Abstract: The bioelectrical impedance measurement device mainly includes a portable casing, a control member inside the portable casing, and an electrode assembly joined to the portable casing and electrically connected to the control member. The control member includes current generation element, a current collection and processing element, and a current protection element. The electrode assembly includes a left-hand contact and a right-hand contact, both configured on the portable casing. The electrode assembly further includes a left-foot contact, and a right-foot contact, both extended from the portable casing. The left-hand contact, right-hand contact, left-foot contact, and right-foot contact are respectively connected to a user's left hand, right hand, left foot, and right foot. The current generation element generates an electrical current, which enters the user's body through the limbs and then collected to calculate various bioelectrical impedances and to determine a required biological information.

Abstract: A flexible dome-shaped substrate (301) defines an internal surface (403) arranged to accommodate breast tissue. A set of substantially circular electrodes (411, 412) are located concentrically on the substrate, along with a set of substantially radial electrodes (501, 502). An energizing circuit energizes a selected transmitter electrode to propagate an electric field through a detection region of the breast tissue during a coupling operation. A monitoring circuit receives an output signal from a selected receiver electrode. Positions are identified within the detection region by coordinates established by the substantially circular electrodes and the substantially radial electrodes. This allows irregularities to be identified and located.

Abstract: A device may be configured for performing signal processing in impedance sensing applications, and more specifically, for recovering data from an amplitude-modulated signal. In one aspect, a device includes a sensing circuit operable to sense an amplitude-modulated signal having a carrier frequency. The device also includes a mixer operable to mix the amplitude-modulated signal with a mixing signal having a mixing frequency to provide a frequency-downshifted signal having an intermediate frequency less than the carrier frequency. The device also includes a filter operable to filter the frequency-downshifted signal to provide a filtered signal. The device further includes a sampler operable to undersample the filtered signal at an undersampling frequency to provide a digital signal, the digital signal being representative of a modulating signal.

Abstract: A method, system, and device for predicting lesion quality. Specifically, lesion quality may be predicted based on an assessment of pulmonary vein occlusion using injection of an impedance-modifying agent and evaluation of changes in impedance measurements recorded by an electrode located distal to an occlusion element of the treatment device used to inject the impedance-modifying agent. The quality of the occlusion may be rated based on the changes in impedance over time within the pulmonary vein. For example, the quality of the occlusion may be rated as being good, fair, or poor. This assessment may be quickly and easily communicated to an operator.

Abstract: The goal of the present invention is to calculate with high accuracy a numerical value representing skin barrier function in a wide range of skin conditions. Provided is an operation processing apparatus calculates a first variable based on delay time measured using an alternating-current (AC) signal generated by the AC signal generation circuit and a signal applied by an application electrode and passing through skin and stores the first variable calculated by the processor as a calculation result. The operation processing apparatus calculates a numerical value representing the skin barrier function based on the calculation result.

Abstract: An electrical stimulation system includes a sheath that includes conductive points that are operative to facilitate electrical stimulation to a bodily portion of a user. Drive-sense circuits (DSCs) generate electrical stimulation signals based on reference signals and provide those electrical stimulation signals via electrodes to the conductive points of the sheath. The electrical stimulation signal is coupled into respective locations of the bodily portion of the user that are in proximity to or in contact with the conductive points of the sheath. In addition, the DSCs sense, via the conductive points of the sheath and via the electrodes, changes of the electrical stimulation signals based on coupling of them into the respective locations of the bodily portion of the user. The DSCs provide digital signals that are representative of the changes of the electrical stimulation signals to one or more processing modules that includes and/or is coupled to memory.

Abstract: Tissue stimulation systems generally include a pulse generating device for generating electrical stimulation pulses, at least one implanted electrode for delivering the electrical stimulation pulses generated by the pulse generating device, and a programmer capable of communicating with the pulse generating device. Stimulation pulses may be defined by several parameters, such as pulse width and amplitude. In methods of stimulating the tissue with the stimulation system, a user may adjust one of the parameters such as pulse width. The programmer may automatically adjust the pulse amplitude in response to the change in pulse width in order to maintain a substantially constant effect of the stimulation pulses.

