Abstract: Medical devices and methods for making and using medical devices are disclosed. An example method may include a method of identifying an activation time in a cardiac electrical signal. The method may include sensing a cardiac electrical signal, generating an approximation signal based at least in part on one or more parameters of the cardiac electrical signal, identifying a fiducial point on the approximation signal and determining, based at least in part on a timing of the fiducial point in the approximation signal, an activation time in the cardiac electrical signal.

Abstract: Provided is a body composition measurement device capable of accurately acquiring visceral fat quantity-related information as body composition-related information of a human body. A body composition measurement device has a voltage detection unit that detects a voltage that occurs at a human-body-mimic resistor in order to measure a resistance value of a compensating resistor unit and detects a voltage that occurs at voltage measurement electrode pair as a result of current that is generated by a current generation unit and that is supplied to the abdomen of the subject via the current supply electrode pair, and a calculation unit that generates body composition-related information for the subject on the basis of the voltage occurring at the voltage measurement electrode pair and the voltage generated at the human-body-mimic resistor, which have been detected by the voltage detection unit.

Abstract: A needle system for use by physical therapist in intramuscular stimulation procedures. A cylindrical non-conducting grip is located at a needle second end of a linear needle. A needle first end is pointed. An electrical connecting node is located on a needle between the needle first end and the needle second end. A second grip may be disposed on the needle such that the electrical connecting node is positioned in between the first and second grips. The electrical connecting node is operatively connected to the needle. A device generating electrical impulses is operatively connected to the electrical connecting node.

Abstract: System and methods for adjusting electrical therapy based on impedance changes are disclosed herein. A method in accordance with a particular embodiment includes applying a therapeutic electrical signal to a patient via an implanted portion of a patient stimulation system that includes a signal delivery device in electrical communication with a target neural population of the patient. The electrical signal is delivered in accordance with a signal delivery parameter having a first value. Using the implanted portion of the patient stimulation system, a change in an impedance of an electrical circuit that includes the signal delivery device is detected. Based at least in part on the detected impedance change, the method can further include automatically adjusting the value of the signal delivery parameter from the first value to a second value different from the first, without human intervention.

Abstract: A system and method for communicating data and signals through the Medical Implant Communication Service Band using a repeater or base station in the proximity to an implantable device within a patient is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, the device is capable for early detection and monitoring of congestive heart failure in a patient. Impedance measurements, or other health parameters depending on the type of implantable device or sensor used, are sent using a bi-directional low-power radio operating in the MICS band to a nearby base station which may provide signal processing and analysis. The base station may have an interface to one or more communications networks to connect to a remote location. The system and method of the present invention permits a healthcare professional to monitor an ambulatory patient's condition at a remote location and to program the implanted device.

Abstract: A method and device for providing isolated power transfer to a low-power load across a capacitor of a series resonance circuit are shown. The method includes comparing an output voltage received via a feedback loop with a desired output voltage. Responsive to determining that the output voltage is not equal to the desired output voltage, the method determines a sub-harmonic order of the resonant frequency of the series resonance circuit to use as a switching frequency and switches the series resonance circuit at substantially the determined subharmonic order of the resonant frequency.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides apparatuses and computer readable media for measuring sub-epidermal moisture in patients to determine damaged tissue for clinical intervention. The present disclosure also provides methods for determining damaged tissue.

Abstract: An example method may be performed by a wearable computing device (WCD) that includes a bone conduction transducer (BCT). The method includes providing, to the BCT, an input signal that represents audio content. The method further includes sensing a time-varying voltage of the input signal and a time-varying current of the input signal. The method further includes determining an operating mode based on the time-varying voltage and the time-varying current. The method further includes processing the audio content according to the determined operating mode and using the processed audio content to continue providing the input signal to the BCT.

Abstract: An EIT system 1 adapted to detect internal bleeding in a body portion, the EIT system 1 comprising a plurality of electrodes 3 adapted in use to extend in a substantially linear orientation across one side only of the body portion and to be applied in electrical contact with the skin of the body portion, a current source adapted to cyclically apply an electric current between one pair of the electrodes 3, a voltage measuring means to measure the voltage across each of the other pairs of the electrodes resulting from the current, a data collection system 2 and a data analysis system 4 to analyze data resulting from the voltages that are measured by the voltage measuring means, wherein the analysis system 4 is configured to obtain quantitative information related to amounts and rates of conductive tissue changes occurring in the body, based on an EIT analysis equivalent to that obtained from data derived from electrodes spaced around the full perimeter of the body portion.

