Abstract: A system for measuring human perception at edges of awareness includes a message transmitter providing embedded pre-semantic messages having a predetermined meaning or a predetermined object representation for visual priming, the messages being embedded within supraliminal information and a sensory monitor for measuring reaction in an individual to the predetermined meaning or predetermined object representation of the embedded pre-semantic messages. A control system receives an input from the sensory monitor, the control system including a real-time feedback control loop altering a perceptibility of the embedded messages with respect to the supraliminal messages as a function of the sensory monitor input.

Abstract: A system and a method for automated, electrophysiological assessment of visual function in glaucoma suspects and patients is provided using visual evoked potentials measured in response to periodic stimuli presented to the patients. The method may be comprised of the steps of entering a patient's information into a computer, initializing a visual stimulus for the patient, recording a plurality of visual evoked potential signals obtained from one or more electrodes attached to the patient's scalp, saving and processing digitized data relating to the visual evoked potential signals, and determining if the likelihood of glaucoma is high or low based on the data.

Abstract: The infant eye trainer is a device that is mountable on a baby bottle for strengthening and developing infant eyesight. The device utilizes interchangeable media producing an image on a display, which may be viewed by the infant while drinking from the bottle. A variety of images designed to improve, strengthen, and facilitate infant eyesight development, both physically and cognitively are selected for display. The device mounts onto the end of a baby bottle, thus placing it within an infant's focal range. The device may also utilize audiovisual stimuli to further develop infant eyesight and cognition.

Abstract: A mentation test method that can test mentation of a human such as conjecture of brain's mentation age, discrimination of early stage of dementia and prediction of onset of dementia in addition to diagnosis of prediction probability of onset of dementia and screening of mental functions of senile dementia patients, decision of the effect of rehabilitation of the aftereffects of cerebrovascular disfunction, investigation of the therapeutic effects of medicines and side effects such as sleepiness, testing of degree of intoxication, testing of peripheral attention visual field, testing of cerebral dominant hemisphere, testing of various psychoneurosis such as schizophrenia and cerebrovascular disorder (syndrome and diagnosis, and decision of the effects of rehabilitation and treatment), and check of the degree of fatigue.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method is characterized by presenting a first pattern of light during a first interval of time: recording a first-pattern response set; presenting a second pattern of light during a second interval of time; recording a second-pattern response set; and assessing visual alertness in response to the first-pattern response set and the second-pattern response set. In one embodiment, a related system includes but is not limited to circuitry and/or programming for effecting the foregoing-referenced method embodiment; the circuitry and/or programming can be virtually any combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware configured to effect the foregoing-referenced method embodiment depending upon the design choices of the system designer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and system for determining the topography for reaction signals of an eye. The reaction signals of cyclic luminous excitations are simultaneously measured on partial surfaces of the retina by using, for each partial surface, another integer number of oscillations in a predetermined time segment. These oscillations are derived from a clock rate. In the time segment, a smaller number of oscillations occur by prolonging a clock pulse by an appointed interval, and a greater number of oscillations occur by shortening the clock pulse by an appointed interval. The cumulative signal recorded on the patient contains the sum of the reaction signals and is digitized in an amplified and filtered manner with the clock pulse for generating the oscillations. The reaction signals of the individual partial surfaces are recovered by cyclic summation.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method of detecting ischemia within the brain of a patient. The method includes assigning a first value to a first signal generated by a tissue on the right-hand side of the body and assigning a second value to a second signal generated by a tissue on the left-hand side of the body. The method also includes comparing the first value and the second value. The difference between the first value and the second value indicates that ischemia is present within the patient's brain.

Abstract: According to the invention, the eye of the subject is lit with light from the non-visible spectrum (infrared light) in such a way that its image, taken with an infrared camera, is of sufficiently high-contrast for an evaluation, so that the actual line of sight can be calculated from the picture based on the characteristics of the eye and that, proceeding from the determined line of sight, the coordinates of the coming optical stimulation can be adjusted in such a way that the intended retinal area is stimulated.

