Abstract: A machine designed as a centrifugal compressor is applied as an organic rankine cycle turbine by operating the machine in reverse. In order to accommodate the higher pressures when operating as a turbine, a suitable refrigerant is chosen such that the pressures and temperatures are maintained within established limits. Such an adaptation of existing, relatively inexpensive equipment to an application that may be otherwise uneconomical, allows for the convenient and economical use of energy that would be otherwise lost by waste heat to the atmosphere.

Abstract: A waste heat recovery system for an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine includes first and second raised temperature portions. The raised temperature is higher at the first portion than at the second portion. A first evaporating portion generates a first vapor from the first raised temperature portion. A second evaporating portion generates a second vapor from the second raised temperature portion and with a lower pressure than the first vapor. First and second energy converting portions of a displacement type expander converts expansion energy of the first and second vapor into mechanical energy. A condenser and a supply pump are also provided.

Abstract: An integrated system to provide both heat and electric power. The integrated, or cogeneration, system operates with an organic working fluid that circulates in a Rankine-type cycle, where the organic working fluid is superheated by a heat source, expanded through an involute spiral wrap (scroll) expander such that the organic working fluid remains superheated through the expander, cooled in a condenser, and pressurized by a pump. Heat exchange loops within the system define hot water production capability for use in space heating and domestic hot water, while the generator is coupled to the scroll expander to generate electricity.

Abstract: A power plant for a use device wherein liquid nitrogen and a heated transfer fluid are alternately used to expand and contract a liquid metal like mercury to drive a piston, a crankshaft, and subsequent drive apparatus. A control device is timed with operation of the piston to control various solenoid valves and pumps to cause liquid nitrogen to flow into a jacket around a reservoir containing the liquid metal thereby causing it to cool and move the piston in a return stroke. When appropriate, the heated transfer fluid is pumped into a different enclosure of the jacket to force out remaining nitrogen and thereby to heat the liquid metal and move the piston in a power stroke. The process continues so as to provide continuous power to the use device.

Abstract: Electricity is produced by taking advantage of the differences in the physical properties of carbon dioxide as compared to air. The amount of expansion of CO2 makes it possible to push a piston forcing water through a turbine to produce electricity. CO2 is not lost since it is not allowed to pass through the water turbine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a heat-producing plant having a chamber (2) for burning chlorine-containing fuels and a channel (3) connected with said chamber, in which a plurality of consecutive heat-transferring devices (5, 5′, 5″) are located, which can heated by hot flue gas which flows through the channel in the direction from the combustion chamber (2) towards an outlet (4). The flue gas is conditioned by addition of a sulphur-containing additive that is injected into the flue gas downstream a combustion zone and upstream that heat-transferring device (5) being the first to be hit by the flue gas. By means of the additive, alkaline chlorides in the flue gas is sulphated, with the aim of reducing chlorine-induced corrosion of the heat-transferring devices.

Abstract: A new thermodynamic cycle is disclosed for converting energy from a low temperature stream from an external source into useable energy using a working fluid comprising of a mixture of a low boiling component and a high boiling component. The cycle is designed to improve the efficiency of the energy extraction process by mixing into an intermediate liquid stream an enriched liquid stream from which the energy from the external source stream is extracted in a vaporization step and converted to energy in an expansion step. The new thermodynamic process and the system for accomplishing it are especially well-suited for streams from low-temperature geothermal sources.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device to generate mechanical work with a steam engine that works with a closed circuit and that has a feed water tank, a feed pump, an evaporator to generate steam, the steam engine, and a condenser. The invention is based on the problem of keeping a device of the initially cited kind free of damage from freezing water when the device is not operating and the environmental temperatures are low. To this end, an inert gas in the feed water tank (10) is used to expel the feed water from the other part (36) of the circuit to the feed water tank (10). This is done by switching a valve arrangement. The feed water tank (10) is designed so that it will not be damaged, for example by exploding from freezing water inside. The advantages of the closed circuit are retained. To restart the device, the system is reheated, and the valve arrangement only has to be switched back to the position suitable for normal operation.

