Abstract: A surgical device includes a handle assembly, an elongated portion, an end effector, a visualization device, and a constant horizon mechanism. The elongated portion extends distally from the handle assembly and defines a longitudinal axis. The end effector is rotatable about the longitudinal axis relative to the handle assembly. The visualization device defines a visualization axis. A first portion of the visualization device extends through the elongated portion, and a second portion of the visualization device is disposed at least partially within the handle assembly. The visualization device is rotatable about the longitudinal axis relative to the handle assembly. The constant horizon mechanism is disposed in operative engagement with the visualization device and is configured to prevent the visualization device from rotating about the visualization axis when the visualization device rotates about the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A portable intraoral transilluminator (1) for mapping some blood vessels of a patient's lower face (24) prior to a surgical operation or aesthetic intervention is described. The transilluminator has a central LED (7) that illuminates the internal region of the patient's mouth, allowing the visualization of the facial artery and some of its branches and thus its mapping. The use of the transilluminator reduces the risk of necrosis and bruising of the patient's epidermis (24) submitted to aesthetic facial harmonization procedures with dermal fillers and other surgical or aesthetic interventions.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of collecting and testing bacteria containing samples from within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of a subject. The methods may include disposing an ingestible device in the GI tract, collecting a bacteria-containing sample from the GI tract, selectively lysing eukaryotic cells in the sample by combining the sample with a dried reagent, exposing bacteria in the sample to resazurin in the ingestible device to produce resorufin, emitting light from the ingestible device, the emitted light being filtered through an optical filter to control for scatter so that the light interacts with the resorufin to produce fluorescence, and measuring a total fluorescence from the resorufin; or a rate of change of fluorescence from the resorufin as a function of time within the GI tract of the subject; and correlating the measured parameter to a number of viable bacterial cells in the sample.

Abstract: Offset illumination using multiple emitters in a fluorescence imaging system is described. A system includes an emitter for emitting pulses of electromagnetic radiation and an image sensor comprising a pixel array for sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation. The emitter comprises a first emitter and a second emitter for emitting different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. The system is such that at least a portion of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises one or more of a hyperspectral emission, a fluorescence emission, and/or a laser mapping pattern.

Abstract: The invention relates to a medical device (1) for the observation of a partly fluorescent object (2) such as tissue (3) comprising at least one fluorophore (4). The fluorophore (4) absorbs light in at least one spectral excitation waveband (46) and emits fluorescent light in at least one spectral emission waveband (54). In order to be able to observe also non-fluorescent regions in the tissue (3) without complicated filter arrangement, the medical device (1) according to the invention comprises at least one filter system (16, 38) which comprises, in a filter plane (18), comprises a filter area (20) and a transmission window (22). The filter area (20) comprises a band pass filter (24) having at least one passband (44) comprising the at least one excitation waveband. The transmission window has a passband (48) which is wider than the passband (44) of the filter area (20). In particular, a filter layer (64) of the filter area (20) may be missing in the transmission window (20).

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for fluorescence imaging with a minimal area image sensor are disclosed. A system includes an emitter for emitting pulses of electromagnetic radiation and an image sensor comprising a pixel array for sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation, wherein the pixel array comprises active pixels and optical black pixels. The system includes a black clamp circuit providing offset control for data generated by the pixel array and a controller comprising a processor in electrical communication with the image sensor and the emitter. The system is such that at least a portion of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength from about 795 nm to about 815 nm.

Abstract: An exemplary apparatus for obtaining data for at least one portion within at least one luminal or hollow sample can be provided. For example, the apparatus can include a first optical arrangement configured to transceive at least one electromagnetic radiation to and from the portion(s). The apparatus can also include a wavelength dispersive second arrangement, which can be configured to disperse the electromagnetic radiation(s). A housing can be provided with a shape of a pill, and enclosing the first and second arrangements.

Abstract: A borescope probe for inspecting a side wall of a cavity includes a primary mirror, a main refractive optical group, a stop, and a sensor plane. The primary mirror collects light rays diffused by a surface of the side wall of the cavity according to an inlet angle (?) and reflects the light rays towards the refractive optical group. The main refractive optical group is placed between the primary mirror and the sensor plane and is suitable to receive the light rays reflected by the primary mirror and focus them on the sensor plane.

