Abstract: The electrical signal sensing and/or signal application device for sensing electrical signals on a surface and/or for applying electrical signals to a surface, particularly of human or animal skin or other organs or tissues, comprises a substrate (12) having first and second major surfaces (14), and a plurality of electrodes (16) arranged on the first major surface (14) of the substrate (12) and projecting therefrom, each of the electrodes (16) comprising a pointed contact end (36) facing away from the substrate (12) for contacting the surface, and a base end (26) facing towards the substrate (12). On the first or second or both major surfaces (14) of the substrate (12) there is arranged a plurality of first contact pads (22) for electrical connection to contact elements of an evaluation and/or driving means for evaluating the sensed electric signals and/or applying signals to the electrodes (16), the first contact pads (22) being electrically connected to the electrodes (16).

Abstract: An electrode system and the method of arranging the electrodes on the skin of a patient. The electrode system contains a plurality of electrode pads. At least some of the electrode pads have a convex side edge of a predetermined radius of curvature. At least some of the electrode pads have a concave side edge with the same predetermined radius of curvature. When applied to a patient's skin, two electrode pads are placed in adjacent abutment. The concave side edge of one electrode pad receives the convex side edge of the adjacent electrode pad. This produces a gapless adjoining connection between electrode pads that can be maintained throughout a wide range of orientations.

Abstract: A percutaneous neurological stimulation lead has at least a first lead body and a second lead body that interlock during implantation using interlocking elements. The first lead body has at least one first detail on the first lead body distal end that is configured to engage at least one second detail on the second lead body distal end that is complimentary to the first detail to mechanically couple the first lead body to the second lead body. Many embodiments of the implantable neurological stimulation lead with interlocking elements and its methods of operation are possible.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for enabling the non-invasive acquisition of physiological parameters of a mammal, while allowing the mammal to move around a predetermined area is provided. In accordance with one example embodiment, a monitoring device for non-invasively acquiring physiological measurements of a mammal is provided. The device includes a first electrode configured to attach to an ear of the mammal in a manner suitable for obtaining a first electrical signal. A second electrode is configured to attach to a first alternate location of the mammal in a manner suitable for obtaining a second electrical signal. A third electrode is configured to attach to a second alternate location of the mammal in a manner suitable for obtaining a third electrical signal. The first electrode, second electrode, and third electrode are in communication with a signal receiver. Physiological parameters, such as those associated with electrocardiograms, can be obtained using the monitoring device.

Abstract: An electrode assembly for a sensor catheter tip includes a first electrode and a second electrode each having a central axis. The two electrodes are axially aligned and spaced apart along the axis. Each of the first and second electrodes comprises a contact aperture spaced from the center axis, and a contact element positioned within each of the contact apertures. The center axis of each of the first and second electrodes is substantially aligned, and the contact elements corresponding to each of the first and second electrodes are offset, thereby providing staggered contact points for each respective electrode.

Abstract: A single electrode probe for a cardiac pacemaker system, in particular for a DDD cardiac pacemaker system, has an electrode line with a bifurcated section, at the beginning of which the electrode line divides into two electrode line portions which rejoin at the end of the section to again form one portion, wherein at least one of the portions has at least one electrode for the delivery of electrical energy to adjoining myocardium.

Abstract: A defibrillator electrode pad assembly has an adhesive release sheet configured to be removed while the electrode pad is held in a desired position on the patient. The release sheet is folded in a substantially U-shaped configuration and includes a pull-tab to be grasped by the user. The electrode pad is applied to the patient by positioning the electrode pad on the patient's skin with the release sheet facing the skin and in contact with or closely adjacent to the skin, without lifting the electrode pad from the patient's skin, pulling on the pull-tab to remove the release sheet to expose the adhesive portion, and adhering the adhesive portion to the patient's skin.

