Abstract: An endoscope has a first bending portion and a second bending portion. The first bending portion is the distal portion of an elongated insertion member and bent in four directions substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the insertion member. The second bending portion is bent in at least two directions substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the insertion member. The endoscope further includes a hand-held unit having a control section that is used to bend the first bending portion and second bending portion. The control section of the handheld unit has an angling knob that is used to bend the first bending portion, and a second angling lever that is used to bend the second bending portion.

Abstract: A bendable tube used for an endoscope or the like, includes a plurality of joint pieces 11 arranged in a row. Each of the joint pieces is provided at one end portion thereof with a pair of first connecting portions 12 and at the other end portion with a pair of second connecting portions 13. The first connecting portions 12 are projected in a center axis direction of the joint piece and arranged 180 degrees away from each other in a peripheral direction, and the second connecting portions 13 are projected in the opposite direction to the first connecting portions 12 and arranged 180 degrees away from each other in the peripheral direction. The first connecting portion 12 is formed with a through-hole 12a (retaining portion) and the second connecting portion 13 is formed with a protrusion 13a. The first and second connecting portions 12, 13 of the adjacent joint pieces 11 are connected together only by fitting engagement between the protrusion 13a and the through-hole 12a.

Abstract: A fully-swallowable endoscopic system includes a rod-shaped endoscope body which can be swallowed entirely by a patient and placed in a body cavity; and a separate external device having no mechanical connection with the rod-shaped endoscope body. The rod-shaped endoscope body includes at least one hard portion each having at least one light emitter and at least one observing system; at least one flexible portion; and at least two bending portions, the at least two bending portions being respectively positioned on the opposite ends of at least one of the at least one flexible portion and being more flexible than the at least one flexible portion. The rod-shaped endoscope body is provided therein with a transmitter for transmitting a radio wave which carries an image formed by the observing system, and a power supplying device. The external device includes a receiver for receiving the radio wave which carries the image.

Abstract: A fully-swallowable endoscopic system includes a rod-shaped endoscope body which can be swallowed entirely by a patient to be examined so as to be placed in a body cavity, the rod-shaped endoscope body including two bendable portions having different lengths which are respectively provided close to the opposite ends of the rod-shaped endoscope body; and an external device provided separately from the rod-shaped endoscope body having no mechanical connection with the rod-shaped endoscope body. The rod-shaped endoscope body is provided therein with at least one light emitter, at least one observing system, a transmitter for transmitting a radio wave which carries an image formed by the observing system, and a power supplying device. The external device includes a receiver for receiving the radio wave which carries the image.

Abstract: An endoscope has a first bending portion, a second bending portion, and a hand-held unit. The first bending portion is the distal portion of an elongated insertion member. The second bending portion is located at the proximal end of the first bending portion. The hand-held unit is located at the proximal end of the insertion member and has a control section that is used to bend the first bending portion and second bending portion. In the endoscope, the control section of the hand-held unit includes a bending knob, a second bending lever, a first locking lever, and a second locking lever. The angling knob is used to bend the first bending portion, and the second angling lever is used to bend the second bending portion. The first locking lever is used to lock the angling knob at a predetermined angular position, and the second angling lever is used to lock the second angling lever at a predetermined angular position.

Abstract: A steerable endoscope has an elongated body with a selectively steerable distal portion and an automatically controlled proximal portion. The endoscope body is inserted into a patient and the selectively steerable distal portion is used to select a desired path within the patient's body. When the endoscope body is advanced, an electronic motion controller operates the automatically controlled proximal portion to assume the selected curve of the selectively steerable distal portion. Another desired path is selected with the selectively steerable distal portion and the endoscope body is advanced again. As the endoscope body is further advanced, the selected curves propagate proximally along the endoscope body, and when the endoscope body is withdrawn proximally, the selected curves propagate distally along the endoscope body. This creates a serpentine motion in the endoscope body allowing it to negotiate tortuous curves along a desired path through or around and between organs within the body.

