Abstract: The invention is directed to the purification of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine operated predominantly with a stoichiometric fuel mixture. The exhaust system has in particular 4 purification functions in a particular order. A three-way catalyst (TWC1) near the engine is followed by a gasoline particle filter (GPF) and another three-way catalyst (TWC2) downstream thereof. The system additionally includes an ammonia storage function.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a cylinder, a piston, a crankshaft, a cylinder igniter, an intake passage, a fuel supplier, an exhaust passage, a catalytic converter disposed in the exhaust passage, an exhaust igniter that is disposed upstream of the catalytic converter in the exhaust passage and s generates a spark in the interior of the exhaust passage, and a controller that controls a preheating process for heating the catalytic converter by controlling supply of the air-fuel mixture to the exhaust passage and ignition of the air-fuel mixture by the exhaust igniter. The internal volume of the exhaust passage from the cylinder to an installation position of the exhaust igniter is equal to or less than a volume of the air-fuel mixture discharged from the cylinder in one exhaust stroke in the exhaust passage.

Abstract: A regeneration control apparatus for controlling, in an exhaust gas treatment apparatus of a diesel engine including a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) disposed in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine and a diesel particulate filter (DPF) disposed downstream of the DOC, execution of forced regeneration to remove an exhaust particulate matter (PM) which accumulates on the DPF through a temperature increase of the DPF, includes: a late-post injection amount determination part which determines a late-post injection amount. The late-post injection amount determination part is configured to determine an upper limit value of the late-post injection amount on the basis of an air excess ratio of exhaust gas flowing into the DOC obtained on the basis of a temperature index of the DOC.

Abstract: An exhaust gas control system according to the present disclosure includes: a first exhaust gas control catalyst layer that controls an exhaust gas emitted from an internal combustion engine; and a second exhaust gas control catalyst layer that further controls the exhaust gas that has been controlled by the first exhaust gas control catalyst layer. The second exhaust gas control catalyst layer contains an oxygen storage material. The ratio of the amount (mmol—CO2/m2) of base points per specific surface area (m2/g) of the oxygen storage material to the specific surface area is equal to or less than 4.50×10?5.

Abstract: The invention relates to an engine control unit for an internal combustion engine of a vehicle, with a control unit which is designed to set one or more operating parameters of the internal combustion engine based on a predefined multidimensional operating parameter map which is stored in the control unit and specifies respective operating parameter values for various operating states of the internal combustion engine, wherein the control unit is designed to transmit an operating parameter history, which comprises operating parameter values set for the internal combustion engine in its operating history, to a learning unit, and to receive operating parameter map update data from the learning unit and to update the stored operating parameter map by means of the operating parameter map update data in order to provide improved control for the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for electrical power control of a hybrid vehicle. A change in an electrical load of an ancillary component of the vehicle is determined. In response to determining the change in the electrical load of the ancillary component, an electrical load of an electrically heated catalyst of the vehicle is adjusted.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a hybrid vehicle includes an engine; a drive motor; a battery; an electric supercharger configured to be installed in an intake line in which an intake air supplied to a combustion chamber of the engine flows; a navigation device configure to calculate a driving path from a starting point to a destination point and driving information; a controller configure to calculate a driving load from the driving path and the driving information calculated by the navigation device, determine an optimal SOC (state of charge) for each section from the starting point to destination point based on the driving load, determine a driving mode of the vehicle based on a required torque of driver and a driving mode of the battery to follow the optimal SOC for each section, and adjust an operating point of the engine.

Abstract: A method for controlling a powertrain of a hybrid vehicle includes the following steps performed by a hybrid controller: determining whether an ambient air temperature is lower than a predetermined temperature; driving a motor and operating a heating disc of an electrically heated catalytic converter disposed in an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine during a predetermined operating time when an ambient air temperature is lower than a predetermined temperature; supplying ambient air to the heating disc; and varying a flow rate of the ambient air supplied to the heating disc in response to a temperature change of the heating disc.

Abstract: A vehicle (1) is a hybrid vehicle including a traveling mode to travel only with the driving force of a drive motor (5). Vehicle (1) is mounted with an internal combustion engine (10) capable of being operated at an air-fuel ratio leaner than the theoretical air-fuel ratio. The operation of internal combustion engine (10) is controlled by a control unit (41). Control unit (41) is configured to determine whether to stop internal combustion engine (10) in an operation state, in consideration of the NOx adsorption ratio of a downstream-side exhaust purification catalyst (33) provided in an exhaust passage (31) of internal combustion engine (10).

