Abstract: A system for ultrasound imaging may include acquisition of color Doppler data associated with a pulse repetition frequency (fPRF) and a baseline shift, selection of a frame of the color Doppler data associated with low flow velocity, determination, based on the selected frame, of a first area of non-aliased flow velocities and a first direction of the non-aliased flow velocities, and detection, in another frame of the color Doppler data, of a first transition between one or more velocities of the first area and one or more velocities of an adjacent second area. A second transition may be detected between the second area and an adjacent third area of the color Doppler data, and a velocity corresponding to a Doppler shift frequency of fPRF is subtracted from or added to each of the flow velocities of the second area.

Abstract: An ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus is provided. The ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus includes a B-flow data generator configured to generate B-flow data based on echo signals obtained by performing transmission/reception of ultrasound on a subject given vibrations, and a displayer configured to display a B-flow image based on the B-flow data.

Abstract: A system for managing a patient is disclosed and can include a patient interface adapted to obtain ultrasound information about the patient, a provider interface adapted to facilitate communication between the system and a provider, and a controller in communication with the patient interface and the provider interface, the controller including a clinical management module adapted to receive the ultrasound information and to recommend a clinical management strategy based upon the ultrasound information. A method of presenting a clinical management strategy is also described including obtaining information regarding a condition of a patient, developing a determinant reflecting the condition, and presenting a user with a clinical management strategy on an output device.

Abstract: The present invention provides procedures and systems that use a closed-loop approach for directing ultrasound energy at a clot while monitoring blood flow and/or liquification of the clot tissue so as to allow automated and/or manual adjustments to various treatment parameters.

Abstract: Adaptive volume rendering is provided for medical diagnostic ultrasound. The opacity of B-mode data is set relative to the opacity of Doppler data. The opacities for the different types of data are set as a function of ray depth. For example, the opacity of B-mode data near a tissue border is set to be more opaque than for tissue away from the border, and the opacity for flow data near a flow border is set to be less opaque than for flow away from the border. An image is rendered using a rendering parameter set as a function of ray depth, B-mode information and Doppler information. Other processes for enhancing and/or using rendering may be used.

Abstract: A system and method for unattended monitoring of blood flow using an array of transmitter elements configured to transmit acoustic signals along a transmission direction; an array of receiver elements configured to receive acoustic signals originating from the array of transmitter elements, wherein the array of transmitter elements is arranged approximately orthogonal to the array of receiver elements and wherein each receiver element is configured to provide an output signal; an electronics system comprising a transmitter control subsystem configured to adjust the transmission direction, a receiver control subsystem configured to selectively activate and deactivate receiver elements, thus defining an acoustic aperture, an analog adder circuit, and signal processing circuitry; a fastener to position the elements on a patient; and a processor in communication with the electronics system and configured to enable self-alignment of transmitted acoustic signals based on received acoustic signals and determine a bl

Abstract: A method includes acquiring vibrational cardiac data from an array of N transducers wherein the transducers are coupled to a human. A master replica is selected from a segment of the vibrational cardiac data. The master replica is correlated with the segment to obtain a plurality of local maxima. Vibrational cardiac data that were emitted during a diastolic interval are extracted from each heart cycle with the aid of the plurality of local maxima. A two-dimensional space-time frequency power spectrum is processed for Equivalent Rectangular Bandwidth, which provides estimates of the energy produced by turbulent blood flow through a coronary stenosis.

Abstract: A volumetric method for 2-D flow imaging is provided in medical diagnostic ultrasound. Flow data for a volume is acquired. For more rapid acquisition, broad beam transmission and reception along many scan lines distributed in the volume is used. The volumetric flow data is filtered, such as by calculating statistical information, to generate a planar/2-D flow image. The statistical information from the three-dimensional flow data is used to determine the display values for the flow imaging.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for obtaining the absolute value of intracranial pressure in a non-invasive manner is described by using an ultrasonic Doppler measuring device which detects the intracranial and extracranial blood flow velocities of the intracranial and extracranial segments of the ophthalmic artery. The eye in which the blood flow is monitored is subjected to an external pressure, sufficient to equalize the intracranial and extracranial angle-independent blood flow factors calculated from the intracranial velocity signal and extracranial velocity signal.

