Abstract: A method for counting coughs is provided. The method includes acquiring a plurality of onset signals from the sound signal, wherein the onset signal has a predetermined time length; acquiring a plurality of spectrograms corresponding to each of the plurality of onset signals; determining whether each of the acquired plurality of spectrograms represents a cough using a cough determination model; and calculating a number of coughs included in the sound signal based on a time point of a cough signal. The cough signal is an onset signal corresponding to one spectrogram determined to represent the cough. When a time interval between a first time point of a first cough signal and a second time point of a second cough is within a reference time interval, the first cough signal and the second cough signal are regarded as one cough signal at the first time point.

Abstract: A method of determining and treating disordered tissue in a patient incites energy signal generation from disordered tissue. An energy sensor structure obtains an energy signal from tissue of a patient. The obtained energy signal is compared in a processor circuit to a known energy signal of the same tissue under normal functioning of the tissue. The tissue is identified as disordered tissue when the comparing step determines that the obtained energy signal is different from the known energy signal. The disordered tissue is localized within the patient via the energy signal. A bodily disorder caused by the localized disordered tissue is diagnosed by an AI module. The bodily disorder is then treated.

Abstract: A non-contact respiratory monitoring system comprises a magnetic microwire sensor coil that detects magnetic field changes due to motion of a magnet attached to a patient's chest. Field lines emanating from the magnet are parallel to a circumferential loop area of the coil and the coil is positioned at a distance to magnetically couple to the magnet. Impedance in the coil changes when the distance of the magnet to the coil changes due to the patient's breathing. An alternating voltage across coil is modified by the change in impedance. An impedance analyzer coupled to the coil applies the alternating voltage and measures the impedance changes. A computer system controls operation of impedance analyzer, receives respiratory monitoring information based on the coil's impedance changes from the impedance analyzer, and generates a graphical display of the respiratory monitoring information.

Abstract: A method, system and apparatus for assessing the coupling between lung perfusion and ventilation in a patient who is mechanically ventilated or who is breathing spontaneously through a conventional artificial airway is provided. Embodiments of the apparatus comprise an adaptor configured to fit between the artificial airway and mechanical ventilator, a measuring chamber in constant fluid communication with the adaptor via one or more measuring chamber sampling ports, and a monitoring unit where data obtained from temperature and relative humidity sensors located in the measuring is calibrated, sampled, logged and analyzed together with anthropometric patient data to display a coupling index Qi and to enable ongoing diagnostic cardio-pulmonary monitoring of a patient by comparing changes in the patient's index during a monitoring interval.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting a biomarker includes a particulate capturing structure for receiving and capturing exhaled breath aerosol (EBA) particulate from airway linings of a user, the particulate capturing structure having an aerosol particulate testing system for receiving the captured particulate and detecting a first biomarker, wherein the aerosol particulate testing system includes a dissolvable EBA sample collector film for capturing EBA particulate. The apparatus may include a droplet harvesting structure for converting breath vapor to a fluid droplet for forming a fluid sample and a testing system having a biomarker testing zone for receiving the fluid sample and detecting a biomarker.

Abstract: A method of determining a CRF level for a user of a fitness tracking system includes receiving activity data from at least one activity sensor carried by the user during a number of workouts, the activity data including distance data for each of the number of workouts, and then generating workout data based on the activity data. The method further includes storing the workout data in a memory, the memory further including demographic data for the user. When the an attribute of the workout data is less than a threshold number, the method includes determining a first CRF level for the user based on a first CRF model. When the attribute of the workout data is greater than the threshold number, the method includes determining a second CRF level for the user based on a second CRF model.

Abstract: A method, a system and a program product for evaluating an intestinal function using bowel sounds are disclosed. The method comprises the following steps: A. continuously monitoring an abdominal cavity of an examinee within a specific time by using an audio collection apparatus, collecting a bowel sound signal of an intestinal tract inside the abdominal cavity, and converting the bowel sound signal into a digital signal; B. using higher-order statistics (HOS), by a processing unit, to remove noise from the digital signal; C. using a fractal dimension algorithm, by the processing unit, to capture a high-complexity feature from the digital signal, and defining the high-complexity feature as an intestinal motility signal, and D. evaluating the intestinal function of the examinee, by the processing unit, according to the intestinal motility signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to determining a corrected exhaled gas measurement during high flow respiratory therapy. Measuring exhaled gas concentration during high flow respiratory therapy is difficult and inaccurate due to a phenomenon known as flushing. The high flows delivered to the patient flush the dead space in the conducting airways, which causes a dilution effect that results in underestimated or overestimated exhaled gas measurement depending on the gas composition delivered by the high flow system. This can lead to incorrect clinical measurements and diagnoses. Various algorithms are disclosed herein to account for the dilution effect caused by flushing, allowing for the method of measuring gas concentrations to still be used accurately for clinical measurements.