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio control apparatus includes an air-fuel ratio control unit controlling an air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas flowing into an exhaust gas control catalyst of the internal combustion engine includes an air-fuel ratio control unit controlling the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust gas control catalyst. The air-fuel ratio control unit alternately repeats a rich process for controlling the air-fuel ratio that is richer than a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio and a lean process for controlling the air-fuel ratio hat is leaner than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. The air-fuel ratio control unit, during the rich process, executes a lean pulse process for controlling, over a period shorter than a period of one execution of the lean process, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas to reach a lean air-fuel ratio having a higher lean level than the air-fuel ratio during the lean process.

Abstract: An engine controller performs air-fuel ratio sub-feedback control in which a target air-fuel ratio is switched from a rich air-fuel ratio to a lean air-fuel ratio when a rear air-fuel ratio detected by an air-fuel ratio sensor becomes less than or equal to a rich determination value, and the target air-fuel ratio is switched from the lean air-fuel ratio to the rich air-fuel ratio when the rear air-fuel ratio becomes greater than or equal to a lean determination value. To perform the sub-feedback control, the controller variably sets the lean determination value to a value indicating a leaner air-fuel ratio when an amount of overshoot of the rear air-fuel ratio to a richer value than a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio after switching the target air-fuel ratio from the rich air-fuel ratio to the lean air-fuel ratio is relatively large than when the amount of overshoot is relatively small.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method and a device for closed-loop control of a temperature of a component in an exhaust-gas tract of an internal combustion engine. The exhaust-gas tract has a temperature sensor arranged upstream of the component. The method includes providing a control circuit for the closed-loop control of the temperature of the component and detecting a measurement signal by the temperature sensor during the operation of the internal combustion engine. The measurement signal is characteristic of an exhaust-gas temperature. The measurement signal is used as a measured controlled variable for the control circuit for the closed-loop control of the temperature of the component. The method also includes determining a temperature model for the exhaust-gas temperature of the exhaust gas upstream of the component. The temperature model is used as a predictor for the control circuit. Also, a modeled controlled variable is provided from the temperature model.

Abstract: A close-coupled catalytic article, and its use in an exhaust system for internal combustion engines, is disclosed. The close-coupled catalytic article for the treatment of an exhaust gas comprising: an upstream substrate and a downstream substrate, wherein the upstream substrate is spaced apart from the downstream substrate, wherein the upstream substrate comprises a first three-way catalyst (TWC) composition and the downstream substrate comprises a second TWC composition, the first and second TWC compositions each comprising an oxygen storage component (OSC), wherein a loading of the OSC in the downstream substrate is greater than a loading of the OSC in the upstream substrate and is at least 2.2 g/in3.

Abstract: A V-type engine includes an engine body including a crankcase configured to rotatably support a crankshaft, and a first and second cylinder banks extending from the crankcase, an exhaust collecting pipe connected to the first and second cylinder banks, a catalyst accommodated in the exhaust collecting pipe, and a muffler detachably connected to the exhaust collecting pipe, wherein the catalyst extends in a width direction of the engine body from a distal end side of the first cylinder bank to a distal end side of the second cylinder bank.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine (1) automatically stops when a predetermined idle stop condition is satisfied, and automatically restarts when a predetermined idle stop cancel condition is satisfied. The internal combustion engine (1) is controlled so that when fresh air does not flow into a GPF (18) even if fuel injection is stopped during operation of a vehicle, stop of the fuel injection is permitted even when temperature of GPF (18) is high. That is, the internal combustion engine (1) is controlled so that the stop of the fuel injection is forbidden when the temperature of the GPF (18) is higher than a predetermined temperature T1 and the stop of the fuel injection is allowed when the vehicle stops in a state in which the temperature of the GPF (18) is higher than the predetermined temperature (T1).

Abstract: An internal combustion engine system includes an engine with a plurality of pistons housed in respective ones of a plurality of cylinders, an air intake system to provide air to the plurality of cylinders through respective ones of a plurality of intake valves, an exhaust system to release exhaust gas from the plurality of cylinders through respective one of a plurality of exhaust valves, an aftertreatment system to treat exhaust emission from the engine, and a controller coupled to at least one sensor and configured to control a cam phaser for thermal management of the aftertreatment system.

