Abstract: An exhaust gas treatment system for an internal combustion engine includes an exhaust gas pathway configured to receive exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine, a first injector configured to selectively introduce a first reductant into the exhaust gas pathway in response to a sensed temperature of the exhaust gas being within a predetermined temperature range, and a first treatment element positioned within the exhaust gas pathway downstream of the first injector. The first treatment element includes a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) layer, a porous filter substrate, and a precious metal catalyst layer. The system also includes a second injector configured to introduce a second reductant into the exhaust gas pathway downstream of the first treatment element and a second treatment element positioned within the exhaust gas pathway downstream of the second injector. The second treatment element includes a SCR element.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for increasing engine power via partial engine enrichment and exhaust gas recirculation. In one example, a method may include enriching a first set of engine cylinders, enleaning a second set of the engine cylinders, and operating a third set of the engine cylinders at stoichiometry, exhaust gas from all of the engine cylinders producing a stoichiometric mixture at a downstream emission control device, and providing exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to an intake passage of the engine from the first set of cylinders. In this way, cooling effects from the partial enrichment and the EGR enable engine air flow, and thus engine power, to be increased while an efficiency of the emission control device is maintained, thereby decreasing vehicle emissions.

Abstract: Methods and systems for operating an engine with split lambda modes are provided. At least one example method comprises, while operating an engine in a condition that is within a resonant frequency region for a default split lambda mode, carrying out a rolling split lambda mode. The engine may be operated with only stoichiometric engine cycles in the default split lambda mode, the stoichiometric engine cycles including enleaned and enriched cylinders. Further, the engine may be operated with a plurality of non-stoichiometric engine cycles when carrying out the rolling split lambda mode, the plurality of non-stoichiometric engine cycles including at least one rich engine cycle and at least one lean engine cycle.

Abstract: A mixture-lubricated four stroke engine has a cylinder in which a combustion chamber is formed. The combustion chamber is delimited by a piston which is mounted movably in the cylinder. The engine has an intake channel which discharges into the combustion chamber via an inlet opening controlled by an inlet valve. A mixture formation unit includes at least one fuel opening which discharges into the intake channel. For the lubrication of the crankcase interior, a flow connection connects the intake channel to the crankcase interior via a connecting opening which discharges into the intake channel downstream of the mixture formation unit. The fuel quantity is controlled by a fuel valve. A control unit is configured to activate the fuel valve in a manner dependent on the position of the crankshaft such that the fuel valve is opened at least also during a part of the compression stroke.

Abstract: An electrically heatable catalytic converter for the catalytic treatment of an exhaust gas in an exhaust-gas tract of an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The catalytic converter includes a first catalysis region for the catalytic treatment of the exhaust gas, and a second catalysis region is separate from the first catalysis region. The second catalysis region for the catalytic treatment of the exhaust gas is arranged downstream of the first catalysis region with a predetermined spacing to the first catalysis region. The catalytic converter includes an electric heating device through which the exhaust gas can flow. The electric heating device is arranged downstream of the first catalysis region and upstream of the second catalysis region and is designed to at least partially heat the first catalysis region and the second catalysis region.

Abstract: A method for controlling a filtering efficiency of a filter including a filtering area between an inflow area and an outflow area. Determining a present exhaust mass flow into the filter. Determining a pressure drop across the filter from the inflow area and the outflow area of the filter. Normalizing the measured pressure drop to provide a normalized pressure drop according to a predetermined normalization pressure level at a predetermined temperature for a model filter. Comparing the normalized pressure drop to a pressure drop model including a relation between the pressure drop across a filter and exhaust mass flow to the filter. Determining a pressure deviation between the normalized pressure drop and a pressure drop value calculated based on the pressure drop model and the present exhaust gas flow. Controlling the pressure drop across the filter for reducing the pressure deviation.