Abstract: The invention provides a multichannel electrode (“MC electrode”) which can perform multiple functions such as recording, stimulating and lesioning simultaneously or sequentially upon a single insertion into a target site. In one aspect, the MC electrode further provides imaging and drug delivery capabilities. The invention also provides interface connectors for connecting the MC electrode to external units such as data acquisition and/or stimulation systems. Although the MC electrode and associated connectors and system(s) provide an optimal way to perform deep brain surgical procedures, the MC electrode and associated connectors and system(s) are useful generally in any technique which relies on recording, activating, and/or inhibiting electrical signals produced by cells.

Abstract: The sensor has four electrodes arranged on a common base, three of which are made as closed circuits, placed one into another, whereas the fourth electrode is placed inside the smallest circuit. The external and the central electrodes form a pair of current-feeding electrodes, whereas the electrodes disposed between them form a pair of measuring electrodes. The second design option of the sensor has three electrodes, two of which are made as closed circuits placed one into another, whereas the third electrode is placed inside the electrode that is smaller. The external and the central electrodes form a pair of current-feeding electrodes, and the electrode arranged between them together with the external or the central electrode form a pair of measuring electrodes. The design of sensors makes it possible to use them in combination with biological signal sensors of non-rheographic modality, for example, pulse wave, temperature. The sensor may be incorporated in wristwatch or bracelet.

Abstract: Electrodes are provided, for example including: (a) a first electrode component including a conductive skin-contacting element, and (b) a second electrode component including a thin electrical conductor. The first and second electrode components may be positioned during storage of the electrode so that the conductive skin-contacting element is not in contact with the thin electrical conductor, and configured so that they can be brought into contact prior to use of the electrode with a surface of the conductive skin-contacting element in contact with a surface of the thin electrical conductor.

Abstract: A system for detecting and analyzing electrical activity in the anatomy of an organism underlying an electrode array provides signals corresponding to electrical activity adjacent each electrode. Such signals are correlated to the underlying anatomy of the organism and representative outputs presented through various types of output devices. Such outputs may include variations in coloration or other qualities in correspondence with representations of underlying anatomical structures. The system includes novel electrode structures (200, 224, and 284) and methods for producing and attaching electrode arrays (240 and 280) to the organism. The exemplary form of the invention is used in connection with the diagnosis of muscle activity in the lower lumbar regions of humans. Levels of muscle activity detected are analyzed by correlation with the muscular structures underlying the electrode array. Forms of the invention may be used in other applications.

Abstract: A disposable and noninvasive intrauterine fetal monitoring electrode assembly for monitoring fetal heart rate comprises an electrode strip for insertion into the uterus of a woman in active labor, between and in contact with the tissue of the uterine wall and the baby, and an interconnect cable for connecting the assembly to fetal monitoring equipment. The electrode strip comprises a flexible two-sided insulating strip having one or more electrodes disposed on each side of the strip. An electrical connector cable containing electrical leads provides electrical connectivity between each electrode, and a separate electrical lead disposed within the connector cable to the fetal monitoring equipment. The electrode strip of the assembly includes a grip feature by which the electrode strip may be engaged to facilitate its positioning in the uterus.

Abstract: A universal and reversible disposable ECG sensor positioning mask and method for use with electrocardiogram diagnostic equipment for left and right chest ECGs in which the mask has at least nine sensors, six of which can be used at any one time to provide up to four different sizes to accommodate varying sized human torsos.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a fabric-based sensor for monitoring vital signs or other electrical impulses of a subject. The sensor is woven or knitted from conductive fibers and, when in contact with the body, receives signals from the wearer and transmits them to a processing or monitoring device through a data-output terminal. The sensor may be integrated into the fabric of a garment or used independently as a conductive patch. Additionally, the sensor may provide bi-directional communication by both monitoring electrical impulses and sending them.

Abstract: An EMG monitoring system includes a matrix of detection electrode arrays that is positioned on the patient along his or her spine. The arrays are electrically connected through a switching mechanism to EMG amplifiers that are included in conventional monitoring instrumentation. A switch controller operates the switches to provide signals to the EMG amplifiers from selected sets of detection electrode arrays. The controller controls the switches to provide signals simultaneously to each EMG amplifier. If the monitoring instrumentation includes four EMG amplifiers, the matrix of electrode arrays and the switching mechanism may be used to take simultaneous measurements at two different spinal levels. If additional EMG amplifiers are included, simultaneous measurements at additional spinal levels may also be made. The matrix may also include redundant arrays and/or electrodes, such that the clinician can select the sets of electrodes that conform to the size of the patient.

