Abstract: The technology described in this document can be embodied in a method of displaying images of portions of a human body on a display device. The method includes receiving a representation of a plurality of images that includes images of at least two different modalities, and location information corresponding to at least a subset of the plurality of images. A first image of a first modality is displayed on the display device in accordance with the corresponding location information. A second image of a second modality is overlaid on the first image in accordance with corresponding location information. At least a third image is overlaid on the first image in accordance with corresponding location information, the third image being of the second modality, and the second and third images being displayed concurrently for at least a period of time.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are technological solutions that are configured to limit sub-optimal visualization of the surgical field during robotic and manual laparoscopic surgery. Such technological solutions are configured to systematically assess cleanliness of an imaging element of a laparoscope (or other type of similar imaging apparatus) and take action for enabling or causing the imaging element to be cleaned. In preferred embodiments, assessment of the cleanliness of the imaging element provides information that can be used for enabling or causing cleaning of the imaging element to be performed in-vivo in either a manual, semi-autonomous or autonomous manner. In this manner such technological solutions advantageously enable the surgical field during surgery to be more efficiently and consistently maintained in an optimal condition.

Abstract: A surgical robot includes: a plurality of manipulator arms; a platform to which the plurality of manipulator arms are coupled; a positioner configured to change the position and posture of the platform; a controller configured to control the positioner; and a user interface. The user interface includes: first manipulation tools each configured to receive an input of manipulation which selects one of a plurality of operating modes for changing the position and posture of the platform; and a single second manipulation tool configured to receive an input of manipulation information regarding the position and posture. The controller generates a command regarding the position and posture of the platform based on the acquired manipulation information and the selected operating mode and operates the positioner based on the generated command.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for fluorescence imaging with a minimal area image sensor are disclosed. A system includes an emitter for emitting pulses of electromagnetic radiation and an image sensor comprising a pixel array for sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation, wherein the pixel array comprises active pixels and optical black pixels. The system includes a black clamp providing offset control for data generated by the pixel array and a controller comprising a processor in electrical communication with the image sensor and the emitter. The system is such that at least a portion of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength from about 770 nm to about 790 nm.

Abstract: A medical image acquisition system includes an imaging device and an image processing device. The imaging device includes: an imaging unit configured to receive light and convert the light into an electric signal so as to generate the imaging signal; an optical unit including a focus mechanism moving one or a plurality of lenses so as to adjust a focal point position, and configured to form an optical image on the imaging unit; a memory configured to store therein unique information of the imaging device; and an auto focus controller configured to totally control the imaging device. The image processing device includes an auto focus evaluation unit configured to perform focusing evaluation based on the imaging signal, and the auto focus controller controls driving of the focus mechanism by referring to the unique information in accordance with an evaluation result by the auto focus evaluation unit.

Abstract: It is desired to provide a technology which is capable of reducing glare to be felt by a user for an output image by an HDR monitor in a case where an image is caused to be displayed at the HDR monitor on the basis of an HDR image. There is provided a medical system including a light source configured to irradiate a subject inside a living organism; an imaging unit configured to image the subject coaxially with an optical axis of the light source; and a control unit configured to control the light source and the imaging unit, in which the control unit performs control so that a signal compliant with high-dynamic range standards is output by adjusting gradation for a first image signal acquired by the imaging unit.

Abstract: An imaging unit acquires a white light image by imaging an observation target being illuminated with white light, and acquires a specific light image by imaging the observation target being illuminated with specific light. A light source control unit controls the number of light emission frames of the white light and the number of light emission frames of the specific light in one light emission cycle according to at least one of a moving speed of the imaging unit, zoom information, or a light emission amount.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide various examples of displaying an endoscope video of an endoscope resolution on a display having a screen resolution lower than the endoscope resolution. In one aspect, a process of displaying the endoscope video on the display can begin by displaying a portion of the endoscope video having the same resolution as the screen resolution on the display. While displaying the portion of the endoscope video, the process detects a surgical tool present in an off-screen portion of the endoscope video not visible on the display, and therefore not visible to the user. The process further analyzes the off-screen portion of the endoscope video including the detected surgical tool. The process subsequently generates an alert when a risk of the detected surgical tool is identified.

