Abstract: Pollutants are removed from a hot industrial effluent after which enthalpy is recovered from the hot effluent by converting a working fluid into a foam in a flashing unit and using the foam to propel a turbine. For liquid effluents the effluent itself serves as the working fluid. For gaseous effluents the scrubbing fluid used to remove pollutants is used as the working fluid.

Abstract: An externally cooled, absorption engine apparatus and method, the apparatus including a closed cycle system having a first fluid and a second fluid, the first fluid constituting a working fluid and having a relatively lower boiling point while the second fluid constitutes a solvent for the first fluid and has a relatively higher boiling point and a relatively high degree of absorptivity for the first fluid. The apparatus further includes a distillation column, a superheater, a mechanical expansion engine, an externally cooled absorption column, and heat exchange apparatus. The distillation column separates the first fluid or working fluid from the solvent with heat energy supplied by an external combustion source and the superheater increases the thermal energy thereof prior to passing the working fluid through the mechanical expansion engine. The mechanical expansion engine converts thermal engine in the working fluid vapor to mechanical energy.

Abstract: The principle of the acid/soda fire extinguisher is applied to generating pressure in the expansible chamber of a power plant or engine.Pressure is generated in a first container by adding sulfuric acid to a bicarbonate of soda solution and the pressurized solution is applied alternatively to the two sides of a double acting piston. The unpressurized side of the piston is alternatively connected to a second container for the collection of used solution.When the solution in the first container is used up, the solution in the second container is activated by the addition of more sulfuric acid and the cycle is reversed.

Abstract: A reaction turbine includes(a) first nozzle means to receive heated fluid for expansion therein to form a two-phase discharge of gas and liquid,(b) a separator rotor having an axis and a rotating surface located in the path of said discharge for supporting a layer of separated liquid on said surface,(c) the rotor having reaction nozzle means to communicate with said layer to receive liquid therefrom for discharge in a direction or directions developing torque acting to rotate the rotor.

Abstract: A regenative absorption engine apparatus and method, the apparatus including a closed cycle system having a first fluid and a second fluid, the first fluid having a relatively lower boiling point, the second fluid having a relatively higher boiling point and also a relatively high degree of absorptivity for the first fluid. The apparatus further includes a distillation column, a superheater, a mechanical expansion engine, an absorption column, and heat exchange apparatus. The distillation column is used to separate the first fluid from the second fluid with heat while the superheater increases the thermal energy of the first fluid prior to passing the first fluid through the mechanical expansion engine. The mechanical expansion engine converts thermal energy in the first fluid to mechanical energy. The backpressure in the first fluid on the downstream side of the mechanical expansion engine is lowered by absorbing the first fluid with the second fluid in the absorption column.

Abstract: There is provided an improved energy converting system for converting low temperature heat energy into mechanical energy. The energy converting system includes an absorption system including a carrier fluid and a working medium absorbable by the carrier fluid. Evaporator means receives the low thermal energy and converts the working medium from a liquid to a gas. The gaseous working medium is then absorbed by the carrier fluid, and the concentrated mixture of working medium and carrier fluid goes into a separator wherein the medium and fluid are separated by compression. A condenser means is provided for removing heat from the gaseous working medium and thereby converting the gaseous working medium into a liquid. Energy converting means are provided associated with one of the above means for converting the energy in the system into other forms of energy, such as into mechanical energy.

Abstract: A system for recovering energy from a pressured reactor comprising a reactor, a reciprocating engine connected to the reactor to receive reaction effluent from said reactor thereby driving the pistons of the reciprocating engine by expansion of the effluent and recovery apparatus downstream of the engine for recovering products from the effluent.The expanding reactor effluent is used to drive the pistons which are especially valved in conjunction with the effluent inlet port in the cylinder to facilitate handling the effluents, the pistons in turn operate a crankshaft through a crosshead which may power compressors or operate a generator to produce electricity. It is reasonable to expect recovery in a directly usable form, such as electricity, of over 25% of the energy theoretically available in the pressured reactor effluent in some cases.