Abstract: A new system and method for extracting useful work from geothermal streams is disclosed. The systems and methods of this invention can achieve an estimated 20 to 30% improvement in output efficiency. The increased efficiency is derived from a secondary energy conversion step involving a low pressure vapor stream of variable composition and a low pressure turbine, which expands the vapor stream to produce the improved efficiency.

Abstract: In a vehicle designed so that a driven wheel is driven by uniting an output from an engine and an output from a Rankine cycle system to each other, an accelerator pedal and a throttle valve are connected electrically to each other by a DBW control unit. When an accelerator opening degree (&thgr;ap) commanded by a driver is increased, a throttle opening degree (&thgr;th) is increased by a correcting amount (&Dgr;&thgr;th) more than a value proportional to the accelerator opening degree (&thgr;ap), thereby compensating for an output shortage due to a response delay of the output from the Rankine cycle system. When the accelerator opening degree (&thgr;ap) commanded by the driver is decreased, the throttle opening degree (&thgr;th) is decreased by the correcting amount (&Dgr;&thgr;th) more than the value proportional to the accelerator opening degree (&thgr;ap), thereby compensating for an output excessiveness due to the response delay of the output from the Rankine cycle system.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for generating electricity for use with liquid hydrogen storage facility. The system includes a liquid hydrogen storage tank with a pressure relief. An energy conversion device is connected to the pressure relief valve an converts the hydrogen into rotational energy to operate an electrical generator. Electricity created by the generator can be fed back to operate ancillary loads in the facility, or sold for use in a main electrical grid.

Abstract: Retrofit equipment includes an auxiliary gas turbine unit including an auxiliary compressor for compressing ambient air to produce compressed air, a solar collector that receives the compressed air for heating the same to produce heated compressed air, and an auxiliary turbine coupled to the auxiliary compressor and to an auxiliary generator for expanding the heated compressed air and driving the auxiliary compressor and auxiliary generator thereby producing power and hot exhaust gases. When solar insolation is available, a flow control selectively supplies the hot exhaust gases from the retrofit equipment to a boiler which is part of a conventional fossil fueled power plant. The boiler has heat exchanger coils containing water and receives hot exhaust gases for vaporizing water in the coils and producing steam which is supplied to a steam turbine coupled to a generator for expanding steam produced by the boiler, and driving the generator and producing power and expanded steam.

Abstract: The present invention comprises, in one embodiment, a process for producing energy through a thermodynamic cycle comprising transforming a first working fluid having at least two components into usable energy and a first exhaust stream; diverting at least a portion of the first exhaust stream to form a diverted first exhaust stream; transferring heat from the diverted first exhaust stream to the first working fluid, thereby partially condensing the diverted first exhaust stream to form a partially condensed diverted first exhaust stream; separating the partially condensed diverted first exhaust stream into a vapor stream and a liquid stream; and transforming the vapor stream into usable energy. The present invention also comprises a system for producing energy through novel implementation of a thermodynamic cycle.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating power is provided. Nitrogen gas is compressed by a compressor so as to provide liquid nitrogen of a predetermined temperature. A gaseous refrigerant is passed through the compressed nitrogen so as to condense the refrigerant. The condensed refrigerant is passed through the ambient air having a predetermined temperature such that the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant increase. The expansion of the refrigerant in a turbine drives a generator that, in turn, generates power.

Abstract: Rotary type fluid machine includes a casing 7, a rotor 31 and a plurality of vane-piston units U1-U12 which are disposed in a radiate arrangement on the rotor 31. Each of the vane-piston units U1-U12 has a vane 42 sliding in a rotor chamber 14 and a piston 41 placed in abutment against an on-slide side of the vane 42. When it functions as an expanding machine 4, the expansion of a high pressure gas is used to operate the pistons 41 thereby to rotate the rotor 31 via vanes 42 and the expansion of a low pressure gas caused by a pressure reduction in the high pressure gas is used to rotate the rotor 31 via the vanes 41. On the other hand, when it functions as a compressing machine, the rotation of rotor 31 is used to supply a low pressure air to the side of pistons 41 via vanes 42 and further, the pistons 41 are operated by the vanes 42 to convert the low pressure air to the high pressure air.