Abstract: A method for determining the hydration status of a person prompts the person to breathe while in a first postural position during which the method measures a first heart rate variability (HRV) value. The person is prompted to change to a second postural position, and the method measures a second HRV value. A difference between the first HRV value and the second HRV value is a daily score. The daily score is subtracted from a baseline to obtain a hydration score. In certain embodiments, the person is requested to respond to a plurality of subjective questions. The method processes the subjective responses and the daily score to determine whether the person is adequately hydrated. In certain embodiments of the method, the person is requested to identify the color of the person's urine. The identified color is processed with the daily score and the subjective responses to determine hydration.

Abstract: A power conversion device which is a test target performs DC voltage conversion between a primary side DC terminal and a secondary side DC terminal. A first connection member electrically connects a testing power supply and the primary side DC terminal serving as an input side of the test target. A second connection member electrically connects the primary side DC terminal and the secondary side DC terminal of the power conversion device to transmit active power output from the secondary side DC terminal to the primary side DC terminal to be a part of active power input to the primary side DC terminal.

Abstract: Electrical impedance tomography devices and systems having a multi-dimensional electrode arrangement are disclosed including a related method for operating the devices and systems. The reconstructed images may correspond to the planes of the multi-dimensional electrode arrangements as well as one or more images corresponding to a region outside of the electrode planes. Such reconstruction may be performed by application of a finite element mesh having multiple layers defined for the different regions for generating the images.

Abstract: A magnetic field sensor includes a current source configured to generate a bias current, a plurality of magnetic field transducers, each having power terminals coupled to the current source and output terminals at which an output signal of the transducer is provided, wherein the power terminals of each of the plurality of magnetic field transducers are electrically coupled together in series so that the bias current flows through each of the plurality of magnetic field transducers in series. A capacitively-coupled summing amplifier has a plurality of inputs, each configured to receive the output signal of a respective one of the plurality of magnetic field transducers, and an output at which an amplified and summed signal is provided, wherein the capacitively-coupled summing amplifier is configured to amplify and sum the received output signals of the plurality of magnetic field transducers.

Abstract: Provided is a method for collecting sensor data using time-domain reflectometry (TDR). A primary device transmits a TDR signal to a first sensor. A reflected signal is received in response to the transmitted TDR signal. The reflected signal is analyzed to determine an impedance of the first sensor. Based on the impedance of the first sensor, a sensor value for the first sensor is determined.

Abstract: A method and apparatus provides a service based on biometric information. A bioelectrical impedance of a user is measured at a first time point to obtain a first value representing biometric information of the user. At least one processor predicts the biometric information of the user at a third time point subsequent to the first time point to obtain a third value, based on the first value representing biometric information of the user at the first time point and a second value representing the biometric information at a second time point prior to the first time point. The processor calculates a difference between a fourth value representing a target related to the biometric information of the user, input by the user in advance, and the third value. Information regarding a health management service is output based on the difference between the fourth value and the third value.

Abstract: According to some aspects, a sample isolation kit is provided. The sample isolation kit includes a housing configured to detachably couple to a sample fluid channel of a microchip and provide a sample to the microchip. The housing and the microchip are coupled using a hermetic seal. The sample isolation kit further includes a storage housing configured to detachably couple to an isolation channel of the microchip and receive a target biological sample isolated from the sample by the microchip. The storage housing and the microchip are coupled using a hermetic seal.

Abstract: A method for determining the hydration, fitness and/or nutrition status of a human body, or of segments of the human body, comprises providing values each of a mass or volume fraction of intracellular water and a mass or volume fraction of extracellular water of the human body or the segment, defining a two-dimensional parameter space, determining a reference line within the parameter space, locating a position within the parameter space which corresponds to the associated values of the mass or volume fraction of intracellular water and the mass or volume fraction of extracellular water of the human body or the segment, determining a distance between the position and the reference line, and deriving a mass or volume, or a mass or volume fraction, of hydration from the determined distance from the reference line for the human body or the segment.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for treating pulmonary conditions, such as COPD and asthma, by denervating bronchial tissue using cryoablation. In one embodiment, a device for bronchial denervation comprises: an elongate body having a distal portion and a proximal portion opposite the distal portion; a treatment element at the distal portion of the elongate body; and a first recording electrode located distal to the treatment element and a second recording electrode located proximal to the treatment element, the first and second recording electrodes being configured to record electromyograms. In one embodiment, the device includes a fluid delivery element that is within the treatment element and that has a plurality of orifices aligned with an equatorial portion of the treatment element.