Abstract: A unitary, multi-electrode biopotential signal sensor is formed of injection molded plastic. A plurality of electrode areas containing spikes are defined in a base member of the sensor. The remaining areas of the base member are formed to have a greater flexibility than the electrode areas, as by being thinner or being perforated. The spikes and electrode areas of the base member are coated with a conductor layer to form the electrodes. Conductors on the base member lead to connectors to provide biopotential signals from the electrodes.

Abstract: An implantable electrode and electrode system for contacting living biological material that includes an electrode assembly including at least a portion of the electrode, adapted to contact the living biological material at an electrode/tissue interface, exhibiting conduction that is substantially limited to electron or electron vacancy conduction. The implantable electrode is manufactured by coupling an electrode to a distal end of a conductor, and forming at least one surface of the electrode with a material that conducts electricity in a manner that is substantially limited to electron or electron vacancy conduction when the at least one surface is in contact with the living matter.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for obtaining a representation of the distribution of electrical impedance within a multiphase flow with an electrically continuous or discontinuous principle flow contained within an electrically conductive solid ring electrode, including providing a plurality of mutually spaced electrical contacts mounted at the outside wall of the ring and electrically contacting with the ring, applying currents or voltages to the ring from the electrical contacts, generating a more homogeneous electric field distribution within the material, measuring voltage or current distribution alone the ring from other electrical contacts, relatively intensifying the imaging sensitivity at the central area of the sensing domain using a ?/2 angle sensing strategy and reconstructing the representation of the impedance distribution using CG method with an error processing strategy.

Abstract: A system for detecting and analyzing electrical activity in the anatomy of an organism underlying an electrode array provides signals corresponding to electrical activity adjacent each electrode. Such signals are correlated to the underlying anatomy of the organism and representative outputs presented through various types of output devices. Such outputs may include variations in coloration or other qualities in correspondence with representations of underlying anatomical structures. The system includes novel electrode structures (200, 224, and 284) and methods for producing and attaching electrode arrays (240 and 280) to the organism. The exemplary form of the invention is used in connection with the diagnosis of muscle activity in the lower lumbar regions of humans. Levels of muscle activity detected are analyzed by correlation with the muscular structures underlying the electrode array. Forms of the invention may be used in other applications.

Abstract: A system for detecting and analyzing electrical activity in the anatomy of an organism underlying an electrode array provides signals corresponding to electrical activity adjacent each electrode. Such signals are correlated to the underlying anatomy of the organism and representative outputs presented through various types of output devices. Such outputs may include variations in coloration or other qualities in correspondence with representations of underlying anatomical structures. The system includes novel electrode structures (200, 224, and 284) and methods for producing and attaching electrode arrays (240 and 280) to the organism. The exemplary form of the invention is used in connection with the diagnosis of muscle activity in the lower lumbar regions of humans. Levels of muscle activity detected are analyzed by correlation with the muscular structures underlying the electrode array. Forms of the invention may be used in other applications.

Abstract: An electrode assembly for use on a surface of biological tissue to measure bio-electric signals including an electrode apparatus having an electrode device adapted to directly contact the surface of the biological tissue. The electrode apparatus receives and transmits bio-electric signals measured across the biological tissue having a first voltage and a minute first current. A signal transmission line is included having a signal transmission conductor electrically coupled at one portion to the electrode device for transmission of the bio-electric signals. The transmission includes a second conductor electrically coupled to the amplifier apparatus and arranged to substantially shield the transmission conductor from ambient electric fields generated from sources external to the transmission line. A high impedance amplifier device is included having a signal input and a signal output.