Abstract: An EIT system 1 adapted to detect internal bleeding in a body portion, the EIT system 1 comprising a plurality of electrodes 3 adapted in use to extend in a substantially linear orientation across one side only of the body portion and to be applied in electrical contact with the skin of the body portion, a current source adapted to cyclically apply an electric current between one pair of the electrodes 3, a voltage measuring means to measure the voltage across each of the other pairs of the electrodes resulting from the current, a data collection system 2 and a data analysis system 4 to analyze data resulting from the voltages that are measured by the voltage measuring means, wherein the analysis system 4 is configured to obtain quantitative information related to amounts and rates of conductive tissue changes occurring in the body, based on an EIT analysis equivalent to that obtained from data derived from electrodes spaced around the full perimeter of the body portion.

Abstract: A trace of a bounded liveness failure of a system component is received, by one or more processors, along with fairness constraints and liveness assertion conditions. One or more processors generate randomized values for unassigned input values and register values, of the trace, and simulate traversal of each of a sequence of states of the trace. One or more processors determine whether traversing the sequence of states of the trace results in a repetition of a state, and responsive to determining that traversing the sequence of states of the trace does result in a repetition of a state, and the set of fairness constraints are asserted within the repetition of a state, and that the continuous liveness assertion conditions are maintained throughout the repetition of the state, a concrete counterexample of a liveness property of the system component is reported.

Abstract: Physiological monitoring can be provided through an actigraphy sensor imbedded into an electrocardiography monitor, which correlates movement and electrocardiographic data. Physiological monitoring can be provided through a wearable monitor that includes two components, a flexible extended wear electrode patch and a removable reusable monitor recorder. The wearable monitor sits centrally on the patient's chest along the sternum. The patient can place an electrode patch anywhere within the general region of the sternum. The occurrence of actigraphy events are monitored by the monitor recorder through an actigraphy sensor. Actigraphy becomes a recordable actigraphy event occurrence when the movement of the wearable monitor and, therefore, the patient, exceeds a certain criteria threshold of acceleration or deceleration as detected by the actigraphy sensor.

Abstract: An EIT device has a plurality of electrodes (4) that can be arranged on a body in order to reconstruct the impedance distribution of the body with a reconstruction algorithm. The control unit (10) of the EIT device is set up by suitable programming to continuously determine at least one property (e1, . . . , eM) each from the measured signals (U1, . . . , UM) of all measuring channels and to correct measured signals of the measuring channels on the basis of the properties or to adapt the reconstruction algorithm on the basis of the properties.

Abstract: A method of determining an indication of the hydration status relating to a subject. The method includes determining a measured impedance value for at least one body segment, and then; for each body segment, using the measured impedance values to determine at least one indicator at least partially indicative of a level of extracellular fluid. Indicators can then be used to determine an indication of the hydration status.

Abstract: A method and system for extracting important signal information is disclosed. The method examines a group of signals obtained from testing of a patient's nervous system and finds a signal area of interest. Once a cluster of signals that all have the area of interest is found—the system concludes that the area of interest is located and validated. Signals that are not within the cluster are rejected and the signals within the cluster are signal-averaged to yield a signal-averaged waveform. The signal averaged waveform represents the results of the test.

Abstract: The apparatus for the non-invasive glucose detection comprises an electrical detection device (2) for measuring the response of the tissue or blood to an electric field at low frequencies below 1 MHz and at high frequencies above 10 MHz. The former is primarily dominated by skin hydration and sweat, while the latter contains contributions from the current glucose level. Combining the two signals allows an increased degree of accuracy. The apparatus further comprises a force or acceleration sensor (4, 5), which allows to detect the pressure of the apparatus against the skin and/or quick movements. Further sensor modules, such as a temperature sensor (6) or alternative perfusion sensor (7), improve the accuracy of the measured result.

Abstract: A system for positioning of a naso/orogastric feeding tube. The system comprises an interface adapted to receive a combined impedance measure comprising a plurality of impedance readings from a plurality of impedance sensors disposed in a plurality of segments along a lateral surface of a naso/orogastric feeding tube; wherein one of the plurality of segments is located to be at least 1 centimeters above another of the plurality of segments when the naso/orogastric feeding tube is in a feeding position, a code store for storing a code, a processor coupled to the interface and the program store for implementing the stored code, the code comprising code to calculate an estimation of a position of the naso/orogastric feeding tube according to the combined impedance measure, and code to generate instructions for a caregiver to relocate the naso/orogastric feeding tube according to the estimation.

