Abstract: Provided is an endoscope with a handle, an endoscope shaft connected to the handle, and imaging optics arranged in the endoscope shaft. An object can be located in the direction of view of the imaging optics in front of the endoscope shaft. The endoscope may also include a swivellably housed deflecting element that sets the desired direction of view. The deflecting element can be positioned at the distal end of the endoscope shaft facing away from the handle. An actuating element can be attached to the handle, which is mechanically connected to the deflecting element, and with which the swivel position of the deflecting element can be changed in order to set a desired direction of view.

Abstract: The diameter of an endoscope insertion portion is reduced, and a wide field angle of an endoscope insertion portion is obtained. An endoscope objective optical system includes, from an object side, a first lens formed of a plano-concave lens having a concave surface facing an image side, a second lens formed of a plano-concave lens having a concave surface facing the object side, an aperture stop, and a third lens formed of a plano-convex lens having a plane surface facing the object side, and satisfies 0.7?|fab/f|0.9 1.7?|fe/fab|?2 2?fb/fa?4 where f: focal length of the entire system; fa: focal length of the first lens; fb: focal length of the second lens; fe: represents focal length of the third lens; fab: combined focal length from the first lens to the second lens.

Abstract: A flexible endoscope having a wide-angle lens that has an optical axis that is angularly offset from a longitudinal axis of the endoscope, such that the optical axis resides at an angle greater than zero degrees to the longitudinal axis. The wide-angle lens system simultaneously gathers an endoscopic image field at least spanning the longitudinal axis and an angle greater than ninety degrees to the longitudinal axis. The endoscope includes an imager comprising an imaging surface area that receives at least a portion of endoscopic image transmitted by the wide-angle lens system and produces output signals corresponding to the endoscopic image field and image forming circuitry that receives the output signal and produces an image signal. The wide-angle lens endoscope has a flexible distal end or tip.

Abstract: An endoscope with a wide angle lens that comprises an optical axis that is angularly offset from a longitudinal axis of the endoscope such that the optical axis resides at an angle greater than zero degrees to the longitudinal axis. The wide angle lens system simultaneously gathers an endoscopic image field, the endoscopic image field at least spanning the longitudinal axis and an angle greater than ninety degrees to the longitudinal axis. The endoscope includes a transmission system with a lens system having f-sin(theta) distortion or substantially f-sin(theta) distortion that distributes the angle of incidence of the light rays gathered from the endoscopic field of view on to the image surface area in order to even out the information density across the surface area of the imager.

Abstract: In a minimally invasive surgical system, an image capture unit includes a prism assembly and sensor assembly. The prism assembly includes a beam splitter, while the sensor assembly includes coplanar image capture sensors. Each of the coplanar image capture sensors has a common front end optical structure, e.g., the optical structure distal to the image capture unit is the same for each of the sensors. A controller enhances images acquired by the coplanar image capture sensors. The enhanced images may include (a) visible images with enhanced feature definition, in which a particular feature in the scene is emphasized to the operator of minimally invasive surgical system; (b) images having increased image apparent resolution; (c) images having increased dynamic range; (d) images displayed in a way based on a pixel color component vector having three or more color components; and (e) images having extended depth of field.

Abstract: An image pickup device includes: an image pickup element; a spacer surrounding a light receiving surface of the image pickup element; a cover glass attached to the spacer, the cover glass being disposed opposing to the light receiving surface; and an insulative resin configured to thermally couple the image pickup element with the cover glass, and to have a thermal conductivity of not less than 8 W/mK. An endoscope includes: the image pickup device; an image pickup optical system; a drive circuit; a light guide configured to radiate light from a illumination light source; a tubular body configured to accommodate the image pickup device, the image pickup optical system, the drive circuit, the light guide, and a forceps opening; and a first insulative resin having a thermal conductivity of not less than 8 W/mK, and adapted to thermally couple the image pickup device with the drive circuit.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes: a long insertion portion that is inserted into an examination object; an illumination portion provided at a distal end portion of the insertion portion, that irradiates illumination light at the examination object; an image pickup portion provided inside the distal end portion, that picks up reflected light captured in the insertion portion; and a heat radiating member that radiates heat emitted from at least one of the illumination portion and the image pickup portion. A distal end of the heat radiating member is disposed on a further proximal end side of the insertion portion than a maximum external diameter portion of the image pickup portion within the distal end portion. Therefore, not only can heat be radiated from the distal end portion of the insertion portion, but the distal end portion of the insertion portion can also be formed with a narrow diameter.

