Abstract: This invention discloses systems and methods for conversion of manure to novel fertilizer and/or soil builder products useful as input for organic farming operations. The equipment systems comprise a gas turbine generator unit (preferred heat source), a dryer vessel and a processing unit, wherein the connection between the gas turbine and the dryer vessel directs substantially all the gas turbine exhaust into the dryer vessel and substantially precludes the introduction of air into the dryer vessel. The dryer vessel receives the manure for contact with the turbine exhaust gases to convert the manure to a dry material, which is passed to the processing unit where it is formed into granules, pellets or other desired form for the final dry fertilizer product. The method comprises drying, heating and converting the manure to form novel self binding fertilizer and soil builder type products for organic farming and other uses.

Abstract: A process for converting coal and other hydrocarbon solid fuel feedstocks comprises reacting the feedstock in a first stage exothermic hydropyrolysis reaction zone with a hydrogen-rich gas stream for producing methane. The methane from the first reaction zone is dissociated in a second endothermic reaction zone to produce solid carbon and hydrogen-rich gas using heat mainly from the first reaction zone. All heat to promote the desired extents of reaction in each reaction zone is provided solely from the exothermicity of chemical reactions in the process. The majority of the gas is recirculated from the second reaction zone to the first reaction zone. Hydrogen gas is recovered to produce electrical energy for reducing carbon dioxide emissions.

Abstract: The system contained within this application for patent protection provides the ability to produce clean syngas, natural gas, synthetic fuels, electricity, hydrogen fuels, and oil substitutes using a variety of materials. These materials include, but are not limited to: coal, biomass (including but not limited to municipal solid wastes), and agricultural byproducts. The fuels and electricity generated by this system can immediately be utilized by existing power and transportation grids, and as such, allow for rapid integration into the nation's energy needs. The system also removes and sequesters carbon dioxide, creating a clean, environmentally responsible supply of multiple types of power. The overall process provides an alternative to current oil and power solutions, allowing for domestic production of various energy requirements, creating the possibility for the reduced dependence on foreign imports for energy needs.

Abstract: Methods and systems of operating an integrated gasification combined cycle system are provided. The method includes coupling a non-fuel fluid conduit to a fuel conduit, warming a flow of non-fuel fluid, and channeling the warmed non-fuel fluid through the fuel conduit such that heat from the warmed non-fuel fluid heats the fuel conduit to a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A method for producing electric energy from solid and liquid fuels is provided. The fuels are first subjected to a gasification process at high pressure, and the scrubbed gasification gas is fed to a gas and steam turbine process. The combustion of the scrubbed gasification gas in the gas turbine chamber does not occur with air, but with a mixture made of the three components oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor. As a result, the waste gas of the gas turbine is made only of carbon dioxide and water vapor. After the condensation thereof, technically pure carbon dioxide remains, which can be dissipated by storage in the deep substrate of the atmosphere.

Abstract: The invention provides a hybrid integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant for carbon dioxide emission reduction and increased efficiency where the syngas is maintained as a temperature above a tar condensation temperature of a volatile matter in the syngas. The invention also provides methods and equipment for retrofitting existing IGCC plants to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, increase efficiency, reduce equipment size and/or decrease the use of water, coal or other resources.

Abstract: A power generation system. The exemplary system shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes a gas turbine (28), a gasifier (10) for generating gaseous fuel and a gas combustor (26) configured to receive the fuel and power the gas turbine (28). A drain collection and separation system (5) is positioned to collect gaseous fuel entrained in liquid and to separate the gaseous fuel from the liquid so the gaseous fuel can be cycled or disposed of separately from the liquid.

Abstract: The problem of a heat exchanger of a heat recovery steam generator being corroded by sulfuric acid is solved, and the gas temperature at the outlet of the heat recovery steam generator is set at a value equal to or lower than the dew point of sulfuric acid, thereby realizing an integrated coal gasification combined cycle plant with high efficiency.