Abstract: The invention relates to systems and methods to assist physicians in decision making for stroke patients. In particular the systems and methods can be used to assist physicians to decide on whether a patient with an acute ischemic stroke has a large vessel occlusion (LVO) and should be transferred from a community hospital to a larger hospital to undergo an endovascular thrombectomy procedure.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting a biomarker comprises a droplet harvesting structure for converting breath vapor to a fluid droplet for forming a fluid sample and a testing system having a biomarker testing zone for receiving the fluid sample and detecting a biomarker. The droplet harvesting structure may include at least one of a hydrophobic field for receiving the breath vapor and forming the fluid droplet from the received breath vapor and hydrophilic channels for receiving the fluid droplet and channeling the fluid droplet towards the testing system. A fluid dam member may be provided disposed between the droplet harvesting structure and the biomarker testing zone.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Such TENGs comprise at least one tribolectric (TE) layer comprising two surfaces relative movement between which generates a TE charge, and a circuit. The circuit comprises a switch, a sensor, and a load. The switch has an open condition in which the TE charge accumulates (the accumulated TE charge), and a closed condition in which the accumulated TE charge discharges between the two surfaces across the load, the sensor determining a time constant (?) of discharge of the accumulated TE charge across the load.

Abstract: There is provided a computer-implemented device comprising a processor, a machine readable medium storing instructions, the instructions when executed by the processor for configuring the device for: receiving an airflow and volume signal from at least one airflow and volume sensor for a plurality of patients; digitizing the signal to a digital signal and segmenting the signal using a sliding window to extract a plurality of features from the digital signal comprising: peak-to-peak amplitude, root mean square, integral of the absolute values, zero-crossing rate, standard deviation of a first derivative, mean value; normalizing the plurality of extracted features; and, using the normalized plurality of extracted features and an input indicating sleep apnea severity to train a machine learning algorithm and generate a mathematical model for subsequent use in classifying airflow and volume sensed signals received for a particular patient during wakefulness as normal or sleep apnea.

Abstract: A monolithic, three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuit (IC) device includes a sensing layer, a memory layer, and a processing layer. The sensing layer includes a plurality of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFETs) that are functionalized with at least 50 functional materials to generate data in response to exposure to a gas. The memory layer stores the data generated by the plurality of CNFETs, and the processing layer identifies one or more components of the gas based on the data generated by the plurality of CNFETs.

Abstract: Methods for diagnosing, treating, and monitoring the treatment of fusariosis or scedosporiosis are described. The methods can include detecting the presence of one or more volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the breath of subjects suspected of having fusariosis or scedosporiosis.

Abstract: Systems and methods to provide remote patient monitoring for viral-respiratory symptoms, including coronavirus or COVID-19 symptoms are disclosed, including a signal receiver circuit configured to receive first and second physiologic information of a patient, the first physiologic information comprising respiration rate information of a patient and the second physiologic information different than the first physiologic information, and an assessment circuit configured to determine an indication of patient viral-respiratory disease using the received first and second physiologic information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of medical monitoring, and in particular non-contact monitoring and communication with other medical monitoring devices. Systems and methods are described for receiving a video signal of a medical monitoring device that is outputting a light signal, identifying the light signal emitted by the medical monitoring device from the video signal, decoding information from the light signal, and determining a communication from the decoded information related to a patient being monitored or the medical monitoring device itself.

Abstract: Sleep conditions such as moderate-to-severe sleep apnea can be assessed using a multi-night assessments. A respiration signal (e.g., acquired from a sensor strip) can be processed via a computing device. The respiration signal can be segmented and the segments can be classified to identify one or more apnea/hypopnea events. In some examples, some of the segments can be normalized such that each segment input for classification can be of the same size. The identified one or more apnea/hypopnea events can be used to estimate a nightly parameter indicative of a severity of (or presence of) sleep apnea. The nightly parameters from a multi-night period can be used to estimate a multi-night parameter indicative of the severity of (or presence of) sleep apnea. In some examples, quality checks can be performed to filter out some data (e.g., to exclude data from entire nights or exclude a portion of data from individual nights).

