Abstract: An arrangement for magnetic particle imaging and a method for influencing and/or detecting magnetic particles in a region of action is disclosed, which arrangement comprises: magnetic particles in a region of action, the magnetic particles being influenceable and/or detectable, selection means for generating a magnetic selection field having a pattern in space of its magnetic field strength such that a first sub-zone having a low magnetic field strength and a second sub-zone having a higher magnetic field strengthare formed in the region of action, drive means for changing the position in space of the two sub-zones in the region of action by means of a magnetic drive field so that the magnetization of the magnetic particles changes locally, wherein each magneticparticle comprises a non-magnetic substrate with a layer of stainless steel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a low-noise MEG apparatus of high sensitivity. A MEG apparatus using a magnetic shield of high critical temperature superconductor is set on the floor of a building via mechanical vibration suppressor supports to prevent appearance of noise signals. Also, the apparatus is equipped with means for preventing any relative displacement between the SQUID magnetic sensors and the magnetic shield of high critical temperature superconductor, thereby not letting an inevitable mechanical vibration of least strength produce any variable components of the trapped static magnetic field, which the SQUID magnetic sensors could be sensitive to.

Abstract: MRI echo data is acquired by performing selective-excitation on regions composed of multi-slices of an object, while the object is moved continuously. The positions of the multi-slices are moved within a predetermined imaging range fixedly determined by an MRI system, according to object movement. This allows positions of the multi-slices to be changed in compliance with the moved object, so that the multi-slices positionally track with the object within the imaging range. Accordingly, a multi-slice imaging technique can be provided, which is executable during even continuous movement of the object.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dipole estimation method which adopts a living body model which is divided into an active area where the conductivity is homogeneous and a passive conductive area having an arbitrary conductivity distribution other than the active area, maintaining the calculation speed at a level as high as that with the conventional art, while allowing the accuracy of potential calculation to be improved.

Abstract: A method and system for locating a source of a signal. The source may be a wireless marker that is implanted in an object, such as a human body. The signal generated by the marker is a magnetic field. The location system uses an array of sensors to measure the magnetic field of the marker at various sensor locations. The location system compares the set of actual measurements to sets of reference measurements for various known locations within a bounding volume. Based on the comparisons, the location system identifies the set of reference measurements that most closely matches the set of actual measurements. The location system then uses sets of reference measurements for known locations near the closest known location to more accurately determine the marker location when it is not actually at one of the known locations.

Abstract: Examining an object wherein magnetic particles are introduced into at least part of a target area of the object under examination, the target area having a first part with a magnetic field strength that keeps magnetic particles in a non-saturated state, and a second part with a second magnetic field strength that keeps the magnetic particles in a saturated state. A superposed oscillating or rotating magnetic field is generated at least partially in the first part-area to cause at least some magnetic particles to oscillate or rotate. The target area is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation and detected radiation includes reflected or scattered electromagnetic radiation, which is modulated by interaction with rotating or oscillating magnetic particles in the target area. The intensity, absorption or polarization of the detected electromagnetic radiation is determined as a function of change in rotation or oscillation of the magnetic particles due to modulation.

Abstract: A system (10, 110) for identifying a landmark is disclosed. The system includes a field generator (16, 116) for generating a magnetic field, an orthopaedic implant (30, 130) located within the magnetic field, the implant having at least one landmark (31) and a first magnetic sensor (32) spaced apart from the landmark, a landmark identifier (18, 118) with a second magnetic sensor (20, 120) and a processor (12, 112) for comparing sensor data from the first and second sensor and using the set distance to calculate the position of the landmark identifier relative to the at least one landmark. The system allows for blind targeting of one or more landmarks.

Abstract: An apparatus measures electromagnetic signals from a weak signal source. A plurality of primary sensors is placed in functional proximity to the weak signal source with an electromagnetic field isolation surface arranged adjacent the primary sensors and between the weak signal source and sources of ambient noise. A plurality of reference sensors is placed adjacent the electromagnetic field isolation surface and arranged between the electromagnetic isolation surface and sources of ambient noise.