Abstract: A mobile measurement device comprising a computing device; one or more sensors that are coupled to the computing device using one or more corresponding compatible digital interfaces; and logic encoded with instructions which when executed perform determining and storing vascular function information and one or more of: values of metrics or parameters; physiological analysis of the parameters and the vascular function information; recommendations for actions that an individual or healthcare provider should take in response to the recommendations or parameters. Embodiments further include processes for using vascular function information collected from a mobile measurement device to generate the parameters, analysis, and recommendations.

Abstract: The present invention provides for an improved combination sensor tip that includes an ultrasound transducer and a pressure sensor both disposed at or in close proximity to the distal end of the combination sensor tip. The present invention also provides for an improved connector to couple a guide wire to a physiology monitor that reduces torsional resistance when maneuvering the guide wire.

Abstract: A system including an implantable neurostimulator device capable of modulating cerebral blood flow to treat epilepsy and other neurological disorders. In one embodiment, the system is capable of modulating cerebral blood flow (also referred to as cerebral perfusion) in response to measurements and other observed conditions. Perfusion may be increased or decreased by systems and methods according to the invention as clinically required.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for determining and tracking location of a metallic object in a living body, and then directing a second modality such as ultrasound waves to the determined location. The metal detector may be a radar detector adapted to operate on a living body. The adaption may include disposing a transfer material having electromagnetic properties similar to the body between the radar detector and the living body, ECG gating the radar detector, and/or employing an optimal estimator with a model of expected stent movement in a living body. Applications include determination of extent of in-stent restenosis, performing therapeutic thrombolysis, or determining operational features of a metallic implant.

Abstract: A heart monitoring system for a patient includes one or more wireless nodes forming a wireless network; a wearable appliance having a wireless transceiver to communicate with the one or more wireless nodes; and an analyzer to determine vital signs, the analyzer coupled to the wireless transceiver to receive patient data over the wireless network.

Abstract: Heart diseases are detected by producing a series of ultrasound images that depict the blood flow pattern in the left ventricle at successive phases of the cardiac cycle. The blood flow pattern images are produced by injecting a diluted contrast agent and tracking the contrast agent particles as they flow through the left ventricle by acquiring ultrasound images at a high frame rate.

Abstract: Minimally invasive systems and methods are described for measuring pulmonary circulation information from the pulmonary arteries. A transbronchial Doppler ultrasound catheter is advanced through the airways and in the vicinity of the pulmonary artery. Doppler ultrasound energy is sent through the airway wall and across the pulmonary artery to obtain velocity information of blood flowing through the artery. The velocity information is used to compute pulmonary circulation information including but not limited to flowrate.

Abstract: An ultrasonic imaging system comprises a processing system and an ultrasound imaging probe that is configured to transmit ultrasound energy into a selected portion of a subject and to receive echoes therefrom and to transmit data signals representative thereof to the processing system. The system further comprises a blood pressure sensor that is configured to measure the blood pressure of the subject and to transmit data signals representative thereof to the processing system. The processing system can processes the received ultrasound data signals to generate an ultrasound image and the received blood pressure data signals to generate a blood pressure trace. The processing system can also display the ultrasound image and blood pressure trace in a display image in which portions of the ultrasound image are displayed in temporal synchrony with portions of the blood pressure trace.

Abstract: A placement mechanism for placing a sensor for non invasive measurement of at least one parameter. The placement mechanism comprises a angling unit which angles a sensor in relation to a sensor positioning site on a skin of a target patient in proximity to the ribs while maintaining a front side contact zone of the sensor in contact with the sensor positioning site and an attachment element for attaching the placement mechanism to a body of the target patient so that the front side contact zone being in contact with the sensor positioning site.

Abstract: Examples for filtering clutter signals from receive signals obtained in a Doppler mode in an ultrasound system are disclosed. The signal processing unit processes received echoes to provide 2-dimensional image data of the target object, the 2-dimensional image data being representative of a 2-dimensional image. A region of interest (ROI) is set on the 2-dimensional image of the target object, The signal processing unit obtains a Doppler mode image pixel data corresponding to the ROI. The signal processing unit sets filter cutoff frequencies based on characteristics of the Doppler mode image pixel data and filter the Doppler mode image pixel data with the set filter cutoff frequencies to output filtered pixel data with clutter signals filtered.