Abstract: A saturated non-convective solar pond is employed as an unmixing device in conjunction with reverse electrodialysis or pressure-retarded osmosis for power generation.

Abstract: A power generating plant which includes a direct contact-type heat exchanger. A low-boiling point medium such as freon and a heat-source medium such as heated oil, are injected from a lower portion of the heat exchanger so that the two media are brought into direct contact with each other thereby vaporizing the gaseous low-boiling point medium. The low-boiling medium acts as a working fluid while it circulates through a closed cycle of the plant which includes a turbine and a condenser. The heat-source medium, circulates in a closed cycle of the plant which includes a heating unit.

Abstract: A process and system for recovery of energy from geothermal brines or other hot aqueous solutions of a non-volatile solute, by direct contact heat transfer using staged evaporator-condenser units operating with a low boiling water-immiscible liquid hydrocarbon. Each stage comprises a closed vessel divided into two compartments, an evaporator and a condenser, by a bubble cap tray similar in construction to those used in distillation. Hot geothermal brine or other hot aqueous liuqid is introduced into the liquid hydrocarbon contained in the lower compartment of each stage, causing boiling of the hydrocarbon at a temperature difference of 2.degree.-4.degree. F. Hydrocarbon vapors pass from the evaporator compartment through the bubble caps to the upper condenser compartment where they are condensed in contact with a cooler water stream, and the condensed hydrocarbon is returned to the lower compartment.

Abstract: A chemical plant, wherein gaseous reactants are converted in an exothermic chemical reaction to a reaction product, is combined with a semi-closed Brayton-cycle power plant to utilize the heat of reaction to generate power. Specifically, in one embodiment, an ammonia synthesis plant, wherein gaseous nitrogen and hydrogen are catalytically converted to ammonia, is combined with a semi-closed Brayton-cycle power plant to utilize the heat of reaction of the ammonia synthesis reaction to generate power.

Abstract: A cyclic energy transformation apparatus and method for developing streams of working fluid flow with different energy characteristics. The working fluid being passed through a container which effectuates a vortical ring flow pattern. The fluid in one stream is discharged from the container as high pressure flow. The fluid in another stream is discharged from the container as a high temperature flow. The separate streams can be used independently or in conjunction with each other for performing useful work.

Abstract: In the recovery of energy from geothermal brines and other water containing or hot water sources, such brine or hot water under pressure is introduced into direct heat exchange contact with a working fluid such as isobutane, the resulting hot isobutane is expanded in a turbine to produce work, the turbine discharge is condensed and returned to the heat exchanger and the cooled brine is withdrawn from the column. The present invention is directed to recovery of working fluid dissolved and/or entrained in the spent geothermal brine or water withdrawn from the direct contact heat exchanger, including the steps of settling the brine in a settling tank to recover some of the isobutane, flashing the remaining brine to flash off additional isobutane and steam stripping the spent brine to drive off further isobutane, the recovered isobutane in each of the steps being recycled to the direct contact heat exchanger.

Abstract: A low boiling point medium power plant in which heated waste gas, such as furnace gas, geothermic steam, etc., is used as a heat source for heating an intermediate thermal medium by means of an indirect heat exchanger, and the intermediate thermal medium is used as a heat source for heating a turbine driving low boiling point medium by means of a direct heat exchanger. The indirect heat exchanger and the direct heat exchanger are rendered into a unitary structure and contained in a sealed housing together with a turbine, a generator and a condenser, whereby a compact overall size can be obtained in a low boiling point medium power plant.

Abstract: A multi-stage, wet steam turbine employs working fluid, such as steam for example, in its two-phase region with vapor and liquid occurring simultaneously for at least part of the cycle, in particular the nozzle expansion. A smaller number of stages than usual is made possible, and the turbine may handle liquid only. Simple construction, low fuel consumption and high reliability are achieved.