Abstract: A system for detecting and analyzing electrical activity in the anatomy of an organism underlying an electrode array provides signals corresponding to electrical activity adjacent each electrode. Such signals are correlated to the underlying anatomy of the organism and representative outputs presented through various types of output devices. Such outputs may include variations in coloration or other qualities in correspondence with representations of underlying anatomical structures. The system includes novel electrode structures (200, 224, and 284) and methods for producing and attaching electrode arrays (240 and 280) to the organism. The exemplary form of the invention is used in connection with the diagnosis of muscle activity in the lower lumbar regions of humans. Levels of muscle activity detected are analyzed by correlation with the muscular structures underlying the electrode array. Forms of the invention may be used in other applications.

Abstract: A multi-electrode catheter has a longitudinally extending body with a number of longitudinally extending lumens formed therein and a number of electrode assemblies. Each assembly has an electrode located at an external surface of a caudal section of the body and an electrical conductive surface extending longitudinally within an associated lumen of the number of lumens connected to a cephalad section of the body. The conductive electrical surface forms at least a portion of an internal wall of the associated lumen and is in electrical connection with a different one of the electrodes forming the electrode assemblies.

Abstract: An ECG electrode chest pad particularly adapted for use in emergency room situations having upper fit portions with upper limb electrodes, and elongated central or medial base fit portion with a plurality of precordal unipolar electrodes and lower fit portions with lower limb electrodes, said electrodes being attached to leads which are internal to the base chest pad and terminate into at least one lead branch adapted to plug into an ECG monitor and having a perforation in the base pad material such that one group of electrodes may be separated from a second group of electrodes to facilitate ease of patient monitoring and complimentary medical procedures.

Abstract: A unitary, multi-electrode biopotential signal sensor is formed of injection molded plastic. A plurality of electrode areas containing spikes are defined in a base member of the sensor. The remaining areas of the base member are formed to have a greater flexibility than the electrode areas, as by being thinner or being perforated. The spikes and electrode areas of the base member are coated with a conductor layer to form the electrodes. Conductors on the base member lead to connectors to provide biopotential signals from the electrodes.

Abstract: An assembly that incorporates an expandable strap for use in electrical impedance tomography includes a strap adapted to be mounted onto the body of a patient. A plurality of electrodes is mounted on the strap and spaced equidistantly along the length of the strap. An electrical connector is mounted on the strap, and electrical traces extend from each electrode to the connector. Preferably, the strap is made of a substantially inelastic material. In one embodiment, the strap has a serpentine shape to allow for uniform expansion.

Abstract: Described is an electrode array for measuring electrical activity in a subject's biological tissue, comprising an electrode support, a group of electrodes mounted on the electrode support, and an inter-electrode conductive medium having a given resistivity for controlling resistivity between the electrodes of the group. Also, described is a method for controlling the inter-electrode resistivity in the electrode array comprises providing the inter-electrode conductive medium having the given resistivity between the electrodes of the group, and interconnecting the electrodes of the group through this inter-electrode conductive medium to control resistivity between the electrodes.

Abstract: The electrical signal sensing and/or signal application device for sensing electrical signals on a surface and/or for applying electrical signals to a surface, particularly of human or animal skin or other organs or tissues, comprises a substrate (12) having first and second major surfaces (14), and a plurality of electrodes (16) arranged on the first major surface (14) of the substrate (12) and projecting therefrom, each of the electrodes (16) comprising a pointed contact end (36) facing away from the substrate (12) for contacting the surface, and a base end (26) facing towards the substrate (12). On the first or second or both major surfaces (14) of the substrate (12) there is arranged a plurality of first contact pads (22) for electrical connection to contact elements of an evaluation and/or driving means for evaluating the sensed electric signals and/or applying signals to the electrodes (16), the first contact pads (22) being electrically connected to the electrodes (16).

Abstract: A sensor device in the form of a substantially flat package for receiving and transmitting signals, to be monitored and/or recorded, comprising, in combination a first layer in the form of an annulus having an undersurface to adhere to the skin of a patient; a second layer in the form of a conductive sensing layer peripherally bounded by the first layer and having an undersurface adapted for contact with the skin of the patient; a conductive terminal extending above the second layer in adjacent and conductive relation therewith; a protector extending in shallow dome configuration over the first and second layers and over the terminal; and a conductive lead extending over edges defined by the first and second terminals, and under the protector, for protected contact with the terminal, and to transmit signals for monitoring or recording.

