Abstract: Overlapping liner plates 12, 14, 16 are secured at the upstream end to support surface 22. Cooling air 26 supplied through compartmental plenums 24 passes between (54) the plates and over (56) the plate surface. Complementary elongated depressions 40, 46 selectively guide the airflow and provide flexibility to absorb transverse expansions.

Abstract: The holes in a liner for an augmentor for a gas turbine engine are reoriented so that cooling air admitted into the gas path is directed tangentially to the liner wall instead of radially and the opening defines a scoop that enhances turbulence adjacent the outer diameter of the liner to improve its heat transfer characteristics, and the method of reorienting said holes.

Abstract: An air admission insert particularly adapted for air admission holes in a combustor liner in a gas turbine combustion system comprises a pair of sleeve members, one of which is inserted in the other in axial but eccentric relationship so that the sides of the sleeves contact each other with the intervening space between the sleeves being crescent shaped. The insert is positioned concentrically in a combustor liner air admission hole. Combustion air flows through the insert and into the combustor liner and axially through the crescent space to cool the insert as well as the liner hold perimeter.

Abstract: Aircraft engine cooling apparatus having a plurality of cooling gas inlet nozzles, producing first streams of cooling gas moving in a forward direction, a plurality of first direction reversal members for splitting the first streams into second and third streams straddling the nozzles, and substantially reversed in direction relative to the direction of the first streams, a plurality of second direction reversal members, positioned between pairs of adjacent nozzles, for again substantially reversing the directions of the second and third streams, while combining the second and third streams to form a fourth stream of laminar flow cooling film, and wherein adjacent pairs of the first direction reversal members have wall portions configured to form gradually diverging channels through which the fourth stream cooling film moves.

Abstract: An augmentor liner cooling holes are judiciously shaped and discretely located so as to optimize film cooling of the liner. The "kidney" shaped holes are circumferentially spaced on the upstream end of each of the corrugations and are preferably paired in two adjacent rows in a staggered configuration so as to lay a generally uniform circumferential layer of film cooling air internally of the liner.

Abstract: A combustor capable of reducing the noxious emissions such as fuel bound and thermal nitrogen oxide products, during combustion of high nitrogen bearing and high aromatic content fuels is disclosed. The combustor includes a plurality of substantially concentric pipes defining annular passages with annular divergent nozzles. The divergent nozzles may be formed by rings having a venturi shaped axial section to facilitate fast mixing of axially supplied air between adjacent annular passages. The longitudinal spacing between at least two adjacent nozzles defines first and second divergent cavities. A fuel rich torodial vortex is formed in proximity to a central fuel jet in the first cavity and advantageously converts fuel bound nitrogen to N.sub.2. A fuel lean torodial vortex formed in the second cavity mixes hot combustion products with additional gaseous reactant to complete the combustion while avoiding locally high temperatures, and thus thermal NOx formation.

Abstract: A new and improved gas turbine engine augmentor including a liner having a film-coolable first portion joined to a convection-coolable second portion is disclosed. A cooling gas, such as fan bypass air, is channeled to the liner for film cooling the first portion and providing a residual cooling film to the second portion. The second portion is also convection coolable by air passing over an outer surface thereof. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the augmentor liner also includes a screech portion disposed at an upstream end of the first portion and downstream of a flameholder. The screech portion includes a substantially imperforate outer wall and an inner wall spaced therefrom which define a manifold therebetween. The inner wall includes a plurality of apertures in flow communication with the combustion zone. The manifold and apertures are effective for suppressing screech while substantially preventing the leakage of cooling air therethrough.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cooling film device for the combustion chamber of a turbomachine is described in which a blank is machined to provide a substantially cylindrical upstream wall and an enlarged downstream part of generally frusto-conical shape, an inner recess open at the downstream end is machined in the downstream part to constitute an inner wing and an outer wing, the wings are machined and deformed to define a settling chamber which converges in the downstream direction to an annular outlet slit, and the radial upstream end wall of the settling chamber is drilled to provide a plurality of small air inlet holes.

