Abstract: A wearable body fat combustion measurement device includes a housing including a first chamber with an opening, a fixing means attached to the housing and configured to bring the housing into close contact with a user's skin in a state in which the opening of the first chamber faces the user's skin, a measurement sensor disposed inside the first chamber and configured to generate an electrical signal according to an amount of acetone contained in a gas evaporated from sweat discharged from the user's skin and introduced into the first chamber through the opening, a reference sensor disposed outside the first chamber and configured to generate an electrical signal according to a concentration of a gas component contained in an ambient air and detectable by the measurement sensor, and a signal processor configured to process the electrical signals received from the measurement sensor and the reference sensor.

Abstract: A portable system is disclosed for collecting a sample from exhaled breath of a subject. Drug substance in the exhaled breath are detected or determined. The sample is collected for further analysis using mass-spectroscopy. The system comprises a sampling unit and a housing arranged to hold the sampling unit, the sampling unit is adapted to collect non-volatile and volatile compounds of the at least one drug substance from the exhaled breath from the subject. The housing has at least one inlet for the subject to exhale into the housing to the sampling unit and at least one outlet for the exhaled breath to exit through.

Abstract: An electronic device for providing exercise information and a method therefor are provided. The electronic device includes a first sensor module, a second sensor module, at least one output device, and at least one processor. The at least one processor is configured to detect an event relating to start of an exercise state, obtain motion information corresponding to the exercise state using the first sensor module, obtain metabolite information of a user using the second sensor module, and provide information regarding the exercise state to the user through the at least one output device, based on whether the metabolite information satisfies a specified condition.

Abstract: Systems, apparatus, and methods related to modeling, monitoring, and/or managing metabolism of a subject include measuring a respiratory quotient (RQ) level in a subject and/or optimizing and executing a nonlinear feedback model to model energy substrate utilization in the subject based on at least one of a macronutrient composition and caloric value of food consumed by the subject, an intensity and duration of activity by the subject, a rate and maximum capacity of glycogen storage in the subject, a rate and maximum capacity of de novo lipogenesis in the subject, a quality and duration of sleep by the subject, and/or an RQ level in the subject.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and system for delivering CO2 into an inspiratory gas stream to formulate a blended respiratory gas in a manner that continuously maintains a target CO2 concentration in a volume of the inspired respiratory gas, for example, over the course of a breath or a volumetrically definable part thereof or a series of partial or full breaths.

Abstract: A method and a device for determining the emission of greenhouse gas, in particular methane, by ruminants, in particular dairy animals includes counting eructations (“belches”) of the animal. This is done by measuring a signal linked to the eructations, for example sound with a microphone. Given that the methane content of an eructation of this type is more or less constant, the total methane emission can be derived therefrom by counting.

Abstract: A system is configured to perform capnometry/capnography, and/or other compositional analysis on a non-invasively ventilated subject. As such, the system determines amounts of a molecular species of gas (e.g., carbon dioxide, oxygen, etc.) excreted by the subject on a per-breath basis. Determinations of amounts of the molecular species of gas excreted are adjusted to reflect amounts of the molecular species of gas leaked from the non-invasive interface used to communicate with the airway of the subject.

Abstract: A flow meter (1) comprising a sampling tube (3) through which fluid may flow and a sensor arrangement (9, 25, 27, 39, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47), wherein the sampling tube (3) comprises a first hollow section (51, 53) having a first internal cross-sectional area (A1) and a second hollow section (55, 57) having a second internal cross-sectional area (A2) being less than the first internal cross-sectional area (A1); and the sensor arrangement (9, 25, 27, 39, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47), is for measuring the difference between stagnation and static pressures (P01, P02, P1, P2) within the second hollow section (55, 57).

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved breath analyzer and breath test method to determine the presence of a gastrointestinal disorder in a subject's digestive tract.