Abstract: An endoscopic device which is introduced into the intestinal tract of a living organism and which operates autonomously therein, adapted to obtain and store or transmit one or more types of data such as visual image data, laser autofluorescensce data, or ultrasonic waveform data. In another aspect of the invention, apparatus for delivering agents including nanostructures, radionuclides, medication, and ligands is disclosed. In another aspect of the invention, apparatus for obtaining a biopsy of intestinal tissue is disclosed. In another aspect of the invention, apparatus for detecting the presence of one or more molecular species is disclosed. In one embodiment, the device comprises at least one imaging device, a processor, and a means for collecting and transmitting data, delivering agents, obtaining a biopsy, detecting molecular species, and/or generating ultrasonic waveform data.

Abstract: An endoscope objective optical system includes, in order from an object side, a first lens composed of a negative single lens, a second lens composed of a positive single lens, an aperture stop, a third lens composed of a positive single lens, and a fourth lens composed of a positive combined lens, the third lens having a meniscus shape having a convex surface facing the image side. The endoscope objective optical system satisfies the following conditions: 0.3<Df/f<1.15,??(1) n1<1.79,??(2) n2>n1,??(3) 0.6<IH/f<0.83,??(4) and |r1|?|r2|+d1>1.8??(5) Df is the distance from a surface of the first lens facing the object side to the aperture stop, f is the focal length of the entire system, IH is the maximum image height of the entire system, and d1 is the center thickness of the third lens.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes an insertion portion inserted into a body, an optical member arranged exposed from an outside surface at a distal end of the insertion portion, an objective optical system that condenses light impinged from the optical member, an electronic image pickup circuit that photoelectrically converts the light condensed by the objective optical system, a heat absorbing section arranged in the vicinity of the electronic image pickup circuit for absorbing heat generated from the electronic image pickup circuit, a heat transfer section extending toward the optical member side for transferring heat of the heat absorbing section, a heat radiation section arranged in the vicinity of the optical member for radiating heat transferred by the heat transfer section to the optical member, and a heat transfer member that is formed by patterning a metal foil on an insulating, flexible film member and includes the heat absorbing section, the heat transfer section and the heat radiation section.

Abstract: An endoscope optical system, including a front group and a rear group arranged in this order from an object side such that an aperture stop is arranged between the front and rear groups, wherein the front group includes a negative lens and a positive lens arranged in this order from the object side, the rear group includes a positive lens and a cemented lens arranged in this order from the object side, and when f (unit: mm) denotes a focal length of an entire endoscope optical system, EX (unit: mm) denotes a distance (which takes a minus sign on the object side with respect to an image plane) from the image plane to an exit pupil, and f2 (unit: mm) denotes a focal length of the rear group, the endoscope optical system satisfies conditions: ?10<EX/f<?6??(1), and 1.15<f2/f<1.35??(2).