Abstract: A seal assembly secured to the downstream end of a gas turbine engine combustor liner forms a gas path seal at the upstream facing platforms of turbine inlet guide vanes and also cools the vane platforms. The seal assembly includes an annular coolant compartment which feeds cooling air to a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart, axially extending open-ended channels formed between a conical portion of the downstream-most combustor liner and an annular baffle member disposed on the non-gas path side of the conical liner. The seal assembly is supported and axially located on a cylindrical surface which permits locating the seal assembly such that the downstream end of the conical liner is closely spaced from the turbine inlet guide vane platforms to reduce leakage from the gas path.

Abstract: A cooling system for providing a layer of relatively cool gas (28) adjacent the surface of a duct (24) carrying a flow of relatively hot gas (22) includes an elongated louver nozzle (32), an elongated plenum (40) and one or more crosswise dividers (42) for separating the plenum and nozzle into a plurality of individual segments (40, 40a; 32, 32a) having sized supply orifices (44, 44a) disposed therein.

Abstract: A liner cooling construction for a gas turbine combustor or the like in which twisted or helical tapes in the spaces defined between the liner walls and the partition walls cause the cooling air to swirl so that the efficient cooling of the liner walls can be ensured.

Abstract: An assembly of stacked rings is provided to form the cylindrical section of a combustor such as used in a gas turbine engine. Each ring is force-fitted into its adjacent ring and joined to it, as by brazing, to form a unitary structure. The rings are configured to assure proper alignment when fitted together and provide a space for holding brazing material immediately adjacent to the mating surfaces to be joined so that the brazing material, when fused in a vacuum furnace, flows evenly between the surfaces. To assure proper distribution of the brazing material when fused, one of the mating surfaces may be upset, as by knurling, to a dimension assuring a light force-fit of the parts to be joined. Each ring also includes a shaped portion projecting into the interior of the assembly for directing cooling air, introduced through the side walls of the rings, along the interior surfaces of the assembly to protect it from high temperature gases generated by combustion of fuel within the combustor.

Abstract: A combustion chamber, such as for a gas turbine engine, includes a protective liner comprised of a plurality of arcuate panels attached to the combustion chamber wall by means of hook-like hangers or lugs integral with and extending radially from the panels through slots in the combustion chamber wall. The lugs hang from retaining strips disposed across a portion of the slots through which the hangers pass. The strips prevent the lugs from being withdrawn from the slots, thereby, positioning the panels radially. Axial and circumferential positioning of the panels is accomplished by means of a close fit between the hangers, slots, and retaining strips. The free floating or nonrigid manner in which the liner panels are attached to the combustion chamber prevents undue stresses from developing in the combustion chamber wall due to the differential thermal growth rates of the combustion chamber wall and the liner panels during engine operation.

Abstract: A fuel system for a turbojet engine is disclosed in which the operating parameters of the engine are improved throughout the range of engine operating conditions. The fuel system includes an enlarged intermediate bowl for the combustion chamber which increases the reactive volume, while at the same time provides sufficient cooling of the bowl to avoid burn-through or uneven engine operating characteristics. The bowl extends radially outwardly beyond an opening in the base of the combustion chamber and defines a row of air inlet orifices which serves to more completely atomize the fuel prior to its ignition. A diaphragm control system may also be utilized to control the amount of air flowing into the bowl as the engine speed changes.

Abstract: A connector assembly 10 is described which permits high pressure connection joints for either high temperature or cryogenic fluid conduits. The assembly 10 comprises in combination a translating carriage 20, a mandrel 50 and a tubular member 70, all including associated functional elements.

Abstract: The liner used in the combustor and other components is fabricated from a cylindrical shell and segmented panels attached to the shell. The attachment includes a self-locking nut and flexible bushing mounted on a post extending from the panel to protrude through a hole formed in a shell, thus permitting assembly in a limited space.

Abstract: A heat shield assembly includes a supporting structure having an outer surface to be shielded from a hot fluid, the supporting structure having cooling fluid ducts formed therein; and an internal lining formed of heat-resistant material, the internal lining including mutually adjacent mushroom-shaped heat shield elements each having a cap portion in the form of a polygonal plate body having a central region, the plate bodies each covering a portion of the outer surface of the supporting structure and defining cooling fluid gaps therebetween, and a shaft portion thermally moveably anchoring the central region of the plate body to the supporting structure.