Abstract: Cascading Closed Loop Cycle (CCLC) and Super Cascading Closed Loop Cycle (Super-CCLC) systems are described for recovering power in the form of mechanical or electrical energy from the waste heat of a steam turbine system. The waste heat from the boiler and steam condenser is recovered by vaporizing propane or other light hydrocarbon fluids in multiple indirect heat exchangers; expanding the vaporized propane in multiple cascading expansion turbines to generate useful power; and condensing to a liquid using a cooling system. The liquid propane is then pressurized with pumps and returned to the indirect heat exchangers to repeat the vaporization, expansion, liquefaction and pressurization cycle in a closed, hermetic process.

Abstract: Rotary type fluid machine includes a casing 7, a rotor 31 and a plurality of vane-piston units U1-U12 which are disposed in a radiate arrangement on the rotor 31. Each of the vane-piston units U1-U12 has a vane 42 sliding in a rotor chamber 14 and a piston 41 placed in abutment against a non-slide side of the vane 42. When it functions as an expanding machine 4, the expansion of a high pressure gas is used to operate the pistons 41 thereby to rotate the rotor 31 via vanes 42 and the expansion of a low pressure gas caused by a pressure reduction in the high pressure gas is used to rotate the rotor 31 via the vanes 41. On the other hand, when it functions as a compressing machine, the rotation of rotor 31 is used to supply a low pressure air to the side of pistons 41 via vanes 42 and further, the pistons 41 are operated by the vanes 42 to convert the low pressure air to the high pressure air.

Abstract: A low or no pollution engine is provided for delivering power for vehicles or other power applications. The engine has an air inlet which collects air from a surrounding environment. At least a portion of the nitrogen in the air is removed. The remaining gas is primarily oxygen, which is then routed to a gas generator. The gas generator has inputs for the oxygen and a hydrocarbon fuel. The fuel and oxygen are combusted within the gas generator, forming water and carbon dioxide. The combustion products are then expanded through a power generating device, such as a turbine or piston expander to deliver output power for operation of a vehicle or other power uses. The combustion products are then passed through a condenser where the steam is condensed and the carbon dioxide is collected or discharged. A portion of the water is routed back to the gas generator. The carbon dioxide is compressed and delivered to a terrestrial formation from which return of the CO2 into the atmosphere is inhibited.

Abstract: A gas transfer system and method for dissolving at least one gas into a liquid. The system includes a gas transfer vessel also known as a reactor. A liquid inlet feed is connected to the reactor for transferring the liquid into the reactor. A gas inlet is connected to the reactor for feeding the gas into the reactor. An outlet is connected to the reactor for transferring the liquid with at least some of the gas therein away from the reactor. The system also includes a feed pump connected to the inlet feed to pressurize the contents of the inlet feed and the reactor, and a regenerative turbine connected to the feed pump and to the outlet. The various embodiments of the gas transfer system use pressurization in the gas transfer vessel to enhance gas transfer therein, minimize the net energy consumption, and retain highly supersaturated dissolved gas in solution. Some embodiments further help to reduce effervescence loss.

Abstract: Rotary type fluid machine includes a casing 7, a rotor 31 and a plurality of vane-piston units U1-U12 which are disposed in a radiate arrangement on the rotor 31. Each of the vane-piston units U1-U12 has a vane 42 sliding in a rotor chamber 14 and a piston 41 placed in abutment against a non-slide side of the vane 42. When it functions as an expanding machine 4, the expansion of a high pressure gas is used to operate the pistons 41 thereby to rotate the rotor 31 via vanes 42 and the expansion of a low pressure gas caused by a pressure reduction in the high pressure gas is used to rotate the rotor 31 via the vanes 41. On the other hand, when it functions as a compressing machine, the rotation of rotor 31 is used to supply a low pressure air to the side of pistons 41 via vanes 42 and further, the pistons 41 are operated by the vanes 42 to convert the low pressure air to the high pressure air.

Abstract: The present invention permits determination of steady-state off-design performance characteristics of a vehicle, such as a torpedo, powered by a closed cycle thermal propulsion system. The method may be utilized to determine propellant consumption for a torpedo resulting from various off-design kinematic maneuvers. Total run time may be calculated in response to a plurality of torpedo speed changes and/or torpedo configurations of variable torpedo length or torpedo diameter. The present invention may be utilized to define weapon design options for existing or future underwater weapons with mission requirements different from those for which the weapons were originally designed.