Abstract: A two-phase thermal energy conversion system employs an evaporable liquid such as water, and a gas which is not liquefiable within the operating temperature and pressure ranges, such as air. The water and air are mixed and one of the two or both are heated so that the water evaporates and is absorbed by the air to result in a pressure increase. The increase of pressure or volume can be converted into mechanical energy by a prime mover such as a turbine or reciprocating piston engine. The heat of condensation is utilized and converted into mechanical power while the temperature and pressure are reduced. The liquid, such as water, may be below its boiling point. If the water consists of salt water, fresh water is derived as a condensation product from the prime mover.

Abstract: Gas and combined gas/steam power cycles in which chemical energy is stored in a gaseous working fluid by radiolytic dissociation at a temperature below the temperature of thermodynamic macroscopic dissociation, such that the dissociated portion of the working fluid exists under conditions of macroscopic thermal non-equilibrium. The dissociated fluid components are then recombined with the energy of recombination adding heat to the working fluid for extraction in the power cycle.

Abstract: A fluid engine comprising a coiled conduit having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet and supported to rotate about its axis in a partially immersed condition within a first fluid which interfaces with a second fluid having a different fluid density. Rotation of the conduit about its axis causes the fluid inlet to alternately be immersed in the first and second fluids whereby a quantity of each fluid is entrapped within each convolution of the conduit resulting in an unbalanced fluid condition producing a gravitational turning moment. Pressure differential across the coiled conduit between the inlet and the outlet maintains fluid flow through the conduit from the inlet to the outlet thereby sustaining the unbalanced condition which causes conduit rotation. The required differential may be provided by a head of water or may be created by evaporating a liquid or by thermally expanding a gas.

Abstract: Improved power cycles for improving the production of power and refrigeration and for conserving thermal energy, utilizing as a common basic characteristic, a hydride-dehydride-hydrogen power cycle in which hydrogen is reversibly combined with a hydride-forming material at a relatively low temperature and pressure, the hydrided material is then heated at constant volume to chemically compress the hydrogen, and finally the material is dehydrided by further heating the material to release hydrogen gas at relatively high pressure and temperature. The pressurized high temperature hydrogen gas as thus developed is used in various ways for producing power and refrigeration, including functioning as a low temperature heat sink for certain auxiliary or ancillary power cycles, prior to recycling the hydrogen gas for reuse in the described hydride-dehydride-hydrogen cycle.

Abstract: A wheel having a plurality of vanes which extend centrally out to the periphery thereof, is rotatably mounted on the walls of a main compartment. A first liquid is contained within this main compartment. A second liquid having a substantially lower boiling temperature than the first is contained within a second "boiler" compartment, the second compartment being mounted in the first and at least partially submersed in the first liquid. A source of heat is applied to the first compartment to heat this compartment and the liquid contained therein to a high enough temperature so as to cause the second liquid to boil. The vapor generated by virtue of the boiling of the second liquid is conveyed to a location beneath the wheel where it is released through port means such that the vapor bubbles rise in the first liquid and in rising are caught within the vanes of the wheel, which then exerts a buoyancy force, thereby rotatably driving the wheel.

Abstract: In a process for recovering mechanical work in a heat engine there is used as a working medium in the heat engine a gas to which vapor is added having a H-value lower than the H-value of the gas, the gas being caused to absorb the condensation heat from the vapor by condensation of the vapor under essentially isothermal expansion. A heat engine for carrying out the process comprises; an isothermal compressor to which a liquid injection mechanism is connected; an isentropic compressor; an expansion machine to which a vapor generator is connected; and at least one additional expansion machine with liquid separator; said compressors and expansion machines being included in a closed circulation system for the gas serving as a working medium.

Abstract: A distillation/absorption engine including apparatus for utilizing a lower boiling point, working fluid and a higher boiling point, absorption fluid, the absorption fluid having a relatively high degree of absorptivity for the working fluid. The apparatus includes a distillation column for separating the working fluid from the absorption fluid and a condenser/storage system for storage of the separated working fluid which is condensed and stored as a condensate. An absorption reboiler is used to revaporize the condensed working fluid. The revaporized working fluid is superheated in a superheater before producing mechanical energy in a mechanical expansion engine such as a turbine or the like. Thermal energy for the absorption reboiler is obtained from the heat of absorption generated by absorbing with the absorption fluid the spent working fluid from the mechanical expansion engine. Absorption of the spent working fluid also lowers the backpressure for improved efficiencies.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for generating power utilizing press-retarded osmosis, in which a concentrated solution at a high hydraulic pressure is passed along one face of a semi-permeable membrane, and a dilute solution at a low hydraulic pressure is passed along the opposite face of the membrane to effect, by pressure-retarded-osmosis, the passage of at least a part of the dilute solution through the membrane forming a pressurized mixed solution. The potential energy stored in the pressurized mixed solution is converted to useful energy by depressurizing and repressurizing only the dilute solution.