Abstract: The sensor has four electrodes arranged on a common base, three of which are made as closed circuits, placed one into another, whereas the fourth electrode is placed inside the smallest circuit. The external and the central electrodes form a pair of current-feeding electrodes, whereas the electrodes disposed between them form a pair of measuring electrodes. The second design option of the sensor has three electrodes, two of which are made as closed circuits placed one into another, whereas the third electrode is placed inside the electrode that is smaller. The external and the central electrodes form a pair of current-feeding electrodes, and the electrode arranged between them together with the external or the central electrode form a pair of measuring electrodes. The design of sensors makes it possible to use them in combination with biological signal sensors of non-rheographic modality, for example, pulse wave, temperature. The sensor may be incorporated in wristwatch or bracelet.

Abstract: An apparatus and processing method for assessing the electrical potential of cells in a living organism using a high-density sensor array having a density of at least about 9 electrodes per square inch for measuring the potential of the static and quasi-static electromagnetic fields of the group of cells proximal to each electrode, where the array can be placed overlying at least a portion of a surface of a living organism with substantially all of the electrodes electrically contactable with such surface, and the surface overlying a site containing cells of clinical interest.

Abstract: An electrode head including at least one bio-compatible electrode. The electrode head includes at least one printed circuit board (PCB) having a face area and a thickness and at least one bio-compatible electrode extending from the thickness of the at least one printed circuit board.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrode structure and a heart rate measuring arrangement for measuring an ECG signal on the skin of a person's chest. The electrode structure (100) comprises a band-like component (101) that is fitted against the skin (102) of the person's chest and that is made of soft and flexible material that follows the skin closely. At the ends of the electrode structure (100) there are electrodes (118, 122). The inner surface (116) of the electrode structure is an adhesive surface for attaching the electrode structure (100) on the skin (102) of the person's chest.

Abstract: An electronic stethoscope comprises a headpiece, a chest-piece and two earpieces. The headpiece is fitted with a display arrangement in the form of a liquid-crystal display. A microphone, one or more sensors and fixed electrodes and movable electrodes are mounted in the headpiece. The movable electrodes are fixed to pivoted arms which form a contact ring.

Abstract: An electrode structure for measuring an ECG signal on a person's skin. The electrode structure (100) to be arranged on the person's finger (102) comprises an inner surface (116) residing against the finger (102), which inner surface (116) of the electrode structure (100) comprises an inner surface electrode (118), the electrode structure (100) further comprising an outer surface (120) opposite to the inner surface (116), which outer surface (120) of the electrode structure (100) comprises an outer surface electrode (122) to be arranged against a point on the person's skin other than said finger (102) having the electrode structure (100) arranged thereon, the electrode structure being arranged to measure a potential difference caused by the ECG signal between a first electrode and a second electrode.

Abstract: A universal disposable ECG sensor positioning device and method for use with electrocardiogram diagnostic equipment in which the mask has six sensors, two of which are movable, to provide four different sizes to accommodate varying sized human torsos.

Abstract: A system for detecting and analyzing electrical activity in the anatomy of an organism underlying an electrode array provides signals corresponding to electrical activity adjacent each electrode. Such signals are correlated to the underlying anatomy of the organism and representative outputs presented through various types of output devices. Such outputs may include variations in coloration or other qualities in correspondence with representations of underlying anatomical structures. The system includes novel electrode structures (200, 224, and 284) and methods for producing and attaching electrode arrays (240 and 280) to the organism. The exemplary form of the invention is used in connection with the diagnosis of muscle activity in the lower lumbar regions of humans. Levels of muscle activity detected are analyzed by correlation with the muscular structures underlying the electrode array. Forms of the invention may be used in other applications.