Abstract: It is proposed that, during the operation of a steam turbine of a steam power plant, the internal pressure and also the internal temperature and, in the region outside it, the external temperature be determined in at least one steam-carrying component. As a result of a change in the operating state, in particular in the event of a load change, then, the abovementioned values vary, so that, under some circumstances, the mechanical stresses which in this case act on the steam-carrying component become unacceptably high. Consequently, a spatial temperature distribution and a reference stress of the steam-carrying component are determined from the abovementioned values and compared with a material limit stress. If the reference stress is greater than the material limit stress, a limit steam pressure desired value is determined, and at least one steam valve is set in such a way that the steam pressure on the steam-carrying component corresponds approximately to this limit steam pressure desired value.

Abstract: A power plant for a use device wherein liquid nitrogen and a heated transfer fluid are alternately used to expand and contract a liquid metal like mercury to drive a piston, a crankshaft, and subsequent drive apparatus. A control device is timed with operation of the piston to control various solenoid valves and pumps to cause liquid nitrogen to flow into a jacket around a reservoir containing the liquid metal thereby causing it to cool and move the piston in a return stroke. When appropriate, the heated transfer fluid is pumped into a different enclosure of the jacket to force out remaining nitrogen and thereby to heat the liquid metal and move the piston in a power stroke. The process continues so as to provide continuous power to the use device.

Abstract: A micro combined heat and power system includes at least a heat source, an expander, a condenser, a pump, recuperator and conduit for circulating a working fluid. After the working fluid is expanded, its thermodynamic properties allow it to remain in a superheated state so that it selectively can give up at least a portion of its excess heat first to the recuperator and then to the condenser, which can then subsequently exchange heat with a circulating air, water or related loop to provide space heat or domestic hot water that can be used, for example, to heat a dwelling. The amount of heat exchange in the recuperator can be adjusted to allow the output ratio of heat to electricity to be varied while maximizing overall system efficiency. Additional componentry, such as an accumulator, enhances system operability by smoothing out working fluid flow rates during transitional operation, such as start-up and shut-down.

Abstract: A gas transfer system and method for dissolving at least one gas into a liquid. The system includes a gas transfer vessel also known as a reactor. A liquid inlet feed is connected to the reactor for transferring the liquid into the reactor. A gas inlet is connected to the reactor for feeding the gas into the reactor. An outlet is connected to the reactor for transferring the liquid with at least some of the gas therein away from the reactor. The system also includes a feed pump connected to the inlet feed to pressurize the contents of the inlet feed and the reactor, and a regenerative turbine connected to the feed pump and to the outlet. The various embodiments of the gas transfer system use pressurization in the gas transfer vessel to enhance gas transfer therein, minimize the net energy consumption, and retain highly supersaturated dissolved gas in solution. Some embodiments further help to reduce effervescence loss.

Abstract: An electrical energy-generating heat sink system is described herein that provides a convenient and economical method for continuously recharging an energy storage device in electronic devices.

Abstract: The present invention comprises, in one embodiment, a process for producing energy through a thermodynamic cycle comprising transforming a first working fluid having at least two components into usable energy and a first exhaust stream; diverting at least a portion of the first exhaust stream to form a diverted first exhaust stream; transferring heat from the diverted first exhaust stream to the first working fluid, thereby partially condensing the diverted first exhaust stream to form a partially condensed diverted first exhaust stream; separating the partially condensed diverted first exhaust stream into a vapor stream and a liquid stream; and transforming the vapor stream into usable energy. The present invention also comprises a system for producing energy through novel implementation of a thermodynamic cycle.

Abstract: An integrated system to provide both heat and electric power. The integrated, or cogeneration, system operates with an organic working fluid that circulates in a Rankine-type cycle, where the organic working fluid is superheated by a heat source, expanded through an involute spiral wrap (scroll) expander such that the organic working fluid remains superheated through the expander, cooled in a condenser, and pressurized by a pump. Heat exchange loops within the system define hot water production capability for use in space heating and domestic hot water, while the generator is coupled to the scroll expander to generate electricity.

