Abstract: Certain aspects relate to systems and apparatuses with shielded wrists, and methods of actuating instruments with wrists. In one aspect, an instrument includes a shaft, an end effector, and a wrist connecting the shaft to the end effector. For example, the wrist may include a proximal clevis, a distal clevis, and an intermediary frame positioned between the proximal clevis and the distal clevis.

Abstract: A multi-degree-of-freedom flexible surgical instrument that includes a flexible continuous body structure (10) and a driving unit (20) is disclosed. The flexible continuous body structure (10) includes a distal structural body (11), a proximal structural body (16) and a middle connecting body (15). The distal structural body (11) includes a first distal structural segment (12) and a second distal structural segment (13). The proximal structural body (16) includes a proximal structural segment. Second segment structural backbones (163) located on the proximal structural segment are securely connected in one-to-one correspondence to or are the same as second segment structural backbones (133) located on the second distal structural segment (13). The middle connecting body (15) includes channel fixing plates (152), channel fixing blocks (153), first structural backbone guide channels (151) and second structural backbone guide channels (154).

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system for facilitating bending of an instrument in a surgical or medical robotic environment are provided. In one aspect, a surgical system includes an instrument comprising an end effector, the instrument capable of articulation via a bending section. The bending section includes a body including a first strut and a second strut, and a channel formed through the body. The first strut and the second strut form a gap therebetween, wherein the gap is in communication with the channel formed through the body.

Abstract: A coupler apparatus for coupling electrical signals between an actuator and an end effector is disclosed. The end effector is disposed at a distal end of an elongate articulated positioner and used to position the end effector for performing surgical operations. The articulated positioner has a central lumen and the apparatus includes an elongate body sized to be slidingly received within the central lumen of the articulated positioner, at least a portion of the body being operable to flex during movement of the articulated positioner. The apparatus also includes a plurality of electrical conductors extending through the body, and a plurality of proximal electrical contacts disposed at a proximal end of the body for removably connecting each of the electrical conductors to respective electrical signal lines at the actuator.

Abstract: A system and device for cryoablation of tissue that is suitable for use within an MRI environment. The device may include an elongate body, a treatment element at the distal portion of the elongate body, and one or more pull fibers. The pull fibers may be composed of a non-ferromagnetic material, such as a polymer. Likewise, none of the other device components may be composed of a ferromagnetic material. The device may also include at least one fiber optic sensor. The elongate body distal portion may include a distal tip to which the pull fibers are directly coupled. Additionally or alternatively, the elongate body may include one or more pull fiber lumens configured to allow the pull fibers to deflect the distal portion when a pull force is exerted on the pull fibers.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include a tissue repair system and related components and associated methods that provide for suturing of tissue using three or more suture anchoring implants, including multiple pairs of connected implants in some embodiments, all of which may be deployed from a single device. Some embodiments achieve this by employing a push mechanism capable of being activated to advance the push mechanism incrementally to discrete positions within the device and deploy implants one at a time from the device.

Abstract: Tools and methods are provided for delivering a device to a native valve of a patient's heart. A catheter can include a flexible tube, a plurality of links, and a control wire. Applying tension to the control wire pulls on the links, which causes links to bend the flexible tube.

Abstract: A bending section (5) for an endoscope (1) and the endoscope, where the bending section comprises a number of segments (12), where adjacent segments are connected by a first hinge (14) and a second hinge (24). Both the first and the second hinges are made integrally from the same material as the segments (12), and the first and second hinges are arranged for allowing the connected segments to bend in a bending plane. A second hinge at the distal end of a segment forms a continuous rib (44) with the second hinge (24) at the proximal end of the segment. This continuous rib is arranged perpendicular to the bending plane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nanoparticles, a preparation method thereof, a stone removal device, a magnetic target separation instrument and its application. The nanoparticles include a nanoparticle core made of magnetic materials, and a nanoparticle shell formed by attaching surface modifier monomers to the nanoparticle core with an initiator and/or a crosslinking agent. The prepared nanoparticles can wrap stones in ureter, and then small stones remaining in body can be removed quickly without damage from the body under the action of the magnetic target separation instrument. The stones can be drawn and moved without injuring ureteral wall, and meanwhile be disposed conveniently without easy shift.