Abstract: A binocular indirect laser ophthalmoscope is provided comprising binocular eyepieces each having an optical axis defining an optical plane, the ophthalmoscope having a central viewing axis lying in the optical plane; and an optical element adapted to position a laser beam into the optical plan substantially on the viewing axis and substantially parallel to the viewing axis.

Abstract: Brain response signals of a user, such as electroencephalogram signals, and in particular visually evoked potential signals that correspond to predetermined illumination patterns, are detected and utilized to ascertain selection of specific functions and/or actions as desired by that user. Sources of illumination that exhibit such patterns are arranged to physically correspond to indicia of such functions and actions to facilitate knowing selection thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for determining shifts in the attentional state of a subject. These methods are useful for diagnosing subjects with a psychological or behavioral disorder. The invention also features methods for determining the effect of a therapy on the overall attentional state and shifts in the attentional state of a subject.

Abstract: Measurements of responses of a subject are performed automatically. The measurements include a sufficient set of measurements to complete a psychological evaluation task or to derive a complete conclusion about a cognitive state, an emotional state, or a socio-emotional state of the subject. The task is performed or the complete conclusion is derived automatically based on the measurements of responses.

Abstract: Light is emitted to each of right and left eyes, the emission of light is controlled according to light stimulation steps defined by a combination of light intensities and light emission times, and presence or absence of reaction of a test subject to light is detected at the respective stimulation steps.

Abstract: A comprehensive vertigo management system and methodology is provided which employs a spatial maneuvering device, preferably under computer control, to orient a subject selectively differently in space, thus to create vestibular activity which is directly related to spatial motion (including acceleration) and/or orientation. Data is collected relating to such orientation and activity, along with certain subject-introduced reaction data in certain instances and video-camera data, and fed to a computer which cooperates in presenting an intuitive visual and pictorial correlation that enables physician diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation regarding elements of dysfunction of the subject's vestibular system.

Abstract: A method is provided for detecting vision loss due to disorders of the macular portion of the eye. A person being tested is positioned to view a color video display monitor on which the test is displayed at a distance suitable for testing the macular portion of the eye. The person responds to targets presented and the response is recorded for printing to show the area of the eye in which there is vision loss.

Abstract: A saccadic motion detector comprised an optical system that focuses light reflected or emitted from the subject's eye onto an optical navigation chip, which connects to circuitry configured to convert analog light from the eye to digital representations motion of the eye, including saccadic eye movement.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a learning disabilities diagnostic system in which a remote station includes a visual assessment component and an auditory assessment component. A diagnostic station is coupled by a communication interface to the remote station. The diagnostic station receives the visual assessment component and auditory assessment component and prepares an assessment based on the information received. Accordingly, the diagnostic system allows a user to complete visual assessment tests and auditory assessment tests in their own environment for prescreening of learning disabilities.

Abstract: A psychophysiological signal processing system uses mental and physical activity to determine the intent of an examinee to conceal information or deceive an examiner or trained observer. Brainwaves; eye, heart, muscle, and/or speech activity; skin conductance, resistance, and/or impedance; body temperature, position, posture, expression, and/or gestured motion; blood flow and volume; and stress-indicating measures like respiration, blood pressure, heart rate, and/or other such phenomena that can be sensed from the body may be utilized. A computer-adaptive system analyzing one or more of these psychometric data may be used in combination with a virtual reality system presenting stimuli to the examinee to enhance existing polygraph methods used for individual screening, debriefing, identification and/or certification of information, interrogation, and/or the detection of deception.

Abstract: Methods for measuring retinal damage resulting from an injury include calculating the slope of retinal thickness from the injury site to the periphery of the site. A shallower slope of retinal thickness correlates with a greater degree of damage resulting from the injury. The methods may also be useful to screen pharmaceuticals for potential neuroprotective effects against retinal injuries.