Abstract: An endoscope has a first bending portion, a second bending portion, and a hand-held unit. The first bending portion is the distal portion of an elongated insertion member and has a plurality of joint pieces concatenated so that the joint pieces can rotate freely. The second bending portion is located at the proximal end of the first bending portion, and has a plurality of joint pieces concatenated so that the joint pieces can rotate freely. The hand-held unit is located at the proximal end of the insertion member, and has a control section that is used to bend the first bending portion and second bending portion. In the endoscope, the control section of the hand-held unit has an angling knob that is used to bend the first bending portion, and a second angling lever that is used to bend the second bending portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to an endoscope shaft comprising a hose body which forms a central working conduit and a number of functional conduits. According to the invention, the hose body is manufactured of an extruded synthetic material surrounded by a silicone clothing or cover which forms the outer layer of the endoscope shaft.

Abstract: Multiple ring-shape cylindrical members (3) and four wires (4) that link these cylindrical members (3) in a tubular shape are provided. Each cylindrical member (3) comprises two first protruding parts (33) which protrude from the top end face (31) and are formed at both ends of a first diameter (D1), two second protruded parts (34) which protrude from the bottom end face (32) and are formed at both ends of a second diameter (D2), two first small cylindrical members (35) for wire insertion mounted on the outer circumferential face of the cylindrical member respectively at the vicinity of each protruded part (33), and two second small cylindrical members (36) mounted on the outer circumferential face of the cylindrical member respectively at the vicinity of each second protruded part (35), and the first diameter (D1) and the second diameter (D2) are approximately perpendicular.

Abstract: A robotic endoscope for performing endoscopic procedures in a tubular organ comprising: (a) a plurality of segments, connected together by a plurality of flexible articulated joints, having a distal end; (b) a plurality of flexible linear actuators attached, skewed sideways with respect to the longitudinal axis of said robot, circumferentially round each segment; (c) a central cavity running longitudinally through said robotic endoscope which houses a plurality of optical fibres, a water/air hose, an instrumentation channel and a plurality of electrical wires associated with an imaging means being mounted at the distal end of the robotic endoscope; and (d) a network of tributary channels for the distribution of pressure to said linear actuators. The present invention is also applicable to an autonomous pipe robot.

Abstract: An endoscope contains no adhesives, epoxies, or other organic materials. The endoscope includes a set of lenses held in position by cylindrical spacers. A pair of windows seal the ends of the endoscope, and prevent the lenses and spacers from falling out. The windows are brazed to the endoscope. Due to the use of brazing, no adhesives are needed to hold the lenses or windows in place. Thus, one can sterilize the endoscope in the high temperature environment of an autoclave, without risking damage to the optical components. The brazing produces a hermetic seal which enables the endoscope to function properly in an environment of high temperature or high pressure, or in chemically abusive environments.

Abstract: An endoscope system having a cover type endoscope provided with an elongate inserting section having therein an observation device and an illuminating device and bulge portions formed on the outer periphery at the side of a forwardmost end of the inserting section; and an endoscope cover having an endoscope inserting passage for covering and protecting the inserting section. The endoscope inserting passage receives the inserting section using the bulge portions as a guide. The bulge portions project more than the outer periphery of the inserting section.

Abstract: In an endoscope, an elastic member made of a super elastic alloy, for instance, bridges the distal end portion of an insertion portion and the proximal end portion of a tip portion so that a space portion having a given interval is formed in between. A curving mechanism advances or retreats a manipulation wire that extends from the tip portion to the proximal side of the insertion portion, whereby curving or bending occurs at the space portion between the tip portion and the insertion portion.

Abstract: A densely wound coil and a wire which passes through the coil are inserted into a flexible part which has a flexibility. The coil which is fixed in the vicinity of a distal end of the wire has a proximal end thereof which is regulated in movement toward a rearward side by a stopper. The wire which extends rearward from the proximal end of the coil has a proximal end thereof which is drawn or pulled toward the rearward side by angular movement of an adjustment knob which is provided in the vicinity of a forward end of an operation part. By this traction, a compressive force is relatively applied to the coil to make flexibility of the coil changeable. Indicia associated with the adjustment knob alerts the user to the level of flexibility to which the adjustment knob is moved.

Abstract: A system to actuate and support surgical diagnostic flexible and orientable instruments of the endoluminal and/or endoscopic type, comprising at least a distal part, a proximal part and a medial part, characterized in that at least the distal part consists of vertebrae-like elements formed of portions of two dihedrals, delimited by a cylindrical surface, one of the dihedrals being convex with a projecting edge and belonging to a preceding vertebra, the other dihedral being concave, namely with a reentering edge, belonging to the successive vertebra.