Abstract: An endoscopy device is configured with a flexible cannula or tube for nasal insertion and has multiple parallel and adjacent lumens that provide sub-chambers configured to provide means to diagnose and treat Barrett's esophagus, such as by spray cryo-therapy with no further insertion of tubes. The lumens are configured to impart a small diameter with sufficient flexibility for nasal insertion into a patient's esophagus and accommodate a means any treatment modality. In the case of cryo-therapy, a lumen provides gas pressure relief, and is along the tube, with separate lumens for the delivery of a liquid freezing agent and an imaging means, which includes a source of illumination. Outer lumens may support guide wires used to steer the tube tip and aim the camera to determine the where to immobilize tip before the start of the treatment and/or to correct strictures formed in prior procedures.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an insertion device for a robotic surgery apparatus can include one or more guides configured to receive and/or engage a plurality of control links. The one or more guides can each include a plurality of channels. The insertion device can include a tool interface configured to engage one or more surgical tools for performing a surgical procedure. At least one control link of the first, second, or third pluralities of control links can be overlapping, coaxially aligned, or otherwise placed in a nested configuration with respect to another control link of the first, second, or third pluralities of control links. One or more of the plurality of first, second, or third control links can be configured to be actuated to adjust spatial position of the tool interface to facilitate repositioning of the surgical tool.

Abstract: A surgical instrument including: a main body; an elongated shaft tube connected to the main body, the shaft tube having at least one working channel tube arranged in an interior of the shaft tube, the at least one working channel tube extending in a longitudinal direction of the shaft tube; and a connection body coupled to a proximal end region of the main body; wherein a proximal end region of the at least one working channel tube is accommodated inside the connection body and is sealed with respect to the connection body.

Abstract: Certain aspects relate to articulating medical instruments and corresponding systems and techniques. An articulating medical instrument can include an elongated shaft having two shaft sections and a bending section positioned therebetween. The instrument can include an articulation handle positioned at a proximal end of the shaft, and one or motors positioned within the articulation handle and configured to articulate the first bending section. The instrument can also include an insertion handle coupled to the shaft that enables translation of the shaft relative to the insertion handle.

Abstract: The present invention provides an imaging probe for imaging mammalian tissues and structures using high resolution imaging, including high frequency ultrasound and optical coherence tomography. The imaging probes structures using high resolution imaging use combined high frequency ultrasound (IVUS) and optical imaging methods such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to accurate co-registering of images obtained from ultrasound image signals and optical image signals during scanning a region of interest.

Abstract: An articulatable member includes a distal end, a proximal end, an actuation member, and a constraint member. The actuation member extends from the proximal end to the distal end. The actuation member transmits force to bend the articulatable member from a neutral position. The constraint member extends from the proximal end to the distal end. The constraint member may have opposite ends that are fixed to the distal end and the proximal end. In one embodiment, the constraint member follows a helical path along at least a portion of the articulatable member from the proximal end to the distal end. In another embodiment, the actuation member follows a helical path along at least a portion of the articulatable member.

Abstract: A wire-driven manipulator including a driver, a first deforming section including a first distal member, a plurality of first guide members, and a plurality of first wires, and a second deforming section provided between the first deforming section and the driver with the second deforming section including a second distal member, a plurality of second guide members, and a plurality of second wires. The plurality of first wires are fixed to the first distal member, and at least one of the plurality of first wires is further fixed to the plurality of first guide members and other wires of the plurality of the first wires are slidable with respect to the plurality of first guide members. The plurality of second wires are fixed to the second distal member, and at least one of the plurality of second wires is further fixed to the plurality of second guide members and the other wires of the plurality of the first wires are slidable with respect to the plurality of second guide members.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for amplifying a region of interest in a surgical environment. The system includes a stereo endoscope having a first camera and a second camera configured to obtain one or more images of the surgical environment. The system also includes a computer that has a central processing unit (CPU) configured to determine the region of interest in the surgical environment, a first controller configured to process the one or more images from the first camera to generate first amplified image(s), and a second controller configured to process the one or more images from the second camera to generate second amplified image(s). The first and second controllers process the one or more images based on the region of interest determined by the CPU. A display displays the one or more first amplified images and the one or more second amplified images.

Abstract: A pulmonary access device comprises an elongated shaft having a proximal shaft section, a bendable shaft section, a distal shaft section, and a channel. The pulmonary access device further comprises a profiled stylet configured for being disposed in the working channel of the elongated shaft, the profiled stylet having a proximal stylet section with a first lateral stiffness profile, an intermediate stylet section having a second lateral stiffness profile less than the first lateral stiffness profile, a distal stylet section, wherein, when the profiled stylet is disposed in the working channel of the elongated shaft, the intermediate stylet section axially aligns with the bendable shaft section. The pulmonary access device further comprises a pull wire affixed to the distal shaft section, such that, when the pull wire is tensioned, the bendable shaft section bends, thereby deflecting the distal shaft section relative to the proximal shaft section.