Abstract: Described are exhaust gas treatment systems for treatment of an engine exhaust gas stream containing NOx. The exhaust gas treatment system comprises an engine, a catalyst system including a selective catalytic reduction article comprising two zones, an upstream zone comprising iron-promoted first molecular sieves and a downstream zone comprising copper-promoted second molecular sieves. The catalyst system is effective to reduce high NOx levels in the exhaust gas stream. Also described are methods for treatment of engine exhaust gas streams, comprising treating engine exhaust gas streams containing high NOx levels with catalyst systems including selective catalytic reduction articles having two zones.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for enabling diagnostics of an exhaust catalyst regardless of a level of oxygen stored in the catalyst. In one example, a method may include initiating diagnostics of the catalyst in response to an oxygen sensor coupled downstream of the catalyst recording a measurement that crosses a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio output more than a threshold number of times.

Abstract: A hydraulic system comprises a fluid tank and a pump, including a pump reservoir, fluidly coupled to the tank via a supply line. A valve is in fluidic communication with the pump reservoir via a pressure line. A backflow line fluidly couples the pump reservoir to the fluid tank via a timer reservoir and an orifice included in the timer reservoir. The hydraulic system transitions between a normal state and a purge state. In the normal state in which the pump is on, a first portion of the fluid is communicated from the pump reservoir to the valve and a second portion of the fluid is communicated from the pump reservoir to the tank. In the purge state, the pressure line and valve are purged followed by the backflow line and the pump reservoir such that no fluid remains in the pump reservoir.

Abstract: Method for heating an exhaust aftertreatment system in a hybrid vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine and an electric machine, comprising the steps of measuring an exhaust condition for the function of the exhaust aftertreatment system, determining if the exhaust condition is below a predefined limit, applying a load from the electric machine on the internal combustion engine when the temperature is below the predefined limit, in order to increase the combustion engine torque, charging the battery system of the vehicle with power from the electric machine, and disconnecting the electric machine from the internal combustion engine when the exhaust condition for the function of the exhaust aftertreatment system is above the predefined limit. The advantage of the invention is that the heating of an exhaust aftertreatment system after a cold start of a hybrid vehicle can be improved, such that the exhaust emission of the vehicle can be minimized.

Abstract: A catalyst deterioration detection device is provided to detect deterioration of a catalyst provided in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine. The catalyst deterioration detection device includes a storage device and processing circuitry. The storage device stores map data specifying a mapping that uses time series data of an excess amount variable in a first predetermined period and time series data of a downstream detection variable in a second predetermined period as inputs to output a deterioration level variable. The processing circuitry executes an acquisition process that acquires data, a deterioration level variable calculation process that calculates a deterioration level variable of the catalyst based on an output of the mapping using the data acquired by the acquisition process as an input. The map data includes data that is learned through machine learning.

Abstract: The invention relates to an exhaust aftertreatment system (1) for a combustion engine (110), comprising, an outer casing (2) comprising at least one exhaust gas inlet (3) and at least one exhaust gas outlet (4), at least one catalyst (6, 6?) being located in an inner volume (5) of the outer casing (2), wherein the system (1) is configured such that during use of the system (1) exhaust gas flows from the at least one exhaust gas inlet (3) at an inlet velocity, through the at least one catalyst (6, 6?) at a catalyst velocity, into the inner volume (5) outside the at least one catalyst (6, 6?) and to the at least one exhaust gas outlet (4), and further such that the exhaust gas flows in the inner volume (5) outside the at least one catalyst (6, 6) through at least one cross sectional area (A) being defined and limited by at least a perimeter surface (61, 61?) of the at least one catalyst (6, 6?) and an inner surface (21) of the outer casing (2) or by at least two catalyst parameter surfaces (61, 61?), wherein th