Abstract: A method of determining when a subject is experiencing anaerobic exercise during an exercise session, for determining effectiveness of a training period, and/or for determining a level of lactic acid produced by a subject during an exercise session may involve the administration of a bicarbonate comprising a carbon-13 isotope. Expired air may be monitored, and a ratio of carbon dioxide comprised of the carbon-13 isotope and carbon dioxide comprised of a carbon-12 isotope may be determined at one or more points in time. Charts of the ratios may be used to indicate onset of anaerobic exercise or effectiveness of a training period, and/or the determined ratio(s) may be used to indicate lactic acid production.

Abstract: The Portable Unit for Metabolic Analysis measures human metabolic function. The compact invention attaches to the face of a subject and it is able to record highly time-resolved measurements of air temperature and pressure, flow rates during inhalation and exhalation, and oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressure. The device is capable of ‘breath-by-breath’ analysis and ‘within-breath’ analysis at high temporal resolution.

Abstract: A monitoring apparatus includes a condition determining section which is configured to determine a condition of one of a heart, lungs, and blood vessels based on: a concentration of carbon dioxide in an expired gas which is measured by using a first sensor; and an oxygen transport parameter or a metabolic parameter which is measured by using a second sensor.

Abstract: A low back pressure mouthpiece for accurate detection of exhaled nitric oxide (NO) includes a conduit for receiving the exhaled breath from the subject. An oxidizing filter for sample conditioning, wherein the conduit and oxidizing filter operate to produce a back pressure of less than 4 cm H2O; and a device for measuring the level of one or more components of the received exhaled breath.

Abstract: A device for capturing a breath sample has a mouthpiece with a chamber that receives a breath sample through a breath inlet aperture. The device further includes a pump assembly with a pump that draws a portion of the breath sample from the chamber and discharges the portion of the breath sample to the sensor.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for controlling infusion of liquid into a patient using a peristaltic pump. The liquid infusion apparatus includes a liquid conduit having a proximal segment, a distal segment and an intermediate segment. The liquid infusion apparatus also includes a flow valve in fluid communication with the intermediate and distal segments. The flow valve includes a shuttle member slidably disposed within a housing about the distal segment, the shuttle member being configured for lateral movement relative to an elongated axis of the distal segment. The shuttle member is configured to operate in a first configuration to impede fluid flow through the liquid conduit and in a second configuration for which fluid flow through the liquid conduit is unimpeded. The shuttle member includes a resilient grasper for selectively engaging and disengaging a mating actuator resiliently received by the grasper.

Abstract: A respiratory waveform analyzer, operable to analyze a respiratory waveform, which is generated based on a temporal change of a concentration of a component in respiratory gas of a subject, includes: a respiratory gas concentration generator which generates a concentration signal based on an output signal from a sensor that is placed to measure the concentration of the component; a flatness calculator which calculates a flatness indicative of flat degree of the respiratory waveform based on a temporal change of the concentration signal; and a reliability calculator which calculates a reliability of the respiratory waveform based on the flatness and the concentration signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and systems for diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Specifically, the present invention relates to the use of breath tests based on isotope-labeled octanoate in the detection and monitoring of HCC.

Abstract: A method for determining the metabolic capacity of an enzyme includes time-resolved determination of the concentration of a product in exhaled air. The product is created by metabolism of a substrate, previously administered to an individual, by an enzyme of the individual. The product concentration is determined until the maximum product concentration in the exhaled air is reached. A model function is fitted to measured values of the product concentration, obtained by the time-resolved determination of the product concentration between start and end times. The metabolic capacity of the enzyme is determined based on parameters of the model function. Determining the metabolic capacity of the enzyme takes place based on at least two parameters of the model function, wherein the maximum value and time constant of the model function are not selected as parameters at the same time, and the start and/or end times are not selected as parameters.

Abstract: A measurement device and a method for analyzing a sample gas by infrared absorption spectroscopy are described. The measurement device comprises a narrowband laser having a line width of less than 0.2 cm?1 and being smaller than a width of an infrared absorption line to be measured of a sample gas. The measurement device is suited and can be arranged to measure the respiratory gas of a human or animal as sample gas, wherein the respiratory gas exchanges in the measurement chamber only by the respiration of the human or animal, and the respiratory resistance of the measurement device is less than 60 mbar.