Abstract: A deflectable catheter with biased deflection characteristics has an elongated catheter body having a micro-injection molded spine that is configured with a center core, outwardly extending opposing struts, and one or more sets of longitudinally-aligned and discrete fins, wherein the struts resist deflection of the spine in a first plane and bias deflection of the spine in a second plane, wherein parameters of the discrete fins define deflection characteristics of the spine in the second plane.

Abstract: An introducer has a shaft with a central lumen, a control handle with a deflection assembly, and a tensile member with a distal portion extending along opposing sides of within the shaft and a proximal portion extending within the control handle. The deflection assembly has a deflection arm, and a rotatable member rotationally coupled to the deflection arm, wherein the rocker member has at least one pulley engaged with the proximal tensile member portion. Rotation of the deflection arm in one direction draws the proximal tensile member portion for deflecting the shaft.

Abstract: A medical instrument may comprise a plurality of links disposed in series along an axial direction. The plurality of links also may comprise a brake assembly comprise one or more first braking components coupled to a first link in the pair of adjacent links and one or more second braking components coupled to a second link in the pair of adjacent links. The one or more first braking components and the one or more second braking components may have an interleaved arrangement with each other. The braking assembly may be actuatable between an engaged state and a disengaged state, wherein the one or more first braking components and the one or more second braking components inhibit the pair of adjacent links from pivoting relative to one another in the engaged state of the brake assembly, and wherein the one or more first braking components and the one or more second braking components permit the pair of adjacent links pivoting relative to one another in the disengaged state of the brake assembly.

Abstract: A method of producing a bendable tip for an instrument, is provided, which includes: mounting a tube for an instrument in a CNC controlled rotational and axially movable holder of a laser cutting machine, with a distal end of the tube extending form the holder; activating a laser cutter; cutting wedge shaped partial circumferential openings in the tube to define a plurality of radially extending ribs at the distal end of the tube, with the ribs being connected together by an axially extending spine, and the ribs having first and second axial sides; during cutting, forming in each of the ribs in at least one of the first or second axial sides, at least one of an axial projection or a recess, and forming in a facing one of the at least one of the first or second axial sides of an adjacent one of the ribs at least one of a corresponding complementary mating recess or a corresponding axial projection.

Abstract: A shank instrument, particularly a medical-endoscopic shank instrument includes a hollow shank which between two rigid parts includes a part which is bendable transversely to a hollow shank longitudinal extension. The bendable part is fixedly connected to at least one of the rigid parts, in a manner such that two projections which are formed on a peripheral wall of one of the parts connected to one another, are arranged lying opposite one another on a peripheral wall and project in a direction of a longitudinal axis of the part, positively engage into two recesses which are formed lying opposite one another on a peripheral wall of the other part and which completely break through the peripheral wall. At the outer periphery, the parts of the hollow shank which are positively connected to one another, in the region of the positive connection are surrounded by a component.

Abstract: A steerable device, such as a steerable catheter, may include a control handle and an insertion shaft extending outwardly therefrom. In use, the insertion shaft is navigated to an area of interest for examination and/or treatment thereof. The steerable device may include a steering system that controls the deflection angle of the distal end of the insertion shaft in two or more non-planar directions for navigating the insertion shaft to the area of interest. The steering system may also include a locking mechanism for arresting or partially arresting the movement of the distal end of the insertion shaft in a first direction independent of arresting or partially arresting the movement of the distal end in a second non-planar direction.

Abstract: A long articulating steerable clip applier affixed to a user-operated handle. A surgical jaw assembly is attached to the other end of the clip applier. The clip applier is composed of articulating phalanges that are connected end to end by pivoting links and capable of angulations relative to one another when subjected to a tensile force. Each phalange has opposing s-shaped exterior grooves that form two continuous spiral-shaped channels for holding tension wires once the phalanges are assembled. Multiple tension wires are attached to opposite ends of adjacent phalanges. When each wire is pulled, this tensile force causes the phalanges to pivot at equivalent angles with each other. As each individual phalange pivots by an equivalent angle, the sum of these angles causes the free end of the clip applier to pivot by a large angle or a cascading actuation effect.