Abstract: A controller for a vehicle includes a combustion stoppage period processor and a combustion period processor. The combustion stoppage period processor is configured to selectively execute one of a fuel cut process or a fuel feeding process when stopping combustion in the cylinder in a situation in which a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is rotating. The combustion period processor is configured to execute an increase process that increases flow speed of exhaust gas in the exhaust pipe when the fuel feeding process is executed while combustion is stopped in the cylinder and then combustion is resumed in the cylinder in which the combustion has been stopped.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a method for operating an internal combustion engine with a three-way catalytic converter with lambda control, comprising: monitoring a NOx sensor for a lambda value downstream of the converter; setting a threshold value determining a lambda setpoint value upstream of the converter using the difference between the setpoint value of the electrical signal and the measured electrical signal if the signal is below the threshold; if above the threshold value, determining the lambda setpoint value upstream of the converter using the difference between a NH3 setpoint value of the NOx sensor and the measured NH3 signal of the NOx sensor; and if the measured NH3 concentration is higher than the NH3 setpoint value, increasing the lambda setpoint value upstream of the converter and, if the measured NH3 concentration is lower than the NH3 setpoint value, reducing the lambda setpoint value upstream of the converter.

Abstract: A method includes determining an amount of particulate mass in a particulate filter of an exhaust aftertreatment system. The method includes, when the amount of particulate mass in the particulate filter is greater than a threshold particulate mass value, receiving engine state information, providing electric power to the particulate filter, and obtaining an impedance value of the particulate filter in response to providing the electric power. The method includes, when the amount of particulate mass in the particulate filter is greater than a threshold particulate mass value, determining a temperature of the particulate filter based on the impedance value, and adjusting a magnitude of the electric power in response to at least one of (i) the temperature of the particulate filter satisfying one or more temperature metrics and (ii) the engine state information satisfying one or more engine state metrics.

Abstract: A method for controlling an internal combustion engine system including a catalyst includes receiving a desired output for an internal combustion engine, and receiving sensor information including information indicative of a temperature of the catalyst. The method includes calculating a plurality of sets of engine performance values based on respective sets of candidate control points, the engine performance values including a temperature change rate at which the temperature of the catalyst changes over time, and determining whether the temperature change rate satisfies a minimum warmup rate for the catalyst. The method also includes controlling the internal combustion engine based on a selected set of candidate control points and the minimum warmup rate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for control of dosage of a reducing agent into an exhaust stream, which includes: determining at least one sensor signal SNOx from at least one nitrogen oxides NOx sensor arranged downstream of at least one of the one or more reduction catalysts as at least one sensor correction value SNOx_corr, respectively, if: 1) the engine rotates without fuel supply; 2) an exhaust mass flow M?exh is greater than an exhaust mass flow threshold M?exh_th; M?exh>M?exh_th; and 3) the sensor signal SNOx has had a value smaller than a sensor signal threshold SNOx_th; SNOx<SNOx_th; during at least a predetermined time period Tcon; determining at least one adjusted sensor signal SNOx_adj based on the at least one sensor signal SNOx and the at least one sensor correction value SNOx_corr, respectively; and controlling the dosage of the reducing agent based on the at least one adjusted sensor signal SNOx_adj.

Abstract: A regeneration system for a vehicle includes: a particulate module configured to determine an amount of particulate trapped within a particulate filter, the particulate filter configured to filter particulate from exhaust output from an engine; and a regeneration control module configured to, in response to a determination that the amount of particulate trapped within the particulate filter is at least a predetermined amount: close a wastegate of a turbocharger; and open an EGR valve connected (a) to an intake system of the engine downstream of the turbocharger and (b) to upstream of the particulate filter, the closing of the wastegate and the opening of the EGR valve flowing air from (a) the intake system to (b) upstream of the particulate filter through the EGR valve without the air entering the engine.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle with an engine and a rotary machine each coupled to a drive wheel in a power transmittable manner, comprises: an electronic control device that makes the rotary machine output a starting-time compensation torque to compensate a drop in a drive torque caused in a starting process of the engine in addition to a running torque when the engine is started while the vehicle is in a running state in which the drive torque is generated by the rotary machine and the engine is in a stopped state. The electronic control device starts the engine such that a starting-time inertia torque that is generated according to starting of the engine and causes the drop in the drive torque is made smaller when a torque margin of the rotary machine which is applied to the starting-time compensation torque is relatively small than when the torque margin is relatively large.