Abstract: A method for visualization includes receiving an input indicative of respective apparent coordinates of a plurality of points disposed along a length of a probe inside a body of a subject, and applying a model of known mechanical properties of the probe to the apparent coordinates so as to compute a cost function with respect to shapes that can be assumed by the probe in the body. A shape is chosen responsively to the cost function, and corrected coordinates of the points along the length of the probe are generated based on the shape. The representation of the probe using the corrected coordinates is then displayed.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging system for imaging human breasts, in which the system includes a main magnet providing a static magnetic field, a gradient coil insert received within the internal bore of the main magnet, the gradient coil insert including gradient coils providing a spatially varying magnetic field, a patient support table configured to support the patient within the patient opening, the patient support table including a patient support member with at least one breast opening sized and positioned so that in use the patient's breast extends through the opening and is accessible below the patient support member, an RF transmitter coil mounted on the patient support table in the vicinity of the at least one breast opening, and an RF receiver coil separate from the RF transmitter coil and mounted on the patient support table in the vicinity of the at least one breast opening.

Abstract: The presently described technology provides a method for simultaneously employing two or more coil architectures in an electromagnetic tracking system. The method includes providing a transmitter that includes three single-coil transmitters, one or more receivers each including three single-coil receivers, and a receiver array that includes a plurality of single-coil receivers; tracking one or more of the single-coil transmitters of the transmitter with respect to the receiver array; and simultaneously tracking one or more of the receivers with respect to the transmitter.

Abstract: A system and method of MR imaging is disclosed that includes reconstruction of MR images with uniform or homogeneous fat suppression. An imaging process is performed using partial asymmetric acquisitions in conjunction with zero-filling of k-space for dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging. Data acquisition is carried out in a relatively short period of time which reduces scan time, reduces the likelihood of subject discomfort and motion-induced artifacts, and increases patient throughput.

Abstract: A measuring container is provided, which can be used for biomagnetic measurements, in particular for magnetocardiological measurements. The measuring container comprises an outer screen against electromagnetic high frequency fields and an inner screen against low frequency electromagnetic fields. The measuring container is constructed as a two-chamber system with an outer container comprising the outer screen. A measuring chamber with the inner screen is introduced into the outer container. An antechamber which can be walked into from outside is formed between the inner wall of the outer container and the measuring chamber.

Abstract: A system and method places a percutaneous gastrostomy device into a body cavity of a patient using a magnetic gastrostomy tube and a medical detection sensing device. The magnetic gastrostomy tube has a ferromagnetic element attached to its distal end. Various embodiments allow a needle to be passed from the magnetic detection sensing device outside the patient toward a magnetic gastrostomy tube inside the patient or, alternatively, from the magnetic gastrostomy tube inside the patient toward the magnetic detection sensing device outside the patient. After a needle makes a hole between the outside of the patient and the body cavity, a medical wire may be passed through the hole, and the medical wire can then be used to place the percutaneous gastrostomy device.

Abstract: Device for treatment of a part of a human or animal body, including: treatment dose delivery means enabling treatment doses to be delivered to the human or animal body, mapping means enabling a zone or a volume of the body to be treated to be mapped and spatially defined in a predefined frame of reference and in a form of mapping data, localisation means enabling the instantaneous position of the treatment dose delivery means outlet to be localised in the form of localisation data in the frame of reference, electronic control means, which, are suitable for recording the mapping data of at least one zone or one volume of the body to be treated, acquired with the help of the mapping means, and which, enable a treatment to be controlled by using, during the course of the treatment, at least the mapping data and the localisation data.

Abstract: The apparatus of the present invention comprises: an excitation device which excites the measurement site with a local direct-current or alternating-current magnetic field, and a plurality of magnetic field detection devices which are disposed in proximity to each other to measure the magnetic field component that is perpendicular to the exciting magnetic field.

Abstract: This invention relates to a super-multichannel MEG system comprising sensors produced by printing sensor coils on thin films in positions shifted from each other and by laminating multiple thin-film sensor coils together. Intended for use in a multichannel MEG system comprising a dewar, the sensors are arrayed in the dewar to detect biomagnetism and the Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) to detect signals coming from the sensors. These sensors are characterized by the sensor coils being printed on thin films in positions shifted from each other laterally and longitudinally and by their being laminated in the required number.