Abstract: A multi-channel signal encoding method includes obtaining a multi-channel signal of a current frame; determining an initial multi-channel parameter of the current frame; determining a difference parameter based on the initial multi-channel parameter of the current frame and multi-channel parameters of previous K frames of the current frame, where the difference parameter represents a difference between the initial multi-channel parameter of the current frame and the multi-channel parameters of the previous K frames, and K is an integer greater than or equal to one; determining a multi-channel parameter of the current frame based on the difference parameter and a characteristic parameter of the current frame; and encoding the multi-channel signal based on the multi-channel parameter of the current frame.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods and systems that analyze one or more analytes in a fluid, such as breath, emitted from a user. The methods and systems can detect one or more analytes in the breath of a user to provide alerts in response to discrepancies in medications taken by a user, verify one or more medications taken by a user, manage a medication regime of a user, and various other functions disclosed herein.

Abstract: A method is proposed for determining a pulse rate through a sound-sensing means placed on an individual's trachea, the method comprising a preliminary step for recording sound signals for a lengthy duration, wherein it comprises subsequently the following steps: filtering digital signals representative of the sound signals by using an adaptive filter, applying a lowpass filter to the signals obtained in order to select the signals comprised in a specified passband, selecting a first temporal portion of filtered digital signals of a specified duration, intercorrelation with a temporal portion of filtered digital signals that follows the first temporal portion in time and is of a same duration, searching (4.6) for the intercorrelation, computing the time interval corresponding to this temporal position and computing the corresponding pulse rate throughout the recording duration, to obtain a temporal series of pulse rates S1.

Abstract: The disclosed technology provides solutions for protecting the health of ride-sharing passengers by detecting passenger illnesses, and taking precautions to safely address potentially exposed vehicles. A process of the disclosed technology can include steps for: collecting sensor-data corresponding with one or more AV passengers, determining a likelihood that at least one of the AV passengers is suffering from a physical illness, and transmitting a wellness notification to a fleet management system if the likelihood exceeds a predetermined threshold. Systems and machine-readable media are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system, methods and computer-readable medium products that provide safety constraints for an insulin-delivery management program. Various examples provide safety constraints for a control algorithm-based drug delivery system that provides automatic delivery of a drug based on sensor input. Glucose measurement values may be received at regular time intervals from a sensor. A processor may predict future glucose values based on prior glucose measurement values. The safety constraints assist in safe operation of the drug delivery system during various operational scenarios. In some examples, predicted future glucose values may be used to implement safety constraints that mitigate under-delivery or over-delivery of the drug while not overly burdening the user of the drug delivery system and without sacrificing performance of the drug delivery system. Other safety constraints are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for counting coughs is provided. The method includes acquiring a plurality of onset signals from the sound signal, wherein the onset signal has a predetermined time length; acquiring a plurality of spectrograms corresponding to each of the plurality of onset signals; determining whether each of the acquired plurality of spectrograms represents a cough using a cough determination model; and calculating a number of coughs included in the sound signal based on a time point of a cough signal. The cough signal is an onset signal corresponding to one spectrogram determined to represent the cough. When a time interval between a first time point of a first cough signal and a second time point of a second cough is within a reference time interval, the first cough signal and the second cough signal are regarded as one cough signal at the first time point.

Abstract: A system, computer-readable storage medium, and a method capable of, directly or indirectly, estimating sleep states of a user based on sensor data from movement sensors and/or optical sensors.

Abstract: In some examples, a method for controlling delivery of cardiac therapy and cardiac sensing by a medical device system including electrodes for delivering the cardiac therapy may include storing, in a memory of the medical device system, a respective value for each of a plurality of cardiac therapy and/or sensing parameters and, in association with each of a plurality of heart position states, a respective modification of at least one of the cardiac therapy and/or sensing parameters. Such a method also may include determining a current one of the plurality of heart position states of the patient, modifying the at least one cardiac therapy and/or sensing parameter value according to the modification associated with the current heart position state, and controlling the delivery of the cardiac therapy and/or cardiac sensing according to the modified at least one cardiac therapy and/or sensing parameter value.