Abstract: A filling of an exhaust gas component storage of a catalytic converter is regulated. An actual fill level of the exhaust gas component storage is ascertained using a first system model, and a base lambda setpoint value for a first control loop is predefined by a second control loop. An initial value for the base lambda setpoint value is converted into a fictitious fill level, the fictitious fill level being compared with a setpoint value for the fill level output, and the base lambda setpoint value being iteratively changed as a function of the comparison result, if a difference between the setpoint value for the fill level and the fictitious fill level is greater than a predefined degree. The base lambda setpoint value is not changed if no difference exists between the setpoint value for the fill level and the fictitious fill level.

Abstract: An air intake and exhaust system for a marine engine having an intake manifold and an exhaust manifold includes an air compressor configured to compress ambient air into compressed air and a catalytic converter assembly configured to convert pollutants in an exhaust gas stream received from the exhaust manifold. The air compressor is configured to be fluidly coupled to the intake manifold of the engine for directing at least a first portion of the compressed air to the intake manifold of the engine. The air compressor is also selectively fluidly coupled to the catalytic converter assembly for selectively directing a second portion of the compressed air into the exhaust gas stream at a secondary air injection location at or upstream of the catalytic converter assembly.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for an exhaust gas treatment device. In one example, the exhaust gas treatment device comprises an electrochemical cell having a first electrode, a second electrode and an electrolyte provided between the first and second electrodes, wherein the electrochemical cell is configured to convert a first pollutant species, such as nitric oxide, within the exhaust gas to a second pollutant species, such as nitrogen dioxide, such that a concentration of the second pollutant species within the exhaust gases leaving the exhaust gas treatment device is increased relative to the exhaust gases entering the exhaust gas treatment device.

Abstract: An exhaust component assembly includes a housing defining an internal passage for engine exhaust gas, at least one exhaust gas aftertreatment component within the internal passage, and at least one heater to heat the engine exhaust gas. The heater comprises a helical-shaped element with a surface that spirals about an axis for a predetermined length.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine which has an exhaust-gas system in which a first exhaust-gas purification component and a second exhaust-gas purification component are arranged, and which has an opening-in point via which secondary air can be injected into the exhaust-gas system. The method is distinguished by the fact that an outlet concentration of the at least one exhaust-gas constituent prevailing at an outlet of the first exhaust-gas purification component is calculated by means of an outlet emissions model, and that an inlet concentration of the at least one exhaust-gas constituent prevailing at an inlet of the second exhaust-gas purification component is determined in a manner dependent on the calculated outlet concentration, and that the internal combustion engine is operated in a manner dependent on the thus determined inlet concentration of the at least one exhaust-gas constituent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an installation for depollution of the exhaust gas circulating in an exhaust line (10), notably from an internal-combustion engine, comprising at least one catalysis means for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx), at least one particle elimination means, a main tank (26) comprising at least one particle reducing agent and means (20) for feeding the reducing agent into the exhaust line. According to the invention, the installation comprises reducing agent additivation means (30).

Abstract: An injector injection amount control device includes: acquiring a measured value of a crank angle that is a rotation angle of a crankshaft of an engine, determining instruction injection amounts of fuel from respective injectors, the respective injectors corresponding to a plurality of cylinders of the engine, estimating a torque arising in each of the plurality of cylinders of the engine based on a non-linear Kalman filter employing an error between the acquired measured value of the crank angle and an estimate value of the crank angle, and correcting the instruction injection amounts for the respective injectors corresponding to the plurality of cylinders such that each of the plurality of estimated torques falls within the same range.

Abstract: A control system for a fuel cutoff system of a motor vehicle includes a fuel cutoff module that generates a fuel cutoff signal for disabling a supply of fuel to an engine, in response to the fuel cutoff module detecting a deceleration fuel cutoff (DFCO) event. The control system further includes an oxygen storage module determining an amount of oxygen accumulated in a catalyst and comparing this amount to an oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of the catalyst, in response to the fuel cutoff module determining the DFCO event. The control system further includes an intake valve timing module generating a phasing signal to actuate a plurality of cam phasers to reduce a flow rate of oxygen to the catalyst, in response to the fuel cutoff module determining the DFCO event and the oxygen storage module determining that the amount of oxygen stored in the catalyst is less than the OSC.