Abstract: An integrated catheter placement system for accurately placing a catheter within a patient's vasculature is disclosed. In one embodiment, the integrated system comprises a system console, a tip location sensor for temporary placement on the patient's chest, and an ultrasound probe. The tip location sensor senses a magnetic field of a stylet disposed in a lumen of the catheter when the catheter is disposed in the vasculature. The ultrasound probe ultrasonically images a portion of the vasculature prior to intravascular introduction of the catheter. The ultrasound probe includes user input controls for controlling use of the ultrasound probe in an ultrasound mode and use of the tip location sensor in a tip location mode. In another embodiment, ECG signal-based catheter tip guidance is included in the integrated system to enable guidance of the catheter tip to a desired position with respect to a node of the patient's heart.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing medical treatment includes a tool portion configured to operate relative to bone tissue, a handle portion to operate the tool portion, and a nerve monitoring system to detect neural elements. The tool portion includes an insulated shaft comprised of an electrically conductive member and a non-insulated tip. The shaft carries an electrical signal to the non-insulated tip. The handle portion, which is removably and operably connected to the tool portion, incorporates an operating system to rotationally operate the tool portion. Additionally, the nerve monitoring system is linked to the tip and is operable to detect a neural element as a function of a characteristic of the electrical signal on the tip. Upon detection of a neural element, the nerve monitoring system provides a signal to the operating system of the handle portion directing the operating system stop rotation of the tool portion.

Abstract: Assessing decongestive therapy delivered to a heart failure patient involves use of an implantable sensor configured to sense a physiologic parameter indicative of the patient's diuresis status and a processor coupled to the implantable sensor. The sensor may comprise a thoracic fluid sensor, a heart sounds sensor, a cardiac chamber or arterial pressure sensor, a respiration sensor, or a blood chemistry sensor, for example. The processor is configured to determine if a target level of patient diuresis has been achieved based on a relationship between the sensed physiologic parameter and a threshold developed for the patient, and to produce an output in response to determining that the target level of patient diuresis has been achieved. The processor may be disposed in an implantable housing, in a patient-external housing, or in a network server system.

Abstract: Among others, the present invention provides micro-devices for detecting or treating a disease, each comprising a first micro sensor for detecting a property of the biological sample at the microscopic level, and an interior wall defining a channel, wherein the micro sensor is located in the interior wall of the micro-device and detects the property of the biological sample in the microscopic level, and the biological sample is transported within the channel.

Abstract: A method and system are provided to determine fill sufficiency of a biosensor test chamber by determining capacitance of the test chamber in which an electrochemical reaction is initiated in the test chamber and an oscillating voltage of a predetermined frequency is applied to the chamber. A phase angle between a current output and the oscillating voltage from the chamber is determined and the capacitance is calculated based on a product of the current output and a sine of the phase angle divided by a product of two times pi times the frequency and the voltage.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an electrophysiological analysis system including: a series of electrodes intended to be placed in different regions of the human body; a direct current voltage source; a control device adapted (i) to selectively apply direct current pulses, generated by the voltage source, to a pair of so-called active electrodes, the active electrodes forming an anode and a cathode, and (ii) to connect at least one other so-called passive electrode with high-impedance, the electrode measuring the potential reached by the body; and a measurement device arranged to obtain data representative of the current at the cathode and the potentials on at least some of the electrodes connected with high impedance, in response to the application of the pulses, which data can be used to determine a value for the electrochemical conductance of the skin.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, a medical instrument comprises an elongate body having a proximal end and a distal end and a pair of electrodes or electrode portions (for example, a split-tip electrode assembly). Systems and methods are described herein that perform contact sensing and/or ablation confirmation based on electrical measurements obtained while energy of different frequencies are applied to the pair of electrodes or electrode portions. The contact sensing systems and methods may calibrate network parameter measurements to compensate for a hardware unit in a network parameter measurement circuit or to account for differences in cables, instrumentation or hardware used.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to simplify information obtained through electrical impedance tomography, the method comprising the steps of data collection through electrical impedance tomography and the respective processing thereof; the application of at least one algorithm to detect conditions, trends and specific events, so as to allow the identification of at least one region of interest as well as the production of an image including at least such region, which can be pre-defined or defined by the user. The graphical representation of the region of interest can be obtained through the use of a color, texture, figure, contour, etc. The data processed can consist of the impedance values or data derived thereof.