Abstract: The turbine vanes of a gas turbine engine immediately downstream of the combustor are maintained at a cool temperature by judiciously directing cooling air at the stagnation point ahead of the vane's leading edge at the juncture of the vane's airfoil section and platform.

Abstract: A reverse flow combustion chamber includes an annular chamber enclosed between flame tube wall sections to which cooling air is so supplied from an outer annular channel acted upon with secondary air opposite the main flow direction in the flame tube in such a manner that the cooling air that it is blown out in the opposite flow direction film-like against an adjoining flame tube wall.

Abstract: A refilmer for placing the film of cool air impeded by combustion/dilution air holes of a combustor for a gas turbine engine includes a grommet with a lip extending axially in the combustion chamber. The outer side wall of the grommet is recessed in the area overlying the lip so that when assembled, it forms a gap with the liner exposing the lip to cool air for forming the film. Tabs on the cool air side prevent the grommet from falling into the combustion chamber. The aperture in the grommet is oriented to direct the combustion/dilution air stream at a relative angle to the flow of combustion products. Indexing surfaces on the grommet fixture locates the grommet to the liner prior to being welded into place.

Abstract: A method of fabricating sheet metal panels and the article produced thereby. According to one form, the method of fabrication includes the steps of providing a panel of sheet metal, perforating the panel to provide a plurality of holes, forming the panel into a preselected curve about a longitudinal centerline, forming the leading edge portion of the panel into a front flange, forming a shoulder in the panel centered on the holes and extending perpendicularly from a surface thereof, bending an outer portion of the shoulder into a lip, and bonding the portions of the panel comprising the shoulder and lip.

Abstract: Each panel of the louver liner of the combustor of a gas turbine engine is coated with a ceramic composition on the surface adjacent the combustion zone with a tapered end at the lip of the cooling air film generating mechanism. A second taper may be incorporated at the back side of the lip of the next adjacent cooling air film generating mechanism.

Abstract: A refilmer for the combustion/dilution air hole of a floatwall panel of the combustor of a gas turbine engine carries a 180.degree. lip extending in, the hot gas stream of the combustor having a projection projecting in the combustion/dilution air hole to divert a portion of the air stream to form the film on the inner surface of the segmented panel. The refilmer is formed integrally with the segmented panel and carries a shoulder bearing against the inner surface of the shell defining a spacer. Forming the combustion/dilution air hole integrally with the segmented panel allows the air hole to be located in any efficacious location for effectuating optimum combustion.

Abstract: A combustor for a gas turbine engine including a two-stage burner having first and second combustion and exhaust sections and a burner casing coaxially surrounding the burner to define an annular conduit for reverse flow of inlet air. The burner includes a fuel injector at the upstream end thereof, primary inlet ports introducing 18% of inlet air into the first combustion section, first cooling ports introducing 12% of inlet air into the first combustion section for generating a swirling cooling flow which mixes with primary air after cooling the upstream end of the first combustion section, secondary inlet ports introducing 18% of inlet air into second stage combustion section, second cooling ports introducing 8% of inlet air into the second combustion section to generate a swirling flow which mixes with primary air after cooling the upstream end of the second combustion section, and dilution ports introducing 44% of inlet air into the exhaust section to cool the exhaust gas.

Abstract: The liner of a combustor for a gas turbine engine is constructed to include a refilmer at the combustion/dilution air holes so as to form a film of cool air along the inner surface of the liner in the combustion, that would otherwise be destroyed by the combustion/dilution air.

Abstract: A method of operating a variable geometry combustor for use in a gas turbine propulsion engine.