Abstract: The invention provides a physiological probe that comfortably attaches to the base of the patient's thumb, thereby freeing up their fingers for conventional activities in a hospital, such as reading and eating. The probe, which comprises a separate cradle module and sensor module, secures to the thumb and measures time-dependent signals corresponding to LEDs operating near 660 and 905 nm. The cradle module, which contains elements subject to wear, is preferably provided as a disposable unit.

Abstract: A nasal mask assembly including a nasal mask with a dome shaped body. The dome shaped body has an inner rim and an outer surface. The inner rim has a rounded triangular shape and a tube connector extends from the outer surface. The inner rim is configured such that a bottom portion thereof sits on or above the patient's upper lip while an upper portion thereof extends across the bridge of the patient's nose.

Abstract: An oral cannula for delivering oxygen and sampling end-tidal carbon dioxide includes an oxygen supply lumen having plural outlets and an end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) lumen having an inlet. The ETCO2 lumen and oxygen supply lumen form a unitary oral cannula such that the oxygen supply lumen outlet is spaced apart from the ETCO2 lumen inlet. The oral cannula is adapted for bending or has a bend such that the oral cannula is insertable and retainable in a patient's mouth.

Abstract: A computerized method for determining maximal oxygen uptake for a user with incomplete data with data collected from a plurality of other users with complete data. The maximal oxygen uptake can be determined by computing similarity metrics between an incomplete data set of self-reported and measured data and complete user data sets, and using a weighted sum of the similarity metrics. The results of the maximal oxygen update calculation can be cross-validated with known user data sets.

Abstract: A breath parameter measuring device is described which takes into account breathing patterns which historically have been incompatible with accurate measurements. In particular, during fast breathing patterns, the sensor performing the measurement may not be able to respond quickly enough to provide the true reading. The disclosure may be useful for example in the case of neonatal breath carbon dioxide measurements.

Abstract: Devices and methods for sleep detection involve the use of an adjustable threshold for detecting sleep onset and termination. A method for detecting sleep includes adjusting a sleep threshold associated with a first sleep-related signal using a second sleep-related signal. The first sleep-related signal is compared to the adjusted threshold and sleep is detected based on the comparison. The sleep-related signals may be derived from implantable or external sensors. Additional sleep-related signals may be used to confirm the sleep condition. A sleep detector device implementing a sleep detection method may be a component of an implantable pulse generator such as a pacemaker or defibrillator.

Abstract: A medical monitoring system for identifying an end-exhalation carbon dioxide value of enhanced clinical utility is described herein. The medical monitoring system can include a capnometer for generating an output corresponding to a time-series of exhaled carbon dioxide values from a patient during an exhalation and a processor programmed to analyze the exhalation. In some examples, the processor can also be programmed to identify a peak carbon dioxide value at an end of the exhalation, determine if the peak carbon dioxide value may have been higher if the exhalation had been prolonged, and provide an output responsive to said determination.

Abstract: Systems and methods for quantifying the likelihood of the contribution of multiple possible forms of chronic disease to patient reported dyspnea can include the testing protocol having a flow/volume loop, performed at rest, flowed by the measurement of cardiopulmonary exercise gas exchange variables during rest, exercise and recovery as unique data sets. The data sets are analyzed using feature extraction steps to produce a pictorial image consisting of disease silos displaying the likelihood of the contribution of various chronic diseases to patient reported dyspnea. In some embodiments, the silos are split into subclass silos. In some embodiments, multiple chronic disease indexes are used to differentiate between sub-types of a particular chronic disease (e.g., differentiating WHO 1 PH from WHO 2 or WHO 3 PH). Test results are plotted serially to asses to provide feedback to the physician on the efficacy of therapy provided to the patient.

Abstract: A capnography module for a patient monitoring system includes a hardware switching mechanism and a software mechanism for switching the capnography module automatically between a mainstream monitoring mode and a sidestream monitoring mode. The hardware switching mechanism along with software detection is capable of detecting the connection of a mainstream capnography sensor and a sidestream sampling line and generates flags to notify the software switching mechanism which sensor or line is connected. The software switching mechanism notifies a controller board in the module which monitoring system is available and the controller board operates the module in the respective mode. The capnography module also includes a connector latching mechanism for securing the mainstream capnography sensor to the module and preventing accidental disconnection.