Abstract: A number of improvements are provided relating to computer aided surgery utilizing an on tool tracking system. The various improvements relate generally to both the methods used during computer aided surgery and the devices used during such procedures. Other improvements relate to the structure of the tools used during a procedure and how the tools can be controlled using the OTT device. Still other improvements relate to methods of providing feedback during a procedure to improve either the efficiency or quality, or both, for a procedure including the rate of and type of data processed depending upon a CAS mode.

Abstract: Speckle removal in a pulsed hyperspectral, fluorescence, and laser mapping imaging system is described. A system includes a coherent light source for emitting pulses of coherent light, a fiber optic bundle connected to the coherent light source, and a vibrating mechanism attached to the fiber optic bundle. The system includes and an image sensor comprising a pixel array for sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation. The system is such that at least a portion of the pulses of coherent light emitted by the coherent light source comprises one or more of a hyperspectral emission, a fluorescence emission, or a laser mapping pattern.

Abstract: A method of displaying information associated with an application of an intubation device includes detecting an orientation of a screen attached to the intubation device, and setting a template for displaying values of a parameter associated with one of the plurality of sensors in a display window on the screen according to the orientation of the screen. The method includes receiving data from the plurality of sensors, and continuously displaying a video image from an optical imaging device during an intubation of a patient and periodically displaying on a portion of the screen a display window including a value of the parameter according to the data received instead of a part of the video image. Setting the template includes setting a frequency of display, a size, or a color for the parameter.

Abstract: Aspects of stone identification methods and systems are described. According to one aspect, an exemplary method comprises: transmitting to a processing unit, with an imaging element mounted on a distal end of a scope, image data about a stone object inside a body cavity; generating from the image data, with the processing unit, a visual representation of the stone object and the body cavity; establishing from a user input, with the processing unit, a scale for the visual representation; determining from the visual representation, with the processing unit, a size of the stone object on the scale; comparing, with the processing unit, the size of the stone object with a predetermined maximum size to determine a removal status; and augmenting, with the processing unit, the visual representation to include an indicator responsive to the removal status. Associated systems are also described.

Abstract: An adaptor may include a shell and a plunger positioned at a first end of the shell and moveable between an undepressed state and a depressed state. The adaptor may further include a ramp extending from a second end of the shell and a carrier coupled to the ramp. In the undepressed state, the carrier may be located at a first position along the ramp, and wherein, in the depressed state, the carrier may be located at a second position along the ramp, wherein the second position may be closer to the second end of the shell than the first position.

Abstract: An imaging system includes a light source for emitting visible light and infrared light and a camera head unit configured to capture visible light image data so as to generate a visible light image frame and configured to capture infrared image data so as to generate an infrared image frame. A camera control unit is configured to extract a structural data from the visible light image frame. The camera control unit is further configured to apply the structural data to the infrared image frame so as to enhance the infrared image with structural data.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a capsule endoscope with specific gravity control. The capsule endoscope comprises a housing to enclose various components, an inflatable device attached to a first longitudinal end of the capsule unit and an enteric coated shell attached to the first longitudinal end of the capsule unit to enclose the inflatable device between the enteric coated shell and the capsule unit. The various components include a camera sub-system for capturing image frames. The inflatable device comprises an inflatable membrane and an effervescent formulation inside the inflatable membrane. The enteric coated shell fits tightly onto the first longitudinal end of the capsule unit to prevent body liquid from leaking into a space between the enteric coated shell and the capsule unit when the capsule unit travels in human gastrointestinal tract after being swallowed.