Abstract: A method of treating a neurological disorder and/or disease includes positioning a stimulation apparatus on a patient. The stimulation apparatus includes an electrode array having a plurality of electrodes and an emitter array having a plurality of emitters. The method further includes measuring electroencephalography (EEG) signals of the patient with the electrode array. The method further includes emitting radiation into the patient's brain from the emitter array based on the measured EEG signals in order to treat the neurological disorder and/or disease.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides apparatuses and methods for measuring sub-epidermal moisture to provide clinicians with information related to physical conditions and ailments associated with accumulation or depletion of extracellular fluid.

Abstract: A probe device provides an enhanced bioelectric and spring-loaded sensing tip with an integrated force sensor. The probe device measures the bioelectric conductance value from a patient for therapeutic and/or diagnostic purpose using the spring-loaded sensing tip. In addition, the probe device measures the force applied by the spring-loaded sensing tip against the patient using the integrated force sensor. Using feedback from the force sensor and the bioconductive data of the patient, the force applied at the spring-loaded sensing tip may be adjusted to obtain improved results.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for capturing and assessing bioelectric measurements. A method includes receiving a skin resistance measurement for a skin site of a user from an electrodermal sensor and determining a standard skin conductivity value. The method includes calculating a compensation factor for the user based at least in part on the skin resistance measurement and the standard skin conductivity value.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a body cavity shape of a subject is reconstructed based on intrabody measurements of voltages by an intrabody probe (for example, a catheter probe) moving within a plurality of differently-oriented electromagnetic fields crossing the body cavity. In some embodiments, the method uses distances between electrodes as a spatially calibrated ruler. Positions of measurements made with the intrabody probe in different positions are optionally related by using spatial coherence of the measured electromagnetic fields as a constraint. Optionally, reconstruction is performed without using a detailed reference (image or simulation) describing the body cavity shape. Optionally, reconstruction uses further information to refine and/or constrain the reconstruction; for example: images, simulations, additional electromagnetic fields, and/or measurements characteristic of body cavity landmarks. Optionally, reconstruction accounts for time-dependent cavity shape changes, for example, phasic changes (e.g.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides apparatuses and methods for measuring sub-epidermal moisture as an indication of tissue viability and providing information regarding the location of a boundary of non-viable tissue.

Abstract: Disclosed are catheter systems and methods of using the catheter system to acquire mucosal impedance data of a patient. Also disclosed are methods of classifying or otherwise identifying esophageal conditions in a subject based on mucosal impedance data acquired using a catheter system. Unlike conventions systems that require subjective input from a physician to render a diagnosis, the systems and methods described herein can utilize the mucosal impedance measurements to generate a probability that the subject's esophagus corresponds to an esophageal condition or a set of esophageal conditions. In one embodiment, a classification model is used to generate the probability. The classification model may generate the probability based at least in part on a change in the mucosal impedance measurements between a distal location and a proximal location on the subject's esophagus.

Abstract: A method and a device for determining an estimation value of the body weight of a person, in which at least one measurement value typical for a biological impedance measurement is determined and transmitted to an evaluation unit. The evaluation unit processes the measurement value together with individual or several individual data of the person as well as taking into consideration statistical data concerning other persons, in order to determine an estimated value for the weight of the person.

Abstract: A system includes physiologic sensors and devices. The physiologic sensors sense human physiologic data and the system processes and transmits signals representing the physiologic data. The physiologic data represent at least one physiologic parameter, such as heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, body temperature, blood chemistry, other blood constituents, muscle contraction, movement, activity, speech, and brain waves. The system also determines that a device and an object are in proximity to each other, and secures physiologic data at times when the device and object are in proximity to each other, in order to correlate a person's physiologic state while in proximity with or while using the object.

Abstract: Some aspects of this disclosure include systems, methods, and/or computed readable media that may be used to generate crowd-based results based on measurements of affective response of users. In some embodiments described herein, sensors are used to take measurements of affective response of at least ten users who have a certain experience. The measurements may include various values indicative of physiological signals and/or behavioral cues of the at least ten users. Some examples of experiences mentioned herein include going on vacations, eating in restaurants, and utilizing various products. User interfaces are configured to receive data describing a score computed based on the measurements of the at least ten users, which represents the affective response of the at least ten users to having the certain experience. The user interfaces may be used to report the score (e.g., to a user who may be interested in having the certain experience).