Abstract: A respiratory muscle endurance training device (RMET) includes a chamber and a patient interface. In one implementation, one or both of a CO2 sensor or a temperature sensor can be coupled to the chamber or patient interface to provide the user or caregiver with indicia about the CO2 level in, or the temperature of, the chamber or patient interface, and/or the duration of use of the device. In another implementation, the RMET may have a fixed volume portion adjustable to contain a measured portion of a specific patient's inspiratory volume capacity. Methods of using the device are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to an analysis method for determining a functional parameter of an organ of a human or animal individual by measuring the 13CO2 content in the air exhaled by the individual to which a substrate has been administered the reaction of which in the body of the individual enriches the air exhaled by the individual with 13CO2. The method is characterized by using a measuring device, the maximum reaction rate of the substrate in the body of the individual being determined via a change of the measured 13CO2 content in the air exhaled by the individual using zero-order enzyme kinetics. The invention also relates to an aqueous methacetin solution for use in said analysis method, the pH of the solution being greater 7.0. The invention also relates to a face mask (1) for use in the inventive method for separating the exhaled air from the air inhaled by an individual. Said face mask comprises a face mask body (2) and an air cushion (3) encircling the face mask body.

Abstract: An anti-fouling sleeve for an endotracheal tube, a method of placement, and the tools for placement. The anti-fouling sleeve occupies the entire length of endotracheal tube, and can be installed permanently or made removable and disposable. The sleeve may be instrumented with sensors and/or a UV light source to reduce and potentially eliminate biofilm formation. Once placed inside the endotracheal tube the sleeve expands to conform to the inner diameter of the tube. After use, any accumulated biofilm on the inner portion of the sleeve is removed leaving the inner portion of the endotracheal tube essentially sterile.

Abstract: An exercise and communications system includes an interactive device, a remote device, and an external device, wherein the interactive device is configured to gather data relating to a user of the system and transmit the same to the remote device, and the remote device is configured to provide analyze the data and transmit a response to the interactive device, which in turn communicates the response to the user and additionally communication with an external device for retrieval of instructions, programs, and data, inter alia. An exercise and communications system facilitates communication between a plurality of users, each having an interactive device and a remote device.

Abstract: An apparatus assesses a condition of a patient. The apparatus may contain a patient interface for communicating a treatment generated by a respiratory treatment apparatus to the respiratory system of a patient. The apparatus may also include a sensing module containing one or more electrochemical sensors to sense chemicals in exhaled breath in real time, or over an extended period of time. The apparatus may also include one or more collectors to accumulate a breath condensate over an extended period of time. The sample collectors may contain an absorbent material, and may also be adapted for replacement within a sensing module. The absorbent material may also include a preservative for preserving a chemical component of the breath, such as an analyte of the exhaled breath. The technology may provide treatment recommendations based on the detected condition of the breath condensate or the chemical components thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus (1) for estimating the energy expenditure of a patient (2) comprises means (3) for receiving a set of measurements (6) from a ventilator (4), wherein the set of measurements (6) comprises at least one gas concentration measurement. The apparatus (1) further comprises means (7) for estimating the energy expenditure of the patient (2) based on the set of measurements (6).

Abstract: An oropharyngeal device positionable within an airway of a patient may include a hollow body having a proximal end positionable adjacent the patient's mouth and an opposite distal end positionable adjacent and spaced from the patient's epiglottis. The body includes a center channel extending from the proximal end to the distal end of the body. The oropharyngeal device may include a supply passage for delivering oxygen to the patient. The supply passage may include at least one of a discharge port fluidly connecting the supply passage to an exterior region of the oropharyngeal device and a discharge port fluidly connecting the supply passage to the center channel. The discharge ports may be positioned along a wall of the body between the distal and proximal ends. The oropharyngeal device may include a sensing passage for sampling a patient's respiratory composition positioned adjacent the distal end of the body.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include a system having at least one sensor configured to monitor a muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) level of a patient who is undergoing cardiac arrest and to generate a signal representing SmO2 level; a user interface device; a processor communicably coupled to the user interface device, the processor configured to cause the user interface device to present an array of two or more possible nodes of a clinical decision support tree, wherein at least one of the nodes indicates cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) treatment of the patient with no ventilation, and wherein at least another of the nodes indicates CPR treatment of the patient with active ventilation; determine which of the two or more possible nodes should be emphasized based on the SmO2 level; and update the array of the two or more possible nodes based on the determination.