Abstract: Various embodiments for providing solid state illumination for endoscopy or borescopy are provided. Generally, various medical or industrial devices can include one or more solid state or other compact electro-optic illuminating devices located thereon. The solid state or compact electro-optic illuminating device can include, but is not limited to, a light emitting diode (LED), laser diode (LD), or other Infrared (TR) or Ultraviolet (UV) source. Solid state sources of various wavelengths may be used to illuminate an object for imaging or detecting purpose or otherwise conditioning purpose. The solid state illuminating device may be placed on the exterior surface of the device, inside the device, deployably coupled to the distal end of the device, or otherwise disposed on the device.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an endoscopic camera for a robotic surgical system includes a stereo camera module mounted to a robotic arm of a patient side cart. The optical and electro-optic components of the camera module are hermetically sealed within a first housing. Signals from an electro-optic component travel through traces in a ceramic substrate forming one side of the hermetically sealed first housing. A second housing surrounds the first housing and optical fibers are dispersed between the housings to provide lighting in a body cavity. The camera module may be sterilized by an autoclave.

Abstract: An endoscope of the present invention includes an insertion section including a distal end portion, an objective lens placed in the distal end portion, an illumination lens which is placed in the distal end portion adjacently to the objective lens and emits illumination light from a light source, and a wall portion which is placed between the objective lens and the illumination lens, and shields the illumination light, and thereby, secures a sufficient illumination range for an image pickup range with a wide field of view, can obtain a favorable endoscope image and can reduce the diameter.

Abstract: An ingestible scanning device includes, in an embodiment, a capsule housing having a transparent window and sized so as to be ingestible, a photo-sensing array located within the capsule housing, a mirror located within the housing and oriented to direct an image from a surface outside the transparent window to the photo-sensing array, and a light source for illuminating the surface outside the transparent window.

Abstract: A medical instrument includes: an image pickup unit incorporated in a medical instrument body for picking up an image of the subject to be examined from an observation window; an airflow generating unit provided rotatably with respect to the medical instrument body so as to cover the image pickup unit by a covering unit having an opening formed therein, the airflow generating unit being configured to generate an airflow for preventing adherents from sticking to the observation window, by rotation of the covering unit; a fixing unit for indwelling and fixing the medical instrument body inside the subject to be examined; and a drive unit incorporated in the medical instrument body, for driving the airflow generation unit.

Abstract: Hermetically sealed enclosures and constructions are disclosed for use in endoscopic systems, particularly endoscope systems with electronic imaging and illumination systems in the enclosures. Compound optical windows are also disclosed for use in the systems. The compound optical windows may have separate panes for an imaging system and an illumination system, and contrast-reducing optical boundaries are between panes.

Abstract: An endoscope with a wide angle lens that comprises an optical axis that is angularly offset from a longitudinal axis of the endoscope such that the optical axis resides at an angle greater than zero degrees to the longitudinal axis. The wide angle lens system simultaneously gathers an endoscopic image field, the endoscopic image field at least spanning the longitudinal axis and an angle greater than ninety degrees to the longitudinal axis. The endoscope includes a transmission system with a lens system having f-sin(theta) distortion or substantially f-sin(theta) distortion that distributes the angle of incidence of the light rays gathered from the endoscopic field of view on to the image surface area in order to even out the information density across the surface area of the imager.

Abstract: Apparatus including an optical system (20) for use in an endoscope is provided. The optical system has distal and proximal ends, and includes an image sensor (32), positioned at the proximal end of the optical system. The optical system also includes an optical member (34) having distal (36) and proximal ends, and shaped so as to define: (a) a lateral surface, at least a distal portion of which is curved, configured to provide omnidirectional lateral viewing, (b) a distal indentation (44) in the distal end of the optical member, and (c) a proximal indentation (48) in the proximal end of the optical member. The optical system also includes a convex mirror (40), coupled to the distal end of the optical member, and shaped so as define an opening through which the distal indentation passes. A distal lens (52) is positioned distal to the mirror. The optical member, the mirror, and the distal lens have respective rotational shapes about a common rotation axis.

Abstract: An otoscope includes an instrument head, a tip element and an optical system. The instrument head has a distal insertion portion for insertion into an ear of a human or veterinary subject. The distal insertion portion has a distal opening. The tip element is releasably attached to the distal insertion portion. The tip element has a distal opening. The optical system is contained within the instrument head. The optical system includes a plurality of optical components. The optical system further comprises a viewing component for viewing of an image of a target of interest aligned along an optical axis disposed within said distal opening.