Abstract: Surgical devices and methods for utilizing optical coherence tomography (OCT) to monitor and control tissue sealing are disclosed. The surgical device includes an end effector assembly that includes first and second jaw members that are movable between a first, spaced-apart position and a second proximate position. An OCT system, at least a portion of which is incorporated into the end effector assembly, is configured to sense properties of the tissue, e.g., the structural density of the tissue, disposed between the first and second jaw members. A tissue-sealing energy source may be disposed within at least one of the jaw members and may provide tissue-sealing energy to tissue disposed between the jaw members. A controller, which is coupled to the OCT system and the tissue-sealing energy source, controls the tissue-sealing energy generated by the tissue-sealing energy source based on the properties of the tissue sensed by the OCT system.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes an endoscope having an insertion portion. The endoscope is attached to the proximal end of the insertion portion. An image capturing module is attached to the distal-end portion of an insertion portion. The image capturing module includes a wiring board having a principal surface including first electrodes and second electrodes disposed thereon. An image capturing element includes respective photodetection and reverse surfaces. The reverse surface includes external electrodes and is connected to the first electrodes on the wiring board. A prism having an entrance surface to which light is applied, a reflection surface, and an exit surface in which the exit surface being bonded to the photodetection surface of the image capturing element. A support member is used to support the prism. A layered element including a plurality of elements is layered together and having an upper surface, a lower surface with element electrodes disposed thereon.

Abstract: An electronic endoscope has a light source configured to emit normal light toward an object and a rotating filter configured to be positioned in the path of light that passes from the light source to an image sensor. The rotating filter has an optical band-pass filter and a ND filter. The electronic endoscope has further a rotation controller that synchronizes a light-path traverse-interval of the band-pass filter and a light-path traverse-interval of the ND filter with a field/frame interval; and an image generator that generates a normal image from broadband image-pixel signals and generates a spectral image from specific-band image-pixel signals. The image generator has a brightness adjuster that increases a brightness level of the spectral image. Then, the ND filter reduces an amount of light emitted from the light source to an amount of light that corresponds to an increased brightness of the spectral image.

Abstract: A drape configured to cover a handheld imager for use in a medical procedure, the drape including a frame that is removably mountable to a front portion of an enclosure of the imager; and at least one light transmissive component mounted to the frame and recessed with respect to a front of the frame such that the at least one light transmissive component is positioned in front of at least one enclosure window of the imager when the frame is mounted to the front portion of the imager.

Abstract: A fluorescence imaging system for imaging an object, the system includes a white light provider that emits white light, an excitation light provider that emits excitation light in a plurality of excitation wavebands for causing the object to emit fluorescent light, a component that directs the white light and excitation light to the object and collects reflected white light and emitted fluorescent light from the object, a filter that blocks light in the excitation wavebands and transmits at least a portion of the reflected white light and fluorescent light, and an image sensor assembly that receives the transmitted reflected white light and the fluorescent light.

Abstract: R, G, B laser beams emitted from an R_LD, a G_LD, and a B_LD, respectively, are divided, through demultiplexers, into respective monitoring laser beams and respective irradiation laser beams to be applied to a scanning type endoscope side. R, G, B drive currents for causing light emission at the R_LD, the G_LD, and the B_LD are controlled such that the light quantities of the divided monitoring laser beams become equal to monitoring light quantity values on which the division ratios in the case of temperature change are reflected. As a result of this control, the light quantities of the irradiation laser beams each fall within a range satisfying a predetermined condition.

Abstract: In an endoscope device, an imaging device sequentially reads pixel signals from at least some of a plurality of pixels row by row during a first period. A control unit causes a light source to generate illumination light during a second period. The second period is at least a part of a period other than the first period. The control unit causes the light source to stop the generation of the illumination light during a third period. The third period is all of a period other than the second period. The control unit causes a switching unit to start switching of an imaging condition during the third period and complete the switching of the imaging condition during the third period.

Abstract: An optical head includes a first module that concentrates pump light and Stokes light on a first point; a second module that collects CARS light from the first point; and a third module that supports the first module and the second module. The first module includes: a high rigidity first frame; and a first optical system including a plurality of optical elements fixed to the first frame. The second module includes: a high rigidity second frame; and a second optical system including a plurality of optical elements fixed to the second frame. The third module includes a high rigidity third frame that fixes the first frame and the second frame.

Abstract: A video camera head is comprised of at least two rigid printed circuit boards (PCBS) arranged in parallel planes. The at least two PCBs are mechanically supported one above the other by pins made of an electricity conducting material that conduct electrical power from the bottom PCB to electronic components or illumination means mounted on the other PCBs and signals from a solid state sensor chip mounted on one of the other PCBs of the at least two PCBs to the bottom PCB. Several embodiments of the video camera head are described.