Abstract: A configurable system for obtaining a measurement of activity producing biopotentials in a subject, for example EEG or EMG biopotentials. The system includes a three electrode array positionable on the head of the patient to detect signals generated in the head of the subject. The array is connected to a monitor that includes a switch arrangement that is selectively configurable to direct the incoming signals received by the electrode array to specified inputs of a differential amplifier that creates signals that are displayed on the monitor. The switch arrangement is configurable to measure the activity of the subject in a conventional 1-channel measurement mode. The switch arrangement can also be configured to simulate a 2-channel measurement mode by alternating the configuration of the switch arrangement in a pre-determined manner.

Abstract: Disclosed is a impedance measuring apparatus which is easy to use, and which is guaranteed to be free of incorrect measurement caused by some joints appearing in the current flowing passage intervening between two selected body parts and by the indefinite length between two selected body parts. The measuring apparatus of the present invention limits the place of the body under measurement to “one body region”, i.e.

Abstract: A system for detecting and analyzing electrical activity in the anatomy of an organism underlying an electrode array provides signals corresponding to electrical activity adjacent each electrode. Such signals are correlated to the underlying anatomy of the organism and representative outputs presented through various types of output devices. Such outputs may include variations in coloration or other qualities in correspondence with representations of underlying anatomical structures. The system includes novel electrode structures (200, 224, and 284) and methods for producing and attaching electrode arrays (240 and 280) to the organism. The exemplary form of the invention is used in connection with the diagnosis of muscle activity in the lower lumbar regions of humans. Levels of muscle activity detected are analyzed by correlation with the muscular structures underlying the electrode array. Forms of the invention may be used in other applications.

Abstract: A system for detecting and analyzing electrical activity in the anatomy of an organism underlying an electrode array provides signals corresponding to electrical activity adjacent each electrode. Such signals are correlated to the underlying anatomy of the organism and representative outputs presented through various types of output devices. Such outputs may include variations in coloration or other qualities in correspondence with representations of underlying anatomical structures. The system includes novel electrode structures (200, 224, and 284) and methods for producing and attaching electrode arrays (240 and 280) to the organism. The exemplary form of the invention is used in connection with the diagnosis of muscle activity in the lower lumbar regions of humans. Levels of muscle activity detected are analyzed by correlation with the muscular structures underlying the electrode array. Forms of the invention may be used in other applications.

Abstract: A system for detecting and analyzing electrical activity in the anatomy of an organism underlying an electrode array provides signals corresponding to electrical activity adjacent each electrode. Such signals are correlated to the underlying anatomy of the organism and representative outputs presented through various types of output devices. Such outputs may include variations in coloration or other qualities in correspondence with representations of underlying anatomical structures. The system includes novel electrode structures (200, 224, and 284) and methods for producing and attaching electrode arrays (240 and 280) to the organism. The exemplary form of the invention is used in connection with the diagnosis of muscle activity in the lower lumbar regions of humans. Levels of muscle activity detected are analyzed by correlation with the muscular structures underlying the electrode array. Forms of the invention may be used in other applications.

Abstract: A system for detecting and analyzing electrical activity in the anatomy of an organism underlying an electrode array provides signals corresponding to electrical activity adjacent each electrode. Such signals are correlated to the underlying anatomy of the organism and representative outputs presented through various types of output devices. Such outputs may include variations in coloration or other qualities in correspondence with representations of underlying anatomical structures. The system includes novel electrode structures (200, 224, and 284) and methods for producing and attaching electrode arrays (240 and 280) to the organism. The exemplary form of the invention is used in connection with the diagnosis of muscle activity in the lower lumbar regions of humans. Levels of muscle activity detected are analyzed by correlation with the muscular structures underlying the electrode array. Forms of the invention may be used in other applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides a power source for biomedical electrodes and other electronic devices comprising a galvanic cell in a state of partial construction. The galvanic cell generally comprises an anode conductor, a cathode conductor and electrolyte-containing substance. The anode is in electrical contact with a first quantity of electrically conductive medium and the cathode is in electrical contact with a second quantity of electrically conductive medium. The electrolyte-containing substance is separated from at least one of the anode or cathode until the cell is activated by allowing the electrolyte-containing substance to contact the anode and the cathode. Use of the galvanic cell in a drug delivery device is also disclosed.