Abstract: In a method for measuring a metabolic rate of a user, an electronic device is configured to: output a first instruction to instruct the user to pronounce a first specified sound at rest; record a first vocal signal associated with the first specified sound pronounced by the user; output a second instruction to instruct the user to pronounce a second specified sound at exercise; record a second vocal signal associated with the second specified sound pronounced by the user; and evaluate the metabolic rate of the user according to the first vocal signal, the second vocal signal, and a maximum oxygen uptake of the user that is pre-obtained by the electronic device.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed herein for quantitatively identifying a patient's physiological state based on one or more capnograms. One or more capnograms are acquired, each capnogram being associated with a patient and including one or more respiratory cycles, and one or more features from the one or more respiratory cycles are extracted. One or more classifiers are provided based on the one or more extracted features, and each classifier is used to select a physiological state from one or more candidate physiological states for each of the one or more respiratory cycles. For each of the selected physiological states, a likelihood value is determined, and a physiological state of the patient is determined based on the likelihood values.

Abstract: We report a method of a method for detecting an epileptic seizure, comprising providing a first body signal reference value; determining a current body signal value from a time series of body signals; comparing the current body signal value and the first reference value; determining a work level of the patient; determining whether the current body signal value comprises an ictal component, based on the work level and the comparing; issuing a detection of an epileptic seizure in response to the determination that the current body signal value comprises the ictal component; and taking at least one further action (e.g. warning, delivering a therapy, etc.), based on the detection. We also report a medical device system configured to implement the method. We also report a non-transitory computer readable program storage unit encoded with instructions that, when executed by a computer, perform the method.

Abstract: A medical mouthpiece may include a U-shaped first member having a tubular portion, the first member forming at least one lateral interocclusal passageway extending through the first member, and a second member received within the tubular portion. A medical breathing apparatus may include a U-shaped first member forming left and right lateral interocclusal passageways extending through the first member, a second member attached to the first member, and an adapter receivable within a tubular portion of the first member, wherein the adapter includes a respiratory orifice configured to deliver respiratory gas to the left and right lateral interocclusal passageways. A method for delivering positive pressure and/or a respiratory gas to a patient may include inserting a mouthpiece into a mouth of the patient, and delivering the positive pressure and/or the respiratory gas through the mouthpiece to a space adjacent a posterior oropharynx of the patient.

Abstract: A medical mouthpiece may include a generally U-shaped member forming a lateral interocclusal passageway extending from an anterior aperture to a posterior aperture configured to provide a conduit for respiratory gas exchange. A medical mouthpiece may include a sampling port for fluid communication with an analyzing apparatus configured to analyze exhaled respiratory gases. A medical mouthpiece may include a supplemental gas conduit for fluid communication between a source of supplemental gas and a supply orifice. A method for delivering a gas to a patient may include delivering a gas to the patient through a mouthpiece having a lateral interocclusal passageway such that the gas is delivered through a posterior aperture to a space adjacent the patient's posterior oropharynx.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring and/or assessing metabolic and/or cardiopulmonary parameters of a subject are disclosed. Systems and methods for high speed monitoring of metabolic parameters of a subject in a substantially unrestricted setting are disclosed. Further disclosed are wearable systems and methods for substantially unobtrusive monitoring of a breath stream from a subject. Also disclosed are wearable systems and methods for real-time monitoring of the respiratory function and/or one or more disease states of a subject. Data systems to coordinate simultaneous monitoring of one or more metabolic and/or cardiopulmonary parameters of a plurality of subjects are also disclosed.