Abstract: A system and method for augmenting the visual representation of a visualized object with a different overlaid visualization in a seamless lifelike manner, comprising: means arranged to provide information on the location and motion of each movable part of the object; image acquisition means arranged to acquire images and video of the object; processing means arranged to calculate three dimensional distance and position of the movable parts and of the object; image processing means arranged to generate an overlay image into the same space as the object; display means to display the overlaid image. The system may be self-contained in a smartphone based Virtual Reality headset.

Abstract: A smart motion detection device with a determining method includes a memory, a processor, and a sensor array coupled to the memory and the processor. An image captured by the sensor array is processed by the processor. The sensor array is adapted to pre-store the image into the memory when the processor is operated in the sleep mode, and the pre-stored image is transmitted to the processor when the processor is operated in the wakeup mode. The sensor array includes a comparator adapted to generate an alarm signal for switching the processor from the sleep mode to the wakeup mode in accordance with a comparison result of the pre-stored image. The determining method includes the processor analyzing images captured by the sensor array when the sensor array is activated to capture the images, and the processor analyzing images pre-stored inside the memory when the sensor array is not activated.

Abstract: An endoscope including a handle including a fulcrum with a fulcrum axis, and a control lever including a lever body attached to the fulcrum and rotatable about the fulcrum axis, a lever grip, and a lever arm attaching the lever grip to the lever body, the control lever being adjustable between a first and a second configuration, in which the gripping surface of the lever grip is distanced from the fulcrum axis at a first radial distance via the lever body and lever arm, and a second configuration, in which the gripping surface of the lever grip is distanced from the fulcrum axis at a second radial distance via the lever body and lever arm, wherein the second radial distance is different from the first radial distance.

Abstract: An endoscope includes an insertion portion; a first projecting portion; a second projecting portion; an illumination window disposed on an outer peripheral surface side of the first projecting portion, the illumination window being disposed about an axis along a longitudinal axis direction of the insertion portion, the illumination window having a light emitting surface from which an illumination light for illuminating an inside of a subject is emitted in a direction which includes a sideward direction of the insertion portion; and a mask configured to restrict sideward emission of the illumination light from the illumination window, wherein the mask has a shape inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis direction so as to increase a quantity of the illumination light emitted toward the second projecting portion from a distal end side toward a proximal end side of a distal end portion of the insertion portion.

Abstract: A multi-focal, multi-camera endoscope having a tip section including a first optical assembly for generating a first image of a body cavity; a second optical assembly for generating a second image of a body cavity; at least one illuminator associated with each of the first optical assembly and second optical assembly; and a processing system configured to: zoom the first optical assembly and thereby generate a zoomed first image in place of the first image; and automatically cause a physical display to eliminate a display of the second image and to only display said zoomed first image. To eliminate the display of the second image, the processing system reduces a power supply to the second optical assembly, reduces an illumination intensity of an illuminator associated with the second optical assembly or causes the physical display to power off, darken, or blacken.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solar induction lamp and an induction system using same. The solar induction lamp has a wireless communication module equipped therein to support wireless communication with a controller, so that light can be emitted in various colors and periods according to a lighting cycle of the controller to increase the visibility of lane identification and at the same time, effectively guide a vehicle according to signal connection and special purpose.

Abstract: A connector ring includes a retention portion; an intermediate portion; and a plug hood made of a flexible material, the intermediate portion connecting the retention portion to the plug hood, wherein the retention portion and the plug hood are larger in cross-section than the intermediate portion in at least one radial extent. The connector ring can be removably attached to a video processing apparatus through an aperture in a wall of the video processing apparatus.

Abstract: [Object] An object of the present technology is to provide an information processing apparatus, an information processing system, and an information processing method capable of allowing a user to approach a destination intuitively. [Solving Means] An information processing apparatus according to the present technology includes a position-coordinate acquisition part, a direction acquisition part, a direction calculation part, and a haptic-feedback determining part. The position-coordinate acquisition part acquires a position coordinate of the information processing apparatus. The direction acquisition part acquires an apparatus direction that the information processing apparatus faces. The direction calculation part calculates a target direction being a direction of a target with respect to the information processing apparatus from a position coordinate of the target and the position coordinate of the information processing apparatus.

Abstract: A method for data display includes acquiring a three-dimensional (3D) map of a lumen inside a body of a subject, transforming the 3D map of the lumen into a two-dimensional (2D) image by projecting the 3D map onto an annulus, and presenting the 2D image on a display screen.