Abstract: A rotating unit for controlling an antenna to rotate includes an electromagnetic element and a rotating circuit. The rotating circuit is electrically coupled with the electromagnetic element. The rotating circuit controls the electromagnetic element to generate a magnetic force for controlling a rotation of the antenna.

Abstract: The present technology relates to an image processing device, an image processing method, a surgery system, and a surgical thread capable of further improving visibility of the thread. The image processing device is provided with an image obtaining unit which obtains a first image imaged under an illumination condition in which the surgical thread fluoresces and a second image imaged under an illumination condition including at least visible light as images of an operative site using the surgical thread which fluoresces, and a synthesis unit which generates a synthetic image obtained by synthesizing an area of the surgical thread of the first image and the second image. The present technology is applicable to, for example, a surgery system and the like.

Abstract: An optical head includes a first module that concentrates pump light and Stokes light on a first point; a second module that collects CARS light from the first point; and a third module that supports the first module and the second module. The first module includes: a high rigidity first frame; and a first optical system including a plurality of optical elements fixed to the first frame. The second module includes: a high rigidity second frame; and a second optical system including a plurality of optical elements fixed to the second frame. The third module includes a high rigidity third frame that fixes the first frame and the second frame.

Abstract: An image capturing assembly for use in an endoscope includes a manifold with a base and a casing extending outward from the base, a partially enclosed housing adapted to physically attach to the manifold, a foldable LED carrier substrate capable of carrying a plurality of LEDs, a flexible optical carrier substrate capable of carrying a plurality of camera sensors, and a tip cover adapted to cover the manifold, housing, LED carrier substrate, and optical carrier substrate. The manifold includes at least one continuous channel extending throughout its length. The foldable LED carrier substrate includes a central, forward facing portion, adapted to carry at least one illuminator for a front viewing element, and a pair of arms extending proximally from the central portion. Each arm includes at least one foldable protrusion adapted to carry an illuminator for a side viewing element.

Abstract: A method for dynamically adjusting fluorescent imaging is provided. The method is used in a device and includes the following steps: emitting, by a light emitting diode, light to illuminate teeth in an oral cavity, wherein the light is used to generate fluorescence from the teeth; filtering, by an optical filter, the fluorescence; receiving, by an image sensor, a signal and adjusting a gain value of an analog-to-digital converter according to the signal; converting, by the analog-to-digital converter, the filtered fluorescence into a digital signal and adjusting the digital signal according to the gain value; and generating, by a processor, an output image signal that corresponds to the gain value from the digital signal.

Abstract: The instant disclosure provides for medical imaging systems that may be used in conjunction with an intraoperative medical device, such as an endoscope. Generally, the disclosed medical imaging systems include an illumination source configured to generate illuminating photons for illuminating a biological sample. An optical signal modulator is configured to separate one or more of the illuminating photons and photons that have interacted with the biological sample into a first optical signal having first multi-passband wavelengths and a second optical signal having second multi-passband wavelengths. At least one detector is configured to detect one or more of the first optical signal and the second optical signal and generate at least one image data set. A processor is configured to analyze the at least one image data set. In some embodiments, the processor is configured to differentiate between structures of the biological sample, such as between an ureter and surrounding tissue.

Abstract: An endoscope system 10 includes an image acquiring unit 54 that acquires a first image and a second image, the first image being obtained by using first illumination light, the second image being obtained by using second illumination light at a different timing from the first image; a halation-region detecting unit 74 that detects a halation region; a calculated-image generating unit 73 that performs calculation by using the first image and the second image and that generates a calculated image; a display-image generating unit 77 that generates a display image in which a tone reflects the calculated image; and a tone changing unit 75 that changes the tone of the halation region in the display image.

Abstract: Aspects of stone identification methods and systems are described. According to one aspect, an exemplary method comprises: transmitting to a processing unit, with an imaging element mounted on a distal end of a scope, image data about a stone object inside a body cavity; generating from the image data, with the processing unit, a visual representation of the stone object and the body cavity; establishing from a user input, with the processing unit, a scale for the visual representation; determining from the visual representation, with the processing unit, a size of the stone object on the scale; comparing, with the processing unit, the size of the stone object with a predetermined maximum size to determine a removal status; and augmenting, with the processing unit, the visual representation to include an indicator responsive to the removal status. Associated systems are also described.