Abstract: An IGCC plant which can improve the power generation efficiency and which can suppress the emission of sulfur components and dust into the atmosphere is provided. The IGCC plant described above has a coal gasifier for converting pulverized coal to a syngas; an exhaust heat recovery boiler generating steam; a gas turbine system which is operated by the syngas and which supplies a combustion exhaust gas to the exhaust heat recovery boiler; a steam turbine system operated by the steam generated by the exhaust heat recovery boiler; a power generator connected to the gas turbine system and/or the steam turbine system; a desulfurization device for removing sulfur components from the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust heat recovery boiler; and a wet-type electric precipitator for removing sulfur components and dust.

Abstract: A power generation system (100) and a method of generating power. In one embodiment of the system shown in FIG. 1, a gasification subsystem (1) is configured to convert a carbonaceous fuel to fuel suitable for combustion in a gas turbine (48). A first power generation cycle (2) includes the gas turbine (48) coupled to receive fuel from a gasifier (24). A first Rankine cycle (3) is coupled to receive thermal energy from at least the first power generation cycle (2) and generate power with a first vapor turbine (58). A second Rankine cycle (4) is coupled to receive thermal energy from the gasification subsystem (1) or the first power generation cycle (2) and generate power with a second vapor turbine (82). In an associated method, syngas (26) is generated and processed to remove components therein. Power is generated in a first turbine (48) with the processed syngas (33). Power is generated in a second turbine (58) with heat recovered from exhaust produced by the first turbine (48).

Abstract: An integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant which appropriately processes an early produced gas to suppress the emission of a sulfur component into the atmosphere for further improving environmental compatibility is provided. The IGCC plant has a gasifier for converting pulverized coal to gas fuel, a gas turbine operated thereby and supplying a combustion exhaust gas to an heat recovery steam generator, a steam turbine operated by steam generated thereby, and a power generator connected to the gas turbine system and/or the steam turbine. In this IGCC plant, a combustion exhaust gas discharged from the heat recovery steam generator is desulfurized and exhausted into the atmosphere. In addition, an initial desulfurization equipment exclusively used for the early produced gas is provided for a flow path extending from an outlet side of the gasifier to a flare system.

Abstract: A power plant has a coal gasification device (1) for gasifying coal (K), particularly with water injection (W), a gas combustion device, particularly a CES burner (2), for combusting synthesis gas, particularly purified synthesis gas, from the coal gasification device (1), a hot gas expander (3) for generating usable output power by expansion of flue gas (RG) from the gas combustion device, a steam generator, particularly a waste heat steam generator, (4) for heating, particularly for evaporating and/or superheating, feedwater (W) through exhaust heat of the expanded flue gas, a steam turbine set with at least a first stage (HD) for expanding steam, particularly high-pressure steam, from the steam generator, and a reheater (ZÜ) which is arranged after the first stage of the steam turbine set and through which expanded flue gas flows.

Abstract: A trapped vortex combustor. The trapped vortex combustor is configured for receiving a lean premixed gaseous fuel and oxidant stream, where the fuel includes hydrogen gas. The trapped vortex combustor is configured to receive the lean premixed fuel and oxidant stream at a velocity which significantly exceeds combustion flame speed in a selected lean premixed fuel and oxidant mixture. The combustor is configured to operate at relatively high bulk fluid velocities while maintaining stable combustion, and low NOx emissions. The combustor is useful in gas turbines in a process of burning synfuels, as it offers the opportunity to avoid use of diluent gas to reduce combustion temperatures. The combustor also offers the possibility of avoiding the use of selected catalytic reaction units for removal of oxides of nitrogen from combustion gases exiting a gas turbine.