Abstract: A method for assessing a patient's retinal function includes selecting a test site on a retina of the patient and stimulating the test site. In a healthy retina, this stimulation results in the generation of an entoptic signal, which is then detected. The method thus provides a simple test for detecting damage to retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma.

Abstract: A method, system and device for detecting an ocular dysfunction with optic neuropathy, such as the glaucoma group of diseases. More particularly, one eye is exposed to a series of flashes, and the resulting pupillary reflexes of both eyes are measured. The pupillary reflexes can then be evaluated to determine if the ocular dysfunction is present. A device that includes at least one light source can be incorporated into a system for recording and evaluating the pupillary reflexes.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention is a method that includes displaying a first portion of an image in a peripheral vision field of a person; displaying a second portion of the image at a higher resolution than the first image portion in a foveal vision field of the person; and adjusting the displayed first image portion and the displayed second image portion in accordance with movements of the person's line of sight over the image. In other aspects, the present invention provides an apparatus for displaying a tiered resolution image to a person, wherein the tiered image is adjusted in accordance with the person's eye movements.

Abstract: Structure and methodology involving mountable and head-wearable frame structure which is positionally stabilized, during use, relative a human subject's head, and which carries a selection of positionally anchored data sensors, and stimuli deliverers, that are relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of vestibular disorders. Special configurations are provided for two types of stimulators, one for sound application and air-pressure modification, and the other for the introduction of fluids to the ear. Stabilization enables tight and accurate correlation of data which is quickly analyzable by a connected, properly algorithmed computer, which can also be used for feedback control in a designed “expert” system. The invention enables, among other things, practical and significant differentiation between physiological and pathological nystagmus.

Abstract: Blood glucose concentrations are measured by non-invasive methods and apparatus using visual pigment bleaching in conjunction with psychophysical methodologies. Bleaching light of selected wavelengths is projected through the pupil of the eye of an observer onto the fundus to bleach visual pigments in the eye. The observer's psychophysical response to a visual stimulus is then measured to obtain information regarding the rate of regeneration of the visual pigments. From the rate of pigment regeneration, blood glucose concentrations are measured accurately. The psychophysical methodologies that may be used with the invention include visual acuity tests and color-matching tests.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a learning disabilities diagnostic system in which a remote station includes a visual assessment component and an auditory assessment component. A diagnostic station is coupled by a communication interface to the remote station. The diagnostic station receives the visual assessment component and auditory assessment component and prepares an assessment based on the information received. Accordingly, the diagnostic system allows a user to complete visual assessment tests and auditory assessment tests in their own environment for prescreening of learning disabilities.

Abstract: Methods for performing a capsulorhexis are disclosed wherein a dye is used to stain a lens capsule of an eye. The dye is capable of staining tissue without diffusing through the tissue. Compositions including dyes that are useful in the methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A system for the in vivo detection of the effects of AD in the interior of an eye. A scanning polarimeter, including a residual retardance canceling system and an improved anterior segment retardance compensator, produces an optical analysis signal representing the birefringence of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) structures of the eye. The birefringence data is more accurate because of compensation for anterior segment birefringence and residual birefringence of optical components, such as, for example, the beam splitters, lenses, scanners and retarders. An electrical analysis signal representing a large (20 by 40 degrees) retardance map is produced and evaluated by an artificial neural network to produce an analysis classification signal representing the contribution of Alzheimer's disease to the birefringence of the retinal layer corresponding to the relationship of the electrical analysis signal to an analysis signal database.

Abstract: The optical layout of the invention is designed to asymmetrically stimulate at least the magnocellular and parvocellular pathways of the two eyes during binocular fusion. Furthermore, the optical layout of the invention may be adjusted to adapt to individual visual processing needs. The present invention describes a system of optics useful in furthering studies of the primate visual processing system and finding clinical applications. For the majority of the population applications of the optical system could serve instructional purposes as well as a form of entertainment. The elicited illusions are dependent on the specific individual and therefore the system distinctly allows for customization.