Abstract: An endoscopic lens cleaning apparatus includes an end cap, a lens, first and second magnets, one or more guide rails to couple housings for the first and second magnets, and a wiper assembly that is attached to and capable of gliding along the guide rail. The wiper assembly houses a wiper magnet that interacts with the first and second magnets. At least one of the wiper magnet or first and second magnets is an electromagnet, coupled to a power supply via a switch. A controller alternates the polarity of current supplied to the electromagnet to cause the wiper assembly to glide along the rail. A wiper attached to the wiper assembly likewise glides along the lens, thereby cleaning it. The controller is programmable, and can operate in continuous, intermittent, or as needed cleaning modes.

Abstract: An insertion unit has a channel through which a treatment tool can be inserted. A distal end of the insertion unit has a single-focus objective optical system or a focal-point-variable objective optical system to focus the optical image on a light receiving surface of an image capturing element. At a short object distance from the distal end, an image signal with a sufficient resolution is obtained from the image capturing element. In this state, a treatment tool projected by a reduced amount from a distal end opening of the channel is captured on a light receiving surface of the image capturing element. A required resolution is also provided for a far side.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes a transparent member provided at a distal end of an insertion portion of an endoscope, opposed to an image pickup optical system, a transducer attached to an inner surface of the transparent member, a diffraction grating provided on an outer surface of the transparent member, for converting ultrasound vibration from the transducer to a surface acoustic wave ? that propagates on the outer surface of the transparent member and a conversion section provided in an outer peripheral corner of the transparent member for converting the surface acoustic wave ? to a bulk wave ?b that scatters into the transparent member.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally directed towards methods and devices for reducing or eliminating reflection-illuminated artifacts. The methods and devices in several embodiments can include providing a transparent lens cover with a blocking member for reflecting or absorbing internally-reflected light. The lens cover can be attached at the distal end of an endoscope, cannula, and/or lumen in some embodiments. Alternatively, the lens cover can be a permanent part of the endoscope, lumen, and/or cannula.

Abstract: An applicator suitable for converting a white-light endoscope into an endoscope for combined white-light/fluorescence imaging is disclosed. The applicator facilitates attachment of an optical element, for example an optical filter, to a distal optical port of an endoscope. The applicator engages with alignment feature on the endoscope's distal end and releasably supports the optical element in an opening that is aligned with the optical port. The optical element is released in a proximal direction by pressing down on an actuator.

Abstract: A sheath for a medical device may include an elongate body extending from a proximal end to a distal face and a first hollow lumen and a second hollow lumen extending from a first end proximate the proximal end to a second end proximate the distal face. The sheath may also include at least one lighting device positioned in the sheath proximate the distal face, and a transparent window positioned at the second end of the first lumen to seal the first lumen at the second end. The transparent window may be configured to transmit light therethrough.

Abstract: An actuator has a magnet moved together with a moving lens frame, an SMA wire capable of extending and contracting in a moving direction I of the moving lens frame with execution or non-execution of energization thereof, a fixing member made of a magnetic material attached to a distal end of the SMA wire, a pressing spring which urges the fixing member toward the magnet along the moving direction I, and a stopper member and a stopper portion which limits the movement of the magnet along the moving direction I at a first position or a second position.

Abstract: An endoscope having an endoscope shaft is provided, which has an observation opening on its distal end, which is hermetically sealed using a transparent cover, and having an imaging optic, comprising multiple optic elements, which is situated inside the endoscope shaft in the area of its distal end spaced apart from the cover, a sealing ring being provided, which seals an area between the cover and the optic element of the imaging optic closest to the cover in relation to the remaining inner chamber of the endoscope shaft.