Abstract: Some embodiments are directed to a method for quantitative visualization of uterine strain. The method includes receiving a number of 2D or 3D image frames acquired via an imaging technique and selecting a number of confidential points, determining the orientation of the uterus using the confidential points, selecting a region of interest, generating a grid of tracking points inside the region of interest and tracking and estimating the displacement of tracking points between frames. From a varying distance between each couple or set of tracking points, a strain is calculated. The orientation of the grid of tracking points and of the calculated strain is dependent on the determined orientation of the uterus.

Abstract: A clamp electrode apparatus comprises first and second clamps which are mechanically connected to form a single integrated device and arranged side by side such that a first edge of the first clamp faces a second edge of the second clamp. A channel is defined between the first and second edges for aligning a visible mark feature of a limb, such as a malleolus or ulnar head, within the opening or channel when the first and second clamps clamp the limb. When the limb is clamped with the clamp electrode apparatus multiple times, the visible mark feature can be aligned with reference to the channel. Thus, electrodes attached to the clamps contact generally the same locations even if the clamp electrode apparatus is removed after each measurement and is not kept on the limb throughout the multiple measurements.

Abstract: The present technique relates to an information processing apparatus, an information processing method, a program, and a sensing apparatus that each enable determination as to the state of the inside of a living body. The information processing apparatus applies a calculation algorism in accordance with a transient model that presents functions that a living body to be measured has, to measurement data of a transient response obtained from the living body, calculates an unknown parameter of parameters relating to the transient model, and thereby enables determination as to the state of the inside of the living body. The present technique is applicable to, for example, an information processing apparatus that calculates the quantum yield of photosynthesis of a plant.

Abstract: Systems and methods of monitoring electrodermal activity (EDA) in human subjects suitable for use in wearable electronic devices. An EDA monitoring system can include first and second dry electrodes, an alternating current (AC) excitation signal source, a trans-impedance amplifier, an analog-to-digital (A-to-D) converter, a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processor, and a microprocessor. The AC excitation signal source can produce an AC excitation signal having a predetermined excitation frequency, such as about 100 or 120 Hertz (Hz). The analog-to-digital (A-to-D) converter can include a sample-and-hold circuit that operates at a predetermined sampling frequency, such as about four times (4×) the predetermined excitation frequency of 100 or 120 Hz. The DFT processor can generate complex frequency domain representations of digitized, sampled voltage level sequences provided by the A-to-D converter for use in obtaining measures of a user's skin impedance or skin conductance.

Abstract: A device for delivery of electrical pulses to a desired tissue of a mammal. The device comprises a pulse generating device and an electrode device connected to the pulse generating device. The pulse generating device is configured to determine conductance and phase angle values between one electrode and a reference electrode of the electrode device when the electrode device is inserted into the desired tissue and when pulses based on alternating currents having different frequencies are generated between the electrode and the reference electrode. Based on the determined conductance and phase angle values, the pulse generating device is configured to determine the type of tissue the electrode device penetrates, to determine one or more parameters of electrical pulses to be delivered to the desired tissue and to generate the electrical pulses having the determined one or more parameters.

Abstract: A sensor is configured for measuring skin conductance. An amplifier is used to convert the skin conductance into an analog output voltage which is then converted into the digital domain by an analog-to-digital converter, so that an increase in the tonic skin conductance and the phasic skin conductance response are obtained in the digital domain. The amplifier has a non-linear logarithmic gain, with a decreasing gain for increasing skin conductance values. The sensor enables detection of increases in both tonic and phasic signals over a wide range of skin conductance. This allows the use of a lower resolution, and therefore lower cost, analog-to-digital converter.

Abstract: A catheter including an elongated shaft having a distal end and a proximal end, where the catheter includes a thermal element at the distal end thereof. The thermal element may be used in an ablation procedure or other procedure to heat a tissue adjacent a vessel. In some instances, the thermal element may be positioned in a first vessel and may operate to heat tissue adjacent a second vessel or adjacent an ostium between the first vessel and the second vessel. Further, the catheter may include an expandable portion on which the thermal element may be connected or positioned. The expandable portion(s) may comprise a basket or cage, a balloon, a memory shape and formable portion, and/or other mechanical expanders.

Abstract: A power supply fault monitoring system can be configured to monitor for repetitive faulting of a power supply and to inhibit the power supply if repetitive faulting or a sufficiently long fault is detected. The system can include an input voltage monitor module configured to monitor input voltage to the power supply and output an input voltage status signal, an output voltage monitor module configured to monitor output voltage from the power supply and configured to output an output voltage status signal, and a fault monitor module operatively connected to the input voltage monitor module and the output voltage monitor module to receive the input voltage status signal and the output voltage status signal.