Abstract: The systems and methods disclosed herein are directed to robotically controlling a medical device to utilize manual skills and techniques developed by surgeons. The system may comprise an emulator representing a medical device. The system may comprise at least one detector configured to track the emulator. The system may further comprise an imaging device configured to track the medical device. The system may be configured to move the medical device to reduce an alignment offset between the location of the emulator and the location of the medical device, to move the imaging device based on the translational movement of the emulator, and/or to move the medical device based on data indicative of an orientation of the emulator.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide various examples of displaying video images of a surgical video captured at a first resolution on a screen of a surgical system having a second resolution lower than the first resolution. In one aspect, a process begins by receiving the surgical video and selecting a first portion of the video images having the same or substantially the same resolution as the second resolution. The process subsequently displays the first portion of the video images on the screen. While displaying the first portion of the video images, the process monitors a second portion of the video images not being displayed on the screen for a set of predetermined events, wherein the second portion is not visible to the user. When a predetermined event in the set of predetermined events is detected in the second portion, the process generates an alert to notify the user.

Abstract: A system for virtual reality/mixed reality viewing of a surgical procedure includes an endoscope having an elongated flexible or rigid main body with a proximal end and a distal end. A spherical element is coupled to the distal end. A plurality of wide field-of-view cameras or optical collections lenses are aligned about the spherical element to provide 360 degree omnidirectional stereoscopic visualization. A fiber optic illumination strip is positioned around the periphery of the spherical element adjacent each camera. A central processing unit is in communication with the plurality of cameras/lenses configured to receive real-time video from each of the plurality of cameras or lenses. A partial field-of-view virtual reality headset or a mixed reality headset is electronically coupled to the central processing unit. The headset displays real-time video from a select portion of the plurality of cameras or lenses, which provides 360 degree omnidirectional visualization based upon a position of the headset.

Abstract: An enhanced flexible robotic endoscopy apparatus includes a main body and flexible elongate shaft. The main body comprises a proximal end, a distal end and a housing that extends to the proximal end and the housing comprises a plurality of surfaces and a plurality of insertion inlets which reside on at least one of the surface of the housing at the proximal end of the main body, through which a plurality of channels for endoscopy are accessible. Each of the insertion inlets has insertion axis corresponding thereto, along which flexible elongate assemblies are insertable, with the insertion axes of the insertion inlets being parallel to the central axis of the flexible elongate shaft at the proximal end of the flexible elongate shaft.

Abstract: A surgical system includes a detector that includes an array of pixels configured to detect light reflected by a surgical device and generate a first signal. The first signal includes a first dataset representative of a visible image of the surgical device. The surgical system also includes a processor configured to receive the first signal and a second signal representative of one or more operating parameters of the surgical device. The processor is also configured to generate a modified image of the surgical device that includes information related to one or more operating parameters.

Abstract: A system for visualizing and guiding a surgical device having a first imaging device of a first type and has a first image output. The first imaging device is positioned to image an area being subject to surgery. A second imaging device of a second type has a second image output. The second imaging device is positioned to image an area being subject to surgery. A computer is coupled to receive the first and second image outputs and a computer software program, resident in the computer receives and displays information received from the surgical device and/or for guiding the operation of the surgical device and for generating a graphic user interface including selectable menu and submenu items. The surgical device is coupled to the computer.

Abstract: Provided are systems and methods for displaying an estimated location of an instrument. In one aspect, the method includes determining a first location of the instrument based on first location data generated by a set of one or more location sensors for the instrument, the first location data corresponding to a first time period, and after the first time period, receiving a user command to move the instrument during a second time period. The method also includes estimating a second location of the instrument based on the first location and the received user command, the estimated second location corresponding to the second time period, and confirming the estimated second location based on second location data generated by the set of location sensors. The method further includes causing the estimated second location to be displayed prior to the confirmation of the estimated second location.

Abstract: A supporting apparatus for supporting insertion of a flexible insertion member into a subject and removal of the insertion member includes an attention point acquisition unit, a first displacement acquisition unit and a determination unit. The attention point acquisition unit specifies at least one first attention point specified by a shape of the insertion member. The first displacement acquisition unit acquires a first displacement of the first attention point. The determination unit determines how a state of the insertion member or the subject is at a position corresponding to the first attention point, based on displacement information including information on the first displacement.