Abstract: A distal end optical unit for an electronic endoscope includes a first supporting tube configured to support an image sensor therein, a second supporting tube, and a third supporting tube configured to support an objective optical system. The first supporting tube includes a first open end, a first sealed end that is hermetically sealed, and a metal-covered inner circumferential surface. The second supporting tube includes a second open end, a second sealed end that is hermetically sealed with a cover lens, and a metal-covered outer circumferential surface. The third supporting tube has an inner circumferential surface with a low reflectivity. The third supporting tube is fitted into the second supporting tube. The second open end of the second supporting tube is fitted into and hermetically joined to the first open end of the first supporting tube.

Abstract: Imaging, testing and/or analysis of subjects are facilitated with a capillary-access approach. According to an example embodiment, a capillary is implanted into a specimen and adapted to accept an optical probe to facilitate optical access into the specimen. In some applications, the capillary is implanted for use over time, with one or more different probes being inserted into the capillary at different times, while the capillary is implanted. Certain applications involve capillary implantation over weeks, months or longer. Other applications are directed to the passage of fluid to and/or from a sample via the capillary. Still other applications are directed to the passage of electrical information between the sample and an external arrangement, via an implanted capillary.

Abstract: An endoscope includes: a distal end portion provided at a distal end of an insertion portion; a front-view observation window for observing an insertion direction of the distal end portion, which is provided facing toward the insertion direction; a lateral-view observation window for observing a circumferential direction of the distal end portion, which is formed along the outer circumferential lateral surface and has a lateral observation field of view; a light-emitting member having an emission end surface for emitting light in a distal end direction of the distal end portion; a groove portion formed on the outer circumferential lateral surface of the distal end portion so as to be longer than the emission end surface of the light-emitting member along the circumferential direction of the outer circumferential lateral surface of the distal end portion and opposed to the emission end surface, on a proximal end side with respect to the lateral-view observation window; a plurality of particles for scattering l

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a resin molded article, includes a primary molding step of molding a primary compact having an optical element and a protruding portion by using a light transmissive molding material, and a secondary molding step of molding a secondary compact that supports the primary compact by using a molding material different from the molding material and integrating the primary compact with the secondary compact. The protruding portion is molded to protrude on the secondary compact side, and at the primary molding step, the molding material of the primary compact is supplied into a molding space for the optical element and it is thereby supplied into a cavity of a molding die for the primary compact.

Abstract: An endoscope having a hollow shaft for inserting an image guide, so that the distal end of the shaft is configured at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the shaft and the shaft is closed at the distal end by means of an end piece provided with a pass-through borehole for the image guide. To create an endoscope with an image transmission system of sufficient image size and image quality that can be autoclaved for cleaning purposes, it is proposed with the invention that the image guide should be positioned in the shaft in such a way that the bending radius of the image guide in the area of the bending of the shaft is greater than the bending radius of the shaft in the area of the bending.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes a transparent member provided at a distal end of an insertion portion of an endoscope to face an image pickup optical system, an ultrasonic transducer attached to an inner surface of the transparent member, and a deflection portion provided at an outer surface of the transparent member which changes a direction of propagation of an ultrasonic wave from the ultrasonic transducer. With the configuration, an ultrasonic wave for stain removal is efficiently propagated from the ultrasonic transducer into a region of an observation field of view in an observation window.

Abstract: An endoscope is provided, with a first tube, a cover glass arranged at the distal end of the first tube, as well as with imaging optics, arranged in the first tube, which image an object located in front of the cover glass as an image, wherein the cover glass has a spherically curved, concave inside, a spherically curved, convex outside, and a constant thickness.

Abstract: An in vivo imaging device comprises a viewing window, an illumination unit, a lens holder and a light guide. The light guide may be positioned to create uniformly dispersed illumination and to eliminate backscatter from the viewing window. The light guide may guide light from the illumination unit to a desired position within the in vivo device. In one embodiment, the light guide may be embedded into the lens holder.