Abstract: A nasal cannula which comprises a face piece comprising first and second nares which each communicate with a respective nostril of a patient. A septum divides the face piece into first and second flow paths such that the first flow path communicates with the first nare and the second flow path communicates with the second nare. A leading end of the first nare is configured to form a fluid barrier within a first nostril and facilitate only supplying an insufflation gas, via the first flow path, to the patient and prevent exhausting any of exhaust gas, of the patient, through the first nostril of the patient. A leading end of the second nare is configured to facilitate collecting some of the exhaust gas, from the patient, via the second flow path as well as exhausting a remainder of the exhaust gas out through a second nostril of the patient.

Abstract: A sensor adaptor (20) couples a face mask (22) to a gas sampling tube (24) connected to a device detecting end-tidal carbon dioxide. The sensor adaptor (20) includes a shaft (30) and connector (54). The shaft (30) includes a channel (40) providing a pathway for the carbon dioxide to travel toward the gas sampling tube (24). One end of the shaft (30) includes an adaptor tip (26) which extends through an exit port (28) of the face mask (22). A connector (54) is attached to the other end of the shaft (30) and couples the sensor adaptor (20) to the gas sampling line. A gripper (42) may surround the shaft (30) and prevent improper advancement of the shaft (30) into the face mask (22). The sensor adaptor (20) can be designed for use with any gas sampling tube and any face mask including exit ports.

Abstract: An activity meter includes an activity amount acquisition unit that acquires an amount of physical activity of a user, an activity age acquisition unit that acquires an activity age representing a standard age of a person who does a same amount of activity as the activity amount acquired in a unit period, using body information and a basal metabolic rate of the user, and an output processing unit that outputs information relating to the acquired activity age.

Abstract: A portable device for measuring a consumed calories includes: a respiration measurement device measuring an amount of air inhaled into a user's nose to acquire and output a respiration signal; a plurality of movement detection devices acquiring and outputting acceleration signals reflecting (or indicating) the magnitude and direction of a movement of each part of the user's body; and a controller recognizing the amount of a user's movements and movement patterns by analyzing the acceleration signal, recognizing an intensity of an exercise by analyzing the respiration signal, and calculating a consumed calories in consideration of the amount of the user's movements, the movement patterns, and the intensity of exercise. A user's consumed calories can be precisely calculated by recognizing the user's movement and even the user's respiration rate.

Abstract: A patient interface in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention is configured to be at least partially carried by a patient and to receive gas exhaled by the patient. The patient interface includes first and second cannula tubes each having a first end and a second end, the first ends are configured to be inserted into the nostrils of a patient, the first and second cannula tubes are configured to direct exhaled gas from the patient from the first ends to said second ends. The patient interface also includes first and second sensors positioned near the second ends, and the first and second sensors are configured to provide first and second signals based upon the gas, wherein the first and second signals are indicative of a physiological parameter of the patient. The patient interface also includes a communications link configured to provide the signal to a physiological monitor.

Abstract: An exhalation collected in a breath bag capable of expanding and contracting is sucked into a gas inlet vessel 21 with a given volume (Va), and then the gas inlet vessel 21 is communicated by means of valve V2 with a cell 11 that is maintained at an atmospheric pressure by being pre-filled with a sample gas or reference gas. After the communication, the gas pressure is measured by a pressure sensor 16 attached to the cell 11. Whether the exhalation collected in the breath bag is below a given amount or not can be accurately judged.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described to obtain and analyze a gas sample from a desired section of the breath of a person, while accounting for erratic, episodic or otherwise challenging breathing patterns that may otherwise make the capturing of a gas sample from the desired section of breath difficult. These techniques may provide more reliable, accurate and adequate samples of gas such as end-tidal gas, and ultimately an accurate analysis of the sample captured.

Abstract: Devices and systems for monitoring weaning of a subject from a respiratory ventilator including a processing logic configured to characterize distinct patterns in a series of CO2 waveforms, the distinct patterns indicative of the effectiveness of a weaning process; and to provide an indication relating to the effectiveness of the weaning process.