Abstract: A new approach to the production of coke. In this process multiple optimized value streams are produced from a coke facility located at mine mouth or locally at an existing plant. As part of the process, lower cost Indiana/Illinois Basin-type coals are blended with conventional metallurgical coals. The blending process is optimized to meet coke quality requirements and simultaneously to obtain a pyrolysis gas composition suitable for production of ancillary products including liquid transportation fuels, fertilizer, hydrogen, and electricity. By using lower cost Indiana/Illinois Basin coal it is possible to reduce net coal costs. This process provides a new direction and approach for the production of coke in the future that optimizes value over multiple product streams while reducing both business and technological risk.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes converting a hydrocarbon feedstock into a gas mixture. The method also includes burning a first portion of the gas mixture within a combustion chamber. The method further includes converting a second portion of the gas mixture into methanol during periods of low demand for the gas mixture within the combustion chamber.

Abstract: Methods and systems of operating an integrated gasification combined cycle system are provided. The method includes coupling a non-fuel fluid conduit to a fuel conduit, warming a flow of non-fuel fluid, and channeling the warmed non-fuel fluid through the fuel conduit such that heat from the warmed non-fuel fluid heats the fuel conduit to a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A plant produces electrical energy from municipal solid waste without exhausting a carbon dioxide or other carbon based gas to the atmosphere. The plant includes a source of artificial light powered by electrical energy, and a reactor into which the municipal solid waste is fed and which is operated under temperature, pressure and flow rate conditions to produced a syngas. An electrical energy generating station at which the syngas is burned produces the electrical energy and a flue gas comprising carbon dioxide and other products of combustion. At least a portion of the electrical energy is used to power the artificial light source. A carbon dioxide collector separates the carbon dioxide from the other products of combustion in the flue gas to provide a clean carbon dioxide suitable as a nutrient for microorganisms, and a farm of the microorganisms is illuminated essentially constantly, alternately with sunlight and artificial light from said source.

Abstract: A method of controlling an apparatus for generating electric power and apparatus for use in said method, the apparatus comprising a gasifier for biomass material, such as waste, wood chips, straw, etc., said gasifier being of the shaft and updraft fixed bed type, which from the top is charged with the raw material for gasification and into the bottom of which gasifying agent is introduced, and a gas engine driving an electrical generator for producing electrical power, said gas engine being driven by the fuel gas from the gasifier. By supplying the produced fuel gas directly from the gasifier to the gas engine and controlling the production of the fuel gas in the gasifier in order to maintain a constant electrical output power, the necessity of using a gas holder between the gasifier and the gas engine is avoided.

Abstract: This invention presents a compact, light, efficient and high power output rotary internal combustion engine utilizing the waste heat. The engine has a rotor rotatable within a housing, but has no piston. The rotor has a plurality of combustion chambers, with inlets for introduction of fuel and outlets for exhaust of combustion products. The exhaust imparts rotation to the rotor within the housing. Fixed end caps are provided at each end of the housing. The engine is cooled with steam, air and water. The engine is suitable for applications that require efficient, high power to weight ratio, such as aircrafts, ships, and heavy duty transportation. The engine may use low grade fuel with a low cetane number, by using specially treated pulverized coal.

Abstract: This invention discloses systems and methods for conversion of manure to novel fertilizer and/or soil builder products useful as input for organic farming operations. The equipment systems comprise a gas turbine generator unit (preferred heat source), a dryer vessel and a processing unit, wherein the connection between the gas turbine and the dryer vessel directs substantially all the gas turbine exhaust into the dryer vessel and substantially precludes the introduction of air into the dryer vessel. The dryer vessel receives the manure for contact with the turbine exhaust gases to convert the manure to a dry material, which is passed to the processing unit where it is formed into granules, pellets or other desired form for the final dry fertilizer product. The method comprises drying, heating and converting the manure to form novel self binding fertilizer and soil builder type products for organic farming and other uses.

Abstract: In a method for operating a gas turbine (11) in a combined cycle power plant (40), air, which is used to burn a syngas that is recovered from coal, is drawn in and compressed by the gas turbine (11), the compressed air is fed into a combustor (18, 19) and such that a portion of the compressed air is separated into oxygen and nitrogen. An improved degree of efficiency is achieved by this method by virtue of the fact that a gas turbine (11) with reheating and two combustors (18, 19) and two turbines (16,17) is used. In the first combustor (18), syngas is burned using the compressed air, and the resultant hot gases are expanded in the first turbine (16). In the second combustor, syngas is burned using the gases coming from the first turbine (16) and the resultant gases are expanded in the second turbine (17) such that the nitrogen that occurs in the separation of the air is led to the gas turbine (11) to be compressed.

