Abstract: A method for determining a regional compliance of a lung during spontaneous respiration. In the method, a lung compliance value C.M is determined by triggering an inspiration maneuver and either measuring a compliance of the entire lung or of a surrogate for the compliance of the entire lung. In the method, there further is a capture of an electrical impedance distribution along at least one two-dimensional section through a human thorax by a device for electrical impedance tomography, with a multiplicity of EIT pixels being captured. An end-inspiratory and an end-expiratory electrical impedance are determined for each EIT pixel and an impedance difference is determined for each EIT pixel. The regional compliance is determined for specific EIT pixels, which are assigned to an impedance value range based on a frequency distribution of all EIT pixels.

Abstract: Technologies for on-circuit board de-embedding are disclosed. In the illustrative embodiment, several micromechanical relays on a circuit board can connect a trace on the circuit board to an open circuit, a closed circuit, a load circuit, or a through circuit. For the through circuit, the trace is connected to an integrated circuit component mounted on the circuit board. A cable is connected to the trace, allowing for signals to be sent to any of the four circuits without any probes connected to the circuit board. The transmitted and/or reflected signals can be measured, which can be used to de-embed the integrated circuit component.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for non-invasive and continuous measurement of respiratory chamber volume and associated parameters including respiratory rate, respiratory rhythm, tidal volume, dielectric variability and respiratory congestion. In particular, a non-invasive apparatus and method for determining dynamic and structural physiologic data from a living subject including a change in the spatial configuration of a respiratory chamber, a lung or a lobe of a lung to determine overall respiratory health comprising an ultra wide-band radar system having at least one transmitting and receiving antenna for applying ultra wide-band radio signals to a target area of the subject's anatomy wherein the receiving antenna collects and transmits signal returns from the target area.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for skin parameter measurement, comprising a housing structure (112) defining an interior cavity (120) and a first opening (122) at a skin contact end (124) of the interior cavity (120), a movable part (113, 117) connected to the housing structure (112) via an elastic connecting arrangement (126), the movable part (113, 117) being movable with respect to the housing structure (112) and configured to protrude the skin contact end (124) through the first opening (122) of the housing structure when no external force is applied to move the movable part (113, 117) with respect to the housing structure, the movable part (113, 117) further comprising a second opening (116), an optical sensing unit (118) for performing measurement of a first skin parameter when the device is in contact with a skin surface, the optical sensing unit being provided within the interior cavity of the housing structure and comprising an illuminating unit (118A) for illuminating the skin surface by

Abstract: Methods and systems for sealing biological tissue using high frequency electrical energy determines a first-instance size of the biological tissue based on an initial impedance determination and applies electrical energy to the biological tissue based on the first-instance size determination, during which an in-process parameter is detected. A second-instance size of the biological tissue is determined based on the detected in-process parameter. When the second-instance size is different from the first-instance size, the second-instance electrical energy is different than the first-instance electrical energy; and when the second-instance size is the same as the first-instance size, the second-instance electrical is the same as the first-instance electrical energy.

Abstract: A dampening device that can be coupled to a medical implant to eliminate harmful electrical oscillations. The device includes circuity that detects harmful electrical oscillations in the implant. The device also includes circuity that generates cancelling electrical signals that counter the detected electrical oscillations. Alternatively, in a medical implant having a taper junction such as a standard hip implant, resistance welding of the taper junction just prior to surgical implanting may be performed after the appropriately dimensioned components are selected to eliminate a metal on metal interface where corrosion is most likely to occur.

Abstract: In some examples, a processor determines a patient state based on activity of a bioelectrical brain signal of a patient in one or more frequency sub-bands of a frequency band of interest. For example, a processor may determine a patient state based on the power level of a bioelectrical brain signal of the patient in one or more frequency sub-bands of a frequency band, or based on a spectral pattern of a bioelectrical brain signal in a frequency band, such as a shift in a power distribution between sub-bands, a change in the peak frequency within one or more sub-bands, a pattern of the power distribution over one or more frequency sub-bands, or a width or a variability of one or more sub-bands exhibiting a relatively high or low level of activity.