Abstract: A Doppler signal detecting unit 42 and spectrum calculating unit 44 measure a Doppler spectrum from a reception signal obtained by ultrasonic wave transmission/reception with respect to a diagnosis region of an object to be examined. A local maximum/minimum detecting unit 62 detects a plurality of local maximum/minimum pairs with respect to a trace waveform generated by a trace waveform generating unit 61 on the basis of the Doppler spectrum. A feature amount selecting unit 64 selects a desired waveform from a plurality of local maximum/minimum pairs in a predetermined cardiac cycle set by a cardiac cycle setting unit 63 by using heartbeat information from a living body measuring unit 9 on the basis of a preset selection criterion. A diagnostic parameter is measured on the basis of the position information or amplitude information of the selected waveform.

Abstract: A differential-image creating unit creates a three-dimensional image on which an artery is highlighted and a three-dimensional image on which a tumor is highlighted. An image compositing unit combines the three-dimensional images to composite an image. A display control unit displays the composite image on a monitor. Moreover, when compositing an image, the image compositing unit composites the image such that a tumor nutrient blood-flow inside and outside tumor is to be displayed in respective different colors. Furthermore, a blood-flow quantity inside tumor measuring unit calculates a blood-flow quantity inside tumor and a ratio of the blood-flow quantity inside tumor to a tumor volume, and the display control unit displays the blood-flow quantity inside tumor and the ratio of the blood-flow quantity inside tumor to the tumor volume. Accordingly, information that is meaningful for determining malignancy of a tumor can be provided.

Abstract: The cross-correlation of corresponding signals facilitates the development of sensor nanotechnologies including a catheter for performing ablation of cardiac arrhythmias and a biocompatible electrical interface with monitoring capabilities. Cross-correlation of data acquired with differing techniques enables system calibration and design, as well as, validation of the data acquired with next generation sensors. In a preferred mode of the invention, novel cardiac nanosensors enable an operator to differentiate one individual patient's cardiac tissue mechanical properties from others by using a sense of touch much as clinicians today use auditory cues with a stethoscope.

Abstract: A method and device for transforming a Doppler velocity dataset into a velocity vector field, the including: (a) providing a 2D or 3D Doppler velocity dataset, acquired by means of 2D or 3D ultrasonography from an object; b) calculating a velocity vector field by assuming the velocity at each point of the dataset to be the sum of the provided Doppler velocity and an additional vector field derived from an irrotational flow velocity, and by assuming the velocity vector field to be mathematically continuous, therefore solving an elliptical equation of the Poisson type.

Abstract: An ultrasound imaging system with pixel oriented processing is provided in which an acoustic signal is generated, echoes from the acoustic signal are received at a plurality of receiving elements to obtain echo signals that are then stored, a given pixel is mapped into a region of the stored signals, the mapped region of the stored echo signals is organized into array for the given pixel after which the array is processed to generate a signal response for the given pixel to obtain acoustic information for the given pixel. The system can be implemented entirely on plug-in cards for a commercial PC motherboard. The system and method can be implemented for pixel-oriented or voxel-oriented image processing and display, eliminating intermediate data computations and enabling extensive use of software processing methods. Advantages include improved acquisition of signal dynamic range, flexible acquisition modes for high frame rate 2D, 3D, and Doppler blood flow imaging.

Abstract: A frame averaging circuit adapted for a color blood flow frame in a medical ultrasound imaging system. The frame averaging circuit comprises two sections, i.e., a recursive calculation section and a non-recursive section. The recursive calculation section employs an IIR filter in combination with a look-up table, and is adapted for dealing with the cases where no change occurs to the blood flow velocity direction. The non-recursive section compares the blood flow velocity, the energy and the energy prior to wall filtering of the color blood flow echo signal to various threshold values. Different from the recursive calculation section, the non-recursive section is employed when a change occurs to the blood flow velocity direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for monitoring long-term potentiation and long-term depression, comprising placing a subject in head down bed rest position and monitoring in real-time cerebral mean blood flow velocity using a transcranial Doppler device during psychophysiologic tasks. The method involves using Fourier analysis of mean blood flow velocity data to derive spectral density peaks of cortical and subcortical processes. The effect of head-down bed rest at different time intervals is seen as accentuation of the cortical peaks in long-term potentiation and attenuation of subcortical peaks in long-term depression, relative to baseline. The effect of different interventions could be evaluated for research, diagnosis, rehabilitation and therapeutic use.