Abstract: An aftertreatment system includes: a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system including at least one catalyst; a particulate filter fluidly coupled to the SCR; a particulate filter out pressure sensor operatively coupled to an outlet of the particulate filter, the particulate filter out pressure sensor configured to measure a value of a pressure at the outlet of the particulate filter; a temperature sensor; an ambient pressure sensor; and a controller communicatively coupled with the particulate filter out pressure sensor, the controller configured to estimate an exhaust air mass-flow output from the aftertreatment system using a first output value from a particulate filter out pressure sensor, a first temperature output value from a temperature sensor, and a second output value from an ambient pressure sensor.

Abstract: A method for controlling a motor vehicle remotely. The method includes: receiving motor vehicle setting signals, which represent a setting of a motor vehicle that intends to travel into a restricted geographic region; receiving entry condition signals, which represent an entry condition that must be satisfied, so that a motor vehicle may travel into the region; based upon the motor vehicle setting, checking if the entry condition for the motor vehicle is satisfied; generating remote control signals for controlling the motor vehicle remotely, based on a result of the check as to whether the entry condition is satisfied; and outputting the generated remote control signals. A device, a computer program and a machine-readable storage medium are also provided.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to emissions treatment devices including aftertreatment devices that may be utilized with internal combustion engines and, more particularly, to methods and systems for controlling in-cylinder dosing (ICD) and preventing fuel to oil dilution. A method of operating an engine converting an amount of heat needed for regenerating an aftertreatment device into a cam-stroke fueling strategy. The method further includes determining a number of the engine's cylinders to be active cylinders for introducing dosing fuel and calculating a total dosing fuel apportionment of the dosing fuel for each of the active cylinders based on the cam-stroke fueling strategy. A number of dosing shots per injector for each of the active cylinders can be calculated based on the total dosing fuel apportionment and an amount of dosing fuel is apportioned for each dosing shot according to the cam-stroke fueling strategy.

Abstract: A controller for an internal combustion engine is configured to execute a determination process that determines that a deviation between a first change amount and a second change amount during a fuel cutoff operation is less than or equal to a threshold, and an anomaly diagnosing process that determines that an exhaust purification device is in a detached state when the determination process determines that the deviation is less than or equal to the threshold. The first change amount and the second change amount are change amounts per unit time of the temperature of exhaust gas on the upstream side and the downstream side of the exhaust purification device, respectively. The controller is configured to interrupt the determination process when the upstream-side temperature increases within a determination period.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for ammonia combustion and exhaust gas treatment, the system comprising: an internal combustion engine for combusting ammonia; and an exhaust system comprising an intake for receiving an exhaust gas from the combustion engine, an upstream injector for adding hydrogen gas to the exhaust gas and a downstream catalyst article, wherein the downstream catalyst article comprises a three-way catalyst (TWC) composition. The invention further relates to a method for the treatment of an exhaust gas from an ammonia internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A controller is configured to control a vehicle that includes an internal combustion engine and an automatic transmission. The controller is configured to execute a shifting process that switches a gear ratio of the automatic transmission and a lean operation process that operates the internal combustion engine with an air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture in a cylinder leaner than a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. The controller is further configured to, when executing the shifting process during execution of the lean operation process, set an air-fuel ratio in a case in which the shifting process is being executed to a value closer to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio than an air-fuel ratio in a case in which the shifting process is not being executed.

Abstract: Methods and systems are presented for improving operation of an engine that includes an evaporative emissions system. In one example, the methods and systems adjust an amount of fuel that is delivered to a pre-chamber of an igniter in response to purging fuel vapors and/or an indication of hydrocarbon breakthrough of a carbon filled fuel vapor storage canister.

Abstract: An engine consumes fuel and air to generate an exhaust gas stream. An exhaust system channels the exhaust gas stream from the engine to a tailpipe. An aftertreatment system is included in the exhaust system and includes a catalyst. An exhaust throttle valve is disposed in the exhaust system downstream from the aftertreatment system. An actuator controls an amount of air pumped through the engine. A controller operates the exhaust throttle valve and/or the actuator to control emissions from the exhaust system during a cold start and following a deceleration fuel cutoff event.