Abstract: An engine has a chamber (3) accommodating a rotor (5) providing shaft power from the expansion in the chamber (3) of a refrigerated or compressed drive fluid admitted to the chamber (3). A heat-exchange liquid is also admitted to the chamber (3). The heat-exchange liquid gives up heat energy to the expanding drive fluid in the chamber (3), and the cooled heat-exchange fluid is withdrawn from the chamber by a return pipe (16), passed through a heat exchanger (20) to raise its temperature to ambient <and then reintroduced into the chamber (3).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for efficiently generating mechanical or electrical energy. The method includes the steps of heating a vaporizable, first liquid heat transfer medium to generate a high pressure vapor; utilizing the high pressure vapor to provide mechanical energy and thereafter condensing the vapor to a liquid; and recycling the condensed liquid to the heating step for re-use as the first liquid heat transfer medium. The apparatus includes a closed loop heat transfer medium system having a first heat exchanger for heating a vaporizable, first liquid heat transfer medium to generate a high pressure vapor; a mechanical device which utilizes the high pressure vapor to provide mechanical energy; a condenser for condensing the vapor to a liquid; and piping for fluidly connecting the first heat exchanger, mechanical device and condenser, and for recycling the condensed liquid to the first heat exchanger for re-use.

Abstract: A waste heat recovery system for an internal combustion engine is provided, which is configured as follows. The internal combustion engine (1) generates first and second raised temperature portions (202, 204) by operation thereof. A degree of raised temperature is higher at the first raised temperature portion (202) than at the second raised temperature portion (204). A first evaporating portion (205) of evaporating device (3) generates a first vapor with raised temperature by using the first raised temperature portion (202). A second evaporating portion (206) generates a second vapor with raised temperature by using the second raised temperature portion (204) and with a lower pressure than the first vapor. A first energy converting portion (207) of a displacement type expander (4) converts an expansion energy of the first vapor into a mechanical energy. A second energy converting portion (208) converts an expansion energy of the second vapor into a mechanical energy.

Abstract: An electrical energy-generating heat sink system is described herein that provides a convenient and economical method for continuously recharging an energy storage device in electronic devices.

Abstract: The invention relates to an integrated power plant, which burns fuel using an oxygen-enriched stream in a combustion furnace and converts emissions of air pollutants and carbon dioxide into byproducts. The combustion flue gas stream, after leaving an economizer of a steam generation system, splits into stream A and stream B. Stream A recirculates back to the combustion furnace through the first flue gas recirculation fan for combustion temperature control. Stream B, after passing through a dust collector for fly ash removal, a series of condensers for byproduct recovery, and the second flue gas recirculation fan, mixes with an oxygen-enriched stream from an air separation unit and flows back to the combustion furnace. The plant does not need an exhaust stack and does not discharge combustion flue gases into the atmosphere.

Abstract: This invention proposes innovative techniques of NOx reduction in boiler operation through an adaptation of staged combustion in combustion boilers. In preferred processes, air is fed into an air separation unit, and a nitrogen-enriched stream is combined with air to produce a nitrogen-enriched first stage air stream, and at least a portion of an oxygen-enriched stream is mixed with air to produce an oxygen-enriched second stage air stream. A reduction in NOx and increase in efficiency is promoted by the inventive processes and systems.

Abstract: This invention proposes innovative techniques of NOx reduction in boiler operation through an adaptation of staged combustion in combustion boilers. In preferred processes, air is fed into an air separation unit, and a nitrogen-enriched stream is combined with air to produce a nitrogen-enriched first stage air stream, and at least a portion of an oxygen-enriched stream is mixed with air to produce an oxygen-enriched second stage air stream. A reduction in NOx and increase in efficiency is promoted by the inventive processes and systems.

Abstract: An electrical energy-generating heat sink system is described herein that provides a convenient and economical method for continuously recharging an energy storage device in electronic devices.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for efficiently generating mechanical or electrical energy. The method includes the steps of heating a vaporizable, first liquid heat transfer medium to generate a high pressure vapor; utilizing the high pressure vapor to provide mechanical energy and thereafter condensing the vapor to a liquid; and recycling the condensed liquid to the heating step for re-use as the first liquid heat transfer medium. The apparatus includes a closed loop heat transfer medium system having a first heat exchanger for heating a vaporizable, first liquid heat transfer medium to generate a high pressure vapor; a mechanical device which utilizes the high pressure vapor to provide mechanical energy; a condenser for condensing the vapor to a liquid; and piping for fluidly connecting the first heat exchanger, mechanical device and condenser, and for recycling the condensed liquid to the first heat exchanger for re-use.