Abstract: A radial lip of a high temperature combustor liner is mechanically locked in a radially directed capture slot in a supporting shell of a combustor. In one embodiment, the capture slot is formed at abutting edges of shell sections which are joined by a weld bead. The weld bead is accessible for grinding off to provide access to the liner for replacement. In embodiments in which a plurality of liner sections are employed, a downstream end of a liner section overlaps and shields an upstream end of an adjacent liner section including the radial lip thereof to protect the radial lip and capture slot from temperatures in the combustion zone and to channel a sheet flow of film cooling air along an inner surface of the adjacent liner. Positioning bosses may be included between adjacent liner sections for centering.

Abstract: A combustor subassembly for a gas turbine engine, which includes a plurality of modular elements. Each modular element is generally annular and extends from a first axial portion to a second axial portion. The second axial portion is flared inwardly toward the geometric center line of the modular element. The modular elements are disposed in nested, substantially coaxial relationship with successive modular elements spaced axially along a substantially common center line. A plurality of the adjacent modular elements have respective first and second axial portions disposed in overlapping relationship. The overlapping of the modular elements define annular flow passages for directing cooling air into the combustor. Each of a plurality of modular elements include holes therein in the first axial portion at an axial portion thereof which overlaps the second axial portion of another modular element. In addition each of a plurality of the modular elements include holes therein in the second axial portion.

Abstract: A combustion chamber for use in gas turbine engines is provided with a liner formed of a high temperature material. The liner includes a plurality of panels of material mounted by means of a slideable, frictional mounting arrangement upon a high strength structural frame. As a result of this mounting arrangement, the liner is substantially isolated from structural forces associated with the combustion chamber, while the frame is substantially isolated from thermal stresses associated with the liner. Means are provided for positioning and securing individual panel members axially relative to the frame. The panels may be continuous annular bodies, or may be circumferentially segmented. In the latter case, means are provided for mounting individual panels in a slideable, frictional cooperation with laterally adjacent panels, as well as for sealing the abutting junctions. The individual liner panels may be easily removed for repair or replacement without disassembling the frame and associated components.

Abstract: A variable geometry combustor for use in a gas turbine propulsion engine.

Abstract: A combustor for a stationary combustor turbine is provided with a generally tubular sidewall formed from a telescopic arrangement of sidewall ring members. A corrugated spacer band supports the upstream end portion of each sidewall member on the downstream end portion of the next inwardly located sidewall member in the upstream direction. An annular coolant admission slot is thus provided between the sidewall members with the corrugated spacer band located therein.The downstream end portion of each sidewall member extends as an annular lip projecting downstream from the downstream end of the corrugated band to discourage mixing of the hot internal gases with the coolant air flowing as a film through the slot and along the inner sidewall surface.

Abstract: A combustor liner for use between a cooling fluid and hot combustion gases is disclosed. The combustor liner includes portions having different thermal coefficients of expansion so that portions subject to relatively high temperatures have relatively low coefficients of expansion and portions subject to relatively low temperatures have relatively high coefficients of expansion. In this manner, differential thermal expansion is reduced, thereby reducing thermally induced stresses and distortions.

Abstract: A combustion chamber for use in gas turbine engines is provided with a liner formed of a high temperature material. The liner includes a plurality of panels of the material mounted by means of a lost motion mounting arrangement upon a high strength structural frame. As a result of this mounting arrangement, the liner is substantially isolated from structural forces associated with the combustion chamber, while the frame is substantially isolated from thermal stresses associated with the liner. For the purpose of supplying cooling air to the liner panels and frame and cooling air is passed into a plenum to cool the radially outward side of the panels. Transfer means are provided for directing the same air from the plenum to the liner inner surfaces in a cooling film. The liner mounting arrangement disclosed herein is particularly useful with difficult-to-weld liner materials (e.g., oxide dispersion strengthened materials), but its advantages commend its use with other materials also.

Abstract: An improved combustor basket for a land-based combustion turbine comprises a plurality of ring segments joined in telescoping fashion to form a constant diameter basket, the downstream end of each ring segment having an extended lip for improved film cooling of the interior surface of the ring segments, a combustor dome adjoining the upstream end of the combustor basket and having an interior splash plate directing a cooling air film along the interior surface of the dome wall, fuel injecting means, and oval-shaped scoops for directing the flow of compressed air into the combustion zone. Each ring segment, excluding the first, comprises an upstream cylindrical section, a conical section, and a downstream cylindrical section, which geometrical arrangement permits construction of a constant diameter combustor basket. The combined improvements of the present combustor basket result in more efficient and complete combustion, which results in the production of less smoke.