Abstract: A system for enhancing internal combustion engine (ICE) exhaust gas aftertreatment includes a first universal heated exhaust gas oxygen (UHEGO) sensor disposed upstream from a first three-way catalytic (TWC) converter and a second UHEGO sensor disposed downstream from the first TWC converter and upstream from a second TWC converter. An engine controller for an ICE is included and is in communication with the first UHEGO sensor and the second UHEGO sensor. The engine controller is configured to monitor and estimate a current oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of the first TWC converter and adjust at least one target exhaust gas lambda parameter as a function of the current OSC of the first TWC converter such that compensation for degradation of the first TWC converter over time is provided.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a low temperature NOx adsorber (LTNA). In one example, a method includes operating in a first mode, the first mode including storing exhaust NOx in an LTNA, heating the LTNA until an LTNA outlet temperature reaches a first threshold temperature, and then converting released NOx in a downstream selective catalyst reduction (SCR) device; and operating in a second mode, the second mode including heating the LTNA until the LTNA outlet temperature reaches a second threshold temperature, higher than the first threshold temperature, and converting exhaust NOx in the SCR device.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for improving catalyst temperature control while reducing oxygen saturation. Secondary air is injected at a location downstream of the catalyst during selected conditions. A mixing valve position is coordinated with the air injection to improve local turbulence and thereby enhance air and fuel mixing in the exhaust passage, in at least one arrangement.

Abstract: An after treatment system is disclosed. The after treatment system may include a three-way catalyst (TWC), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and a CO clean-up catalyst (CUC) on an exhaust pipe through which an exhaust gas flows. The CUC may include a zeolite in which Cu and Fe are ion-exchanged and CeO2 in which Pt is supported, wherein a weight ratio of the CeO2 to a total weight of the CUC is 30-70 wt % such that the CUC purifies NH3 at a lean air/fuel ratio and purifies NH3 during a delay time at a rich air/fuel ratio.

Abstract: An exhaust gas treatment system for an internal combustion engine includes an exhaust gas pathway configured to receive exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine and a first treatment element positioned within the exhaust gas pathway such that the first treatment element is close coupled to the engine. The first treatment element includes a NOx storage element. A first injector is configured to selectively introduce a first reductant into the exhaust gas pathway upstream of the first treatment element, and a second injector is configured to introduce a second reductant into the exhaust gas pathway downstream of the first treatment element. The system includes a second treatment element positioned within the exhaust gas pathway downstream of the second injector, and the second treatment element includes a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) element.

Abstract: In a method for diagnosing a particle filter of a motor vehicle a particle sensor which is connected downstream and has a ceramic sensor element is used, wherein, for the particle sensor, regeneration (10) of the ceramic sensor element is provided by thermal heating to a specific temperature and for a specific time after the start of the motor vehicle. Within the scope of an on-board diagnosis a confirmed diagnosis result is output after a repeated occurrence of a first diagnosis result. In the proposed method reduced regeneration (40) of the ceramic sensor element takes place after a first diagnosis result (30).

Abstract: A controller for an internal combustion engine is configured to control the internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine includes an in-cylinder injection valve, an ignition device, an exhaust passage, and a three-way catalyst. The controller includes a fuel introduction processor configured to execute a fuel introduction process of introducing air-fuel mixture of fuel and air, which has been introduced into a cylinder, into the exhaust passage without burning the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder. The fuel introduction processor is configured to execute the fuel introduction process in a state in which only a port injection valve of the in-cylinder injection valve and the port injection valve performs fuel injection.

Abstract: An aftertreatment system comprises a first passageway having a first temperature and a second passageway having a second temperature different than the first temperature. A turbine is disposed downstream from the first passageway and upstream from the second passageway. The turbine is in fluidic communication with the first passageway and the second passageway. The turbine is structured to receive an exhaust gas from the first passageway, generate energy using the exhaust gas flowing through the turbine and communicate the exhaust gas to the second passageway. The aftertreatment system also includes an insertion device structured to insert an exhaust reductant into the first passageway. A selective catalytic reduction system is configured to receive the exhaust gas from the second passageway and treat the exhaust gas. The first temperature can be higher than the second temperature.