Abstract: Systems and methods for removing accumulated soot in an aftertreatment system are disclosed herein. A method includes: determining, by a controller, an adsorption amount of soot in an exhaust aftertreatment system; comparing, by the controller, the adsorption amount of soot to a predefined adsorption amount limit; in response to the adsorption amount exceeding the predefined adsorption amount limit, initiating, by the controller, an exhaust cleaning event to remove at least some accumulated soot in the exhaust aftertreatment system; receiving, by the controller, exhaust gas data during the exhaust cleaning event; determining, by the controller, a desorption amount of soot based on the exhaust gas data; comparing, by the controller, the desorption amount of soot to a predefined desorption limit; and ceasing, by the controller, the exhaust cleaning event based on the comparison.

Abstract: An apparatus for use with a combustion apparatus and an associated Selective Catalytic Reduction (‘SCR’) device, comprises a temperature sensing device configured to measure the temperature of an exhaust from the combustion apparatus; and an injection unit configured to inject hydrogen into a feed of oxidizer to the combustion apparatus. An amount of hydrogen is added to an oxidiser feed of the combustion apparatus sufficient to reach a temperature in the exhaust of at least about 270° C.

Abstract: A vehicle exhaust gas reduction system positioned in an exhaust system of an engine includes: an electrically heated catalyst (EHC) of heating exhaust gas of the engine by electrically generating heat; a sub-gasoline particulate filter (Sub GPF) heated by operation of the EHC to combust a particulate number (PN) included in the exhaust gas; a main gasoline particulate filter (Main GPF) of purifying the exhaust gas discharged from the engine; and a controller configured for performing PN reduction control by operating the EHC to be On in a low-temperature condition, and increasing a temperature of the Sub GPF to a reference temperature at which soot combustion is possible, combusting the PN passing through the Sub GPF and soot collected in the Sub GPF.

Abstract: A hybrid electric vehicle and a catalyst heating control method are configured to select a point in time at which catalyst heating control is performed and to perform a follow-up measure based on the selected point in time. The catalyst heating control method includes performing mode switching from a first mode in which only a drive motor is used as a driving source to a second mode in which an engine is driven in a state in which a drive shaft and the engine are disconnected from each other to start heating of a catalyst of the engine. When demand torque higher than a maximum output of the drive motor occurs before the catalyst heating is completed, the second mode is maintained until the demand torque is greater than the sum of the maximum output and a predetermined margin.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a catalyst arranged in an exhaust passage, a fuel injection valve that supplies fuel to a cylinder, and an ignition device. A controller controls a fuel injection amount of the fuel injection valve and an ignition timing of the ignition device. The controller executes a fuel supply process that supplies fuel of the internal combustion engine from the fuel injection valve to the catalyst and a correction process that corrects an amount of fuel supplied to the catalyst during the fuel supply process so that the catalyst is supplied with less fuel when the ignition timing is retarded than when the ignition timing is advanced.

Abstract: A fuel injection control method for an internal combustion engine is provided. The internal combustion engine includes a fuel pump (38) that pressure-feeds fuel, a fuel injection valve (19) that injects the fuel pressure-fed by the fuel pump directly into a cylinder of the internal combustion engine (1), and a fuel pressure detection device (45) that detects a pressure of the fuel pressure-fed by the fuel pump.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a flame during gas combustion in a combustion chamber (10). A heating unit (1) has an evaluation unit, an extraction line (11) and a sensor (12). The sensor (12) is arranged in the extraction line (11) to detect thermal substance properties of the gas. Thus, it is determined if it is ambient air (B), a non-combusted fuel-air mixture (C) or particularly the hydrogen-air mixture, or a waste gas (A) generated during combustion. The sensor (12) transmits a recorded measured value to the evaluation unit. The evaluation unit uses the measured value to determine whether ambient air (B), the non-combusted fuel-air mixture (C), or waste gas (A) is flowing through the extraction line (11) and thereby determines whether the flame is burning or extinguished.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine (1) includes: an exhaust gas recirculation unit equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation control valve (9); a crank angle sensor (11) that detects an indicated mean effective pressure fluctuation rate (cPi) as an indicator of combustion stability of the internal combustion engine (1); and a controller (10) that corrects the EGR rate of the exhaust gas recirculation unit based on the combustion stability. The controller (10) is configured to: increase-correct the EGR rate by a predetermined amount when the state where the indicated mean effective pressure fluctuation rate (cPi) is lower than a threshold value continues for a predetermined number of cycles; and decrease-correct the EGR rate by a predetermined amount immediately when the indicated mean effective pressure fluctuation rate (cPi) is higher than or equal to the threshold value.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for optimizing the state of a catalytic converter in a vehicle with a diesel engine when parking the vehicle, the method comprising establishing that a switch-off process for switching off the diesel engine has been initiated, increasing an NH3 feed rate to a first value in order to store a surplus of NH3 in the catalytic converter, stopping the NH3 feed when the speed of the diesel engine falls below a speed threshold or a measured NH3 emission exceeds an emission threshold, and completing the switch-off process. The disclosure also relates to an engine controller and to a computer program.