Abstract: A counter flow combustor for regenerative open cycle turbine systems has an outer casing defining a head cavity at one end, an inner casing mounting in said outer casing, said inner casing defining a combustion chamber. An annular insulated partition and support means is connected at its upper end to the inner wall of the outer casing and at its lower end to the discharge outlet end of the inner casing, said inner casing including a cooling and metering wall assembly about the secondary combustion zone having cooling means communicating at one end with a head cavity extension space and at the other end with the secondary combustion zone for delivering heated combustion air thereto and support means on the insulated partition and support means operatively connected to the cooling and metering wall assembly to hold the same in assembled position in the combustor.

Abstract: A cooled wall structure for a gas turbine engine comprises a perforated and an inner wall in which the walls are capable of relative movement to cope with the thermal strains experienced by the combustion chamber during operation of the engine. The inner wall comprises a number of wall elements attached to the outer wall in the manner of overlapping tiles. Each wall element is immovably secured to the outer wall at the mid-point of its downstream end and the sides of each wall element are movably attached to the outer wall adjacent the sides of the downstream end of the wall element.The upstream end of each wall element is located between the outer wall and an adjacent flow in either an upstream or a downstream direction between the walls.The wall elements can have a plurality of raised lands to increase the surface area of the elements and to protect the incoming cooling air against the cross-flow of cooling air already flowing in the wall structure.

Abstract: The walls of the liner of a gas turbine combustor are segmented and disposed axially and circumferentially to define a combustion chamber. The liner is formed by radially spaced walls preferably fabricated from a ceramic or other high temperature brittle material. The wall adjacent the hot combustion products is prestressed at room temperature and the juxtaposed wall is cooperatively shaped to define a supporting frame for the prestressed wall so as to minimize the overall stresses occasioned in the hostile environment to which the prestressed wall is subjected.

Abstract: A combustor liner is fabricated from a plurality of individual segments each containing counter/parallel Finwall material and are arranged circumferentially and axially to define the combustion zone. Each segment is supported by a hook and ring construction to an opened lattice frame with sufficient tolerance between the hook and ring to permit thermal expansion with a minimal of induced stresses.

Abstract: A liner assembly for a combustor used in connection with a gas turbine is disclosed. The liner assembly comprises a double-wall structure including an outer structural shell and a separate throat insert coupled to and situated in the shell. The throat insert has a reduced throat section which divides the outer shell into upstream and downstream chambers. The upstream end of the throat insert is flexibly coupled in a stationary position to the outer shell by integral fingers and the downstream end is flexibly coupled to the outer shell, preferably by an air seal incorporating a plurality of flexible fingers located at the downstream end of the throat insert.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for combustion of fuel wherein in two mutually perdicular air swirls are used. In the cylindrical section of the combustor, a horizontal swirl with respect to the combustor is set in motion. The conical section in conjunction with the cylindrical section forms a vertical swirl with respect to the combustor. Notably, the combustor is not dependent upon orientation in a gravity field.

Abstract: A louvered liner construction for a gas turbine engine combustor comprises a film cooling system that includes a double pass cool air film producing means having the cooling air inlet facing compressor discharge air to impinge on a depending lip extending from the hot wall of the louver disposed intermediate to the cooling air inlet and the discharge slot. The cooling air is directed to impinge on the depending wall, change directions in a double loop configuration and heat the stiffening ring prior to discharging into the combustor in a film of uniform cooling air.