Abstract: In a method for operating a gas turbine (11) in a combined cycle power plant (40), air, which is used to burn a syngas that is recovered from coal is drawn in by the gas turbine (11) and compressed, is led to a combustor (18, 19), and a portion of the compressed air is separated into oxygen and nitrogen. An improved degree of efficiency is achieved by virtue of the fact that a gas turbine (11) with reheating is used, which includes two combustors (18,19) and two turbines (16, 17), in which, in the first combustor (18) syngas is burned using compressed air, and the resultant hot gases are expanded and in which, in the second combustor, syngas is burned using the gases coming from the first turbine (16) and the resultant hot gases are expanded in the second turbine (17), and that the nitrogen that occurs in the separation of the air is used to cool the gas turbine (11).

Abstract: In a method for operating a gas turbine (11) in a combined cycle power plant (40), air is drawn in and compressed though the gas turbine (11), the compressed air is led to a combustor (18, 19) to burn a syngas recovered from a fossil fuel, especially coal, and the gases that result in the course of the combustion are expanded in a downstream turbine (16, 17). In such a method, an improved degree of efficiency is achieved by virtue of the fact that a gas turbine (11) with reheating is used, which includes two combustors (18, 19) and two turbines (16, 17); in the first combustor (18), syngas is burned with the compressed air, and the resultant hot gases, e.g., flue gases, are expanded in the first turbine (16), and in the second combustor syngas is burned by the gases coming from the first turbine (16), and the resultant hot gases are expanded in the second turbine (17).

Abstract: A process for generating electrical power from a carbonaceous fuel source without carbon dioxide emissions while producing ethanol. A carbonaceous material is reacted in a stream reformer wherein a fuel gas is produced, which fuel gas is sent to a CO shift reactor to convert substantially all CO to CO2 thus resulting in a CO-lean fuel gas stream. The CO-lean fuel gas stream is sent to an acid gas recovery zone to produce a hydrogen rich stream which is sent to a gas turbine associated with an electrical generator. The acid gas stream, of which H2S is removed, thus leaving CO2 which is sent to a second steam reforming zone along with a second carbonaceous feedstock wherein a syn-gas stream is produced which is eventually converted to ethanol.

Abstract: A method of improving the output and efficiency of a pulverized coal plant by integration with an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) plant.

Abstract: The fumes from gas turbine TG are cooled by heat exchangers E1, E2, E01, E02 and E03 and compressed by compressors C1 and C2. The cold and high-pressure fumes are depleted in carbon dioxide in treating plant 10. The carbon dioxide can be injected into an underground reservoir. The fumes depleted in carbon dioxide are heated by heat exchangers E1 and E2, and expanded by turbines T2, then T1. In particular, after expansion in turbine T2 and before expansion in turbine T1, the fumes are heated using the heat of the fumes from compressor C2.

Abstract: The invention provides systems, processes and methods for converting heterogeneous coal-fired power plants to cogenerate a sustainable, consistent, and economic cement. Such cogeneration enables a simultaneous production of both electric power and cement and thus provides significant economic and environmental efficiencies and benefits and eliminates a major source of greenhouse gas emissions and thereby mitigates a major contributor to climate change.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparing pulverized coal used in the production of synthesis gas combusted in gas turbines used in integrated gasification combined cycle power plants uses gas turbine exhaust gas to dry and convey pulverized coal from a pulverizer to a coal/gas separation device.