Abstract: Various biopsy devices configured to biopsy tissue from a body cavity and methods of use are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a biopsy sleeve is provided with an elongate shaft having distal and proximal ends. The elongate shaft is configured to receive at least a portion of an imaging device therein, and an engagement member is disposed on the proximal end and configured to engage with the imaging device. A biopsy collector is engageable with the elongate shaft and is configured to collect tissue for a biopsy sample. At least part of the distal end of the elongate shaft is configured to allow visualization therethrough using the imaging device such that a user can visualize the tissue being collected.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods of the present disclosure are directed to facilitating control of a graphical user interface associated with performing a medical procedure. Inputs can be received from a plurality of input devices interacting with respective sets of input options displayed on respective portions of the graphical user interface. One of the input devices can be operable by a physician, during a medical procedure, to navigate a set of input options to modify a graphical representation of at least one of a medical device and an anatomic structure displayed on the graphical user interface.

Abstract: A method, including registering a computerized tomography (CT) scan of a patient with a tracking system configured to track a location and an orientation of a sensor in the patient, and displaying the CT scan on a screen. The method further includes tracking coordinates of a probe having the sensor inside the patient using the tracking system. Based on the tracked coordinates, an icon representative of the location of the sensor is overlaid on the CT scan on the screen. The method also includes overlaying on the CT scan a ray, issuing from the icon in a direction corresponding to the orientation of the sensor, and traversing the screen to a termination point chosen responsively to a gray level distribution of the CT scan.

Abstract: A suture body includes: a suture thread having a first end and a second end and fixed to a living tissue; a suture needle connected to the first end; and a thread fixing member connected to the second end. The thread fixing member includes: a rod-shaped protruding portion; and an elastic member having an outer circumferential surface and arranged so that the thread fixing member is in contact with the outer circumferential surface at a predetermined contact pressure. The suture body is configured so that the suture thread can enter between the protruding portion and the elastic member by elastically deforming the elastic member. The suture body further includes a base body to which the protruding portion and the elastic member are fixed. The protruding portion and the elastic member are arranged in an area surrounded by an outer diameter of the base body.

Abstract: A screen providing a graphical user interface (GUI) for a tissue biopsy system includes a circular area and a plurality of GUI areas of variable size located in the circular area. The plurality of GUI areas includes a first GUI area, a second GUI area, and a third GUI area. The first GUI area is configured to represent a first region of the target site from which at least one tissue specimen has been separated from tissue at the target site by a tissue cutting member. The second GUI area is configured to represent a second region from which the tissue cutting member may separate one or more additional tissue specimens from tissue at the target site. The third GUI area is configured to represent a third region in which the tissue cutting member is deployed to separate a tissue specimen from tissue at the target site.

Abstract: A method for automatically predetermining an intended movement of a manipulator arrangement of a medical system having a medical instrument and a recording means for generating images, wherein the recording means and/or the instrument is guided by the manipulator arrangement. The method includes establishing an intended transformation between a reference stationary in relation to the recording means and a reference stationary in relation to the instrument; monitoring a deviation between the intended transformation and a current transformation between the reference stationary in relation to the recording means and the reference stationary in relation to the instrument; and determining a reset movement of the manipulator arrangement for returning the current transformation to the intended transformation when the deviation satisfies a predetermined condition.

Abstract: Systems and methods for automated steering control of a robotic endoscope, e.g., a colonoscope, are provided. The control system may comprise: a) a first image sensor configured to capture a first input data stream comprising a series of two or more images of a lumen; and b) one or more processors that are individually or collectively configured to generate a steering control output signal based on an analysis of data derived from the first input data stream using a machine learning architecture, wherein the steering control output signal adapts to changes in the data of the first input data stream in real time.

Abstract: An adapter for endoscopy can operably connect camera features and light source features of a portable electronic device with a respective viewfinder and illumination element of a medical endoscope. Systems including an endoscope, adapter, and handheld electronic device with a microphone, light source, and camera can, when connected, be used to perform stroboscopic endoscopic examinations.

Abstract: A device and method for guiding surgical tools by ultrasonic imaging having means for acquiring a time sequence of 3D ultrasonic images of a target area, means for determining and tracking the position and orientation of a surgical tool and means for defining the direction of a characteristic axis of the tool corresponding to the detected position and orientation of the tool. The device further having means for determining the position of a working end of the tool along the characteristic axis, means for determining the relative position in space of each 3D image and the direction of the characteristic axis corresponding to each 3D image, and means for generating a 2D image defined by an image plane that intersects the corresponding 3D image of said time sequence.