Abstract: A vehicle exhaust system includes an exhaust gas aftertreatment component and an exhaust duct positioned downstream of the exhaust gas aftertreatment component. The exhaust duct defines an internal cavity and a mixer is positioned within the internal cavity. A sensor is configured to sample exhaust gas downstream of the mixer.

Abstract: An oxygen storage amount estimation device estimates an oxygen storage amount of a catalyst disposed in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine. The oxygen storage amount estimation device includes a storage device and processing circuitry. The storage device stores mapping data, which is data specifying a mapping that uses multiple variables including at least an excess-deficient amount variable and a previous value of a storage amount variable as an input to output a value of the storage amount variable. The processing circuitry executes a storage amount variable calculation process that repeatedly calculates a value of the storage amount variable based on an output of the mapping using the multiple variables and an operation process that operates predetermined hardware based on a calculation result of the storage amount variable calculation process. The mapping data includes data learned by machine learning.

Abstract: Various methods and systems are provided for controlling emissions. In one example, a controller is configured to respond to a sensed exhaust oxygen concentration by changing a fuel injection timing to maintain particulate matter (PM) within a range, and then adjusting an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) amount based on NOx sensor output and based on the change in fuel injection timing.

Abstract: An exhaust filtration system comprises a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor, each configured to measure pressure in the exhaust filtration system under low-flow conditions. The exhaust filtration system comprises a third pressure sensor and a fourth pressure sensor, each configured to measure pressure in the exhaust filtration system under high-flow conditions. A flow rate of exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust filtration system is periodically determined. When the flow rate is below a predetermined flow rate threshold, the first and second pressure sensors are used to measure pressure in the exhaust filtration system, and a soot load of the exhaust filtration system is estimated using the pressure measured by the first and second pressure sensors.

Abstract: A vehicle 1 comprises an internal combustion engine 10, a filter 61, a motor 16, a battery 20, a trapped amount calculating part 91 configured to calculate an amount of particulate matter, a state-of-charge estimating part 92 configured to estimate a state of charge of the battery, an engine load setting part 93 configured to set an engine load, and an internal combustion engine control part 94. The engine load setting part is configured to make the engine load increase in the case where the amount of the particulate matter is relatively large compared to the case where the amount of the particulate matter is relatively small when it is estimated that the battery can be charged. The engine load setting part is configured to change an amount of increase of the engine load in accordance with the amount of the particulate matter when making the engine load increase.

Abstract: Systems for abatement of pollutants in an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine including a hydrogen injection article configured to introduce hydrogen upstream of a catalytic article are effective for the abatement of carbon monoxide and/or hydrocarbons and/or nitrogen oxides. The introduction of hydrogen may be intermittent and/or during a cold-start period.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for operating a catalyst arrangement of an internal combustion engine and a catalyst arrangement. The catalyst arrangement includes an exhaust gas sensor having a sensor element and a sensor heating device heating the sensor element, and a catalyst having a catalyst heating device heating the catalyst. The method comprises determining a temperature of the catalyst heating device, activating the catalyst heating device for heating the catalyst, when the determined temperature of the catalyst is below a predetermined catalyst operating temperature threshold, and activating the sensor heating device for heating the sensor element, when the temperature of the catalyst exceeds the predetermined catalyst operating temperature threshold.

Abstract: A compression ignition internal combustion engine system includes an engine and an exhaust system with an upstream exhaust conduit, and an oxidation catalyst device (DOC). Systems and methods of desulfating the oxidation catalyst by the injection of a lightoff fluid to promote ignition of uncombusted fuel in the exhaust stream are disclosed.