Abstract: An endoscope is provided, comprising a first tube whose distal end is sealed with a cover glass disposed in a mount and an electric heating system for heating the cover glass, with the heating system comprising two electric connections which can be connected with a power source, and an electrically conductive coating which is applied to the inside of the cover glass and comprises two mutually spaced contact sections, of which one each is electrically connected with one of the connections, and with the mount being electrically conductive and a first of the two contact sections being electrically connected via the mount with the associated connection.

Abstract: A measuring endoscope apparatus includes: an endoscope that performs photoelectric conversion of a subject image to generate an imaging signal; an imaging signal processing unit that processes the imaging signal to generate image data; a measurement unit that executes measurement based on a principle of triangulation using the image data; a display signal generating unit that generates a display signal for displaying a measurement result; a determination unit that determines the reliability of the measurement result on the basis of the image data; and a control unit that executes a control according to a determination result.

Abstract: A capsule endoscope includes a housing, a lens module, a light source, an imaging module, a memory, a radio frequency transmitter, a power source, and a chamber. The lens module is received in the housing. The light source is configured for illuminating an interior of a body. The imaging module is configured for capturing images of the interior of the body. The memory is configured for storing the captured images. The radio frequency transmitter is configured for wirelessly transmitting the stored images. The power source is electrically connected to the imaging module, the memory and the radio frequency transmitter. The chamber is received in the housing. The lens module and the housing are made of a biodegradable material, and the chamber, the light sources, the imaging module, the memory, the power source, and the radio frequency transmitter are made of a non-biodegradable material.

Abstract: A scanning endoscope, comprising a first transmitter, an actuator, and a mirror, is provided. The first transmitter emits a beam of radiant light from the first emission end. The actuator moves the first emission end in a direction perpendicular to an emission direction. The mirror is arranged from the first emission end to the first direction. The mirror comprises a through-part and a reflection surface. The radiant light emitted from the first emission end passes through the through-part when the first emission end is within a first circumference. The reflection surface reflects the radiant light emitted from the first emission end toward the observation area around the first straight line when the first emission end is outside of the first circumference.

Abstract: In the optical tomographic imaging apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention, since a stable light intensity can be secured for a reflected light beam of a measurement light beam reflected off of a transmitting surface of a probe outer casing as a returning light beam to an optical fiber, the optical path length difference between a reference light beam and the measurement light beam can be precisely adjusted by adjusting the optical path length of the reference light beam with an optical path length adjusting device. In addition, a signal of a measurement object can be reliably detected from a detection signal of an interference light beam detected by an interference light detecting device.

Abstract: An endoscope realized as either a borescope or a fiberscope including one or more fluid filled lenses is described. In an embodiment, the optical power of the fluid filled lenses may be adjusted to adjust the focal length associated with the endoscope. Thus, variable working distances are allowable while maintaining focus on an object in front of the endoscope. The endoscope may include a distance sensor, which is used to determine a distance between the endoscope and a sample. A processor may compare the measured distance to the current optical power of the one or more sealed fluid filled lenses. The processor may transmit signals to one or more actuators coupled to one or more sealed fluid filed lenses to change the optical power of the one or more sealed fluid filled lenses based on the comparison.

Abstract: To provide a capsule endoscope in which a degree of appearance of a sting-like member in a captured image is reduced, a capsule endoscope (2) includes an optical system (18) having a predetermined principal point, an imaging unit (19) which captures light focused by the optical system (18), and an attachment member (28) which is arranged at a predetermined position on a window portion (17a) having optical transparency and forming a portion of an outer casing member (17) housing the optical system (18) and the imaging unit (19). The capsule endoscope (2) further includes a traction member (29) having one end secured to the attachment member (28) and extending by a predetermined distance in a direction from the optical system (18) toward a position of the attachment member (28). Since the traction member (29) has such a structure, an appearance of an image of the traction member (29) can be reduced at the imaging unit (19).