Abstract: An electrical impedance measuring apparatus includes: a plurality of electrodes adhered to a periphery of a chest; a potential measurer configured to perform a process of applying a current to any ones of the electrodes, and measuring potentials by means of other electrodes; an impedance acquirer, based on the applied current and the potentials measured by the potential measurer, configured to obtain an impedance of each of meshes, a chest section divided into the meshes; a histogram producer configured to set, in the chest section, at least one ROI including from a ventral side to a dorsal side, and configured to obtain a histogram of an impedance distribution in the ROI; and a producer configured to produce a color impedance distribution map in which amplitudes of the histogram are replaced with corresponding colors.

Abstract: A device (10, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90) is used to apply an electric pulse or spike to a patient to treat the patient. The device can have a series of preset treatments programmed therein. A user can select a treatment from menus displayed on a display (100). The impedance of the skin and underlying tissue to be treated can be measured prior to the treatment to locate active areas on the skin for treatment. A variety of probes can be used with the device, with the device automatically detecting the type of probe attached. Multiple electrodes can be used on the probe, which allows the active areas in contact with the probe to be identified prior to treatment to allow the treatment to concentrate on the active areas.

Abstract: The invention provides a monitor for measuring blood pressure and other vital signs from a patient without using a cuff. The invention provides a hand-held device for measuring vital signs (e.g.

Abstract: A method for use in analyzing impedance measurements on a subject is described. The method can include, in a processing system, determining at least one impedance value at each of a number of frequencies, each impedance value representing the impedance of a segment of the subject, determining a dispersion parameter value indicative of a dispersion of the impedance values and, determining an indicator based at least on part on the dispersion parameter value.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for removing targeted lesions from vessels. In at least one embodiment of a device for removing a stenotic lesion from a vessel, the device comprises a sizing portion capable of measuring a luminal size parameter when at least part of the device is positioned within a lumen of a luminal organ, a typing portion, wherein at least part of the at least one typing portion is capable of physically touching a portion of the luminal organ or a structure therein, and a treatment portion capable of removing at least part of a stenotic lesion from the luminal organ.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an analysis circuit and a controller. The analysis circuit may be configured to automatically make a plurality of segmental bioelectrical resistance and reactance measurements using permutations of a plurality of electrodes selected four at a time. The plurality of electrodes are configured to be attached to predetermined locations on a body of a subject. The controller may be configured to (i) calculate a plurality of segmental body composition values using the plurality of segmental bioelectrical resistance and reactance measurements, a number of predetermined coefficients, and a number of predictive equations, and (ii) generate a report presenting the plurality of segmental body composition values and a total body composition value. The number of predetermined coefficients are stored in a lookup table. Each of the segmental body composition values when added sum to a value essentially equal to respective whole body composition values.

Abstract: Disclosed is a tactile sensing and integrated vision system that surmounts problems of existing systems. The tactile sensing skin can be formed into any shape, size, or form factor, including large areas. Computer-implemented algorithms can detect position-orientation and force-torque at landmark points for a given object set. The result is a modular sensing system that is highly scalable in terms of price, quantity, size and applications. Such skin technology and associated software can comprise a sensing package that integrates tactile and visual data with accompanying software for state estimation, situational awareness, and automatic control of machinery. The addition of tactile data can serve to constrain and/or augment visual pose estimation methods as well as provide pose estimation to visually occluded objects.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the invention enable low-power accurate measurement of complex impedance at a range of frequencies of interest to determine a frequency response of a test sample. The system requires only a few external precision components that are not integrated into a microprocessor, thereby, providing a low-cost alternative to existing designs. In certain embodiments, low-power operation is accomplished by utilizing a simplified digital signal processing scheme that requires only a small number of ADC samples. Measurement accuracy is achieved by a digital conversion to baseband that does not suffer from channel matching issues and by utilizing a single analog path.

Abstract: Methods for distinguishing between an aqueous non-blood sample (e.g., a control solution) and a blood sample are provided herein. In one aspect, the method includes using a test strip in which multiple current transients are measured by a meter electrically connected to an electrochemical test strip. The current transients are used to determine if a sample is a blood sample or an aqueous non-blood sample based on characteristics of the sample (e.g., amount of interferent present, reaction kinetics, and/or capacitance). The method can also include calculating a discrimination criteria based upon these characteristics. Various aspects of a system for distinguishing between a blood sample and an aqueous non-blood sample are also provided herein.