Abstract: A series of medical instruments can be made with the use of shape memory tube with a transformation temperature that is above or below the ambient temperature. In the first case, the material behaves with the shape memory effect and in the second case the behavior is superelastic. The wall of the tube has been provided with a plurality of slots in specific places, often near or at the distal end of the instrument, and in specific arrangements which allow local variations in diameter, shape, and/or length. These variations can either be caused by the memory effect during temperature change or by superelastic behavior during change of the mechanical influences on the memory metal by the surrounding material.

Abstract: An endoscope having a shaft with a deflectable section. The deflectable section has a plurality of rings movably connected in series to each other. The rings are connected to each other by first and second interlocking sections. The first interlocking sections have eyelet shaped sections. The second interlocking sections have tabs with sections larger than the windows in the eyelet shaped sections.

Abstract: A mechanism is described to provide dexterity through articulation. The mechanism includes a plurality of concatenated segments for transferring angular rotational motion from a driving device located at its base to the distal end. Each segment in the mechanism acts as both a driven element and a driving element whereby each segment is articulated so that the total articulation of the mechanism is the sum of the articulation motions of each segment.

Abstract: A densely wound coil and a wire which passes through the coil are inserted into a flexible part which has a flexibility. The coil which is fixed in the vicinity of a distal end of the wire has a proximal end thereof which is regulated in movement toward a rearward side by a stopper. The wire which extends rearward from the proximal end of the coil has a proximal end thereof which is drawn or pulled toward the rearward side by angular movement of an adjustment knob which is provided in the vicinity of a forward end of an operation part. By this traction, a compressive force is relatively applied to the coil to make flexibility of the coil changeable. By an O-ring which is urged against the adjustment knob, even if a hand is removed after the adjustment knob has been operated, the adjustment knob can be locked to the state by a frictional force.

Abstract: An instrument and method for retracting or repositioning a distal anatomic structure (organ) having a lumen (cavity) by remote manipulation. The method includes advancing the distal end of a flexible variform intraluminal member in a linear shape through a lumen (i.e., the esophagus) in the body to a distal location (the stomach), and deforming the distal end of the instrument to a rigid articulated (arched or curved) shape which retracts tissue surrounding the lumen. Further axial or rotational manipulation of a handle attached to the member correspondingly further retracts the distal anatomic structure to facilitate an endoscopic surgery.

Abstract: An endoscopic instrument is disclosed which comprises a shank with a bendable region. The bendability is achieved by almost complete circumferential transverse recesses which form segments bendable to each other. To increase the robustness of the shank, the segments, at their free ends, are provided with guides which engage a neighbouring recess and are adapted to the contour of the shank. Furthermore in the lateral regions of the shank there are incorporated positive locking elements, which prevent the overloading of the shank on over-extension.

Abstract: In the present invention, an easily assembled, reliable bending neck is formed for use with invasive medical devices. The bending neck comprises a series of pivotally hinged segments, each having a central lumen. The segments are positioned end-to-end, while the lumens collectively provide a shaft to accommodate delicate interconnections to a head assembly attached to the bending neck. Separate from the lumen are channels formed in each segment. The channels, combined from each segment, run the length of the bending neck and are aligned to accommodate cables used to articulate the bending neck. The separation of the lumen from the channels isolates the delicate interconnections from the motion of the cables as the bending neck is articulated.The cables and the separated lumen and channels form a bending neck having high reliability, that is easy to assemble, for use with invasive medical devices.

Abstract: An articulation mechanism for an endoscope wherein the endoscope has a generally elongated shaft and cables extending between a control head located at the proximal end thereof and an objective assembly located at the distal end thereof wherein the objective assembly is capable of being deflected over an arcuate co-planar path by the articulation mechanism is shown. The articulation mechanism comprises a proximal ring having a first outer edge and a second outer edge and the proximal ring is operative coupled to the distal end of the endoscope at one of the first outer ring and second outer ring and having a coupling member defined on the other of the first outer ring and second outer ring. A central ring having a first outer edge and a second outer edge, each of which defines an actuation member, is operatively connected by one of the actuation members to the coupling member.