Abstract: A physiological parameter processing apparatus includes an input interface section that acquires respiration data produced based on a respiratory gas that is obtained from at least one of a mouth and nose of a subject, and an analyzing section that analyzes in real time the respiration data acquired through the input interface section, and that produces analysis result data which can be displayed in real time.

Abstract: Method and system for monitoring an internal electrical impedance of a biological object including Internal Thoracic Impedance (ITI) comprising placing two arrays of electrodes on opposite sides of the biological object, wherein each of said two arrays comprise three equally spaced electrodes; imposing an alternating electrical current between pairs of the electrodes and obtaining voltage signals representative of a voltage drop thereon, calculating two values of internal electrical impedance of the biological object corresponding to the uttermost electrodes of said two arrays of electrodes placed on the opposite sides of the biological object.

Abstract: Methods and systems for targeting, accessing and diagnosing diseased lung compartments are disclosed. The method comprises introducing a diagnostic catheter with an occluding member at its distal end into a lung segment via an assisted ventilation device; inflating the occluding member to isolate the lung segment; and performing a diagnostic procedure with the catheter while the patient is ventilated. The proximal end of the diagnostic catheter is configured to be attached to a console. The method may also comprise introducing the diagnostic catheter into the lung segment; inflating the occluding member to isolate the lung segment; and monitoring blood oxygen saturation. The method may further comprise introducing the diagnostic catheter into the lung segment; determining tidal flow volume in the lung segment; determining total lung capacity of the patient; and determining a flow rank value based on the tidal flow volume of the lung segment and the total lung capacity.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for automatically adjusting an exercise prescription based on an exercise heart rate. The apparatus includes: a heart rate detection device, configured to detect a resting heart rate and a user's real-time exercise heart rate; an exercise movement library, configured to store various exercise instruction video and audio, and provide movement guidance for the user; an exercise guidance module, configured to retrieve and display movement video and audio from the exercise movement library to the user; and a central processing unit (CPU), configured to acquire the resting heart rate and the user's real-time exercise heart rate, calculate an effective exercise target heart rate range based on the resting heart rate, determine whether the real-time exercise heart rate falls within the effective exercise target heart rate range.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of voice-to-text tagging for transcription of a human voice signal by one of an automatic speech recognition system, or a natural conversation, includes generating a speech-to-text verbal transcript of the verbal vocalizations of an audio signal at a verbal timestamp of the audio signal. A voice-to-text non-verbal transcript of the one or more non-verbal vocalizations of the audio signal is generated at a non-verbal timestamp of the audio signal. The non-verbal transcript and the verbal transcript are combined to generate an enhanced transcript.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system (1; 1A) for use in connection with mechanical ventilation of a patient (3), provided by a ventilator (5). The system comprises a sensor arrangement (7; 7A; 7B) configured to register at least one signal (SLP; SLP(TA), SLP(CT); Se1-5; Se11-12), herein referred to as LP signal, related to muscular activity of at least one muscle (17, 19) in the laryngopharyngeal region (9) of said patient (3). Furthermore, the system comprises at least one control unit (11; 11A, 11B) configured to control the operation of said ventilator (5) based on said at least one LP signal, and/or to cause display of information related to said at least one LP signal on a display unit (13A, 13B) for monitoring said patient (3) and/or the operation of the ventilator (5).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and method for processing physiological signals of a subject and in particular to a system for monitoring a (vascular) health parameter of a subject including such a device. The proposed device (10) comprises an input interface (11) for obtaining image data of a scene, said image data comprising a time sequence of image frames; an extraction unit (12) for extracting time-varying signals (92) indicative of cardiac-synchronous motion from said image data, wherein said time-varying signals (92) are motion signals indicative of a vascular micro-motion indicative of a vascular displacement waveform; a polarity determination (13) unit for determining a polarity of the time-varying signals, wherein the polarity corresponds to a phase of the time-varying signals; a combination unit (14) for combining time-varying depending on their polarity to obtain a combination signal; and an analysis unit (15) for determining a (vascular) health parameter based on the combination signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns a plethysmograph. The plethysmograph comprises a housing defining a test cavity configured to enclose a test subject. The plethysmograph further comprises an optical filter providing a spectrally restricted optical access to the test cavity from an exterior of the housing, the optical filter being configured to at least partially transmit light in a transmission band ranging from about 560 nm to about 750 nm; and to at least partially block light in a blocking band ranging from about 380 nm to about 560 nm.