Abstract: A blood rheology measuring apparatus has a measuring portion for measuring a flow velocity of the blood flowing in a blood vessel of a person in a mode of a Doppler shift signal by transmitting and receiving a wave to and from a surface of the person's skin. An information processing portion calculates an intensity at each of frequency components of the Doppler shift signal, extracts a maximum frequency in a signal at an intensity level equal to or larger than a threshold in the histogram or a maximum frequency when an integrated value from a low frequency component reaches a predetermined rate of a total thereof in the histogram, and provides a temporal change waveform of the extracted frequency. The blood rheology is analyzed by an area value of a portion at and above a line connecting a minimum value of one pulse waveform and a minimum value of a successive pulse waveform of the frequency waveform.

Abstract: Methods and devices are disclosed that, in various embodiments and permutations and combinations of inventions, diagnose and treat Pulmonary Embolism or associated symptoms. In one series of embodiments, the invention consists of methods and devices for identifying patients whose Pulmonary Embolism or associated symptoms are caused or exacerbated, at least in part, by blockages of one or more of the patient's internal pulmonary veins. In some instances, stenoses or other flow limiting structures or lesions in the patient's affected veins are identified. Further, in some instances the nature of such lesions and whether there is a significant disruption of blood pressure, or both, is ascertained. In some embodiments, methods and devices for applying one or more therapies to the blockages in the patient's pulmonary veins are provided.

Abstract: Systems and methods for processing echo signals in a Doppler ultrasound system from a region of interest. An ultrasound beam is electronically steered to deliver ultrasound to and receive echo signals from a plurality of sample locations in the region of interest. The echo signals for each sample location are processed to extract Doppler shift signals and Doppler shift data representing the Doppler shift signals are generated. The Doppler shift data accumulated for the sample locations can be used to detect the presence of blood flow in the region of interest, and identify the location in the region of interest at which the presence of blood flow is detected. The blood flow can be tracked by updating the location of the detected blood flow in the region of interest. The blood flow can be further monitored by combining the locating and tracking functionality with an m-mode ultrasound image.

Abstract: Methods and devices are disclosed that, in various embodiments and permutations and combinations of inventions, diagnose and treat Multiple Sclerosis or associated symptoms. In one series of embodiments, the invention consists of methods and devices for identifying patients whose Multiple Sclerosis or associated symptoms are caused or exacerbated, at least in part, by blockages of one or more of the patient's internal jugular veins (IJV) or azygous veins (AZV). In some instances, stenoses or other flow limiting structures or lesions in the patient's affected veins are identified. Further, in some instances the nature of such lesions and whether there is a significant disruption of blood pressure, or both, is ascertained. In some embodiments, methods and devices for applying one or more therapies to the blockages in the patient's IJV or AZV veins are provided.

Abstract: One embodiment provides a data compression apparatus for compressing Doppler data including a plurality of types of measurement data obtained by ultrasound measurement, the apparatus including: a first compression unit configured to compress first measurement data according to a first compression parameter to thereby generate first compressed data; a second compression unit configured to compress second measurement data according to a second compression parameter different from the first compression parameter to thereby generate second compressed data; and a combining unit configured to combine the first compressed data and the second compressed data.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of e.g. ultra-sound imaging. In particular the present invention relates to a device for supporting an ultrasound probe or probe with other contrast imaging technology, preferably during heart imaging. The device comprises a fixation part comprising an aperture for receiving the probe. The device also comprises at least two skin supports (2, 3) for supporting the probe against a tissue of a human or animal bodily organ. The fixation part is positioned above the skin supports and a cavity (4) between the skin supports (2,3) are provided for allowing the probe to perform measurements of the organ. In addition the invention relates to a handle for operating the device a system comprising a probe, the device and the handle.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus includes a detection unit configured to detect a distribution of velocity information at each position in a predetermined area in an object over a predetermined interval by scanning the predetermined area with an ultrasonic wave, a calculation unit configured to calculate at least one feature amount based on at least one of a maximum flow velocity value, a minimum flow velocity value, and a mean flow velocity value at the each position in the predetermined interval by using velocity information at each position over the predetermined interval, and a display unit configured to display the feature amount in a predetermined form.

Abstract: The velocity of fluids containing particles that scatter ultrasound can be measured by determining the Doppler shift of the ultrasound scattered by the particles in the fluid. Measuring fluid flow in cylindrical vessels such as blood vessels is an important use of Doppler ultrasound. This invention teaches using various configurations of cylindrical diffraction-grating transducers and cylindrical non-diffraction-grating transducers that suppress the Doppler shift from non-axial components of fluid velocity while being sensitive to the Doppler shift produced by axial velocity components. These configurations thus provide accurate measurement of the net flow down the vessel, even when the fluid flow is curved or not parallel to the vessel wall.