Abstract: In an objective lens for an endoscope, the full angle of view exceeds 120 degrees, and a most-object-side surface of the objective lens is spherical. Further, the following condition formulas (1) and (2) are satisfied: 0.7<?8/?10<0.8??(1); and 5<R1/f<15??(2), where ?10: half angle of view corresponding to a maximum image height; ?8: half angle of view corresponding to an image height that is 80% of the maximum image height; R1: curvature radius of the most-object-side surface; and f: focal length of the entire system of the objective lens.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes a first endoscope that includes a first observation optical system with a first viewing angle; and a second endoscope that includes a second observation optical system with a second viewing angle wider than the first viewing angle. A second distance from a second distal end face of an insertion portion of the second endoscope to a minimum focal point of the second observation optical system is shorter than a first distance from a first distal end face of a distal end portion of the first endoscope to a minimum focal point of the first observation optical system.

Abstract: The invention includes an insertion portion, one end of which is inserted inside a lumen of a subject; an image-acquisition unit for acquiring an image of an interior wall in the lumen as a substantially circular or substantially ring-shaped interior wall image; a transformation processing unit for transforming, in the interior wall image, at least substantially ring-shaped images concerning the interior wall, whose distance from the one end is uniform, to substantially straight-line-shaped or substantially band-shaped images; a distance-measuring unit for measuring a distance moved by the insertion portion relative to the subject; and an image synthesizing unit for joining the transformed images on the basis of the distance moved measured by the distance-measuring unit.

Abstract: An endoscope illumination optical system includes a surface light source, a positive first lens element, a positive second lens element, in this order from the surface light source. The endoscope illumination optical system satisfies the following conditions: 0.40<f/D<0.53??(1) 0.40<0.5·D·?<0.56??(2) wherein f: the combined focal length of the positive first lens element and the positive second lens element; D: the maximum diameter of the surface light source; R1: the radius of curvature of a first surface, of the positive first lens element, facing toward the surface light source; R2: the radius of curvature of a second surface, of the positive first lens element, facing toward a surface to be illuminated; n1: the refractive index of the positive first lens element; d1: the thickness of the positive first lens element; and ? designates an angle defined as (1+0.85d1/R2)(1?1/n1)/R1?1.05/R2.

Abstract: An endoscope insertion portion capable of illuminating a diseased part corresponding to a part of an endoscope image by irradiation light in an amount approximately the same as that in non-enlarged display, when displaying the part of the endoscope image in an enlarged manner. The endoscope insertion portion of this invention includes: an insertion portion having a distal end surface; a first illumination optical system for irradiating light onto a subject; a second illumination optical system for irradiating light onto the subject; a first image pickup portion including on the distal end surface a first optical member for introducing light from the subject; and a second image pickup portion including a second optical member for introducing light from the subject, the second optical member being disposed in an area sandwiched by the first illumination optical system and the second illumination optical system.

Abstract: An endoscope insertion portion of the invention includes a plurality of observation windows having different outer diameters for leading incident light to a plurality of image pickup portions, and disposed on a distal end surface of the distal end portion; and an air/water feeding portion for spouting out a gas or liquid toward the plurality of observation windows, and disposed to the distal end portion. One of the plurality of observation windows having the largest outer diameter is disposed on the distal end surface at a position closest to the air/water feeding portion than the other of the plurality of observation windows.

Abstract: A medical instrument includes an image pickup section incorporated in a medical instrument body and movably provided in the medical instrument body that picks up an image of the object to be examined from an observation window, a covering section movably provided at the medical instrument body so as to cover the observation window and in which an opening portion is formed, a drive section that drives the covering section or the image pickup section, and a control section that controls the drive section so as to drive the covering section or the image pickup section by synchronizing a timing for the image pickup section to pick up the object image with a timing at which the opening portion and the observation window match, and can thereby prevent sticking of deposits to the observation window and obtain a clear observation image.