Abstract: Apparatus (100) for training oral muscle tone, the apparatus (100) includes a mouthpiece (103) having first electrode means (132a, 132b, 133a, 133b) associated with the mouthpiece (103) and second electrode means (152a, 152b) for location exterior of the mouth of the user, electrical circuitry operatively connected to the first (132a, 132b, 133a, 133b) and second (152a, 152b) electrode means, wherein the apparatus (100) is configured to provide, in use, via the first (132a, 132b, 133a, 133b) and/or second (152a, 152b) electrode means electrical stimulation to one or more oral muscles to increase resting muscle tone and/or muscle tone during sleep, the second electrode means (152a, 152b) including a first and second electrode (152a, 152b), the first and second electrodes (152a, 152b) of the second electrode means being located or locatable lateral of a midline of the face of the user.

Abstract: Apparatus for performing impedance measurements on a subject. The apparatus includes a first processing system for determining an impedance measurement procedure and determining instructions corresponding to the measurement procedure. A second processing system is provided for receiving the instructions, using the instructions to generate control signals, with the control signals being used to apply one or more signals to the subject. The second processing system then receives first data indicative of the one or more signals applied to the subject, second data indicative of one or more signals measured across the subject and performs at least preliminary processing of the first and second data to thereby allow impedance values to be determined.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a dual-microphone adaptive filtering algorithm for collecting body sound signals, characterized in that, using at least two microphones, a primary microphone and a secondary microphone, to collect signals; the primary microphone is used to collect noisy body sound signals, and the secondary microphone is used to collect environmental noise; applying a same high-pass filtering to signals collected by the primary microphone and signals collected by the secondary microphone; using a normalized least mean square algorithm on the primary microphone signals and the secondary microphone signals after the high-pass filtering to calculate a weight of the adaptive filter and to calculate an error signal to filter out environmental noise in the primary microphone signals; processing the error signal for a first time by a low-pass filtering to restore the body sound signals, to obtain the body sound signals output by the adaptive filtering algorithm.

Abstract: An apparatus for capturing the electrical behavior of the human body during respiration and/or ventilation, the apparatus comprising ventilation elements, elements for capturing the impedance of the patient and at least one control unit. The impedance is captured using at least two electrically conductive electrodes, which capture the electrical behavior of the human body. The elements for capturing the impedance are configured to capture the change in the impedance of the human body over time during respiration and/or ventilation.

Abstract: A piezoelectric film sensor (3) of a swallowing sensor (1) includes a plurality of sensing portions (3A) and (3B) in a longitudinal direction of the neck region. The piezoelectric film sensor (3) is located within a range of movement of thyroid cartilage (103), which occurs along with swallowing, and is attached to skin of an anterior neck region (102). The piezoelectric film sensor (3) individually outputs analog signals (S1a) and (S2a) along with deformation of the plurality of sensing portions (3A) and (3B). The swallowing sensor (1) includes pre-processing units (21) and (22) and a signal processing unit (23). Each of the pre-processing units (21) and (22) separates the analog signal (S1a) or (S2a) into a displacement signal that is a low frequency component and a sound signal that is a high frequency component. The signal processing unit (23) determines whether the swallowing occurs based on the displacement signal.

Abstract: A capnography system includes a CO2 sensing system having a CO2 sensor configured to measure a CO2 concentration in exhaled breath of a subject, a processor configured to derive one or more breath related parameters based on the measured CO2 concentration, and a communication unit. The capnography system includes a tubing system configured to allow flow of respiratory gasses therethrough. The tubing system includes a connector configured to connect the tubing system to the CO2 sensing system and a communication component configured to provide an indication of a type of the tubing system to the communication unit. The communication unit is configured to transfer data to the processor based on the indication obtained from the communication component, and the processor is configured to change or suggest a change of an operation mode of the CO2 sensing system based on the data.

Abstract: Systems and methods for prescribing athletic activity to be performed by a user, and for adapting the prescribed athletic activity based on completed (e.g. ongoing) athletic performances by the user. A coaching plan may be automatically created that prescribes personalized athletic activities as a user trains towards a goal date. The athletic information may be received from one or more sensor devices associated with a user, and the coaching plan may be continuously or intermittently updated based on the received sensor data.