Abstract: A medical capsule including an electrical circuit and an internal power source for selectively supplying the electrical circuit with electrical energy, wherein at least a photosensitive element is provided for initiating a supply of electrical energy to the electrical circuit when a light signal having a predetermined intensity is irradiated and the invention related to a system comprising a medical capsule in a package, and an extracorporeal device including a light source for emitting a light beam, wherein the package of the medical capsule is adapted and provided to be permeable for the predetermined intensity.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for evaluating injection sites on a body of a patient. The methods/systems may instruct a patient to place one or more capacitance sensors in contact with a potential injection site on the body of the patient. The methods/systems may also comprise using a processing circuit to receive data indicative of a capacitance of body tissue at the potential injection site, as measured by the one or more capacitance sensors. The methods/systems may also comprise generating, using the processing circuit, an indication of a level of pain that would be expected to be experienced by the patient from a potential injection at the potential injection site based on the received capacitance.

Abstract: To specify, collect, and manage data that matches a usage purpose of a user with high efficiency among enormous medical data. In a case where prescribed medical data is data worthy of evaluation for a user who manipulates a user terminal, a communication unit receives an evaluation result. A database generation unit selectively reads the medical data the evaluation result of which has been received by the communication unit among the medical data accumulated in a medical information storage, and stores the medical data in the storage unit. This processing is repeated every time when an evaluation result is received to generate a database.

Abstract: The invention generally concerns methods and devices for determining inadequate lactation in female subject.

Abstract: A bioimpedance measurement device and an operation method thereof are disclosed. The disclosed bioimpedance measurement device comprises: a body part which accommodates a measurement circuit and comprises a grip that can be gripped by a hand; a first electrode and a second electrode which are coupled to a first shaft provided on one side of the body part and rotate about the first shaft; and a third electrode and a fourth electrode which are coupled to a second shaft provided on the one side of the body part at a position different from that of the first shaft. When a subject to be measured is surrounded by and comes into contact with the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, and the fourth electrode, the bioimpedance of the subject to be measured is measured.

Abstract: Methods, systems, apparatus, and non-transitory computer readable media are disclosed utilizing brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Various embodiments are disclosed to allow a user to directly select multiple-choice answers, to provide motorized wheelchair controls, and to allow a user to play a game via the BCI. When used in a cognitive assessment test, embodiments include the administration of unmodified standardized tests with results in the same or a similar format as those taken without a BCI. Various embodiments are disclosed to improve the accuracy of BCI test administration using a three-step process for each test question, which includes determining whether the user intends to select an answer, monitoring user brain activity to determine a selected answer, and verifying the selected answer. In addition, the selected answer may be verified by monitoring user brain activity in accordance with a hold-release process to determine whether a user intends to initiate a state change.

Abstract: The present inventive concept relates to an apparatus and a method for providing a treatment plan by measuring the severity of sleep apnea and causes thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are computer-implemented method, system, and computer-program product (computer-readable storage medium) embodiments of image scoring for intestinal pathology. An embodiment includes receiving, via at least one processor, an output of an imaging device. The output of the imaging device may include a plurality of image frames forming at least a subset of a set of image frames depicting an inside surface of a digestive organ of a given patient; and decomposing, via at least one machine learning (ML) algorithm, at least one image frame of the plurality of image frames into a plurality of regions of interest. The at least one region of interest may be defined by determining that an edge value exceeds a predetermined threshold. At least one processor may automatically assign a first score based at least in part on the edge value for each region of interest and automatically shuffle the set of image frames.

Abstract: A level measuring device for level and/or limit determination and for measuring an impedance of a filling material is provided. The level measuring device comprises a measuring probe, arranged for measuring the impedance of the filling material. Further comprising a signal generation unit, arranged for generating a first frequency signal with variable frequency, wherein the measuring probe is supplied with the first frequency signal and outputs a measuring signal. Further, a measurement converter arranged to convert the measurement signal into a mixed signal, wherein the mixed signal has a phase difference with respect to the first frequency signal. Furthermore, the level measuring device comprises a phase difference measuring unit, which is arranged to determine an amplitude-phase characteristic of the filling material measured by the measuring probe, by means of the phase and amplitude difference between the first frequency signal and the mixed signal.

Abstract: An intelligent detection system includes an image module, a target detection module, and a physical model processing module. The target detection module runs a scanning mode on the target object and controls the image module to capture target images of the target object with different physical properties under the scanning mode. The scanning mode is allowed to be based on luminescence or thermal radiation emitted by variation of time, voltage, current, or illumination. The physical model processing module receives the target images and carries out an image stacking process with each target image based on different physical properties, generating a detection result image through physical formula of electronic circuit in cooperation with a chromaticity coordinate diagram.