Abstract: In an endoscope device, a control unit brings an imaging device into an operation in a first read-out mode. In the first read-out mode, the imaging device reads out pixel signals from a plurality of pixels in a first time. After an instruction for the measurement of a subject is generated, the control unit brings the imaging device into an operation in a second read-out mode. In the second read-out mode, the imaging device reads out the pixel signals from the plurality of pixels in a second time. The second time is shorter than the first time. The control unit causes an imaging condition switching unit to switch imaging conditions on the basis of an operation of the imaging device in the second read-out mode.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to gastrointestinal (GI) tract detection methods, devices and systems.

Abstract: Still image display of a recent video image of tissue as a reference still image prior to a switch in the mode of illumination of the tissue. The still image is displayed concurrently with live video of the tissue under a different mode of illumination, to facilitate discrimination between healthy and diseased tissue. When a practitioner switches a light source from a “first light” to a “second light”, the second light video may be frozen/captured and displayed as a reference still image as a PIP, and the second light live video is displayed concurrently. The second light can be infrared and/or near infrared light. The second light can include structured light to project a structured light pattern to facilitate structure measurements. The second light source is configured with a numerical aperture greater than the first light source.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes an imaging unit having an image sensor to image a subject, a light source emitting illumination light for illuminating the subject, and a laser treatment instrument which can emit laser light for treating the subject during emission of the illumination light. A control device for the endoscope system includes a determination unit which determines a state of use of the laser treatment instrument, and a brightness adjustment circuit which adjusts at least one of exposure time in imaging by the imaging unit and the amount of emitted light of the light source based on the result of determination by the determination unit.

Abstract: Selective reflection of light by ureters and by tissue around the ureters is used to safely and efficiently image the ureters. In one aspect, a plurality of surgical site scenes is captured. Each of the plurality of surgical site scenes is captured from reflected light having a different light spectrum. The plurality of captured surgical site scenes is analyzed to identify ureter tissue in the captured surgical site scenes. A surgical site scene is displayed on a display device. The displayed surgical site scene has ureter tissue artificially highlighted.

Abstract: Provided herein are digital-implemented methods for performing simultaneous analyses on an object on the skin of an animal body, for example, a human, to classify the object as a skin cancer, an ulcer or neither. The analyses are performed simultaneously on a hand-held imaging device.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an imaging device determines color information for a portion of organic tissue from one or more captured color images of the tissue. The imaging device identifies one or more optical properties of the portion of tissue based on the determined color information. The imaging device adjusts fluorescence data captured via one or more fluorescence images of the portion of organic tissue. The imaging device provides the adjusted fluorescence data to an electronic display for display.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining information for defects on a wafer are provided. One system includes an illumination subsystem configured to direct light having one or more illumination wavelengths to a wafer. The one or more illumination wavelengths are selected to cause fluorescence from one or more materials on the wafer without causing fluorescence from one or more other materials on the wafer. The system also includes a detection subsystem configured to detect only the fluorescence from the one or more materials or to detect non-fluorescent light from the wafer without detecting the fluorescence from the one or more materials. In addition, the system includes a computer subsystem configured to determine information for defects on the wafer using output generated by the detection subsystem responsive to the detected fluorescence or the detected non-fluorescent light.

Abstract: An imaging device includes a lens group configured to collect incident light, a prism configured to reflect the light collected by the lens group, and an image sensor having a light receiving unit configured to receive the light reflected by the prism and to perform photoelectric conversion on the received light to generate an electrical signal. The prism is mounted on the light receiving unit, and the lens group is directly mounted on a surface of the image sensor.