Abstract: The invention relates to an implant for determining the pressure of the aqueous humour in an eye, comprising a support body with a pressure sensor unit (5; 5″) arranged thereon, said pressure sensor unit comprising a first pressure sensor element (14; 14″) for measuring the pressure of the aqueous humour and for producing first pressure sensor data, a data processing unit (23) which is arranged on the support body and connected to the pressure sensor unit (5; 5″) in such a way that data can be transferred in order to process the first pressure sensor data and to produce first transfer data, in addition to comprising a first transmitting and receiving element which is arranged on the support body and connected to the data processing unit (23) in such a way that data can be transferred in order to transmit first transfer data and receive second transfer data from a second transmitting and receiving device arranged outside the eye.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provides a mentation test method that can test mentation of a human such as conjecture of brain's mentation age, discrimination of early stage of dementia and prediction of onset of dementia in addition to diagnosis of prediction probability of onset of dementia and screening of mental functions of senile dementia patients, decision of the effect of rehabilitation of the aftereffects of cerebrovascular disfunction, investigation of the therapeutic effects of medicines and side effects such as sleepiness, testing of degree of intoxication, testing of peripheral attention visual field, testing of cerebral dominant hemisphere, testing of various psychoneurosis such as schizophrenia and cerebrovascular disorder (syndrome and diagnosis, and decision of the effects of rehabilitation and treatment), and check of the degree of fatigue. Another object of the present invention is to provide a mentation test apparatus capable of executing the method as described above.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program product is presented to address early visual-sensory motor perception of a subject, where the method comprising the steps of: (1) controlling photic energetic parameters and/or photic perceptual attributes to trigger pre-attentive cuing or increase reactivity in magnocellular activity towards transient visual stimuli of the subject; and (2) generating a optical field comprising optical events based on said photic energetic parameters and said photic perceptual attributes, wherein said optical field transforms into a simple optical flow in the perceptual visual field of said subject. The photic energetic parameters may comprise light array energetic features, including one or more of wavelength, amplitude, intensity, phase, polarization, coherence, hue, brightness, and saturation.

Abstract: A method of diagnosing neurological impairments such as multiple sclerosis includes the determination of the simultaneity threshold of a pair of sensory stimuli, such as visual or tactile stimuli, separated temporally by a stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). The stimuli may be presented unilaterally or bilaterally. Interhemispheric transfer times may also be determined by determining the difference in simultaneity thresholds for bilateral and unilateral presentations. Simultaneity thresholds and interhemispheric transfer times are significantly elevated in patients with MS and other neurological impairments. An apparatus for delivering such sensory stimuli includes an array of visual stimuli and tactile stimulators, a computer-implemented control program and a precise timing mechanism.

Abstract: An apparatus for examining a subject's brain functions acquires two or more indexes of pupillary indexes that show the subject's pupillary characteristics, visual indexes that show the subject's visual system functions, intelligence evaluating indexes that are results of the an intelligence test carried out on the subject, and behavior evaluating indexes that show the results the subject's behavior examination. Two or more indexes are stored in a memory and outputted from an output unit. By combining two or more kinds of independent indexes, accurate determination of dementia cases and further the degree of senescence of brain functions can be achieved. In addition, the brain function examining apparatus puts together a number of a plurality of indexes by the multivariate calculation and converts the indexes into different values of fewer numbers.

Abstract: An ocular blood-flow meter includes an optical system for applying measuring light to a blood vessel of a subject eye, and for receiving light scattered by the blood vessel of the subject eye. A mechanism is provided for changing a direction in which the measuring light is applied and a direction in which the scattered light is received so as to enable a plurality of measurements in different directions. A controller performs the plurality of measurements in the different directions by using the optical system and the mechanism so as to obtain information concerning a blood flow. An output device provides a received-light signal obtained by the optical system or the information concerning the blood flow. An input device enables an operator to select a re-measurement operation in a desired direction from the different directions and to instruct the selected re-measurement operation.