Abstract: An avatar personalized for a subject and used in movement analysis and coaching uses a 3D polygon mesh representation of a human, authored for one human skeleton model, with a different size (scaled) skeleton model, without producing visual artifacts. Dimensions of the scaled skeleton model can be determined from three or eight measurements of a subject or from scanning or photographic methods. The avatar animated based on motion capture data may be animated alone or with one or more other avatars that are synchronized spatially, orientationally, and/or at multiple times to allow a user to easily compare differences between performances. An information presentation in an animation may use pixel energies from multiple animation frames to ensure that the information remains relatively stationary and does not obstruct important visual details.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to measuring impedance across a plurality of electrode pairs. The disclosed systems and methods may simultaneously provide drive signals between electrode pairs and then sense the voltage signals that develop at the electrodes. Digital signal processing may be used to synchronously demodulate the voltage signal at each electrode to determine impedances at the electrodes. Each electrode pair may be driven at a unique frequency to allow for significantly increasing a number of electrode pairs and/or increasing drive current magnitudes. Synchronous demodulation allows the unique frequencies to be detected independent of each other while minimizing crosstalk. Typically, the drive frequencies are made orthogonal by setting the drive frequencies at harmonics of a common base frequency and measuring a response over an integer number of cycles.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to devices, systems and methods for evaluating the success of a treatment applied to tissue in a patient, such as a radio frequency ablative treatment used to neuromodulate nerves associated with the renal artery. A system monitors parameters or values generated during the course of a treatment. Feedback provided to an operator is based on the monitored values and relates to an assessment of the likelihood that a completed treatment was technically successful. In other embodiments, parameters or values generated during the course of an incomplete treatment (such as due to high temperature or high impedance conditions) may be evaluated to provide additional instructions or feedback to an operator.

Abstract: There is provided a system for monitoring a heart of a subject and monitoring impedance-related parameters, comprising: a feeding tube, an electrode disposed(s) on a distal end of the feeding tube, a controller that performs, while the feeding tube is in located in an esophagus and feeding is delivered to a subject via the feeding tube, in a plurality of iterations: continuously measuring voltage at the electrode(s) of the feeding tube, applying alternating current(s) between the electrode(s) of the feeding tube and at least one other electrode, computing impedance measurement(s) from the electrode(s) of the feeding tube according to the applied alternating current(s) and the measured voltage, computing impedance-related parameter(s) based on the impedance measurement(s), terminating the application of the alternating current(s), obtaining an electrocardiogram (ECG) measurement based on the voltage measured at the electrode(s) of the feeding tube, and providing the impedance-related parameter(s) and the ECG m

Abstract: A microcurrent treatment device includes an adaptive trigger circuit configured to dynamically determine a triggering threshold for applying a therapeutic microcurrent via a treatment electrode to a nerve node on a person's face for treatment of a sinus condition.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for conducting a polygraph test, the method comprising: monitoring physiological indices of a user during the steps of: providing the user with a plurality of pre-questions; and receiving answers from the user to the plurality of pre-questions; analyzing the answers to the pre-questions and physiological indices using machine learning and setting baselines for the monitored physiological indices; generating a plurality of test questions for the user based on the analysis; monitoring physiological indices of a user during the steps of: providing the user with the plurality of test questions; and receiving answers from the user to the test questions; comparing the baselines and the monitored physiological indices during the provision of answers to the test questions; and generating a test result to the test question.

Abstract: A wearable device is provided. The wearable device includes at least one motion sensor operable to detect one or more motion signals, a processor coupled to the at least one motion sensor, one or more biological sensors coupled to the processor and operable to detect one or more biological indicators of a user, and a memory configured to store instructions executable by the processor. The instructions, when executed, are operable to: obtain at least one of the one or more biological indicators of the user; correlate the at least one biological indicators of the user with the detected one or more motion signals; and determine that a drink event is detected based on the correlation between the detected one or more motion signals and the at least one biological indicators.