Abstract: Unit for thermal incineration of non-explosive gases with minor amounts of organic pollutants and for production of hot air, and which can be adapted to various types of supplementary fuel. There is a combustion chamber which consists of a flame pipe inside an outer jacket. Through the space therebetween, incoming process gas is led as coolant. At its front end, the combustion chamber has a burner for supplementary fuel and a mixing-in zone for process gas. The process gas rapidly mixes with the hot combustion gases in the flame, the gas reaching its reaction temperature directly. Powerful turbulence in the mixing-in zone gas, film-layer cooling, convective cooling and even flow give highly efficient and pure combustion while keeping the flame pipe temperature low enough to prevent corrosion.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved Finwall combustor liner that includes fabricating the liner in axially spaced panels of Finwall material and introducing the cooling air in each of said panels at discrete locations intermediate the ends thereof so as to achieve a parallel and counter flow for attaining substantially reduced axial and radial temperature gradient over the panels, with an overall temperature reduction of the entire liner.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cooling the hot gas casing of a gas turbine power plant is disclosed. The apparatus includes a shell which is spaced from but which encompasses the hot gas casing so as to form an air channel about the casing. A compressor provides a supply of cooling air which flows into the air channel through openings in the shell, and which air absorbs heat from the hot gas casing as it flows through the air channel.

Abstract: Combustion apparatus of the premix/fuel lean type which employ jet induced circulation to inhibit the formation of atmospheric pollutants.

Abstract: A device for cooling the wall of a combustion chamber, in which air is taken from the space outside the chamber by means of an annular protuberance which extends beyond the outside of the chamber and forms an annular pocket, which is provided with outside air by means of holes and communicates with the interior of the chamber by means of an annular slot between the downstream internal wall of the chamber and a small annular tongue which is an extension of the upstream wall. The air intake holes for the pocket are arranged in the wall of the protuberance which is more or less perpendicular to the wall of the chamber which faces the air flow and have a sufficiently small diameter to make it possible to arrange them in at least three concentric rows, which are offset from one row to the next.

Abstract: This invention relates to the counter-parallel cooling flow for a combustor liner with means for loosely mounting one of the two spaced liner walls relative to the other to support it so that it "floats". The counter-paralled flow provides both convenctive and film cooling permitting the floating wall to be in axially spaced segments relative to the flow of combustor air. The floating wall is segmented in the circumferential direction to permit relatively minimal stress during thermal expansion.

Abstract: A combustion chamber for a gas turbine engine having a step-liner configuration and providing a double wall defining an annular confined cooling air flow passage along the outer surface of the chamber. The outer wall of the double-wall configuration is provided by a concentric cylindrical baffle member supported in radially spaced relation from the combustion chamber wall by a plurality of leaf spring members providing a biasing force between the combustion chamber wall and the baffle member so that relative thermal growth between the combustion chamber wall and the baffle can be accommodated by deflection of the support springs or by axial sliding between the springs and the chamber wall.

Abstract: A mobile heater for aerospace ground equipment includes a diesel engine for continuously driving a centrifugal blower for introducing air into a plenum chamber so that the air is not contaminated by the diesel engine. The diesel fuel is utilized with a unique burner arrangement, which enables burning within a burner body or can without build up of carbon, having a portion of the air supplied to the plenum chamber supplied thereto. The hot products of combustion from the burner arrangement flow into a core of a heat exchanger where they are directed through longitudinal spiral slots which terminate inside of a shell of the heat exchanger from which they are vertically exhausted upwardly through an exhaust stack. Ventilating air from the plenum chamber is directed through a nest of formed arcuate tubes, which have common walls with the longitudinal spiral slots whereby heat is transferred through the common walls to heat the ventilating air.

Abstract: This invention describes a double wall step-liner construction for a combustion chamber of a combustion turbine. The chamber is a series of concentric cylindrical segments stacked in overlapping arrangement such that the leading edge of each outer segment and the terminal edge of each inner segment are in general axial alignment so as to form a continuous double wall throughout the axial length of the step-liner configuration. Each cylindrical segment is attached at its inlet end and at its outlet end to the adjacent cylindrical segment by an annular transistion member formed of a wire mesh secured to each respective cylindrical segment with high temperature brazing. The relative thermal expansion between the inner and outer cylindrical segments (both axially and radially) is accommodated by deflection and distortion of the wire mesh transition members which also permits cooling air to enter between the overlapping segments and to be discharged therefrom into the combustion chamber with minimum interference.