Abstract: A delivery device for a collapsible prosthetic heart valve includes an outer shaft having a first end and a second end, an inner shaft disposed inside the outer shaft and longitudinally movable relative to the outer shaft, and a distal sheath coupled to the inner shaft and movable with the inner shaft to selectively cover and uncover a compartment for housing the valve. The outer shaft includes a plurality of disks each having at least two hinges to allow articulation of adjacent disks relative to one another, and at least one rib for coupling the adjacent disks to one another.

Abstract: An instrument comprises a flexible body comprising a proximal portion, a distal portion, and an inner sheath within the proximal portion. The inner sheath comprises a wall and a plurality of conduits extending through the wall within the proximal portion. A distal end of each conduit terminates proximal to the distal portion. The inner sheath further comprises a plurality of protrusions within the proximal portion. Each protrusion surrounds a portion of a corresponding conduit. The flexible body further comprises a steerable tube extending within the distal portion. The steerable tube comprises a wall and a plurality of grooves in the wall. The instrument further comprises a plurality of tendons extending from the proximal portion, beyond the distal ends of the plurality of conduits, and into the distal portion. In the proximal portion, each tendon extends through a corresponding conduit. In the distal portion, each tendon extends within a corresponding groove.

Abstract: A steerable laser probe may include a handle, an actuation lever, an optic fiber, and a housing tube. The housing tube may have a first housing tube portion having a first stiffness and a second housing tube portion having a second stiffness. The second stiffs ness may be greater than the first stiffness. The optic fiber may be disposed within the housing tube and within an inner bore of the handle. An actuation of the actuation lever about a pivot pin of the handle may gradually curve the optic fiber. An actuation of the actuation lever about the pivot pin of the handle may gradually straighten the optic fiber.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling microbial growth on and in medical devices and implants, especially biofilm infections, involves using pulsed electric fields (PEF). To eradicate at least a portion of a biofilm on a medical implant, for example, 1500 volts can be applied through an electrode system, with pulse duration of 50 ?s and pulse delivery frequency of 2 Hz. In the clinical setting, systemic microbial therapy can be combined with PEF to achieve a synergistic effect leading to improved eradication of infections.

Abstract: A guide catheter extension, including a push member having a lumen, a proximal end and a distal end; a tube frame defining a lumen therein, a longitudinal axis, and a proximal segment and a distal segment, wherein the tube frame comprises a plurality of cut patterns therein; and a tongue element extending from the proximal segment of the tube frame, wherein the tongue element is coupled to the push member.

Abstract: Sinusitis and other disorders of the ear, nose and throat are diagnosed and/or treated using minimally invasive approaches with flexible or rigid instruments. Various methods and devices are used for remodeling or changing the shape, size or configuration of a sinus ostium or duct or other anatomical structure in the ear, nose or throat; implanting a device, cells or tissues; removing matter from the ear, nose or throat; delivering diagnostic or therapeutic substances or performing other diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Introducing devices (e.g., guide catheters, tubes, guidewires, elongate probes, other elongate members) may be used to facilitate insertion of working devices (e.g. catheters e.g. balloon catheters, guidewires, tissue cutting or remodeling devices, devices for implanting elements like stents, electrosurgical devices, energy emitting devices, devices for delivering diagnostic or therapeutic agents, substance delivery implants, scopes etc.

Abstract: A steerable transseptal punch system and method of using the steerable transseptal punch system to access the left atrium.

Abstract: An endoscope includes an insertion section configured to be inserted into a subject to observe an inside of the subject. The insertion section includes a cylindrical connection member, and a hard member having a fitting portion fitted into the connection member and secured to the connection member with an adhesive applied on an outer surface of the fitting portion. At least one of the fitting portion and the connection member includes: a dam portion extending in an axial direction of the insertion section along the outer surface of the fitting portion to block the adhesive flowing along the outer surface of the fitting portion; and a storage portion continuously provided to the dam portion to partially store the adhesive blocked by the dam portion.

Abstract: A surgical instrument is inserted through a guide tube. The surgical instrument exits at an intermediate position of the guide tube and is oriented to be substantially parallel to the guide tube's longitudinal axis as it exits. A stereoscopic image capture component is on the guide tube between the intermediate position and the guide tube's distal end. The image capture component's field of view is generally perpendicular to the guide tube's longitudinal axis. The guide tube is jointed to allow the image capture component to be moved. The surgical instruments and the guide tube are telemanipulatively controlled.