Abstract: Epidermally mountable device includes terminus structures to enable positive connection with conductive tissue. The device includes nano spikes shaped to penetrate the epidermis of the skin to collect electrical biopotentials such as cardiac depolarization waveforms (ECGs) and various signals transmitted by implanted devices. Generally, the nano spikes are integrated on a substrate comprising, preferably, a flexible metalized conductive plate attachable to an adhesive backing. The device could be mounted on any external body of the patient to collect ECG, EEG or other signals. Further, the device is adaptable to include a programmable microprocessor, including memory and an antenna to store, receive and transmit data as needed. In one embodiment, in addition to collecting physiologic data through direct contact, the device may also be used as a smart patch to download, store and transfer data from implanted medical devices or other data sources using wireless data transmission medium.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention a combination of electrode patch is provided for the acquisition, detection, and compaction of the 12 leads EKG data and XYZ over a severely band limited channels such as the US cellular channels. The integrity (reduced error rates of data and maintenance of connectivity for physician and heath care professional continuously monitoring remote patient experiencing heart attack (MI)) of this data is vital to immediate decisions regarding therapy indication or contraindication as to the administration of thrombolytic therapy. Furthermore, novel High frequency relying on spatio-frequency decomposition of the averaged signal and thereby detection algorithms are also presented for early detection of ischemia and provides measures of predictive accuracies. Thrombolytic therapy is the clinical therapy used to manage acute heart attacks.

Abstract: An array of electrodes is constructed to allow the user to easily adjust to the correct size of the patient's head. The array is self-adhesive, pre-gelled and disposable. The array fits easily over the temple and forehead areas where EEG signals can be acquired by specially designed monitors for purposes of monitoring a number of bodily phenomena, including but not limited to, depth of anesthesia, and/or ischemia, and burst suppression. The array is connected to the monitor via a tab connector that is integral to the disposable device. The tab connector is insertible into a reusable connector that is part of a monitoring system.

Abstract: An implantable medical device (IMD) is disclosed that is formed on a substrate composed of liquid crystal polymer (LCP). In one embodiment, the IMD can be an interconnection module for interconnecting an electrode array to an equipment module. The interconnecting module includes conductors disposed on the LCP substrate and coupled to the electrode array, and wherein the conductors are encapsulated using a silicone or LCP encapsulant. In another embodiment, the IMD is an electrode array and interconnect module disposed on an integral LCP substrate. An equipment module can be coupled to the interconnect module. Alternatively, a hybrid electronic circuit can be coupled to the interconnect module for signal processing and conditioning signals received from the electrode array or for providing stimulus signals to the electrode array. In this embodiment, all of the conductors and at least a portion of the electrodes in the electrode array are encapsulated using a silicone or LCP encapsulant.

Abstract: A medical extravasation device has an electrode patch that can attach to the skin for sensing electrical information. Tissue impedance is calculated from the electrode patch signals. The patch has elongate pick-up electrodes inboard of elongate energizing electrodes. The measuring zone determined by the elongate space between the pick-up electrodes enhances sensitivity and specificity. The presence of an extravasation is determined by interpreting the tissue impedance measurement. The method for determining the extravasation includes a first step of determining a pre-injection baseline measurement of the tissue impedance. Then, the tissue impedance is monitored during the procedure itself. A predetermined amount of change in tissue impedance is determined to indicate an extravasation.

Abstract: The technique for detecting extravasation during the injection of fluid into a patient involves the establishment of a baseline representing impedance at the zone of the injection prior to the injection starting. Extravasation is signaled when at least two characteristics appear. First is that the impedance varies from the baseline more than a predetermined amount in more than a predetermined number of discreet time slots called epochs herein. Second is that, the rate of change of the impedance, which is called the slope herein, is consistently greater than a predetermined amount.