Abstract: A collaboration system may include a computing device that may communicate with the at least one other computing device via a computing network. The computing device may receive data that has been acquired using one or more non-destructive testing (NDT) inspection devices, receive an input that may cause a list of one or more experts indicated as available to collaborate to be derived. The computing device may also receive a selection of at least one expert from the list of experts. After receiving the expert selection, the computing device may establish a communication connection between the computing device and the at least one other computing device that corresponds to the at least one expert. Here, the communication connection may share data depicted on the computing device with the at least one other computing device.

Abstract: An illuminated object viewing and retrieval tool having a body including a control rod guide portion and a housing, a display screen mounted on the housing, an elongated flexible member extending from the control rod guide portion and a control rod extending through an open passage of the control rod guide portion to an outer end connected to a grasping mechanism having finger elements that are movable relative to an outer housing mounted to the control rod guide portion and which expand outwardly relative to one another and the open end of the outer housing, a camera device including a lens mounted within the outer housing to record images through the outer open end of the outer housing and a light source mounted within the outer housing adjacent the lens to cast light outwardly of the outer open end of the outer housing, and power source for connecting to the camera device, the light source and the display screen so that images from the camera lens may be viewed on the display screen.

Abstract: To accurately recognize the position and direction of an insertion member, there is provided an insertion system which detects operation support information such as an insertion amount and a rotation amount of the insertion member, and the position and shape of the distal end thereof.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for generating patient specific instruments for use as surgical guides. A region of interest within a body of a patient is scanned to provide a three-dimensional model of the region of interest. A first user is allowed to position a model of a selected implant with the three-dimensional model of the region of interest via a graphical user interface. A patient specific instrument model is generated from a generic patient specific instrument model according to the position of the model of the selected implant within the three-dimensional model of the region of interest and the position of at least one extension of the model that is not visible to the first user. A patient specific instrument is fabricated according to the patient specific instrument model.

Abstract: A no-touch surgical navigation method for guiding a surgical instrument corresponding to a part of a patient's anatomy is provided. An image registration step is for matching the preoperative implant device planning image and the part of the patient's anatomy via a spatial coordinate transformation relationship. An instrument checking step is for identifying the surgical instrument, and then calibrating a size of the surgical instrument to display an instrument tip mark on the displaying device. An implant device placement selecting step is for moving the surgical instrument by a user, and then the instrument tip mark is synchronously moved with the surgical instrument to select a virtual surgical instrument pattern. A skin incision and trajectory guiding step is for moving the surgical instrument according to a skin incision and trajectory guiding picture so as to move the instrument tip mark close to a planned surgical position.

Abstract: A stylet (100) includes a handle assembly (102) with an indicator display (112) and a stiff wire assembly (120) extending distally from the handle assembly (102) having a non-imaging ultrasonic device on a distal end. The stylet includes a circuit assembly having one or more of a pulser (120), a transmit/receive chip (132), a bandpass filter (134), a differential amplifier (136), an ADC (138), and an MCU (140), operable to control the operation of the ultrasonic device and to receive and analyze data from the ultrasonic device to facilitate implantation of a device such as a catheter.

Abstract: In an arthroendoscopical surgical method, a resection target area, and a freshening treatment area which becomes repair surfaces with bleeding, are identified, and a resection line and a freshening line are drawn on a tear site in a meniscus, which is emphasized by fluorescence with use of a fluorescent medicine under excitation light. Using an ultrasonic treatment tool and an arthroscope, the resection target area is resected by a probe which generates ultrasonic vibrations, based on the resection line and freshening line under visible-light illumination. Thus, an inclined resection surface is formed, and planar repair surfaces with bleeding are joined and repaired.

Abstract: There is provided an information processing apparatus including an image acquisition unit configured to acquire a captured image of users, a determination unit configured to determine an operator from among the users included in the acquired captured image, and a processing unit configured to conduct a process based on information about user line of sight corresponding to the determined operator.

Abstract: Provided is an endoscopy system including: an image signal generator connected to one side of a cable, including a signal transmitter for amplifying and transmitting an image signal so as to transmit the image signal of inner body through the cable; a signal processor connected the other side of the cable, for damping and receiving the image signal which is transmitted through the cable; a central processing unit for outputting an operation control signal to perform an user interface for the image signal; and an image processing unit for overlapping the user interface into the image signal outputted from the signal processor and for processing the image signal in accordance with the operation control signal.