Abstract: A small power plant utilizing waste heat wherein:an intermediate heat transfer medium being thermally stable and capable of lubricating bearings is interposed between a heat source and a turbine operating medium;heat of said intermediate heat transfer medium is taken off through a direct contact heat exchanger to change said turbine operating medium in phase from a liquid state to a gaseous state; anda portion of said intermediate heat transfer medium is supplied as the lubricant for the bearings of the turbine and generator.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing an improved regenerative turbine driven by a liquid or gaseous fluid. The turbine has a housing with a primary inlet and an auxiliary inlet. The driving fluid in the primary inlet is maintained at near stagnation pressure conditions. As the primary driving fluid passes through the regenerative turbine motor channel, it describes a helical path, imparting energy from the fluid to the rotor. The auxiliary fluid inlet feeds fluid to the exhaust part of the rotor channel tangential to the helical path of the primary fluid and increases the rotational motion of the exhaust fluid. The pressure ratio between the fluid inlet and the fluid exhaust is thereby increased and results in improved turbine efficiency. Secondary sources of energy for driving the turbine provide alternative driving fluids.

Abstract: A method and closed system for high volume distillation of impure liquids comprises evaporating the impure liquid in an evaporator to form a vapor at a temperature above the freezing point and below the critical point, preferably the boiling point, of the liquid at ambient pressure and at a pressure not exceeding a pressure corresponding to the evaporation temperature under saturated conditions; compressing the vapor in compression means which preferably has a compression ratio variable in the range 1.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for high volume distillation of impure liquid comprises evaporating the impure liquid in an evaporator to form a vapor at a temperature above the freezing point and below the boiling point of said liquid at atmospheric pressure and at a pressure not exceeding a pressure corresponding to the evaporation temperature under saturated conditions; compressing the vapor; passing a portion of the compressed vapor through an expansion engine to do work upon and motivate the engine and to produce shaft energy, whereby the vapor expands and cools; bypassing the expansion engine with the remainder of the compressed vapor and admixing the remainder directly with the expanded vapor from the expansion engine in a mixing chamber; adding work to the expansion engine to supplement the work done by the vapor expanding therethrough to make up for work lost when the remainder of the compressed vapor bypassed the expansion engine and for other work lost; cooling the admixed vapor in heat transfer relation wi

Abstract: An electromagnetic reactor engine system is disclosed wherein hydrogen and chlorine are conducted into a reactor and are combined with controlled explosive violence when exposed to electromagnetic radiation. Atmospheric oxygen is used as a control medium to regulate the energy given off by the reaction. The gases thus formed drive a turbine assembly, the output of which powers a suitable utilization device. The spent gas, hydrogen chloride, is converted to hydrochloric acid in a gas-water reactor when exhausted by the turbine. The hydrochloric acid is fed to a hydrochloric acid electrolysis cell for recycling to hydrogen and chlorine. Various means are provided for supplying the initial quantities of hydrogen and chlorine to the reactor to begin the cycle.

Abstract: The flow from geothermal wells is stimulated by injecting a liquid at selected levels in the well with the liquid having a boiling point below the temperature of the geothermal fluid at the levels of injection at the operating pressure at the levels of injection. The geothermal fluid and vaporized injected fluid from the well are applied to a system for extracting the heat energy as well as for cleaning sand and other well depositions that may accumulate in the geothermal well. The system may include a direct contact heat exchanger having either a vertical chamber or a horizontal chamber. The contactor has a plurality of zones including a boiler zone, one or more separation zones, and at least one heat exchange zone. The contactor may also include a wash zone and a flash zone.In the wash zone there is advantageously included recirculation trays vertically spaced for washing the vapor to remove entrained substances, such as minerals dissolved in the fluid from the geothermal wells.