Abstract: An integrated gasification combined cycle power generation system (100). In one embodiment, shown in FIG. 1, a gasifier (108) is configured to generate synthetic gas (117) from a carbonaceous material (106) and an oxygen supply (109) with a cleaning stage (120) positioned to receive synthetic gas (117) from the gasifier (108) and remove impurities therefrom. A gas turbine combustion system (2) including a turbine (123) is configured to receive fuel (128) from the gasifier (108) and a first air supply (131) from a first air compressor (130). A steam turbine system (4) is configured to generate power with heat recovered from exhaust (140) generated by the gas turbine system (2) and an ion transport membrane air separation unit (110) includes a second air compressor (114) for generating a second air supply (113).

Abstract: A dehydrogenated fuel tank 32 which is replenished with an organic hydride-contained hydrogenated fuel and a gasoline tank 48 which is replenished with normal gasoline are provided. In order to separate the hydrogenated fuel into a hydrogen rich gas and dehydrogenation product, a dehydrogenation reactor 22 and a separator 40 are provided. The hydrogen rich gas flows into a hydrogen pipe 44 and is supplied into the intake pipe 12. A dehydrogenation product pipe 42 is provided with a flow separator 46. The dehydrogenation product is guided into the gasoline tank 48 until the mixed ratio of the dehydrogenation product reaches the maximum allowable ratio in the gasoline tank 48. Only if the ratio reaches the maximum allowable ratio, the dehydrogenation product is collected into a dehydrogenation product tank 50.

Abstract: A method of reducing mercury emissions using a combustion device including at least a combustion zone. The method includes receiving a flow of fuel including mercury at the combustion device assembly; injecting a first mercury oxidizer flow including MgCl2 on the fuel upstream of the combustion device assembly; and oxidizing the mercury using a mercury oxidizer flows and the combustion device assembly.

Abstract: Calories of a first mixed gas are predicted by calculations based on the mixed flow rate of a blast furnace gas and the mixed flow rate of a converter gas measured by flow meters, and preset blast furnace gas calories and converter gas calories; the flow rate ratio of the mixed flow rate of a coke oven gas to a gas turbine consumed fuel gas flow rate is calculated based on the predicted calories, set calories, and preset coke oven gas calories; the mixed flow rate required value of the coke oven gas is calculated based on the flow rate ratio and a gas turbine fuel gas requirement signal corresponding to the gas turbine consumed fuel gas flow rate; and the opening of a coke oven gas flow control valve provided in a fuel gas production system is controlled, based on the mixed flow rate required value, to control the mixed flow rate of the coke oven gas.

Abstract: A novel process and apparatus for power generation from biomass and other carbonaceous feedstocks are provided. The process integrates a pulse combustor steam reformer with a gas turbine to generate electricity such that (i) efficiency is higher than those of conventional and current advanced power systems, (ii) emissions are lower than those proposed in the new environmental regulations, and (iii) performance is comparable to that of combined cycle, even though a bottoming cycle is not included here. The pulse combustor steam reformer generates a hydrogen-rich, medium-Btu fuel gas that is fired in a gas turbine to generate electricity. The apparatus may be configured to produce only power or combined heat and power.

Abstract: The fumes from gas turbine TG are cooled by heat exchangers E1, E2, E01, E02 and E03 and compressed by compressors C1 and C2. The cold and high-pressure fumes are depleted in carbon dioxide in treating plant 10. The fumes depleted in carbon dioxide are heated by heat exchangers E1 and E2, and expanded by turbines T2, then T1. The energy recovered in form of heat in exchangers E01, E02 and E03 is converted into mechanical energy by the engine cycle used by turbine T, condenser E and pump P. The mechanical energy is available at the shaft of turbine T.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating energy from a composition comprising urea and water are described. The method in one embodiment includes: (a) reacting the urea with water to form ammonia; and (b) oxidizing the ammonia formed in step (a) to form water and nitrogen generating energy.