Abstract: Provided is an endoscopy system including: an image signal generating unit which is connected to one side of a cable, and which includes a signal transmission unit configured to convert an image signal of inner body according to a protocol for long distance transmission and transmit a converted image signal so as to achieve transmission of the image signal through the cable; a signal processing unit connected to the other side of the cable, and receiving the converted image signal transmitted through the cable and converting the converted image signal into the image signal; a CPU configured to output a user interface for the image signal and an operation control signal according to a handling of the user interface of user; an image processing unit configured to overlap the user interface on the image signal output from the signal processing unit and process the image signal according to the operation control signal.

Abstract: An electric pulse generator for electroporator includes a poring pulse generator, and a transfer pulse generator. The poring generator includes an n-stage Cockroft-Walton circuit, and a first circuit branched from a branching point of wiring on output side of the Cockroft-Walton, the first circuit includes a switching switch that is turned off in high-voltage mode and turned on in low-voltage mode, a voltage value for switching between the modes is in 200 to 1400 V, the first circuit includes a second circuit in which m2 series of m1 series-connected capacitors are connected in parallel, the switch and second circuit are connected in series, and first wiring on output side of the second circuit is merged with second wiring on output side of the Cockroft-Walton on output side of the branching point, and a withstand voltage of the Cockroft-Walton is a value in 1500 to 5000 V in the high-voltage mode.

Abstract: A high contrast instrument, such as a radiopaque portion, can be captured and/or viewed in an image that is acquired with an imaging system, such as with a fluoroscopic imaging system. A statistical model can be used to assist in identifying a possible or probable location of a target. A user may move the instrument coil to the statistically probable location of the target to, for example, perform a procedure or carry out a task.

Abstract: Waypoints for a steerable medical device are stored as the steerable medical device is moved within a patient. The stored waypoints are an ordered sequence of locations. The ordered sequence of locations defines a safe path within the patient for moving an articulatable portion of the steerable medical device. The articulatable portion of the steerable medical device is constrained to follow the safe path as the articulatable portion moves within the patient. For example, the articulatable portion of the steerable medical device is constrained to remain within a boundary region enclosing the safe path as the articulatable portion of the steerable medical device follows the safe path.

Abstract: A system and a method of performing a frameless image-guided biopsy uses imaging, a six-dimensional robotic couch system, a laser guidance system, an optical distance indicator, and a needle control apparatus. A planning CT scan is made of the patient with stereotactic fiduciary markers to localize and produce digitally reconstructed radiographs. Two stereoscopic images are generated using an imaging device to visualize and identify a target tumor. The images are fused with the digitally reconstructed radiographs of the planning CT scan to process tumor location. The tumor location data are communicated to the movable robotic couch to position the target tumor of the patient at a known isocenter location. A biopsy needle is guided with a laser alignment mechanism towards the isocenter at the determined depth using a needle positioning apparatus and an Optical Distance Indicator, and a biopsy sample of the target tumor is obtained.

Abstract: A wireless transfer system includes: a wireless transmission section including: an input section configured to receive, as an input signal, one of a first video signal provided with ancillary information including identification information of a high-definition 3D/2D video signal and a second video signal not including the identification information; a video signal extraction section configured to extract one of the high-definition video signal and the second video signal from the input signal; an ancillary information extraction section configured to extract the ancillary information; a wireless video transmitter configured to wirelessly transmit extracted one of the high-definition video signal and the second video signal; and the like; and a wireless reception section including: a wireless video receiver configured to receive wirelessly transmitted one of the high-definition video signal and the second video signal; a wireless ancillary information receiver configured to receive the wirelessly transmitted

Abstract: Waypoints for a steerable medical device are stored as the steerable medical device is moved within a patient. The stored waypoints are an ordered sequence of locations. The ordered sequence of locations defines a safe path within the patient for moving an articulatable portion of the steerable medical device. The articulatable portion of the steerable medical device is constrained to follow the safe path as the articulatable portion moves within the patient. For example, the articulatable portion of the steerable medical device is constrained to remain within a boundary region enclosing the safe path as the articulatable portion of the steerable medical device follows the safe path.