Abstract: A method for producing mechanical energy from geothermal fluids in which a heat transfer fluid (HTF) is heated by direct contact with the hot geothermal fluids, thereby partially cooling the geothermal fluids. A working fluid is heated by direct contact with the partially cooled geothermal fluid and is heated further by indirect heat exchange with the hot HTF. The heated working fluid is utilized in a heat engine for the production of mechanical energy.

Abstract: Flow of gas in opposite directions through vertical conduits is accelerated by evaporation of heated liquid to decrease the density of the gas entering the lower inlet end of one of the conduits in an upflow direction. Extraction of the liquid vapor from the gas adjacent the upper outlet end of the upflow conduit further accelerates gas flow which is thermally induced by heat exchange between the gas and the heated liquid at the lower outlet end of the downflow conduit.

Abstract: A turbine including a plurality of nozzles for delivering streams of a two-phase fluid along linear paths, a phase separator for responsively separating the vapor and liquid characterized by concentrically related annuli supported for rotation within the paths and having endless channels for confining the liquid under the influence of centrifugal forces, a vapor turbine fan for extracting kinetic energy from the vapor, and a liquid turbine blade for extracting kinetic energy from the liquid whereby angular momentum of both the liquid phase and the vapor phase of the fluid is converted to torque.

Abstract: A method for producing mechanical energy from geothermal brine in which a heat transfer fluid (HTF) is heated by direct contact with the hot geothermal brine in cocurrent flow through a series of flash stages which are maintained at successively lower pressures so that the HTF is vaporized in each stage. A working fluid is countercurrently flowed through the series of flash stages in indirect heat exchange with the vapor produced in each stage so that the vapor is condensed in each stage and the working fluid is progressively heated as it passes through the series of flash stages. The heated working fluid is utilized in a heat engine for the production of mechanical energy.

Abstract: Process and apparatus are disclosed in which a very cold gas, e.g. air, is injected into an upflowing stream of water to aerate and help lift the liquid at accelerated velocity. The gas-liquid mixture is discharged at high velocity into a separating zone converting dynamic energy into pressure energy; gas flows out to drive an expansion engine while the liquid next flows to a deep storage zone, entrapping gas as it descends at considerable velocity. The expanding gas is cooled by expansion and returned to the first stage. Meanwhile, the entrapped downflowing gas is allowed to collect above the liquid in deep storage under pressure, from whence it can be released for expansion, as in an engine, with further cooling to lower still further the temperature of the gas going to the first step. In a modification, a very cold gas, such as liquid nitrogen, may be used in the first step, means being provided for obtaining work and reliquefying the latter gas.

Abstract: Disclosed is a concentration difference energy operated power plant comprising an aqueous solution tank containing an aqueous solution of slats, a pure water boiler disposed within the tank and completely immersed in the aqueous solution therein, preheater means for preheating the aqueous solution in the tank to a temperature very close to the boiling temperature thereof, and a steam engine which is operated by the steam generated in the pure water boiler, the steam discharged from the steam engine being injected through nozzles into the aqueous solution in the tank, dissipating the latent heat to the aqueous solution. Also disclosed is the compositions of the aqueous solutions used in conjunction with the above power plant.

Abstract: A thermodynamic system heats a portion of a liquid from a reservoir to vaporize some of the liquid and use the vapor to power an injector. The injector pumps unvaporized liquid through a path leading from the reservoir and through a rotatably driven transducer that outputs energy from the system. Two immiscible liquids can be used so that a portion of one of the liquids is vaporized to power the injector, and the other liquid is pumped through the transducer. Also, a vortex tube is preferably arranged between the vaporizer and the injector for dividing the vaporized liquid into relatively hot and cold portions and feeding the hot portion to the injector to power the injector.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improvement in the process of conveying heat energy by means of the exothermic and endothermic reactions involved in the conversion and re-forming of methane. According to the invention, methane is steam-reformed in an endothermic reaction, utilizing heat energy, to a gas comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water vapor. The gas is substantially freed of water and is conveyed to a location wherein heat energy is desired. The heat energy is released upon re-forming methane and the exothermic reaction wherein methane is re-formed is carried out at elevated pressure and at least in part at temperatures between about 400.degree. and 650.degree. C. The methane so produced can be recycled if desired.