Abstract: Utilization of a contact device placed on the eye in order to detect physical and chemical parameters of the body as well as the non-invasive delivery of compounds according to these physical and chemical parameters, with signals being transmitted continuously as electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared and the like. One of the parameters to be detected includes non-invasive blood analysis utilizing chemical changes and chemical products that are found in the conjunctiva and in the tear film. A transensor mounted in the contact device laying on the cornea or the surface of the eye is capable of evaluating and measuring physical and chemical parameters in the eye including non-invasive blood analysis. The system utilizes eye lid motion and/or closure of the eye lid to activate a microminiature radio frequency sensitive transensor mounted in the contact device. The signal can be communicated by wires or radio telemetered to an externally placed receiver.

Abstract: Utilization of a contact device placed on the eye in order to detect physical and chemical parameters of the body as well as the non-invasive delivery of compounds according to these physical and chemical parameters, with signals being transmitted continuously as electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared and the like. One of the parameters to be detected includes non-invasive blood analysis utilizing chemical changes and chemical products that are found in the conjunctiva and in the tear film. A transensor mounted in the contact device laying on the cornea or the surface of the eye is capable of evaluating and measuring physical and chemical parameters in the eye including non-invasive blood analysis. The system utilizes eye lid motion and/or closure of the eye lid to activate a microminiature radio frequency sensitive transensor mounted in the contact device. The signal can be communicated by wires or radio telemetered to an externally placed receiver.

Abstract: A method for performing retinal membrane removal is disclosed using vital dyes which are applied to the membrane. Compositions including vital dyes which are useful in the retinal membrane removal methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided a method of providing a visual reaction map of at least part of the visual field of an eye of a subject, the method comprising: (a) presenting to said visual field a plurality of segments each of the segments comprising an individually activated image; (b) changing each of said individually activated images in each of said segments according to a binary sequence each of said images being changed in a different way from all other of said images whereby the changing of one of said images does not substantially correlate with the changing of any of the other of said images; (c) detecting measurements signals in said subject while said visual field is presented with said changing; (d) correlating said measurement signals with each of the binary sequences used to activate each of said individual segments; and (e) providing said visual reaction map from said correlating.

Abstract: A data manipulation method to make local chromatography data more usable and comparable to a reference. The method provides time axis correction to better match local data to a reference of the same time scale, time axis transformation to correspond more directly to a reference based on a different time scale, and response axis correction to better match a reference of the same or different response scale, while maintaining the original peak areas. The method may be used along or concurrently with other data manipulation technique to facilitate operations such as searching, matching, visual comparison, mathematical manipulation, and pattern recognition of chromatographic data.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for determining shifts in the attentional state of a subject. These methods are useful for diagnosing subjects with a psychological or behavioral disorder. The invention also features methods for determining the effect of a therapy on the overall attentional state and shifts in the attentional state of a subject.

Abstract: A medical device for capturing eye movement in response to a moving target (20) includes a camera (40) for capturing images of the eye while the eye is focused on the moving target (20). A movement system (86) controls the motion of the target (20). One or more communication interfaces (110) communicate with external devices. The external devices may include a computing device (115) or a recording device (90) for recording the image and target position data. Computing device (115) may include computer executable software components for controlling the movement system (86) and analyzing the images captured by the camera (40), including determining the position of the center of the pupil within each image and plotting that position against the corresponding position of the target (20) when the image was captured.

Abstract: A brain function examining apparatus and others for performing an examination of a brain function by detecting a pupillary size of a subject's pupil are provided. The brain function examining apparatus includes a light source for illuminating the pupil, a pupillary detector for detecting the pupillary size, an index calculator for calculating, based on the pupillary size detected by the pupillary detector, a subject index indicative of a characteristic of the pupil, a database for storing a base index indicative of a characteristic of the pupil that can be used as reference, and an output unit for outputting the subject index, calculated by the index calculator, and the base index stored in the database.