Abstract: A method for ascertaining an exhaust gas composition of an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine with regard to an ammonia fraction and a nitrogen oxides fraction in an exhaust gas system including an SCR catalytic converter. The method includes detecting, using a sensor, a first signal whose magnitude is a function of the nitrogen oxides fraction of the exhaust gas upstream from the SCR catalytic converter, detecting using a sensor a second signal whose magnitude is a function of the ammonia fraction and the nitrogen oxides fraction of the exhaust gas downstream from the SCR catalytic converter, storing the two signals over an observation period, and ascertaining the ammonia fraction and optionally the nitrogen oxides fraction of the exhaust gas downstream from the at least one SCR catalytic converter using a calculation rule that uses the two signals during the observation period as input variables.

Abstract: A work vehicle includes an exhaust gas treatment device including a DPF (diesel particulate filter); a DPF condition determiner configured to determine a DPF condition as a condition of the DPF based on a detection signal from a sensor; a monitor configured to display the DPF condition and having a DPF condition display area that includes a plurality of text segments to display respective predetermined text items different from each other; and a text display controller configured to light up two or more of the plurality of text segments in accordance with the DPF condition determined by the DPF condition determiner.

Abstract: A control system for a vehicle, the control system comprising one or more controllers, the control system being arranged to: determine a prediction of an end of a current driving cycle of the vehicle, determine a likelihood of slippage from an emissions trap of the vehicle in a next driving cycle of the vehicle in dependence on the prediction of the end of the current driving cycle, and control purging of the emissions trap prior to the prediction of the end of the current driving cycle in dependence on the likelihood of slippage.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for controlling a catalyst temperature. In one example, a method includes throttling in response to the catalyst temperature exceeding a threshold temperature. The throttling includes adjusting an intake throttle position to a more closed position. The throttling further includes increasing a turbine work extraction via adjusting a position of a plurality of turbine vanes to decrease a turbine outlet temperature.

Abstract: A diesel exhaust fluid includes (a) water, (b) urea, (c) a 3-dimensional siloxane component, (d) optionally, a tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate, (e) optionally, an ammonium-containing salt, and (f) optionally, a titanium-containing salt or hydrate.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for an exhaust system. In one example, a method may include determining presence of a zone flow based on a comparison of a first exhaust sensor and a second exhaust sensor. The presence or absence of the zone flow may determine a rate at which an air-fuel ratio is adjusted.

Abstract: An engine control module (ECM) may obtain information concerning a speed of an engine, information concerning an exhaust gas temperature, information concerning an engine airflow rate, information concerning a pressure of an intake manifold associated with the engine, and information concerning a requested amount of engine braking power. The ECM may cause one or more components of a variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) to adjust based on the information concerning the speed of the engine, the information concerning the exhaust gas temperature, and the information concerning the engine airflow rate. Additionally, or alternatively, the ECM may cause the one or more components of the VGT to adjust based on the information concerning the pressure of the intake manifold associated with the engine and the information concerning the requested amount of engine braking power.

Abstract: A control method of an engine system is a method of controlling the engine system including an engine with a combustion chamber; a fuel injection valve configured to supply fuel to the engine; and an air-fuel ratio sensor provided in a flow path of exhaust gas from the engine. In the control method, feedback control is performed so that an air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber becomes a target value by controlling the fuel injection valve, using an air-fuel ratio measured value obtained by the air-fuel ratio sensor. In the feedback control, a transfer function is used, the transfer function being obtained by system identification of a plant having the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber serve as an input and the air-fuel ratio measured value obtained by the air-fuel ratio sensor serve as an output.