Abstract: A data transmitter includes: a plurality of parallel driver slices, a first slice of the plurality of parallel driver slices having a first signal generator circuit with a first transistor coupled to a data signal and in series with a second transistor coupled to a first bias signal; and a first bias circuit including a third transistor and a fourth transistor in series with a first current source, the first bias circuit further including a first operational amplifier (op amp) having a first input coupled to a first reference voltage and a second input coupled between the fourth transistor and the first current source, an output of the first op amp configured to provide the first bias signal to the second transistor and to the third transistor.

Abstract: A device for simultaneously acquiring electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, impedance plethysmogram (IPG) signals, ballistocardiogram (BCG) signals, and weight measurements through feet of a user. The device includes an electrically-conductive surface for contacting feet of the user and supporting weight of the user during use. The device also includes one or more force sensors for detecting forces and force variations across the electrically-conductive surface, electronics for processing electrical signals generated and/or detected from the electrically conductive surface, signals from the set of force sensors, and a base containing the electronics. The base is structurally coupled to the electrically-conductive surface by a set of conductive fasteners that transmit signals from the electrically-conductive surface to the electronics. The device can also include an integrated display for providing health insights to the user.

Abstract: System and apparatus for measuring biopotential and implementation thereof. A device for mitigating electromagnetic interference (EMI) thereby increasing signal-to-noise ratio is disclosed. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to an elegant, novel circuit for measuring a plurality of biopotentials in useful in a variety of medical applications. This allows for robust, portable, low-power, higher S/N devices which have historically required a much bigger footprint.

Abstract: A contact state estimating device includes: a first and a second electrode brought into contact with an object to be measured; a direct current voltage supply unit; a signal switching unit configured to switch a first pathway through which the direct current voltage supply unit supplies direct current voltage to the first electrode and an output signal from the second electrode is output and a second pathway through which the direct current voltage supply unit supplies direct current voltage to the second electrode and an output signal from the first electrode is output to each other; and a contact state estimating unit configured to estimate a contact state of the first electrode or the second electrode with the object, based on the output signal acquired at a timing at which a pulse noise is anticipated to occur in association with switching between the first pathway and the second pathway.

Abstract: Systems and methods for bioimpedance measurement are provided. An example system includes a strap for carrying a smart watch on a wrist of a user, a bioimpedance measurement module, and an acoustic generator embedded into the strap. The bioimpedance measurement module is configured to measure an impedance of a tissue of the user. The acoustic generator is further configured to generate an acoustic signal modulated to carry data including the impedance. The acoustic signal can be sensed by an acoustic sensor of the smart watch. The smart watch may include an application for sensing the acoustic signal and for converting the sensed acoustic signal into a value for the impedance.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to an apparatus for non-invasively estimating bio-information is provided. An apparatus for estimating bio-information may include a sensor part including a pixel array of pixels, each pixel having a light source and a detector; and a processor configured to, based on an object being in contact with the sensor part, drive the sensor part based on a first sensor configuration; obtain contact information of the object based on an amount of light received by each pixel according to the first sensor configuration; determine a second sensor configuration based on the contact information; drive the sensor part based on the second sensor configuration; and estimate the bio-information based on light signals obtained according to the second sensor configuration.

Abstract: A body fat measurement apparatus, according to the present invention, comprises: an electrode unit which has a plurality of electrodes and can be worn around the body of the subject to be measured; a first measurement unit which is for obtaining a three-dimensional image of the subject's body part to be measured; a second measurement unit which is for measuring the impedance by means of injecting a current into the electrodes; and a control unit which is for restoring the conductivity and permittivity images of the subject by means of the three-dimensional image and the impedance value and thus separately calculating the amount of subcutaneous fat and visceral fat. According to the present invention, measurement accuracy of the subcutaneous fat and visceral fat can be improved even at a low cost.

Abstract: A method and a system are disclosed for extracting important signal information. The method examines a group of signals obtained from testing of a patient's nervous system and finds a signal area of interest. Once a cluster of signals that all have the area of interest is found—the system concludes that the area of interest is located and validated. Signals that are not within the cluster are rejected and the signals within the cluster are signal-averaged to yield a signal-averaged waveform. The signal averaged waveform represents the results of the test.