Abstract: Provided are an optical unit and an endoscope that can enhance the airtightness between a holding tube and a cover glass without a joining member flowing into a distal end surface of an optical lens while maintaining the attachment accuracy of the cover glass. A spacer is disposed between a cover glass position restricting part of a holding tube of an optical unit and a cover glass. The position of the cover glass in an optical axis is restricted by the cover glass position restricting part via a spacer. An external diameter of a first end surface of the spacer is smaller than an internal diameter of a cover glass fixing part of the holding tube. A solder pool part is provided in a region, which is surrounded by a side surface of the spacer, the cover glass fixing part, and the cover glass position restricting part.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are presented for multichannel optical coherence tomography. Light from a wavelength tuneable or steppable optical source is separated into one or more sample beams and one or more reference beams, and the one or more sample beams directed onto a sample to form one or more interaction regions. A plurality of returning probe beams are collected and mixed with the one or more reference beams to form an interference pattern comprising a plurality of interferograms having at least two distinct carrier frequencies. The multichannel optical apparatus can be provided with polarisation discrimination by mixing the returning probe beams with two orthogonally polarised reference beams to form one or more interference patterns each comprising a plurality of interferograms having at least two distinct carrier frequencies.

Abstract: A capsule medical device configured to be introduced into a subject to acquire information about the subject is provided. The capsule medical device includes: a capsule-shaped casing including: a first casing including a hemispherical portion and a cylindrical portion; and a second casing that is a cylindrical casing where an opening edge portion having an opening is positioned at one end, the cylindrical portion of the first casing being fitted on an outer peripheral surface of the second casing on a side of the opening to incorporate an information acquisition member for acquiring information about the subject; and a positioning member including: a first abutment surface configured to abut on an end surface of the second casing on the side of the opening; and a second abutment surface configured to abut on the information acquisition member.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a scanning pattern of an optical scanning apparatus can easily reduce the effect of stray light and improve the measurement accuracy of the scanning pattern. An apparatus for measuring a scanning pattern of an optical scanning apparatus (100), which scans an object being illuminated with illumination light and generates a display image of the object being illuminated, includes a screen (11) scanned by the illumination light and an optical position detector (12) that detects the position of an irradiation spot of the illumination light on the screen (11). The apparatus for measuring a scanning pattern sequentially detects a position of the irradiation spot at predetermined time points with the optical position detector (12) during scanning of the screen (11) to measure the scanning pattern of the illumination light.

Abstract: Multispectral imaging of samples, in particular of biological tissues. A method for acquisition of fluorescence and reflectance images of an object including alternatingly illuminating the object with at least a first light having several spectral regions of high intensity, wherein the first light has at least one region of low intensity that is of longer wavelength to a region of high intensity, and at least a second light having at least one spectral region of high intensity, recording a first image of the object during illumination of the object with the first light and a second image of the object during illumination of the object with the second light using a common sensor array, wherein the light recorded by the sensor array is attenuated in at least one of the spectral regions in which the first light has high intensities.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method to move a magnetic capsule linearly both horizontally and linearly in a very controllable fashion, wherein the direction of a combined external magnetic field, the force experienced by the magnetic capsule, the movement direction of the capsule and magnetic direction of the magnetic capsule can be all aligned in parallel to each other.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes a fiber optic cable with a proximal end and a distal end opposite the proximal end. The endoscope apparatus also includes a light source optically coupled to the proximal end of the fiber optic cable to emit visible light and excitation light into the fiber optic cable for output from the distal end. The light source is configured to emit both the visible light and the excitation light simultaneously, and a wavelength of the excitation light is outside a wavelength spectrum of the visible light. An image sensor is configured to receive a reflection of the visible light as reflected visible light.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer-readable media for utilizing radial distortion to estimate a pose configuration are disclosed. According to one aspect, the method includes receiving, from each of a plurality of camera devices, an input pixel row of a radially distorted image and conducting a row comparison between each of the input pixel rows and a respectively associated synthesized pixel row. The method further includes approximating, for each row comparison, a span of a curve in an image space with a plurality of segments and computing, for each of the plurality of segments, a constraint. The method also includes utilizing the constraints to estimate a pose configuration.

Abstract: An antifogging device includes: an optical system having one or a plurality of optical members including at least an objective lens; a hollow casing in which the optical system is stored; a heater configured to generate heat according to supplied power to heat a hollow space in the casing; a temperature sensor configured to detect temperature of the hollow space; a temperature controller configured to estimate temperature difference between the temperature detected by the temperature sensor and temperature of the optical member, based on a power value of the supplied power; and an overall controller configured to control the heater based on the temperature difference estimated by the temperature controller.