Abstract: A compression ignition gasoline engine includes a fuel injection valve for injecting fuel containing gasoline as a main component into a cylinder; an EGR device operative to perform high-temperature EGR of introducing burnt gas generated in the cylinder into the cylinder at a high temperature; an octane number determination unit for determining whether fuel injected from the fuel injection valve has a prescribed octane number; and a combustion control unit for controlling the fuel injection valve and the EGR device in such a way that HCCI combustion occurs within the cylinder. The combustion control unit controls the EGR device, in at least a partial load operating range in which HCCI combustion is performed, in such a way that the EGR rate increases, as compared with a case where fuel is determined to have a prescribed octane number, when fuel is determined not to have a prescribed octane number.

Abstract: A diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) system and a method of controlling the DEF system are disclosed. The method may include determining that a shutdown condition of the DEF system is satisfied; providing a control signal to open a valve of a buffer tank of the DEF system based on determining that the shutdown condition of the DEF system is satisfied; determining that a level of DEF remaining in the buffer tank satisfies a threshold; and closing the valve of the buffer tank based on the level of DEF remaining in the buffer tank satisfying the threshold.

Abstract: Methods, devices, controllers, and algorithms are described for operating an internal combustion engine wherein at least some firing opportunities utilize low temperature gasoline combustion (LTGC). Other firing opportunities may be skipped or utilize some other type of combustion, such as spark ignition. The nature of any particular firing opportunity is dynamically determined during engine operation, often on a firing opportunity by firing opportunity basis. Firings that utilize LTGC produce little, if any, nitrous oxides in the exhaust stream and thus, in some implementations, may require no aftertreatment system to remove them from the exhaust stream.

Abstract: An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine comprises an HC adsorbent 20 arranged adsorbing HC in exhaust gas, an NOx adsorbent 20 adsorbing NOx in exhaust gas, a catalyst 24 removing HC and NOx at a predetermined air-fuel ratio, an air-fuel ratio control part 31 configured to control an air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas, and an HC concentration calculating part 32 configured to calculate a concentration of HC desorbed from the HC adsorbent. A peak of a desorption temperature of HC at the HC adsorbent and a peak of a desorption temperature of NOx at the NOx adsorbent are substantially the same. The air-fuel ratio control part is configured to control an air-fuel ratio of inflowing exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst to the predetermined air-fuel ratio based on the concentration of HC calculated by the HC concentration calculating part when HC is desorbed from the HC adsorbent.

Abstract: A method and a control device for regulating a modeled fill level of an exhaust gas component reservoir of a catalytic converter of an internal combustion engine. Regulation of the modeled fill level is accomplished using a system model. An actual maximum storage capacity of the catalytic converter for the exhaust gas component is ascertained during operation of the internal combustion engine and is taken into consideration in regulating the modeled fill level.

Abstract: A method for controlling a fill level of an exhaust gas component store of a catalytic converter of an internal combustion engine, in which the fill level is controlled by using a system model, which includes a catalytic converter model, and uncertainties of measurement or model variables, which influence the control of the fill level, being corrected by an adaptation that is based on signals of an exhaust-gas probe situated on the output side of the catalytic converter. The method provides that an adaptation requirement is learned as a function of the operating point, the learned adaptation requirement is stored as a function of the operating point, and a distinction is made based on the operating point dependency between different causes of the uncertainties. Also described is a control unit to carry out the method.

Abstract: This invention provides means and a method to eliminate emissions from an internal combustion engine during cold-starts and warm-starts. An oxidizer intake valve external to the engine head and an exhaust valve following the after-treatment system and condensing heat exchanger are closed, thus sealing all gasses inside the engine and the exhaust after-treatment system before starting the engine. Oxygen and hydrogen are used as the oxidizer and fuel to start this engine and operate this engine until the exhaust after-treatment systems have reached their required operating temperatures. This emissions-free startup system works equally well on two, four, six, or eight stroke engines, one or multiple cylinder engines, and spark or compression ignition engines. This invention also provides a means and method to clean the interior of an engine and the after-treatment systems of soot, particulate, and the catalytic surfaces without disassembling the engine or the after-treatment systems.