Abstract: A system for electrical impedance tomography comprises: a plurality of electrodes; a plurality of impedance measurement units, each being associated with two or more electrodes, and wherein each impedance measurement unit comprises a current generator for generating a stimulation current between the electrodes and an amplifier for amplifying a measurement voltage between the electrodes; wherein the system is configured to perform a plurality of impedance measurements, wherein, for each impedance measurement, one impedance measurement unit is set in a stimulation mode for providing a stimulation current into the object, and wherein the impedance measurement unit being set in the stimulation mode is switched among the plurality of impedance measurement units, and wherein each impedance measurement unit is configured to be set in a calibration mode during at least one of the plurality of impedance measurements.

Abstract: A leadwire for physiological patient monitoring is provided that transfers potentials received at a chest electrode to a data acquisition device. The leadwire includes an electrode end connectable to the chest electrode and a first conductive layer extending from the electrode end. The leadwire also has a device end connectable to a data acquisition device and a second conductive layer extending from the device end. The first conductive layer is galvanically isolated from the second conductive layer such that the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer form a capacitor.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: a controller configured to: receive one or more sensed signals from one or more wearable sensors, wherein a wearable sensor is for sensing a user's body and outputting a sensed signal dependent upon one or more biological processes of the user; process the one or more sensed signals and detect one or more bio signals that are determined by the one or more biological processes of the user; and process the one or more sensed signals to detect a user input signal indicative of: the user touching the user's body, and/or the user touching at least one of the wearable sensors, and/or relative movement of at least one of the wearable sensors relative to the user's body, and process the user input signal to identify a user input command.

Abstract: Described are systems and methods that use one or more two-dimensional (“2D”) body images of a body to determine body fat measurements of that body. For example, a standard 2D camera of a portable device, such as a cell phone, tablet, laptop, etc., may be used to generate one or more 2D body images of a user. Those 2D body images, or image, may be processed using the disclosed implementations to determine a body fat measurement of the body represented in the image.

Abstract: A training platform, a method and a computer-readable medium for evaluating users in capturing images of an internal anatomical region for the analysis of organs. Automated machine learning models, trained on a dataset of labelled training images associated with different imaging device positions, are used. The one or more automated machine learning models are used to process an image resulting from a user positioning an imaging device at various imaging device positions relative to a training manikin, a human or an animal, to determine whether the generated image corresponds to a predefined view required for the analysis of the organ features shown therein. An output indicative of whether the generated image corresponds to the predefined view expected for organ analysis and measurements is provided.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided method for measuring wound healing, comprising, measuring a wound impedance by a first tetrapolar arrangement of electrodes arranged on both sides of a wound, measuring a reference impedance by a second tetrapolar arrangement of electrodes arranged on one side of the wound, determining, by a controller, wound healing on the basis of the wound impedance and the reference impedance measured over a frequency range.

Abstract: A method, system, apparatus, and/or device to select a depth within a body part to measure an impedance. The method, system, apparatus, and/or device may include: a band configured to extend at least partially around a body part of a user; a user interface coupled to the band; a miniaturized impedance sensor embedded in the band and positioned in the band to be pressed against the body part when the user wears the band, the miniaturized impedance sensor including an array of miniaturized electrodes, where the array of miniaturized electrodes is configured to measure an impedance at a depth within the body part and the depth corresponds to a subdermal feature within the body part; a processing device coupled to the band, where the processing device is configured to select the depth within the body part to measure an impedance; and an electrical circuit embedded in the band.

Abstract: An impedance measurement circuit and an operating method thereof are provided. The impedance measurement circuit includes a current source, a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), an operation circuit, and a first delay circuit. The current source, electrically connected to a power rail, is able to sink a current from the power rail according to the delayed clock signal. The VCO is configured to generate an oscillation signal according to a power voltage on the power rail. The operation circuit is electrically connected to the VCO and is configured to receive a sampling clock signal and the oscillation signal, sense the power voltage to generate a sampled signal, and accumulate the sampled signal to generate a measurement result. The first delay circuit, electrically connected to the current source and the operation circuit, is able to receive the sampling clock signal and transmit the delayed clock signal to the current source.