Abstract: A closed loop Rankine bottoming cycle including a heat exchanger coupled to an exhaust port of a first turbogenerator for heating a pressurized refrigerant into a gaseous phase, and a second turbogenerator (e.g., a turbo expander) coupled to the heat exchanger for expanding the gaseous phase so as to create power. Also included is a cooling mechanism coupled to an exhaust of the second turbogenerator for cooling the gaseous phase exhausted by the second turbogenerator into a liquid phase, and a pumping mechanism for pressurizing the liquid phase into the pressurized refrigerant heated by the heat exchanger. A computer program product and method for operating and synchronizing the generator included in the closed loop, so as to optimize the overall system efficiency is also included.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing power and desalinated water from geothermal fluid according to the present invention comprises: a geothermal power plant that produces power from geothermal fluid supplied thereto; means for supplying sea water to the condenser of said geothermal power plant that produces heated sea water; and a desalination plant to which the heated sea water is supplied and which produces drinking water. Preferably, the geothermal power plant that produces power comprises an organic Rankine cycle geothermal power plant that produces power. Alternatively, the geothermal power plant that produces power comprises an organic combined cycle Rankine cycle geothermal power plant that produces power. In a further alternative, the geothermal power plant that produces power comprises a closed cycle steam geothermal power plant that produces power. In a still further alternative, the geothermal power plant that produces power comprises an ammonia cycle geothermal power plant that produces power.

Abstract: Apparatus for generating power includes a gas turbine unit having a compressor for compressing ambient air and producing compressed air, a combustion chamber to which the compressed air is supplied, a source of relatively high grade fuel for burning in the combustion chamber and producing combustion gases, and a gas turbine connected to generator and to the compressor for expanding the combustion gases and producing exhaust gases. The apparatus further includes a combustor that burns relatively low grade fuel, and produces combustion products, and an indirect contact heat exchanger responsive to the combustion products for heating the compressed air before the latter is applied to the combustion chamber, and for producing cooled combustion products. In addition, an energy converter is provided having an organic working fluid responsive to the exhaust gases for converting heat in the exhaust gases to electricity.

Abstract: A system for employing the Coriolis effect for the generation and/or storage of energy generally comprises a vortex chamber for rotational acceleration therein of superheated, supersaturated water vapor and heated air and a water intake assembly and an adjustable air intake assembly each in fluid communication with the vortex chamber. The water intake assembly is adapted to deliver a directed flow of superheated water vapor to a lower portion of the vortex chamber while the air intake assembly is adapted to deliver a flow of heated air to the lower portion of said vortex chamber. The air intake assembly comprises an electrical generator operable by airflow drawn from the air intake assembly.

Abstract: A Stirling engine includes a grooved cam drive mechanism with followers having a pair of longitudinally displaced bearings. One roller bearing is adapted to ride along an upper surface of the cam groove, while the other roller bearing is adapted to ride along a lower surface of the cam groove. Each follower includes an outer shaft on which a first bearing is mounted, and an inner shaft extending through the outer shaft on which a second bearing is mounted. A preferably annular space is provided between the inner and outer shafts when the follower is in an unloaded state. Then, when the follower is engaged within the grooved cam, the inner shaft is cantilevered relative to outer shaft within the annular space and results in pre-loading the first bearing against one inner surface of the groove cam and the second bearing against an opposite inner surface of the grooved cam.

Abstract: A method of conducting a process involving the generation of steam in which a hot process stream is generated. The hot process stream can be generated in any manner and can include a burner section of a steam methane reformer, a gas turbine of an integrated combined cycle, a combustion chamber used to pre-heat incoming air and oxygen for a blast furnace, an oxygen transport membrane system, and a gas turbine or natural gas engine that provided to compress air in a cryogenic air separation unit. Heat from the hot process stream is transferred to a thermoacoustic engine to recover work at high temperatures and to generate an intermediate temperature process stream therefrom. The intermediate temperature process stream is introduced to a steam generator to generate the steam.