Abstract: An augmented reality system includes an augmented reality display system; and processing circuitry in communication with the augmented reality display system. The processing circuity configured to receive, from a mapping system, data associated with a subject's anatomical feature; receive, from a navigation system, an indication of a position of a treatment device within the subject's anatomical feature; and display, via the augmented reality display system, a virtual organ object and at least one of the data associated with the subject's anatomical feature and the indication of the position of the treatment device within the subject's anatomical feature overlaying a real-world environment viewable by a user via the augmented reality display system.

Abstract: Disclosed are an image monitoring apparatus and method for displaying a lung ventilation impedance image and a lung perfusion impedance image based on impedance data measured at a thorax of a subject, and a reference image based on a biometric signal, in which impedance data based on voltage measured at the thorax of the subject is separated into lung ventilation impedance data and lung perfusion impedance data, and dynamic bloodstream change data in a heart and blood vessels by electrical impedance tomography (EIT); and a lung ventilation impedance image, a lung perfusion impedance image, and a heart and blood vessel impedance image, which are obtained by the separation, and a reference image based on a biometric signal sensed at a part of the subject targeted to be examined are displayed according to a pathological condition of the subject.

Abstract: A garment including a breath sensor module. The breath sensor module includes a stretchable sensor configured to respond to at least one of expansion and contraction of a torso of an individual wearing the garment. The breath sensor module also may include an electronics module. The electronics module includes, for example, a processor and a haptic feedback device. In response to the processor determining that the individual's breathing meets predetermined criteria based on the response of the stretchable sensor, the haptic feedback device produces haptic feedback such that the individual is reminded to breathe. Further, the breath sensor module does not include a transmitter or a receiver configured to transmit or receive data outside of the breath sensor module. Advantageously, this allows for streamlined use, and less-intrusive reminders to the individual wearing the garment, without the complexities of signal transmission or receiving.

Abstract: Devices and methods for improving device therapy such as cardiac resynchronization therapy by determining a value for a device parameter are described. An ambulatory medical device (AMD) can include a sensor circuit to sense a physiological signal and generate two or more signal metrics, and detect an event of worsening cardiac condition using the two or more signal metrics. In response to the detection of worsening cardiac condition, the AMD can determine, for a stimulator, a value of at least one stimulation parameter based on temporal responses of two or more signal metrics. The temporal responses include near-term and long-term responses to the stimulation. The AMD can program the stimulator with the determined parameter value, and generate stimulation according to the determined parameter value to stimulate target tissue.

Abstract: Method and systems are provided for monitoring neuromuscular blockade in patients during surgical procedures. The system and method utilizes a stimulator to provide stimulation to a nerve of the patient, such as train-of-four (TOF). Following such stimulation, the system and method monitors for muscle twitch reaction and, based upon the monitored muscle twitches, the system and method creates a neuromuscular blocking trend curve. The neuromuscular blocking trend curve provides an estimated time of recovery for the patient and provides the estimated recovery time to a clinician. The estimated recovery time allows the clinician to modify treatment of the patient to accelerate recovery if required.

Abstract: A sinus treatment device and methods of operating the sinus treatment device that includes a conductive tip and at least one return electrode are disclosed.

Abstract: Single injection methods for obtaining conductance measurements within luminal organs using impedance devices. In at least one method embodiment, the method is performed by introducing at least part of an impedance device into a mammalian luminal organ, the impedance device comprising an elongated body and a detector positioned along the elongated body, obtaining conductance measurements indicative of a fluid native to the mammalian luminal organ and indicative of a fluid injection while the detector is present within and outside of the lumen of the outer sheath, and calculating a size parameter of the mammalian luminal organ based in part upon some of the obtained conductance measurements.

Abstract: Handheld steering devices for use with intravascular devices and associated systems and methods are disclosed. In some instances, the handheld steering device includes a housing sized and shaped for grasping by a hand of a user, the housing including a proximal portion and a distal portion, wherein the distal portion includes an opening sized and shaped to receive an intravascular device; an adaptor positioned within the opening of the housing, the adaptor including a bore sized and shaped to allow a proximal end of the intravascular device to pass therethrough; a steering controller coupled to the housing; and an actuator positioned within the housing and in communication with the steering controller, the actuator interfacing with the proximal end of the intravascular device based on inputs to the steering controller to steer a distal end of the intravascular device. Associated systems and methods are also disclosed.