Abstract: A CAM (current arrow map) 71 and another CAM 72 are obtained from magnetocardiogram waveforms measured from both front and back sides of a subject using data at a point of time of an R-wave peak, then the coordinates of the CAM 72 are inverted in both x and y axis directions to obtain a CAM 73. The coordinates of each of the CAMs 71 and 73 are converted to polar coordinates to obtain CAMs 74 and 75 at both front and back sides of the subject. After that, the CAM 74 is adjusted to the CAM 76 in scale to obtain a CAM 76 , and CAMs 74 and 76 are combined. Then, the CAM data at measuring points on each measuring-points-missing radius vector is inserted through an arithmetic processing by interpolation so that CAM data at every measuring point on a planispheric chart 77 are connected to each another consecutively.

Abstract: The same analytic data is combined in response to different relative phases. The resulting combinations are detected. The combination associated with the maximum magnitude is then selected for further processing. As a result, the complex data is processed across a variety of possible temporal discontinuities using candidate or possible phase shifts. The phase shift with the least cancellation and the associated combination is selected to minimize motion artifact cancellation.

Abstract: Provided is a highly accurate optical pumping magnetometer, in which a static magnetic field and an oscillating field to be applied to a vapor cell are stabilized. To this end, the optical pumping magnetometer includes: Helmholtz coils for applying a constant static magnetic field to a vapor cell serving as a magnetic field detector; fluxgate magnetometers for detecting environmental magnetic noise in two directions of X-axis direction and Y-axis direction other than Z-axis direction which is a direction for detecting a magnetic field coming out of a measurement object while locating the vapor cell in the center thereof; magnetometer drive circuits for driving the fluxgate magneotometers; current converters for converting outputs of the magnetometer drive circuits into amount of currents; and magnetic field generating coils for generating a magnetic field in a phase opposite to the environmental magnetic noise in the two directions.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method enabling one to shield a device that measures weak biomagnetic signals from strong magnetic interference fields. The measurement sensors are provided with a feedback compensation loop, the difference signal of which is obtained from the measurement sensors themselves. As the actuator of the feedback function, one or more coils are responsible for eliminating, the external interference fields in the region of the sensors. Difference signals can be generated as a linear combination from the signals of two or more sensors. In the control logic, the SSS method can be used to numerically separate the biomagnetic signal being measured from the signals produced by the sources—compensation coils and interference sources—disposed outside the measurement region. The interference suppression can be enhanced by placing the assembly of sensors and the actuators within a magnetically shielding room.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a drug delivery system which makes it possible to solve the existing technical problems and is easily usable in practice. A drug, which comprises an organic compound or an inorganic compound and has been magnetized by modifying a side chain and/or crosslinking side chains, is induced by a magnetic force into target tissues or an affected part.

Abstract: An interface system and method for controlling a magnetic surgery system by displaying a virtual image of the device, adjusting the configuration of the device or the actuation controls to be applied to the device until the configuration of the displayed device assumes the configuration desired by the user, or selecting a desired target location for the tip, and causing a set of actuation controls to be applied to the actual device to cause the actual device to assume the configuration of the virtual device or to steer the device tip to the desired location.

Abstract: A method and system for non-invasive determination of at least one condition of a living organism selected from physiological conditions and emotional states of the living organism are described. The method comprises sensing electromagnetic waves emanated from a skin portion in an extremely high frequency (EHF) band, and obtaining from the sensed electromagnetic waves at least one unique biometric signature of the living organism indicative of the organism condition. The system includes an antenna array unit configured for sensing the electromagnetic waves emanated from the skin portion; and a receiving unit configured and operable for obtaining the unique biometric signature. The sensed electromagnetic waves are indicative of bioelectric activity of neurally connected and electromagnetically interacting structures distributed in a skin portion of the living organism.

Abstract: Apparatus for driving current in a power circuit of a medical device inserted into a body of a subject includes a power transmitter, which is adapted to generate, in a vicinity of the body, an electromagnetic field having a predetermined frequency capable of inductively driving the current in the power circuit. A passive energy transfer amplifier, having a resonant response at the frequency of the electromagnetic field is placed in proximity to the medical device so as to enhance the current driven in the power circuit by the electromagnetic field.