Abstract: A plant for producing Fischer-Tropsch liquids and electrical power with greatly reduced emissions of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere is made up of a syngas generator unit, an air separation unit, a Fischer-Tropsch unit, a CO2 removal unit, and a combined cycle electricity generation unit. Each of Fischer-Tropsch liquids, carbon dioxide, and electrical power can be recoverable under proper economic conditions. Electrical power is recoverable by the use of a gas turbine fueled by predominantly hydrogen and a steam turbine powered by steam generated by cooling exhaust gases from the gas turbine. Sequestration of CO2 and fueling the gas turbine with hydrogen reduces the amount of greenhouse gases emitted to the atmosphere.

Abstract: A combined cycle process that includes gas turbines, a steam turbine train, a heat recovery unit, and a gasification unit that produces low or mid BTU fuel gas from coal, lignite, coke, biomass, or other suitable hydrocarbon containing material wherein the fuel gas is burned in the heat recovery unit at one or more points to increase steam rate to the steam turbine train. The fuel gas injection flow rates into the heat recovery unit are controlled to avoid exceeding peak temperatures in the heat recovery unit of about 2500 F. Optionally, the fuel gas from the gasification unit is cooled by transferring sensible heat to condensate from the steam turbine train to convert the condensate to high pressure steam for driving the steam turbine train. Optionally, a steam boiler unit is integrated into the combined cycle process to raise additional high pressure steam for the steam turbine train. The steam boiler feed water is condensate from the steam turbine train.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method involving the intake (through 16) of air in an intake of an air separation plant (14), supplying (though 16) at least a fraction of the intake air from a gas turbine compressor section (2), and extracting from the air separation plant (16) two gas streams (through 20, 24, 32, and 36) respectively nitrogen-enriched and oxygen-enriched streams; detecting (through 18) a substantial decrease in the flow rate of the air fraction from the gas turbine compressor section (2), then recycling (through 28, 42), to the inlet of the air separation plant (14) at least part of one of the two gas streams, and thus avoiding any major fluctuation of the intake air flow rate of said air separation plant.

Abstract: A novel process and apparatus for power generation from biomass and other carbonaceous feedstocks are provided. The process integrates a pulse combustor steam reformer with a gas turbine to generate electricity such that (i) efficiency is higher than those of conventional and current advanced power systems, (ii) emissions are lower than those proposed in the new environmental regulations, and (iii) performance is comparable to that of combined cycle, even though a bottoming cycle is not included here. The pulse combustor steam reformer generates a hydrogen-rich, medium-Btu fuel gas that is fired in a gas turbine to generate electricity. The apparatus may be configured to produce only power or combined heat and power.

Abstract: A gas and steam turbine installation including a gasification device for fossile fuel. The gasification device and the combustion chamber of the gas turbine are connected by a gas line. A gas lock is connected to the gas line. The gas lock includes a quick acting armature, a pressure discharge or over pressure system and a gas lock armature.

Abstract: A power generating system having a hybrid gasification cycle, in which CO2 is recycled to a gasifier to be used as a gasification reactant and working fluid. The power generating system includes a source of fresh, pure oxygen, a gasifier, a particle separator arranged in flow connection with the gasifier, a syngas combustor, a gas turbine arranged in flow connection with the syngas combustor, a steam generator arranged in flow connection with the outlet of the gas turbine, and a gas compressor system which discharges a stream of compressed exhaust gas. A first portion of the stream of compressed exhaust gas is conducted to the gasifier to control the temperature in the gasifier, to provide CO2 and steam for gasification, and to decrease the demand for fresh, pure oxygen therein.

Abstract: A combined cycle process that includes gas turbines, a steam turbine train, a heat recovery unit, and a gasification unit that produces low or mid BTU fuel gas from coal, lignite, coke, biomass, or other suitable hydrocarbon containing material wherein the fuel gas is burned in the heat recovery unit at one or more points to increase steam rate to the steam turbine train.