Abstract: A surgical instrument for performing endoscopic surgical procedures. In one embodiment, the instrument includes a knife that remains unexposed until initiation of a cutting sequence, and returns to an unexposed position at the conclusion of the cutting sequence, minimizing the risk of injury to the person handling the instrument. In another embodiment, the instrument includes a flexible neck for articulating a surgical head assembly with respect to the shaft of the instrument. In another embodiment, a device for locking the articulated head at an angle of articulation is provided. In yet another embodiment, a mechanism for opening and closing an anvil assembly is disclosed.

Abstract: A surgical instrument for performing endoscopic surgical procedures. In one embodiment, the instrument includes a knife that remains unexposed until initiation of a cutting sequence, and returns to an unexposed position at the conclusion of the cutting sequence, minimizing the risk of injury to the person handling the instrument. In another embodiment, the instrument includes a flexible neck for articulating a surgical head assembly with respect to the shaft of the instrument. In another embodiment, a device for locking the articulated head at an angle of articulation is provided. In yet another embodiment, a mechanism for opening and closing an anvil assembly is disclosed.

Abstract: The endoscope comprises a probe for ultrasound echography, a manual control housing (12) carrying adjustment members that are connected by cables to the base, a tube (50) fixed to the housing and having cables passing therealong, and a mechanical coupler enabling the base to be given a position that is angularly adjustable. The mechanical coupler has a plurality of links connected in series that are capable of tilting relative to one another. The links are maintained pressed mutually against one another solely by cables for putting them under resilient tension from the housing. They are all of the same shape and the shape is such as to allow each link to tilt in at least one direction from a position in which the coupler is essentially straight.

Abstract: A multi-degree-of-freedom manipulator includes a flexible tube having a plurality of flex portions provided therealong, a plurality of actuators made of shape memory alloy and respectively provided near the flex portions to correspond to the flex portions, for flexing the flex portions, two common energy transmission paths, extending along the flexible tube, for transmitting an energy to the actuators, and selective energy supply members, provided between the common energy transmission paths and the actuators in series, for controlling the energy supplied from the common energy transmission path to the actuators, thereby respectively independently driving the actuators to bend the flexible tube.

Abstract: An instrument and method for retracting or repositioning a distal anatomic structure (organ) having a lumen (cavity) by remote manipulation. The method includes advancing the distal end of a flexible variform intraluminal member in a linear shape through a lumen (i.e., the esophagus) in the body to a distal location (the stomach), and deforming the distal end of the instrument to a rigid articulated (arched or curved) shape which retracts tissue surrounding the lumen. Further axial or rotational manipulation of a handle attached to the member correspondingly further retracts the distal anatomic structure to facilitate an endoscopic surgery.

Abstract: A covering endoscope having a curving portion composed of a plurality of curving pieces and an observation optical system and an endoscope cover having an inserting path for inserting the endoscope and a contained unit provided along the inserting path. A side of the curving pieces facing the contained unit is formed of flat surfaces and a coupling portion coupling adjacent ones of the curving pieces are provided in a position near the flat surfaces from a center of the endoscope.

Abstract: A blunt laparoscopic dissector device is provided which includes an elongate dissector element including a "finger-like" flexible distal end portion. A cylinder or barrel member disposed at one end of a pair of pivotable control arms provides rotatable mounting of the dissector element. A control assembly, including a control rod connected to the other control arm and extending along the length of dissector element, exerts a force on the dissector element so as to produce the desired curvature of the flexible distal end portion. A locking mechanism maintains the force on the dissector element so as to maintain the desired curvature. Rotation of the dissector element within the cylinder enables a surgeon to effect control of the movement of the tip thereof while holding the device in a comfortable stationary position.

Abstract: The distal ends of control wires of a distal tip deflection control mechanism are fixed to the distal tip of an endoscope. The distal ends of the control wires are spirally coiled up several times and form a cylinder, and the cylinder is fitted and fixed to the rear end or front end of the distal tip. In an alternate embodiment, the distal ends of the control wires are spirally coiled up several times and form a fitting body and the distal ends of an image guide, a charge coupled device (CCD), a light guide, or any other various kind of diagnostic tool or tube are fitted within the fitting body. In another version, the distal ends of the control wires are spirally coiled up several times around a bundle of distal ends of an image guide, a CCD, a light guide, or other various kinds of diagnostic tools or tubes, and the distal ends of the control wires and the bundle of distal ends of the other components are integrally fixed in the formed body.