Abstract: A guide catheter may include a tubular member having an inner layer defining a lumen extending therethrough, a reinforcing braid disposed about the inner layer, a plurality of steering wires interwoven through the reinforcing braid, and an outer layer disposed about the reinforcing braid. At least a portion of the reinforcing braid may be embedded within the outer layer. An introducer sleeve may be slidably disposed over the tubular member. A flush port element may be operably connected to the introducer sleeve.

Abstract: A steerable catheter device includes a catheter body, a flexing tip member coupled to a distal end of the catheter body and having a wall with a first plurality of arcuate slits and a second plurality of arcuate slits, the first and second plurality of slits being diametrically opposed and alternating with each other, and an actuator that bends the flexing tip member, wherein at least a portion of the catheter body includes a braided sheath, and wherein each of the first and second plurality of slits has two ends and a center positioned midway between the two ends, and wherein all of the first plurality of slits have centers positioned along a first axis substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the catheter body and all of the second plurality of slits have centers positioned along a second axis substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the catheter body.

Abstract: An articulated tip part (3) for an endoscope (1). The articulated tip part (3) comprises a distal end segment (4), a proximal end segment (6) and a number of intermediate segments (5) arranged between the distal end segment (4) and the proximal end segment (6). Each intermediate segment (5) comprises a first passage (8) adapted to accommodate and support an outer wall (11) of a tube (9) providing a working channel of the endoscope (1).

Abstract: A bend stiffener 4 comprising a plurality of beams 5a-g arranged to be disposed around a tubular member 2. A support is provided for connecting the bend stiffener 4 to the tubular member 2. A first rigid rod 6a connects a first beam 5b of the plurality of beams to a second beam 5c of the plurality of beams. The first rigid rod 6a is connected at a surface of the first beam 5b such that it does not lie on the same axis as a second rigid rod 7a connected at an opposite surface of the first beam 5a. A stiffness of any of the plurality of beams and connectors between beams and rods provides bend stiffening to the tubular member 2.

Abstract: An instrument for navigating a surgical device includes a hollow shaft having a longitudinal axis and a distal end. The distal end of the hollow shaft includes a flexible section, a handle and an articulation surface positioned adjacent the handle. The handle is polyaxially displaceable against the articulation surface and relative to the longitudinal axis of the hollow shaft. At least one tensioning element extends substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hollow shaft. The at least one tensioning element is operable to bend the flexible section in response to polyaxial displacement of the handle relative to the longitudinal axis of the hollow shaft.

Abstract: A bending portion includes: a bending piece set in which a plurality of bending pieces are continuously provided by forming a convex portion on a first bending piece and a concave portion on a second bending piece by cutting a rigid pipe, the convex portion and the concave portion forming an engagement portion that pivotably couples adjacent bending pieces to each other, wherein a first engagement portion includes: a first convex portion formed on the first bending piece and including a first peripheral portion serving as a first pivoting surface; and a first concave portion formed on the second bending piece and including a first inner circumferential portion on which the first peripheral portion slides, and the first engagement portion has, in the first peripheral portion, a tapered surface having an outer diameter that becomes smaller from a bending piece inner surface side toward a bending piece outer surface side.

Abstract: An instrument that facilitates bending with large degrees of articulation while maintaining ease of manufacturing for medical and surgical applications is discussed.

Abstract: A highly articulated robotic probe (HARP) is comprised of a first mechanism and a second mechanism, one or both of which can be steered in desired directions. Each mechanism can alternate between being rigid and limp. In limp mode the mechanism is highly flexible. When one mechanism is limp, the other is rigid. The limp mechanism is then pushed or pulled along the rigid mechanism. The limp mechanism is made rigid, thereby assuming the shape of the rigid mechanism. The rigid mechanism is made limp and the process repeats. These innovations allow the device to drive anywhere in three dimensions. The device can “remember” its previous configurations, and can go anywhere in a body or other structure (e.g. jet engine). When used in medical applications, once the device arrives at a desired location, the inner core mechanism can be removed and another functional device such as a scalpel, clamp or other tool slid through the rigid sleeve to perform.

Abstract: A system for controlling a medical device includes a shaft rotatable about a longitudinal axis and a plurality of arms extending radially outwards from the shaft. Each arm includes an inward end positioned near the shaft and an outward end. The system also includes a collapsible pulley formed from a plurality of pulley pieces. At least one of the pulley pieces is slidably mounted on at least one of the plurality of arms and has a surface configured to receive at least one control element. The system further includes at least one biasing member located between the shaft and the at least one slidably-mounted pulley piece.