Abstract: A method of operating a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system is described. A magnetic element in an implanted medical device is demagnetized by exposing it to an external demagnetizing magnetic field. Magnetic resonance imaging of the patient is performed. Then the magnetic element is remagnetized without removing it from the implanted medical device by exposing the magnetic element to an external remagnetizing magnetic field.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the evaluation of the urethra and periurethral tissues may involve an MRI coil adapted for insertion into the male, female or pediatric urethra. The MRI coil may be in electrical communication with an interface circuit made up of a tuning-matching circuit, a decoupling circuit and a balun circuit. The interface circuit may also be in electrical communication with a MRI machine. In certain practices, the present invention provides methods for the diagnosis and treatment of conditions involving the urethra and periurethral tissues, including disorders of the female pelvic floor, conditions of the prostate and anomalies of the pediatric pelvis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of determining a spatial distribution of magnetic particles in an examination zone, in which a magnetic field is generated that has a first sub-zone of lower magnetic field strength and a second sub-zone of higher magnetic field strength. The positions of the two sub-zones are changed, as a result of which the magnetization in the examination zone changes. Measured values that depend on the change in magnetization are acquired. A reference response function by means of which measured values can be determined mathematically from a spatial distribution of magnetic particles is then determined by means of at least extensive magnetic specimen distribution. Finally, the spatial distribution of magnetic particles is reconstructed from the measured values by means of the reference response function.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for delivering an electric field to a body by delivering a first magnetic field from a first coil in a first orientation to a body and directed at a desired target within the body, and delivering a second magnetic field from a second coil in a second orientation directed at the desired target within the body to induce an electric field across the desired target, wherein only one magnetic field is delivered to the body at any one time.

Abstract: A measuring method and apparatus in which a measurable object (23) is irradiated with acoustic waves to measure a change in property value of charged particles in the object from electromagnetic waves induced thereby. A part (2) of the measurable object irradiated with an acoustic focused beam (1) is in a charge distribution state in which positive charged particles (3) are greater in number in the part (2) where electromagnetic waves induced by positive charged particles (3) are not canceled by those induced by negative charged particles (4) and where net electromagnetic waves (6) are induced. Since a change in concentration of positive charged particles (3) and/or negative charged particles (4) changes the intensity of electromagnetic waves (6), it is possible to know such a change in concentration of the charged particles from a change in intensity of electromagnetic waves (6).

Abstract: A system includes a device swallowed, passing through a subject, and including a constant magnetic field generator generating a constant magnetic field; and a position transducer. The position transducer includes a magnetic detector, a calibration magnetic field generator, a magnetic detector detecting an intensity of a magnetic field, a coordinate calibrating unit, and a position processor. The calibration magnetic field generator is disposed at a fixed relative position to the subject, and generates a calibration magnetic field for position calibration of the magnetic detector. The coordinate calibrating unit calibrates a position coordinate of the magnetic detector using an intensity of the calibration magnetic field. The position processor calculates a position of the device in the subject based on the intensity of the constant magnetic field and the position coordinate of the magnetic detector calibrated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for evaluating acute stroke patients and for determining whether a stroke patient will benefit from the use of thrombolysis therapy includes obtaining measurements of the cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume of the brain of a stroke patient, determining ischemic areas of the brain where the ischemic areas comprise the measurements of cerebral blood flow which are less than a first value and creating a penumbra-infarct map of the ischemic areas of the brain using the measurements. The infarct area corresponds to the area of the brain where cerebral blood volume is less than a second value. The penumbra area corresponds to the area of the brain where cerebral blood volume is greater than this second dvalue. The method also includes determining a ratio of penumbra size to the total of penumbra size and infarct size. When the ratio is greater than a predetermined value, the stroke patient is a candidate for thrombolysis therapy.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a device and method for opening obstructed body internal passages and for sensing and characterizing tissues and substances being in contact with the device of the invention. In general, the device of the present invention comprises a catheter tube capable of inducing vibrations in a guidewire contained therein, wherein said vibrations of the guidewire are utilized for opening a passage through an occlusion. The in-vivo vibrations may be induced by means of a magnetic field actuating means (5) and a guidewire (2) comprising magnetic coupling means (3), or by means of transducers, which may be also used for the sensing.