Abstract: An antioxidant sensor includes a first light source configured to emit light having a first wavelength onto an object; a second light source configured to emit light having a second wavelength onto the object; a third light source configured to emit light having a third wavelength onto the object, the first wavelength, the second wavelength, and the third wavelength being different from each other; a light receiver configured to receive light reflected or scattered from the object; and a processor configured to obtain a hemoglobin index by driving the first light source and the second light source, and to obtain an antioxidant signal of the object by driving the third light source based on the obtained hemoglobin index satisfying a condition.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a controller. The controller includes an input/output (I/O) module and a rule module. The I/O module is configured to present a question for a patient when communicatively coupled to a user interface and receive patient information in response to the question via the user interface. The rule module is configured to apply a rule to the patient information and generate a suggested insulin pump setting from application of the rule. Other devices, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: A computer system is disclosed comprising a processor arrangement communicatively coupled to a data storage arrangement storing a digital model of a section of a lumen system of a patient; and a communication module communicatively coupled to said processor arrangement and arranged to receive sensor data pertaining to an internal parameter of said lumen system from a sensor within said section of the lumen system. The processor arrangement is arranged to receive said sensor data from the communication module; retrieve said digital model from the data storage arrangement; simulate an actual physical condition of said lumen system by developing said digital model based on the received sensor data; and generate an output relating to said simulated actual physical condition for updating an electronic device. Also disclosed is a method of monitoring a patient with such a computer system, a computer program product for implementing such a method and a patient monitoring system.

Abstract: A method of screening for a cancer in a patient, an integrated method of screening for a cancer in a patient, a computer program product for carrying out the methods, as well as a medical imaging apparatus for carrying out the methods are disclosed. Based upon the above, it is possible that the patient will obtain a more reliable result from a first medical imaging treatment.

Abstract: A system and method for modeling patient-specific spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is disclosed. The system and method acquire impedance and evoked compound action potential (ECAP) signals from a lead positioned proximate to a spinal cord (SC). The lead includes at least one electrode. The system and method determine a patient-specific anatomical model based on the impedance and ECAP signals, and transform a dorsal column (DC) map template based on a DC boundary of the patient-specific anatomical model. Further, the system and method map the transformed DC map template to the patient-specific anatomical model. The system and method may also include the algorithms to solve extracellular and intracellular domain electrical fields and propagation along neurons. The system and method may also include the user interfaces to collect patient responses and compare with the patient-specific anatomical model as well as using the patient-specific anatomical model for guiding SCS programming.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for eliminating noise in non-invasive biological interrogation techniques may be described herein. A method may include taking a first set of measurements over a time period. The first set of measurements may be indicated by an electronic signal. The first set of measurements may correspond to a physiological characteristic of a subject. A change in the physiological characteristic of the subject may correspond to a change in a blood constituent of the subject. The method may include: taking a second set of measurements over the time period; correlating the first and second sets of measurements, wherein the correlating removes noise from the electronic signal; sectioning out the electronic signal; calculating an amplitude difference between two or more sections of the electronic signal; and determining a change in the amount of the blood constituent based on the difference.

Abstract: Methods and systems for stimulating and monitoring electrogenic cells are described. Some systems for stimulating electrogenic cells are based on the injection of electric currents into the cells via electrodes connected to the cells. Such stimulators may comprise an impedance element having an input terminal and an output terminal coupled to an electrode, and a voltage follower coupled between the input terminal and the output terminal of the impedance element, the voltage follower being configured to maintain a substantially constant voltage between the input terminal and the output terminal of the impedance element. The impedance element may comprise one or more switched capacitors at least in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the voltage follower may be implemented using a source follower.

Abstract: A method for quantitatively assessing muscle contraction and corresponding kits are described. The method can include assessing muscle contraction of a facial muscle by applying an external electrical stimulus to facial skin sufficient to contract a facial muscle, and measuring the contractile activity of the contracted facial muscle. The method can be used to determine the ability of a treatment material to reduce contraction of the facial muscle.

Abstract: A health care system acquires data determines whether a patient is at risk of hypervolemia or hypovolemia. The method comprises (a) acquiring from a device memory a patient's absolute intrathoracic impedance data over a pre-specified time period, (b) determining a running average of the intrathoracic impedance data over the pre-specified time period, and (c) determining by the system whether the running average of the intrathoracic impedance data over the pre-specified time period exceeds one of a first and second range, the first range being a higher value boundary of intrathoracic electrical impedance and the second range being a lower value boundary of intrathoracic electrical impedance.