Abstract: A control device for an internal combustion engine including an upstream cleaning device and a downstream cleaning device that are provided in an exhaust gas passage and a temperature sensor that detects a temperature of exhaust gas between the upstream cleaning device and the downstream cleaning device is provided. The control device includes a first temperature estimating unit configured to estimate a temperature of the downstream cleaning device from the temperature of exhaust gas detected by the temperature sensor and a second temperature estimating unit configured to estimate a temperature of the downstream cleaning device without using the temperature of exhaust gas detected by the temperature sensor. An abnormality determining process for the upstream cleaning device is performed when at least the temperature of the downstream cleaning device estimated by the second temperature estimating unit is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: In accordance with exemplary embodiments, methods and systems are provided for controlling particulate filter regeneration for a particulate filter of a drive system of a vehicle, including: obtaining sensor data pertaining to the drive system via one or more sensors of the vehicle; determining, via a processor of the vehicle, when particulate filter regeneration is warranted, using the sensor data; and providing particulate filter regeneration while performing scavenging with respect to the drive system, via instructions provided by the processor, when it is determined that particulate filter regeneration is warranted.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling a gasoline urea selective catalytic reductant catalyst are described. In one example, an observer is provided that corrects an estimate of an amount of NH3 that is stored in a SCR. The amount of NH3 that is stored in the SCR is a basis for generating additional NH3 or ceasing generation of NH3.

Abstract: A process to adjust the ignition timing of an air-fuel mixture in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, the process comprises determining a first quantity indicative of a pressure of the mixture for a cycle of the engine, determining a second quantity indicative of a speed of the engine, determining a third quantity indicative of a first temperature of a conditioning fluid, providing a heat exchange mathematical model for the combustion chamber, which maps the three quantities from the first to the third one onto a fourth quantity indicative of a second temperature of a wall portion around the combustion chamber, estimating the fourth quantity by means of the three determined quantities and by means of the mathematical model, and adjusting the ignition timing as a function of the fourth estimated quantity.

Abstract: A control device and a control method for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine including a post-processing device are provided. The control device includes an electronic control unit executing a temperature raising process of raising the temperature of the post-processing device and a recovery-time process. The temperature raising process includes a stopping process and a rich process. In the stopping process, supply of fuel to several of cylinders is stopped. In the rich process, the air-fuel ratio of an air-fuel mixture for different ones of the cylinders other than the several cylinders is made lower than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. In the recovery-time process, the concentration of unburned fuel in exhaust gas discharged to the exhaust passage is made higher than an equivalent concentration, when the temperature raising process is stopped. The equivalent concentration is the concentration of unburned fuel being just enough to react with oxygen in the exhaust gas.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification system for a gasoline engine is described the system comprising in consecutive order the following devices: •a first three-way-catalyst (TWC1), a gasoline particulate filter (GPF) and a second three-way-catalyst (TWC2), •wherein the oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of the GPF is greater than the OSC of the TWC1, wherein the OSC is determined in mg/l of the volume of the device.

Abstract: A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine performs a first acquisition process for acquiring a first index value corresponding to an integrated amount of intake air during a performance of the fuel cutoff process, and a cancellation process for cancelling the fuel cutoff process when the first index value becomes equal to or larger than a first predetermined value during the performance of the fuel cutoff process. Besides, the control apparatus performs a second acquisition process for acquiring a second index value corresponding to an elapsed time from the end of the fuel cutoff process to the subsequent start of the fuel cutoff process, and a change process for making the first predetermined value smaller when the second index value is small in starting the fuel cutoff process than when the second index value is large in starting the fuel cutoff process.

Abstract: A method for exhaust gas aftertreatment is provided, the method comprising: a) providing a nitrogen oxide-containing raw exhaust gas, b) introducing the nitrogen oxide-containing raw exhaust gas into a catalytic evaporator (1), c) introducing a urea solution and a fuel into the catalytic evaporator (1), as a result of which a reducing agent is obtained, and d) supplying the reducing agent to an exhaust gas aftertreatment system (8). Alternatively or in addition, a device for producing a reducing agent may be provided, a reducing agent produced with same, and the use of these objects.

Abstract: A controller for a hybrid electric vehicle including an internal combustion engine is provided. The internal combustion engine includes a filter arranged in an exhaust passage collect particulate matter from exhaust gas. The controller executes a first deceleration control process, a second deceleration control process, and a selection process. The first deceleration control process uses a fuel cutoff process when deceleration of the hybrid electric vehicle is required. The second deceleration control process does not use the fuel cutoff process when deceleration of the hybrid electric vehicle is required. The selection process selects execution of the second deceleration control process when a PM deposition amount is greater than or equal to a threshold value and selects execution of the first deceleration control process when the PM deposition amount is less than the threshold value.