Abstract: Methods for color Doppler imaging in an ultrasound imaging system are disclosed herein. Ultrasound radio frequency RF data is demodulated using a nested processing loop including an inner loop and an outer loop. A plurality of Wall filter coefficients are fetched from ultrasound imaging system memory in a single memory access cycle. The plurality Wall filter coefficients are applied to a plurality of complex ultrasound data values in a single execution cycle. The Wall filtered ultrasound data are provided to a flow estimator.

Abstract: An ultrasonic blood flow sensor includes a plurality of adjacent triangular shaped transducer elements which transmit ultrasound waves into a blood vessel and receive reflected ultrasound waves from the blood flow in the vessel. Preferably the transducer elements are paired in pairs of transmit and receive elements. The elements are fixed in a matrix which may be attached in acoustic coupling contact with the skin The matrix retains adjacent transducer elements slightly spaced apart so that the matrix of transducer elements may bend and conform to the shape of the skin surface. The spacing between the triangular elements is neither parallel nor orthogonal to the length dimension of the matrix so that a blood vessel will not be aligned with a space between transducer elements when the matrix is affixed across the location of a blood vessel.

Abstract: Systems for color Doppler imaging in an ultrasound imaging system are disclosed herein. An ultrasound imaging system includes color Doppler imaging circuitry. The color Doppler imaging circuitry is configured to estimate flow parameters. The imaging circuitry includes a radio frequency (“RF”) demodulator configured to produce in-phase and quadrature components of an ultra-sound data vector. The RF demodulator includes a table in memory that stores interleaved sine and cosine values. The RF demodulator maintains an index value for the table having higher precision than is used to index the table. The RF demodulator rounds the index value for each access of the table. Each table access retrieves a sine value and a cosine value.

Abstract: A method for dynamic cerebral autoregulation (CA) assessment includes acquiring a blood pressure (BP) signal having a first oscillatory pattern from a first individual, acquiring a blood flow velocity (BFV) signal having a second oscillatory pattern from the first individual, decomposing the BP signal into a first group of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), decomposing the BFV signal into a second group of IMFs, determining dominant oscillatory frequencies in the first group of IMFs, automatically selecting a first characteristic IMF from the first group of IMFs that has its associated dominant oscillatory frequency in a predetermined frequency range, automatically selecting a second characteristic IMF from the second group of IMFs, calculating a time sequence of instantaneous phase difference between the first characteristic IMF and the second characteristic IMF, computing an average of the instantaneous phase difference in the time sequence, and identifying a pathological condition in the first individual.

Abstract: A system for life support in high performance avionics that utilizes cerebral blood flow velocity measurements and responses to real-time neuropsychological tests of brain function, to accomplish prevention of gravitational loss of consciousness, determination of cognitive state-of-being of the crewmember, regulation of autonomy-decision making level, while taking into account individualized +Gz-tolerance and cognitive abilities under +Gz-stress, comprising a transcranial Doppler device, attached to a microcomputer, operatively connected to the mainframe avionic computer.

Abstract: A non-invasive method of diagnosing and treating vessel occlusion and, in particular, small vessel occlusion by using transcranial Doppler ultrasound scanning. The method can be used for all forms of small vessel ischaemia, including all sub-types of ischaemic stroke, ischaemia secondary to primary intracerebral hemorrhage and intracerebral tumour, diagnosis and treatment is carried out by the identification of abnormal signals during ultrasound intonation.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for simulating human ophthalmic artery for testing of ultrasound devices is disclosed, whereby two chambers are provided and are capable of being independently pressurized, one representing the intra-cranial space and the other representing extra-cranial space, and whereby a tube running through both chambers is provided, simulating the course of the ophthalmic artery and capable of being pressurized to stimulate arterial pressure. The apparatus is operated by pressuring both chambers, and pumping a blood-imitating fluid through the vessel in a pulsatile manner.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for an ultrasound system provide compression of ultrasound signal samples after analog to digital conversion and before beamforming. The analog ultrasound signals received from an array of ultrasound transducer elements are digitally sampled by a plurality of analog to digital converters (ADCs) to produce a plurality of sequences of signal samples. Each sequence of signal samples is compressed to form a corresponding sequence of compressed samples. The resulting sequences of compressed samples are transferred via a digital interface to an ultrasound signal processor. At the ultrasound signal processor, the received sequences of compressed samples are decompressed. The typical processing operations, such as beamforming, downconversion and detection, are applied to decompressed samples. This abstract does not limit the scope of the invention as described in the claims.