Abstract: Methods for distinguishing between an aqueous non-blood sample (e.g., a control solution) and a blood sample are provided herein. In one aspect, the method includes using a test strip in which multiple current transients are measured by a meter electrically connected to an electrochemical test strip. The current transients are used to determine if a sample is a blood sample or an aqueous non-blood sample based on characteristics of the sample (e.g., amount of interferent present, reaction kinetics, and/or capacitance). The method can also include calculating a discrimination criteria based upon these characteristics. Various aspects of a system for distinguishing between a blood sample and an aqueous non-blood sample are also provided herein.

Abstract: Devices, systems, kits and methods for increasing the skin's permeability controlled by measured skin electrical parameter are described herein. They may be used for transdermal drug delivery and/or analyte extraction or measurement. The controlled abrasion device contains (i) a hand piece, (ii) an abrasive tip, (iii) a feedback control mechanism, (iv) two or more electrodes, and (v) an electrical motor. The feedback control mechanism may be an internal feedback control mechanism or an external feedback control. The kit contains the controlled abrasion-device, one or more abrasive tips, optionally with a wetting fluid. The method for increasing the skin's permeability requires applying the controlled abrasion device to a portion of the skin's surface for a short period of time, until the desired level of permeability is reached. Then the abrasion device is removed, and a drug delivery composition or device or an analyte sensor is applied to the treated site.

Abstract: An electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor includes a motion artifact detector configured to detect a motion artifact component from a first channel signal of a first channel and a second channel signal of a second channel using a channel offset coefficient. The channel offset coefficient indicates a difference between the first channel signal and the second channel signal. The ECG sensor includes an ECG filter configured to generate an ECG signal by performing a least mean square (LMS) filtering operation on the first channel signal to remove the motion artifact component.

Abstract: A spinal probe comprises a handle, a shaft coupled to the handle and a force sensor to detect forces applied to a tip of the shaft. A controller that executes a predictive algorithm to predict whether or not the tip of the shaft is going to breach a cortex of a pedicle based on the detected forces. The controller may be embedded within the spinal probe or external within a computer or other device coupled to the probe by a data acquisition component.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for determining the quality of a bone structure, comprising: a body adapted for drilling through the bone structure; a first electrode arranged on the body so as to come into contact with the bone structure during drilling; a second electrode arranged on the body so as to come into contact with the bone structure at a distance from the first electrode during drilling; an electric generator adapted to apply an electric current between the first and second electrodes for a pre-determined period of time; a measuring device adapted (i) to measure the electric current, continuously and over the pre-determined period, an electrical magnitude representative of the aptitude of the bone structure for allowing electric current to pass therethrough and (ii) to deliver, continuously and over the pre-determined period, a signal representative of the quality of the bone structure between the contact surfaces of the first and second electrodes, using the determined electrical magnitude.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to guiding medical care based on detected gastric function. For example, gastric acid stimulant or suppressant is administered, and then a change in the gastric juice H+ concentration is measured. This change is compared to a guidance H+ concentration differential indicative of relatively healthy gastric function. Medical care is guided based on a relatively healthy gastric function if the measured H+ concentration differential is equal to or exceeds the guidance H+ concentration differential, while medical care is guided based on a relatively unhealthy gastric function if the measured H+ concentration differential is less than the guidance H+ concentration differential. Disclosed embodiments implementing this procedure include, but are not limited to, methods, apparatus, processors, computer programs, and computer-readable mediums.