Abstract: An applanation tonometer and its operation involve an actuator pressing a prism with a variable and determinable force against a cornea of an eye while a source directs light to reflect from an applanation surface of the prism to a detector producing a detected light signal received by a microprocessor. Such a tonometer produces a diastolic phase signal and a systolic phase signal representing the complete intra ocular pressure experience of the eye being examined. The signal information allows combined diastolic and systolic IOP to be determined in several corroborating ways and also yields measures of ocular blood flow and tonography.

Abstract: Brain response signals of a user, such as electroencephalogram signals, and in particular visually evoked potential signals that correspond to predetermined illumination patterns, are detected and utilized to ascertain selection of specific functions and/or actions as desired by that user. Sources of illumination that exhibit such patterns are arranged to physically correspond to indicia of such functions and actions to facilitate knowing selection thereof.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting eye disease. A pattern is displayed on a screen to an individual, who is made to fixate his vision on a point in the pattern. The pattern is then hidden and a second pattern is displayed. The individual then compares the second pattern, as perceived by him, with a pre-defined pattern. These steps are then repeated several times. It is then determined whether the individual has an eye disease based on the comparisons.

Abstract: A system for measuring human perception at edges of awareness includes a message transmitter providing embedded messages embedded in supraliminal information, a sensory monitor for measuring reaction in an individual to the embedded messages, and a control system connected to the message transmitter, the control system receiving an input from the sensory monitor, the control system including a real-time feedback control loop altering a perceptability of the embedded messages with respect to the supraliminal messages as a function of the sensory monitor input.

Abstract: A mentation test method that can test mentation of a human such as conjecture of brain's mentation age, discrimination of early stage of dementia and prediction of onset of dementia in addition to diagnosis of prediction probability of onset of dementia and screening of mental functions of senile dementia patients, decision of the effect of rehabilitation of the aftereffects of cerebrovascular disfunction, investigation of the therapeutic effects of medicines and side effects such as sleepiness, testing of degree of intoxication, testing of peripheral attention visual field, testing of cerebral dominant hemisphere, testing of various psychoneurosis such as schizophrenia and cerebrovascular disorder (syndrome and diagnosis, and decision of the effects of rehabilitation and treatment), and check of the degree of fatigue.

Abstract: A method for diagnosis of a mood disorder or predisposition therefor in a test subject is disclosed. The method includes the steps of determining an interhemispheric switch rate of the test subject, and comparing the switch rate with a corresponding reference switch rate to diagnose presence or absence of the mood disorder or predisposition therefor. In a preferred embodiment, the interhemispheric switch rate is determined by measuring the rate of binocular rivalry in the test subject. Also disclosed is an apparatus for diagnosis of a mood disorder or predisposition therefor, use of the diagnostic method in genetic linkage studies for the identification of the molecular defect(s) underlying these disorders, and for the identification of compounds which may alleviate such disorders.

Abstract: System and method for monitoring the physiological behavior of a driver that includes measuring a physiological variable of a driver, assessing a driver's behavioral parameter on the basis of at least said measured physiological variable, and informing the driver of the assessed driver's behavioral parameter. The measurement of the physiological variable can include measuring a driver's eye movement, measuring a driver's eye-gaze direction, measuring a driver's eye-closure amount, measuring a driver's blinking movement, measuring a driver's head movement, measuring a driver's head position, measuring a driver's head orientation, measuring driver's movable facial features, and measuring a driver's facial temperature image.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method infers mental states of a person from eye movements of the person. The method includes identifying elementary features of eye tracker data, such as fixations and saccades, and recognizing from the elementary features a plurality of eye-movement patterns. Each eye-movement pattern is recognized by comparing the elementary features with a predetermined eye-movement pattern template. A given eye-movement pattern is recognized if the elementary features satisfy a set of criteria associated with the template for that eye-movement pattern. The method further includes the step of recognizing from the eye-movement patterns a plurality of eye-behavior patterns corresponding to the mental states of the person. Because high level mental states of the user are determined in real time, the method provides the basis for reliably determining when a user intends to select a target.