Abstract: Systems and methods for prescribing athletic activity to be performed by a user, and for adapting the prescribed athletic activity based on completed (e.g. ongoing) athletic performances by the user. A coaching plan may be automatically created that prescribes personalized athletic activities as a user trains towards a goal date. The athletic information may be received from one or more sensor devices associated with a user, and the coaching plan may be continuously or intermittently updated based on the received sensor data.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a portable spirometer, comprising a housing and a mouthpiece being releasably connected to said housing, wherein the housing encloses a sensor unit being in fluid communication with a flow channel receiving part of a flow of exhaled or inhaled air from a main flow channel of the mouthpiece when connected to said housing, whereby the sensor unit is configured to measure one or more characteristics of part of the flow of exhaled or inhaled air passed to the sensor unit via the mouthpiece, characterised in that said sensor unit comprises at least one digital differential pressure sensor comprising a heating element and a temperature sensor arranged upstream of the heating element and a reference temperature sensor arranged downstream of the heating element.

Abstract: Embodiments generally relate to a surgical resource allocation system. Patients seeking a procedure can use the system to identify surgeons and surgical facilities. The patient can then use the system to book the procedure with a selected surgeon at a selected facility. In an example, a patient can indicate a need for a certain procedure. The patient can then provide criteria for a surgeon or facility, such as a desired location, desired time, surgeon rankings, and facility rankings. The system can then identify surgeons and facilities that match the criteria and present them for selection by the patient. The patient can then select the surgeon and facility with which the patient would like the procedure performed. With the surgeon and facility selected, the patient can then choose to book the procedure.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for recognizing crackles, including: processing collected lung sound signal to extract moist rale component for a respiratory cycle; calculating a power spectrum of the moist rale component, and, calculating at least one of a ratio of power of each preset frequency band to total power of all preset frequency bands and the total power of all the preset frequency bands as a frequency domain parameter, and/or calculating at least one of a ratio of the number of occurrence of moist rale and a maximum amplitude of moist rale in the entire inspiratory phase as a time domain parameter; inputting the frequency domain parameter and/or the time domain parameter serving as a parameter feature into a classification model for recognition. The present disclosure further provides a system for recognizing crackles.

Abstract: A sample collection device including a collection tube at least partially defining a storage volume therein, a mouthpiece coupled to the collection tube, the mouthpiece defining a channel providing access to the storage volume, and a filter at least partially positioned within the channel, where the filter is configured to filter a sample as it passes through the channel and into the storage volume.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system that includes a sensor for acquiring a physiological bioelectrical impedance signal from a patient functionally connected to the computing device. The computing device preferably analyzes the physiological bioelectrical impedance signal and provides outputs an assessment of minute ventilation of the patient based on the analyzed bioelectrical impedance signal. Preferably, the system monitors the signal over time, provides a control signal to an IV pump that instructs the IV Pump to automatically adjust medication levels by automatically lowering medication levels when respiration levels fall or completely stopping flow of the medication.

Abstract: Systems and methods for stimulation of neurological tissue generate stimulation trains with temporal patterns of stimulation, in which the interval between electrical pulses (the inter-pulse intervals) changes or varies over time. Compared to conventional continuous, high rate pulse trains having regular (i.e., constant) inter-pulse intervals, the non-regular (i.e., not constant) pulse patterns or trains that embody features of the invention provide a lower average frequency.

Abstract: A flow resistance insert of a flow rate measuring or flow rate control has contiguous discs between which at least one central axial flow duct is formed from which radial flow ducts branch off. The discs include alternating first discs and second discs. While the first discs are circumferentially closed ring discs, the second discs are circumferentially slotted one-piece ring discs.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure provide methods, apparatuses, and systems for non-linear breathing entrainment. As described herein, “breathing entrainment” refers to guiding a user's breath or breathing. According to an aspect, an initial breathing period and a final breathing period are selected. Based on the initial and final breathing periods, a non-linear breath rate per minute sequence is determined. A guiding stimulus is output and aligned with the non-linear breath rate per minute sequence. The guiding stimulus is non-linearly altered with the non-linear breath rate per minute sequence to align with the final breathing period over an interval of time. The non-linear alterations of the guiding stimulus vary based on an amount of time the guiding stimulus has been output.

Abstract: Various characteristics of a gas flow can be sensed at the end of a respiratory conduit near the patient interface using a sensing module. The sensing module can be removable from the patient end of the respiratory conduit for ease of use and ease of cleaning. The sensor module can transmit sensor data over the same wires used to heat the respiratory conduit.