Abstract: An air pressure differential energy generation system comprises a stack for conduction of air from a high to a low atmospheric pressure level. A vapor injection device within the stack provides a method of filling the stack at least in part with water vapor. A heat exchanger is provided at the high atmospheric pressure end of the stack. A turbine is coupled to the heat exchanger and is impelled by warmed air. An electrical generator is coupled to the turbine to provide electrical power.

Abstract: The invention involves thermodynamic processes, heat engines, and ways of making gaseous fluid jets by using primarily the latent heat of condensation for the energy required. A vapor such as water vapor is mixed with a gaseous fluid such as air, and the mixture is expanded in a nozzle sufficiently to condense a substantial portion of the vapor and transform the latent heat of the condensation into kinetic energy of the gaseous fluid. The process can be used to form a gaseous fluid jet, which can be used to drive the turbine of a heat engine for either open-cycle or closed-cycle operation. Moist ambient wind can be used as the energy source for producing a jet that drives a wind turbine, or a boiler can be used to form saturated vapor mixed with the gaseous fluid and directed into the nozzle.

Abstract: Improved power cycles for improving the production of power and refrigeration and for conserving thermal energy, utilizing as a common basic characteristic, a hydride-dehydride-hydrogen power cycle in which hydrogen is reversibly combined with a hydride-forming material at a relatively low temperature and pressure, the hydrided material is then heated at constant volume to chemically compress the hydrogen, and finally the material is dehydrided by further heating the material to release hydrogen gas at relatively high pressure and temperature. The pressurized high temperature hydrogen gas as thus developed is used in various ways for producing power and refrigeration, including functioning as a low temperature heat sink for certain auxiliary or ancillary power cycles, prior to recycling the hydrogen gas for reuse in the described hydride-dehydride-hydrogen cycle.

Abstract: Method of producing high energy pressurized gas working fluid power from a low energy, low temperature heat source, wherein the compression energy is gained by using the low energy heat source to desorb hydrogen gas from a metal hydride bed and the desorbed hydrogen for producing power is recycled to the bed, where it is re-adsorbed, with the recycling being powered by the low energy heat source. In one embodiment, the adsorption-desorption cycle provides a chemical compressor that is powered by the low energy heat source, and the compressor is connected to a regenerative gas turbine having a high energy, high temperature heat source with the recycling being powered by the low energy heat source.

Abstract: An energy conversion system for the production of power from hot fluid sources which may contain dissolved solutes and undesirable noncondensable gases is disclosed in which direct heat transfer is utilized by said hot fluid sources to vaporize a working fluid which is then in turn utilized for the production of power. In the given system the working fluid is employed in such a manner as to blanket the appropriate interior surfaces of the apparatus thus preventing contamination by any of the dissolved solutes which subsequently may have precipitated out during the energy conversion stage of the power. Also disclosed is a modification of said energy conversion system whereby any loss of the said working fluid is prevented, thereby eliminating the necessity of their replacement, so that the given system can operate for extended periods of time without the added expense of providing for make-up fluid.

Abstract: A method of recovering energy by means of a cyclic thermodynamic process which is induced by means of a medium comprising at least two substances or groups of substances, one of which substances is separated from the other at a point w' defining a first thermodynamic parameter of the medium and combined with the other one of said substances at a second point w" defining second thermodynamic parameter of the medium while a differential in total pressure of the medium is maintained between the two points. The separation and combination of the two substances are induced by diffusion whereby one of the substances or groups of substances is diffused out of the other one of the substances or groups of substances at the first point and diffused into the other substances at the second point.