Abstract: A method for displaying a position of a medical device, such as a catheter, during insertion of the medical device into a patient is disclosed. In one example embodiment, the method includes obtaining a first set of detected position data relating to a location marker, then determining a possible first position of the location marker. A first confidence level relating to a match between the first set of detected position data and a first set of predicted position data is assigned. A determination is made whether the first confidence level meets or exceeds a first threshold. If the first confidence level meets or exceeds the first threshold, a determination is then made whether the first position of the location marker is within a first detection zone. If the first position of the location marker is within the first detection zone, the first position of the location marker is displayed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method for non-invasively sensing pulse rate and blood flow anomalies using a localized, uni-directional, and constant magnetic field. The apparatus comprises a magnetic source for producing the magnetic field, a signal acquisition module with a magnetic sensor for detecting the modulations of the magnetic field caused by the blood flow; and a signal processing module for processing the acquired signals so as to produce data of pulse rate and blood flow anomalies. The method senses pulse rate and blood flow anomalies by providing a localized, uni-directional, and constant magnetic field in proximity to a blood vessel; detecting the variations of the magnetic field caused by the flow of pulsatile blood within the blood vessel; and processing the signals of the detected variations so as to monitor the blood flow.

Abstract: Performing medical imaging. The generation of medical images, which includes a Source AFFine Image REconstruction (SAFFIRE) algorithm, is based on an iterative implementation of minimum mean-square error (MMSE) estimation within an affine-transformed solution space and utilizes a matched filter bank initialization coupled with energy normalization of each successive estimate. An incoherent integration technique provides an alternative implementation strategy to either increase signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or generalize the estimator to accommodate temporally-separated interference sources. In addition, the estimator solution may be employed to determine volumetric constraints with which to re-apply the estimator to further improve the estimation accuracy.

Abstract: An intraluminal sensor designs for multifunctional characterization of injured, stunned, infarcted myocardium, atherosclerotic plagues and tumors are disclosed. Various embodiments of the present invention comprise the sensor tips for a catheter. The tips comprises differential sensor arrangements, and use built-in electromagnet assemblies for a single or multiple axis sensing of various parameters of local magnetic field.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for quantifying pharyngeal residue and aspiration of a patient by x-ray imaging of the patient's head and neck to produce a baseline image, applying an initial volume of x-ray opaque solution to a patient by mouth; x-ray imaging the head and neck of the patient having received the solution before and after swallowing to produce respective second and third images; and calculating a ratio of the pharyngeal residue volume to the initial volume to determine the proportion of the swallowed bolus that remain in the pharyngeal recesses; and calculating a ratio of the material entering the trachea to the known initial volume to determine the proportion of the swallowed bolus that has been aspirated; and if the volume of the original bolus is known, calculating the actual volume of the pharyngeal residue and aspiration. The apparatus includes a suitably programmed computer and an x-ray imaging system to collect image data.

Abstract: An integrated catheter placement system for accurately placing a catheter within a patient'vasculature is disclosed. In one embodiment, the integrated system comprises a system console, a tip location sensor for temporary placement on the patient's chest, and an ultrasound probe. The tip location sensor senses a magnetic field of a stylet disposed in a lumen of the catheter when the catheter is disposed in the vasculature. The ultrasound probe ultrasonically images a portion of the vasculature prior to intravascular introduction of the catheter. The ultrasound probe includes user input controls for controlling use of the ultrasound probe in an ultrasound mode and use of the tip location sensor in a tip location mode. In another embodiment, ECG signal-based catheter tip guidance is included in the integrated system to enable guidance of the catheter tip to a desired position with respect to a node of the patient's heart.

Abstract: It is an aspect of the present invention to provide a magnetic detection coil 1b made of a single wire of one of superconducting and metallic materials. Four second-order differential coils 21 to 24 are arranged so that a geometric figure obtained by connecting the respective centers of said four differential coils can form a parallelogram. By providing intersections 25 to 27 between said four second-order differential coils 21 to 24, the values of magnetic flux respectively penetrating said differential coils 21 to 24 are differentiated in three different directions. The present invention is able to detect magnetic signals stably, despite a current direction of the signal source.

Abstract: The present invention generally provides improved devices, systems, and methods for measuring materials with NMR and/or MRI. Exemplary embodiments provide a sensor array for NMR mapping of the material. For example tissue can be measured with the sensor array mounted on a probe body having a distal portion which can be inserted through a minimally invasive aperture. While many tissues can be measured and/or diagnosed, one exemplary embodiment includes a probe adapted for insertion into a lumen of a blood vessel. The sensor array can provide improved spatial resolution of tissue and/or tissue structures positioned near the sensor array to diagnose potentially life threatening diseases, for example a fibrous cap covering a vulnerable plaque. In specific embodiments, the sensors are attached to an expandable member, for example a balloon, which can be inflated to urge the probe sensors radially outward to position the sensors near the tissue structures.