Abstract: A plant for producing Fischer-Tropsch liquids and electrical power with greatly reduced emissions of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere is made up of a syngas generator unit, an air separation unit, a Fischer-Tropsch unit, a CO2 removal unit, and a combined cycle electricity generation unit. Each of Fischer-Tropsch liquids, carbon dioxide, and electrical power can be recoverable under proper economic conditions. Electrical power is recoverable by the use of a gas turbine fueled by predominantly hydrogen and a steam turbine powered by steam generated by cooling exhaust gases from the gas turbine. Sequestration of CO2 and fueling the gas turbine with hydrogen reduces the amount of greenhouse gases emitted to the atmosphere.

Abstract: A power generating system having a hybrid gasification cycle, in which CO2 is recycled to a gasifier to be used as a gasification reactant and working fluid. The power generating system includes a source of fresh, pure oxygen, a gasifier, a particle separator arranged in flow connection with the gasifier, a syngas combustor, a gas turbine arranged in flow connection with the syngas combustor, a steam generator arranged in flow connection with the outlet of the gas turbine, and a gas compressor system which discharges a stream of compressed exhaust gas. A first portion of the stream of compressed exhaust gas is conducted to the gasifier to control the temperature in the gasifier, to provide CO2 and steam for gasification, and to decrease the demand for fresh, pure oxygen therein.

Abstract: An integrated air separation and power generation process produces an O2-enriched gas stream and an N2-enriched gas stream in an air separation unit. The O2-enriched gas stream is introduced with fuel and steam to a combustor, producing flue gas. At least a portion of the flue gas and steam stream exiting the combustor is used to generate power. The N2-enriched gas stream is heated and power is generated from the heated N2-enriched gas stream.

Abstract: A novel process and apparatus for power generation from biomass and other carbonaceous feedstocks are provided. The process integrates a pulse combustor steam reformer with a gas turbine to generate electricity such that (i) efficiency is higher than those of conventional and current advanced power systems, (ii) emissions are lower than those proposed in the new environmental regulations, and (iii) performance is comparable to that of combined cycle, even though a bottoming cycle is not included here. The pulse combustor steam reformer generates a hydrogen-rich, medium-Btu fuel gas that is fired in a gas turbine to generate electricity. The apparatus may be configured to produce only power or combined heat and power.

Abstract: A power plant generates electricity from carbonaceous material and fuel provided by a syngas plant such that clean electric power is generated and flue gas emissions are minimized. The syngas plant produces liquid fuel and unreacted syngas in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor, and the unreacted syngas is conducted to a combustion chamber of the power plant for use as a clean fuel moiety of the carbonaceous material burned in the combustion chamber. The unreacted syngas enables the electric power plant to operate below acceptable environmental limits in producing steam to generate electricity.

Abstract: An integrated gasification power generating system (100) includes an oxygen separator (1) for providing an oxygen rich gas stream (2) from an oxygen containing gaseous mixture such as air (13). The oxygen separator (1) provides an oxygen stream (2) preferably including at least 99% oxygen. The system includes a gasifier (25) for generating a synthesis gas and a combustor (21) for combusting a mixture including the oxygen rich gas stream (20), a steam flow (23) and the synthesis gas (22) or a product derived therefrom, to produce thermal energy.

Abstract: Preferred and modified forms of a method and apparatus for converting waste into useful energy in which solid waste materials are fed through a single or parallel feed lines under constant pressure to a gasifier, at least partially combusted under pressure in the gasifier while constantly removing the ash from the gasifier, advancing the gases through a combuster stage for complete combustion, followed by delivering the combusted gases under pressure to a gas turbine and the like in order to generate power or perform other useful work.

Abstract: There is produced (at 2) air enriched in inert gas, from a source (9) of compressed air internal to the aircraft, and this enriched air is admitted (via 10) into the fuel tank (12). During the cruising phase of the aircraft, there is produced a first fraction of air having a first inert gas content, and this first fraction is admitted into the fuel tank (12) at a first flow rate. Moreover, during the descent phase, there is produced a second fraction of enriched air having a second inert gas content substantially less than the first content, and the second fraction is admitted to the reservoir (12) at a second flow rate substantially greater than the first flow rate.