Abstract: A solar reactor combustion chamber is disclosed which includes a concrete or other suitable housing having a reactor chamber and a combustion chamber therein. A solar intensifier, such as a parabolic reflector, is mounted on top of the reactor housing. The parabolic reflector collects and intensifies solar rays and guides them through a solar sight glass, mounted on top of the housing, into the reactor chamber. The concentrated beam of light is directed onto a light disperser within the reactor chamber which disperses solar rays throughout the chamber. Molecular hydrogen and chlorine is conducted into the reactor chamber wherein in the presence of light the chlorine molecules expand into atomic chlorine. The chlorine and hydrogen molecules are forced into the combustion chamber together with oxygen wherein the chlorine and hydrogen react with controlled explosive violence to form HCl. The heat and pressure thus formed are utilized to heat or drive suitable utilization devices, such as turbines or pistons.

Abstract: A waste heat recovery system for an internal combustion engine having a mixture of ammonia and water used in the cooling system. The hose and radiator portion of the cooling system is protected from high pressures within the water jacket by a pressure regulator valve. A pump is provided for pumping the coolant from the low pressure system to the high pressure system. Water vapor leaving the water jacket with the ammonia vapor is removed and returned to the water jacket by means of a rectifier. The ammonia vapor is super heated by engine exhaust gases and is then used to drive a turbine. The ammonia gas which has been cooled by expansion in the turbine is used to cool a secondary fluid before the ammonia is returned to the radiator absorber. The secondary fluid cooled by the returning ammonia vapor is used to provide cooling for the rectifier.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the use of hydrides to exhaust heat from one temperature source and deliver the thermal energy extracted for use at a higher temperature, thereby acting as a heat pump. For this purpose there are employed a pair of hydridable metal compounds having different characteristics working together in a closed pressure system employing a high temperature source to upgrade the heat supplied from a low temperature source.

Abstract: A gaseous fluid is combined with a liquid to form a transient foam for processing the fluid as by compression, expansion, condensation, heat exchange or chemical reaction.

Abstract: A rotary engine includes an outer body arranged to rotate on a stationary member, the outer body having an eccentric circular cavity cooperating with radial vanes from the stationary body which sequentially reciprocate so that a series of volumes sequentially increase and decrease in size. Ammonia gas under pressure is introduced on one side of the vanes and when the volumes containing the gas pass their maximum value and start to decrease, water is injected which is immediately absorbed in the ammonia gas to create a vacuum. As a consequence, a push-pull action is provided in each volume to rotate the outer member about the stationary member. A tire may be held on the outer member to provide a vehicle wheel which serves simultaneously as a rolling support and a driving engine for the vehicle.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for high volume distillation of impure liquid comprises evaporating the impure liquid in an evaporator to form a vapor at a temperature above the freezing point and at or below the boiling point of said liquid at atmospheric pressure and at a pressure corresponding to the evaporation temperature under saturated conditions; compressing said vapor adiabatically; admixing in a mixing chamber the compressed vapor under substantially isobaric conditions directly with hot gases having a temperature sufficiently greater than the temperature of the compressed vapor that the resulting vapor-gas mixture temperature is greater than the temperature of the compressed vapor prior to the mixing; passing the vapor-gas mixture through an expansion engine to motivate the engine and to produce shaft energy, whereby the vapor-gas mixture adiabatically expands and cools; compressing the expanded vapor-gas mixture adiabatically in an independently powered compressor to a predetermined pressure corresponding

Abstract: An open cycle energy conversion system adaptable for use with, inter alia, solar collectors and other sources of available heat for increasing the temperature of a moving gas and employing a substantially vertically positioned gas expanding column comprising an endless arrangement of cups journaled for movement in a closed path in a liquid medium in the column for trapping the heated gas inside a succession of the cups inverted at the bottom of the column and displacing at least a part of the liquid in the cups, thereby providing a buoyancy force on the cups causing them to rise in the column exerting a rotating force on the endless arrangement of cups. The trapped gas is released at the top of the liquid in the column to be exhausted to atmosphere.