Abstract: An ultrasound diagnostic apparatus which forms a three-dimensional bloodstream image by reference to volume data obtained from a three-dimensional space within a living organism. Binarization processing and three-dimensional labeling processing are applied to velocity volume data, to thereby generate three-dimensional mask data. At this time, because a bloodstream object has a larger volume size than a noise object, this difference in volume size is utilized to discriminate between a bloodstream portion and a noise portion. Bloodstream volume data are then generated from the velocity volume data and by reference to the three-dimensional mask data. Then, a three-dimensional bloodstream image is formed by reference to the bloodstream volume data.

Abstract: A system for detecting and measuring increased global or local intracranial pressure includes various devices for performing controlled occlusion of jugular cranial blood outflow and generating occlusion data related to said controlled occlusion, a cranial blood outflow pressure measurement device and a processor for processing jugular cranial blood outflow occlusion data and cranial blood outflow data to identify and/or measure a functional relationship between the jugular controlled occlusion and the jugular cranial blood outflow pressure. A device communicates the functional relationship a display device and/or a patient monitoring system. The processor also detects a state of equilibrium between the jugular cranial blood outflow pressure and the jugular occlusion pressure at occlusion.

Abstract: A method and system are described for generating a signal indicative of an intravascular image received at least partly via a light transducer and invoking circuitry for passing the generated signal out of a subject's body.

Abstract: A method and system for determining a velocity of a moving object such as a body or a stream. The object is irradiated in a non-collinear configuration with multiple ultrasound waves overlapping in a region-of-interest (ROI) of the object. An response wave, resulting from the non-linear interaction among the incident waves and the object, is detected and the frequency variations of the response wave are determined. Data representing a Doppler-shift of this frequency is further determined and processed to calculate the velocity of the moving object.

Abstract: There are provided embodiments for providing a color Doppler image based on qualification curve information. In one embodiment, an ultrasound system comprises: an ultrasound data acquisition unit configured to acquire ultrasound data corresponding to a living body including a moving target object; a storage unit for storing qualification curve information for determining blood flow signals of the target object, clutter signals and noise based on velocity and power components of Doppler signals; and a processing unit configured to form first Doppler signals based on the ultrasound data, perform a clutter filtering process upon the first Doppler signals to form second Doppler signals, calculate velocity and power components of the second Doppler signals, form a color Doppler image based on the calculated velocity and power components, and perform a blending process upon the color Doppler image based on the calculated velocity and power components and the qualification curve information.

Abstract: A method for generating a composite image using an intravascular imaging device includes receiving reflected echo signals from at least one transducer along a first of a plurality of radial scan lines. The received echo signals are passed through a plurality of signal processing channels to form a plurality of filtered signals. The filtered signals include a high-resolution tissue structure signal and at least one first pre-blood-flow-mask signal. High-resolution tissue structure signals are processed to form a high-resolution tissue structural image. First pre-blood-flow-mask signals are cross-correlated with second pre-blood-flow-mask signals from an adjacent radial scan line to form blood-flow-mask signals. Blood-flow-mask signals are processed to form a blood-flow mask.

Abstract: Techniques exist for measuring local blood velocity of flow rate waveforms in, for example, mammalian vascular segments. A method and system for deriving information on disease in vascular segments, for example mean pressure, drop in mean pressure and/or hydraulic resistance, from such measured waveforms is described. The waveforms can, for example, be measured non-invasively using Doppler ultrasound or magnetic resonance techniques. Form factors (Vff, Pff) for the velocity waveform and the centreal arterial pressure are determined. Stenosis may be detected by detecting changes e.g in Vff/Pff.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments include a system and a method for determining intracranial pressure (ICP) of a subject that comprises: (a) applying transcranial Doppler (TCD) to determine the middle cerebral artery (MCA) velocity of the subject and estimating changes in the ICP continuously based on a functional mapping that relates arterial blood pressure (ABP) and cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) to ICP, resulting in an estimated ICP trend; (b) generating a flash visual evoked potential (FVEP) on the subject, processing a detected FVEP signal and obtaining an estimated ICP; and (c) combining the estimated ICP trend from TCD CBFV and ABP with the estimated ICP obtained by signal processing of the detected FVEP signal to periodically correct the trend and obtain a non-invasive measure of ICP.