Abstract: A method of performing intra-operative three-dimensional imaging and registering diagnostic functional information to the three-dimensional anatomical data is introduced. The availability of co-registered diagnostic information to intra-operative data enables fast and efficient navigation to pre-selected target areas, and allows automatic or semi-automatic treatment of cardiac cavity or vascular disease.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a system for locating a transverse hole disposed at a predetermined location in a surgical implant inserted into a fractured bone of a patient and for drilling the fractured bone coaxially with the transverse hole is provided. The system comprises a first electromagnetic sensor unit coupled to the surgical implant, a surgical instrument for drilling a hole through the fractured bone coaxially with the transverse hole, the surgical instrument having a main axis disposed in parallel to the axis of the transverse hole, an electromagnetic drive unit coupled to the surgical instrument for energizing the first electromagnetic sensor unit to transmit a signal, a second electromagnetic sensor unit configured for receiving the signal and a display unit for converting the signal into visual signals enabling a user to change the position of the surgical instrument to align the surgical instrument with the transverse hole of the surgical implant.

Abstract: In order to enable patient data to be reliably taken into account in a simple manner for examination by means of an imaging medical diagnostic equipment of a patient positionable on a table top of a patient table, it is provided according to the invention for an occupancy distribution exerted by the patient on the table top to be ascertained, patient data corresponding to this occupancy distribution, specifically in respect of body dimensions and/or body posture, to be determined, and the diagnostic equipment to be adjusted according to the patient data; to ascertain the occupancy distribution, there is advantageously provided a distribution of pressure sensors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel manner of measuring DC fields using a multi-channel MEG or MKG measuring instrument; and on the other hand, to a manner of eliminating from the measurement result the interference signals caused by the DC currents. The invention combines the monitoring system of a testee's movement and the method for motion correction of the measured signals so that the signals produced by the DC currents of a moving testee's are visible in the final measurement result as a static signal component in a conventional MEG or MKG measurement. In that case, in the measurement, it is not necessary to beforehand prepare oneself for measuring the DC fields.

Abstract: A living body inspection apparatus including an oscillation coil which passes an AC current, a detection coil which detects an AC magnetic field generated from the detection coil, an amplification circuit which amplifies a voltage generated by the magnetic field induced by the detection coil, a detecting unit for detecting the output signal of the amplification circuit, a low pass filter to which the output signal of the detecting unit is input, a unit for setting the oscillation coil and detection coil in first and second regions of the living body, a recording unit for recording the output of the low pass filter while the first region and the second region of the living body are moving and a displaying unit for displaying the data recorded in the recording unit or results of analysis of the recorded data.

Abstract: Provided is a device for measuring biomedical data from a testee, with a recording system for taking the data and a first hardware component for displaying the data. A device for electrical separation of the data is arranged in a connector line for transmitting the data from the recording system to the first hardware component for displaying the data. At least a duplication of the data for data processing purposes is thus guaranteed. The data processed in said manner are used for a method for real-time stimulation of a testee.

Abstract: A method for interpreting the current distribution of an object being measured using basis vector components calculated from the measured signals. The components in question have been so selected that they describe the features, as independent as possible, of the current distribution being examined, which enhances the computation and makes it more accurate. This is achieved by converting the measured signals into a more natural form from the standpoint of the current distribution while totally eliminating the signals associated with the external interferences. After the conversion, the source modeling is performed in an optimal manner using the basis vector components of the signal space instead of the actual measurement signals. One substantial feature of the invention is that after the conversion, the source model need not be regularized any more.

Abstract: A method for pain treatment and measurement according to various aspects of the present invention generally includes providing an external field to a portion of a living being, wherein the external field comprises a frequency of about 3040 Hz. This frequency of about 3040 Hz can also be intermixed with two or more other frequencies for the treatment and measurement of pain, and can be utilized alone or together with other intermixed frequencies to treat inflammation and osteoporosis.

Abstract: An MRI protector for protecting personnel and the MRI apparatus from the introduction of ferrous articles into the magnetic field of the MRI has an array of Hall effect sensors oriented to scan the magnetic field of the MRI. The Hall effect sensors are oriented to scan the magnetic field at the access door of the shielded MRI room. The sensors are connected to a central processing unit (CPU) which analyses the output of the sensors and propagates a warning when the presence of ferrous articles affects the magnetic field of the MRI.