Abstract: Methods and devices for separating an implanted object, such as a pacemaker lead, from tissue surrounding such object in a patient's vasculature system. Specifically, the surgical device includes a handle, an elongate inner sheath and a circular cutting blade that extends from the distal end of the sheath upon actuating the handle. The circular cutting blade is configured to engage the tissue surrounding an implanted lead and cut such tissue in a coring fashion as the surgical device translates along the length of the lead, thereby allowing the lead, as well as any tissue remaining attached to the lead, to enter the device's elongate shaft. The surgical device has a barrel cam cylinder in the handle assembly that imparts rotation of the blade and a separate cam mechanism in the tip of outer sheath assembly that imparts and controls the extension and retraction of the blade.

Abstract: An access port for use in single port surgery includes a cannula to provide minimally invasive access to a surgical site and an instrument guide that fits closely within the cannula. The instrument guide includes guide channels that are open to the outside surface of the instrument guide. Each of the guide channels is configured to support a single surgical instrument at a defined position within the cannula. The guide channels may be smoothly enlarged at the end that receives surgical instruments. The access port may further include a seal that couples the instrument guide to the cannula such that the seal retains a pressurized insufflation fluid within the surgical site. The instrument guide may include one or more insufflation channels for introducing an insufflation fluid to the surgical site. The access port may include a flexible section. The surgical instruments may be controlled robotically by servo actuators.

Abstract: A system comprises a handpiece body configured to couple to a proximal end of a medical instrument and a manual actuator mounted in the handpiece body. The system further includes a plurality of drive inputs mounted in the handpiece body. The drive inputs are configured for removable engagement with a motorized drive mechanism. A first drive component is operably coupled to the manual actuator and also operably coupled to one of the plurality of drive inputs. The first drive component controls movement of a distal end of the medical instrument in a first direction. A second drive component is operably coupled to the manual actuator and also operably coupled to another one of the plurality of drive inputs. The second drive component controls movement of the distal end of the medical instrument in a second direction.

Abstract: A device sized and shaped for insertion into a body comprising: at least one mechanical limb comprising: a support segment; a first flexible section extending from the support segment and terminating in a coupling section; and a second flexible section extending from the coupling section and terminating in a tool or a connector for a tool; wherein a long axis of one or more of the flexible sections is bendable in a single bending plane; wherein a long axis length of the first flexible section is at least double a maximum extent of the first flexible section perpendicular to a flexible section long axis; wherein a long axis length of the second flexible section is at least double a maximum extent of the second flexible section perpendicular to a flexible section long axis.

Abstract: A steerable endoluminal device adapted for delivery into a patient's vasculature. The device includes a tubular member having a distal deflection portion that extends to the distal end and a main body portion that extends from the deflectable portion to the proximal end, the tubular member further including a stiff portion extending along the distal deflection portion, and being formed of polymeric material, which is disposed circumferentially adjacent to the stiff portion. The stiff portion is made of a material that has an elastic modulus greater than the elastic modulus of the polymeric material. A pull wire extends between the proximal end and the distal end of the tubular member and is attached to the distal deflection portion to control deflection of the distal deflection portion of the tubular member.

Abstract: An isolated force/torque sensor assembly for a force controlled robot includes an end effector for operatively attaching to an arm of the force controlled robot, the end effector having a gripping portion adapted to be gripped by a hand of a user, and a force/torque sensor adapted to be disposed between the gripping portion and the arm of the robot, the force/torque sensor having a high force end effector interface adapted to be attached to the arm of the robot, a low force end effector interface operatively attached to the gripping portion, and a transducer disposed between the high force end effector interface and the low force end effector interface for reacting to loads applied to the low force end effector interface for user controlled positioning of a surgical tool and for generating corresponding output signals, and wherein the transducer is bypassed for high loads.

Abstract: The invention provides surgical or diagnostic tools and associated methods that offer user control for operating remotely within regions of the body. These tools include a proximally-located actuator for the operation of a distal end effector, as well as proximally-located actuators for articulational and rotational movements of the end effector. Control mechanisms and methods refine operator control of end effector actuation and of these articulational and rotational movements. An articulation lock allows the fixing and releasing of both neutral and articulated configurations of the tool and of consequent placement of the end effector. The tool may also include other features. A multi-state ratchet for end effector actuation provides enablement-disablement options with tactile feedback. A force limiter mechanism protects the end effector and manipulated objects from the harm of potentially excessive force applied by the operator.