Abstract: A thermodynamic power system has a low-temperature closed bottoming cycle using a first working fluid (first gas) and open or closed modified Brayton topping cycles using a second working fluid (second gas). In the bottoming cycle a mixture of a first gas such as helium or hydrogen and a fine dispersed low-temperature non-freezable lubricating liquid is polytropically compressed in a compressor and then the liquid content is separated from the first gas. The separated first gas is isobarically heated using heat from the second gas and then the heated first gas is adiabatically expanded and cooled while performing useful work and thereafter is fed to the compressor and mixed with the separated liquid to serve as a coolant and facilitate rejection of polytropic heat and to supplement the cool gas/liquid mixture providing polytropic compression of the first gas and thus completing the bottoming cycle.

Abstract: An integrated system to provide both heat and electric power. The integrated, or cogeneration, system operates with an organic working fluid that circulates in a Rankine-type cycle, where the organic working fluid is superheated by a heat source, expanded through an involute spiral wrap (scroll) expander such that the organic working fluid remains superheated through the expander, cooled in a condenser, and pressurized by a pump. Heat exchange loops within the system define hot water production capability for use in space heating and domestic hot water, while the generator is coupled to the scroll expander to generate electricity.

Abstract: Rotary type fluid machine includes a casing 7, a rotor 31 and a plurality of vane-piston units U1-U12 which are disposed in a radiate arrangement on the rotor 31. Each of the vane-piston units U1-U12 has a vane 42 sliding in a rotor chamber 14 and a piston 41 placed in abutment against a non-slide side of the vane 42. When it functions as an expanding machine 4, the expansion of a high pressure gas is used to operate the pistons 41 thereby to rotate the rotor 31 via vanes 42 and the expansion of a low pressure gas caused by a pressure reduction in the high pressure gas is used to rotate the rotor 31 via the vanes 41. On the other hand, when it functions as a compressing machine, the rotation of rotor 31 is used to supply a low pressure air to the side of pistons 41 via vanes 42 and further, the pistons 41 are operated by the vanes 42 to convert the low pressure air to the high pressure air.

Abstract: An externally fired gas turbine system according to the present invention has a compressor for compressing ambient air and producing compressed air, an air heat exchanger for heating the compressed air to produce heated compressed air, a turbine for expanding the heated compressed air to produce heat depleted expanded air, and a generator connected to the turbine for generating electricity. According to the present invention, the system also includes combustible products producing apparatus for processing fuel to produce combustible products that include combustible gases and an external combustion chamber for burning the combustible products and transferring heat to the air heat exchanger and producing heat depleted combustion products. The system also includes a closed Rankine cycle steam power plant having a water heat exchanger for vaporizing water and producing steam using heat contained in the heat depleted combustion products.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing uninterruptible power upon loss of power from an electric grid, comprising at least one hot standby organic Rankine cycle turbine system including a vapor turbine and a generator for producing power upon loss of power from the electric grid; a control unit for sensing loss of power from the electric grid and activating the hot standby organic Rankine cycle turbine system; and means for rotating the turbine when power is available from the electric grid.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the manufacture of a cryogenic vapor powered vehicle via the efficient onboard production of air cryogen (liquid air) produced from atmospheric air and a method to impart heat (thermal energy) to the produced cryogen to vaporize the cryogen into energetic cryogenic vapor, having high kinetic energy, capable of generating substantial work, including powering rotary vane motors attached to the axles of the vehicle next to the vehicle's wheels

Abstract: Apparatus for producing power and desalinated water from geothermal fluid according to the present invention comprises: a geothermal power plant that produces power from geothermal fluid supplied thereto; means for supplying sea water to the condenser of said geothermal power plant that produces heated sea water; and a desalination plant to which the heated sea water is supplied and which produces drinking water. Preferably, the geothermal power plant that produces power comprises an organic Rankine cycle geothermal power plant that produces power. Alternatively, the geothermal power plant that produces power comprises an organic combined cycle Rankine cycle geothermal power plant that produces power. In a further alternative, the geothermal power plant that produces power comprises a closed cycle steam geothermal power plant that produces power. In a still further alternative, the geothermal power plant that produces power comprises an ammonia cycle geothermal power plant that produces power.