Abstract: A device for measuring impedance of biological tissue may include electrodes and a voltage-to-current converter coupled to the electrodes to drive an alternating current (AC) through the tissue and sense an AC voltage. The converter may include an amplifier having first and second inputs and an output, a first voltage divider coupled to the first input, a second voltage divider coupled to the second input, a filter capacitor coupled between the output and the second voltage divider, a current limiting resistor coupled between the second input the second voltage divider, and a bypass capacitor coupled to the second input of the amplifier and in parallel with the resistor. A single-ended amplitude modulation (AM) demodulator may demodulate the AC voltage and generate a corresponding baseband voltage representing the impedance. The device may also include an output circuit to generate output signals representative of DC and AC components of the baseband voltage.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is a wearable electronic device, comprising: a first sensor configured to sense a movement of the electronic device; a second sensor configured to sense a biological signal for a user wearing the electronic device; and a processor configured to compute a movement value of the electronic device using the first sensor, to detect a resting state when the movement value lasts within a predetermined first threshold range during a first time period, and to configure biological information of the user based on a biological signal measured after detection of the resting state.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the instance disclosure are assessing a fitness of a user using a weighing scale apparatus. Specific embodiments concern an arrangement of devices configured and arranged to monitor physiological parameters while the user is standing on a platform region of the device, and communicate an assessed fitness to the user as feedback. Further specific embodiments concern methods of monitoring physiological parameters of a user using the apparatus, assessing the fitness of the user based on one or more of the physiological parameters, and communicating the assessed fitness to the user as feedback.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for correcting an impedance measured by a sensor included in a wearable device are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, the methods includes: measuring, from an image including the wearable device and arms of a user, a first angle between a straight line connecting a left elbow joint of the user and a camera device for photographing the image and a straight line connecting the left elbow joint and the wearable device, a second angle between a straight line connecting the left elbow joint and the wearable device and a straight line connecting the wearable device and a right elbow joint of the user, a third angle between a straight line connecting the right elbow joint and the wearable device and a straight line connecting the right elbow joint and the camera device, and a fourth angle between a straight line connecting the right elbow joint and the camera device and a straight line connecting the left elbow joint and the camera device.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an automated system comprises one or more biometric sensors, an interactive screen, and an exercise routine generation application communicable with a mobile application. In some embodiments, the mobile application receives data from an automated station and displays exercise routines, other exercise information, or both. In some embodiments, the mobile application includes a scanner to scan labels, other indicia, or physical or other features of an exercise machine or other exercise apparatus to identify the machine or apparatus. In some embodiments, the mobile application communicates with one or more local or remote databases identifying differing exercise facility locations within a geographic area and identifying exercise apparatus available in each of the differing facilities.

Abstract: An example system and method of reconstructing cardiac activation information are disclosed. In accordance therewith, there are accessed pairs of cardiac signals out of a plurality of cardiac signals obtained from a patient. The pairs have a first cardiac signal that is common among the pairs and second cardiac signals that are different among the pairs. The first cardiac signal and the second cardiac signals of the pairs are processed to identify points of change in the first cardiac signal at which a derivative of the first cardiac signal diverges with respect to derivatives of the second cardiac signals. An activation onset time is assigned at a point in the first cardiac signal based on correspondence of the points of change to define a cardiac activation indicating a beat.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an automated system comprises one or more biometric sensors, an interactive screen, and an exercise routine generation application communicable with a mobile application. In some embodiments, the mobile application receives data from an automated station and displays exercise routines, other exercise information, or both. In some embodiments, the mobile application includes a scanner to scan labels, other indicia, or physical or other features of an exercise machine or other exercise apparatus to identify the machine or apparatus. In some embodiments, the mobile application communicates with one or more local or remote databases identifying differing exercise facility locations within a geographic area and identifying exercise apparatus available in each of the differing facilities.

Abstract: Impedance devices and methods of using the same to obtain luminal organ measurements. In at least one embodiment of an impedance device of the present disclosure, the impedance device comprises an elongated body having a distal body end, and a first electrode located along the elongated body at or near the distal body end, the first electrode configured to obtain one or more conductance values within a mammalian luminal organ within an electric field, wherein a measured parameter of the mammalian luminal organ can be calculated based in part upon the one or more conductance values obtained by the first electrode.

Abstract: A medical device and associated method acquire a biopotential signal from a pair of electrodes at a first sampling rate and a bioimpedance signal from the pair of electrodes at a second sampling rate. An onset and/or offset of the drive signal delivered to the pair of electrodes for acquiring the bioimpedance signal is synchronized to the first sampling rate.

Abstract: A system and method for beamforming in soft-field tomography are provided. One soft-field tomography system includes a plurality of transducers configured for positioning proximate a surface of an object and one or more excitation drivers coupled to the plurality of transducers and configured to generate excitation signals for the plurality of transducers. The excitation signals include at least one frequency component. The soft-field tomography system further includes one or more response detectors coupled to the plurality of transducers and configured to measure a response of the object at the plurality of transducers to the excitation applied by the plurality of transducers based on the excitation signals. The soft-field tomography system also includes a soft-field reconstruction module configured to reconstruct a property distribution based on the excitation signals and the measured response using an Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) beamformer.