Abstract: A clamp electrode apparatus comprises first and second clamps which are mechanically connected to form a single integrated device and arranged side by side such that a first edge of the first clamp faces a second edge of the second clamp. A channel is defined between the first and second edges for aligning a visible mark feature of a limb, such as a malleolus or ulnar head, within the opening or channel when the first and second clamps clamp the limb. When the limb is clamped with the clamp electrode apparatus multiple times, the visible mark feature can be aligned with reference to the channel. Thus, electrodes attached to the clamps contact generally the same locations even if the clamp electrode apparatus is removed after each measurement and is not kept on the limb throughout the multiple measurements.

Abstract: The disclosure relates generally to devices, systems and methods for measuring, transmitting, recording and displaying information relating to physical exercise and, more particularly, to a monitoring system for monitoring exercise machines comprising a lifting mechanism for selectively engaging one or more of the weights. A first aspect of the disclosure relates to an exercise machine monitoring system for monitoring exercise machines, where the exercise machines, comprise a plurality of stacked weights, the monitoring system comprises, for each of the exercise machines a repetition detector and an exercise machine identifier. The monitoring system further comprises an observer and a user device.

Abstract: A dermatoglyph detector includes a detection circuit and an electronic processor unit. The detection circuit includes an electrically conductive thin film in which there are formed both electrodes that are arranged to come into contact with the skin of a portion of a human body and also conductive tracks connecting the electrodes to the processor unit. The processor unit is arranged to determine electrical characteristics of the body portion extending between each pair of electrodes in contact with the skin, and to execute a computer program for acting on the basis of the determined electrical characteristics to distinguish between an authentic body portion and a fake body portion. The detection circuit includes at least two track segments of different shapes between two calibration terminals so as to present an impedance ratio that is not equal to unity.

Abstract: A wearable medical screening device using electrical impedance tomogram and associated operation method. The wearable medical screening device includes electrodes, signal generator, and signal processor. The electrodes are arranged to be arranged on a body part of a wearer. The signal generator is arranged to provide a signal to at least one of the electrodes for transmission of a respective excitation signal to the body part of the wearer. The signal processor is arranged to process respective response signal received by at least one of the remaining electrodes as a result of the respective excitation signal, for determination of an electrical impedance tomogram for real-time preliminary medical screening of a disease associated with body part on which the wearable medical screening device is worn.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to new methods for calibrating or adjusting a bioimpedance measuring device. Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to a medical set or system, a medical measuring standard, a method for testing a bioimpedance measuring device, and a bioimpedance measuring device.

Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring for accumulation of lung fluid comprises a feeding tube having first electrode(s) positioned thereon for electrical contact with tissue of an esophagus of a target patient including a lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and/or tissue in proximity to the LES, second electrode(s) sized and shaped for contacting skin of the target patient, and a non-transitory memory having stored thereon code instructions for applying alternating current(s) to pair(s) of first and second electrodes, measuring a voltage over the pair(s), and computing an estimate of a change of lung fluid relative to a baseline in lung(s) of the target patient according to the applied alternating current and measured voltage, wherein the applying, the measuring, and the computing the estimate of the change in lung fluid are iteratively executed for monitoring the target patient for accumulation of lung fluid while the feeding tube is in use.

Abstract: An electronic device and method for measuring user body information are provided. The method for measuring user body information includes detecting a contact of a user's body portion on at least two spots of a touch screen of the electronic device, upon detecting the contact of the user's body portion on the at least two spots of the touch screen, applying power to a first coil in the electronic device, and measuring the user body information using at least one of a voltage and a second current measured after a first current is induced across the user's body by a first magnetic field generated from the first coil as the power is applied.

Abstract: A system and method for assessing contact between a medical device and tissue may comprise an electronic control unit (ECU) configured to be coupled to a medical device, the medical device comprising a first electrode and a second electrode. The ECU may be further configured to select the first electrode as an electrical source and the second electrode as an electrical sink, to cause an electrical signal to be driven between the source and sink, to detect respective electric potentials on the first electrode and the second electrode while the electrical signal is driven, and to determine an impedance respective of one of the first electrode and the second electrode according to both of the respective electric potentials.

Abstract: A system and method for determining the weight gain trend of a user. The weekly weight oscillation is determined, and a future weight trend can be predicted. At least three weeks of weight oscillation trends are typically used to predict future weight trends.