Abstract: A steerable laser probe may include a handle, an actuation structure, an optic fiber, and a housing tube. The housing tube may include a first housing tube portion having a first stiffness and a second housing tube portion having a second stiffness. The second stiffness may be greater than the first stiffness. The optic fiber may be disposed within the housing tube and within an inner bore of the handle. A compression of the actuation structure may be configured to gradually curve the optic fiber. A decompression of the actuation structure may be configured to gradually straighten the optic fiber.

Abstract: A laser surgical system for making incisions in ocular tissues during cataract surgery includes a laser system, an imaging device and a control system. The laser system includes a scanning assembly and a laser to generate a laser beam that incises ocular tissue. The imaging device acquires image data of a crystalline lens and constructs an image from the image data. The control system operates the imaging device to generate image data for the patient's crystalline lens, processes the image data to determine an anterior capsule incision scanning pattern for scanning a focal zone of the laser beam to perform an anterior capsule incision, and operates the laser and the scanning assembly to scan the focal zone of the laser beam in the anterior capsule incision scanning pattern, wherein the focal zone is guided by the control system based on the image data.

Abstract: A laser surgical system for making incisions in ocular tissues during cataract surgery includes a laser system, an imaging device and a control system. The laser system includes a scanning assembly and a laser to generate a laser beam that incises ocular tissue. The imaging device acquires image data of a crystalline lens and constructs an image from the image data. The control system operates the imaging device to generate image data for the patient's crystalline lens, processes the image data to determine an anterior capsule incision scanning pattern for scanning a focal zone of the laser beam to perform an anterior capsule incision, and operates the laser and the scanning assembly to scan the focal zone of the laser beam in the anterior capsule incision scanning pattern, wherein the focal zone is guided by the control system based on the image data.

Abstract: A steerable laser probe may include a handle, an actuation structure of the handle, a housing tube, a flexible tube, an optic fiber, and a wire having a pre-formed curve. The flexible tube may be disposed within the housing tube wherein a distal end of the flexible tube projects out from a distal end of the housing tube. The optic fiber may be disposed within an inner bore of the handle, the housing tube, and the flexible tube. The wire may be disposed within the housing tube.

Abstract: A laser surgical system for making incisions in ocular tissues during cataract surgery includes a laser system, an imaging device and a control system. The laser system includes a scanning assembly and a laser to generate a laser beam that incises ocular tissue. The imaging device acquires image data of a crystalline lens and constructs an image from the image data. The control system operates the imaging device to generate image data for the patient's crystalline lens, processes the image data to determine an anterior capsule incision scanning pattern for scanning a focal zone of the laser beam to perform an anterior capsule incision and operates the laser and the scanning assembly to scan the focal zone of the laser beam in the anterior capsule incision scanning pattern, wherein the focal zone is guided by the control system based on the image data.

Abstract: System and method for making incisions in eye tissue at different depths. The system and method focuses light, possibly in a pattern, at various focal points which are at various depths within the eye tissue. A segmented lens can be used to create multiple focal points simultaneously. Optimal incisions can be achieved by sequentially or simultaneously focusing lights at different depths, creating an expanded column of plasma, and creating a beam with an elongated waist.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing robotically-assisted surgical procedures on a patient enable an image display device to provide an operator with auxiliary information related to the surgical procedure, in addition to providing an image of the surgical site itself. The systems and methods allow an operator to selectively access and reference auxiliary information on the image display device during the performance of a surgical procedure.

Abstract: System and method for making incisions in eye tissue at different depths. The system and method focuses light, possibly in a pattern, at various focal points which are at various depths within the eye issue. A segmented lens can be used to create multiple focal points simultaneously. Optimal incisions can be achieved by sequentially or simultaneously focusing lights at different depths, creating an expanded column of plasma, and creating a beam with an elongated waist.

Abstract: An ophthalmological apparatus (1) for breakdown of eye tissue includes a base station (2) with a light source (21) for generating light pulses and a support arm (3), with an application head (4) that can be placed onto an eye (6) mounted on the base station (2). The light pulses are transmitted from the base station (2) to the application head (4) through an optical transmission system (22). The application head (4) has a light projector (41) for focused projection of the light pulses for punctiform breakdown of eye tissue. The support arm (3) is of rigid design and, at one end, has a hinge (Rz) with a horizontally oriented rotation axis (rz), the hinge (Rz) being mounted in such a way that the application head (4) can be placed onto the eye (6) with a rotation (zrot) extending about the rotation axis (rz).

Abstract: An ophthalmic laser treatment apparatus for treating a patient's eye by irradiating a treatment laser beam thereto, comprises: an irradiation unit including a treatment laser source, and a scanner for scanning an irradiation spot of the treatment beam from the laser source onto a tissue of the patient's eye in two dimensions; a memory for storing a plurality of predetermined irradiation patterns in each of which a plurality of the irradiation spots of the treatment beam are arranged in a predetermined arrangement; an irradiation pattern selecting unit including a selection switch for inputting a signal to select a desired irradiation pattern from the irradiation patterns stored in the memory; an irradiation pattern changing unit including a change switch for inputting a signal to change a part of the arrangement of the irradiation pattern in which the irradiation spots are arranged on the basis of the selected irradiation pattern by the irradiation pattern selecting unit; and a control unit for controlling dr

Abstract: A method and device for stimulating human dermal tissue retraction and collagen and elastin production is provided. One or more lasers or other electromagnetic radiation devices produce at least two output beams (split or independent beams) that can be directed to deliver electromagnetic energy to a desired subsurface depth of dermal tissue, thereby disrupting the same, without causing excessive damage to the adjacent epidermis, subcutaneous fatty tissue, or blood vessels of the skin.

Abstract: A variable-applanation patient interface can include a lens support system, attachable to a distal end of an ophthalmic surgical laser system; a contact lens, supported by the lens support system and configured to make contact with an eye-surface; and an adjustable coupler, coupled to at least one of the lens support system and the contact lens, and configured to be coupled to a non-central region of the eye-surface, to accommodate the contact lens to contact a central region of the eye-surface with a central applanation, to enable a change between the central applanation and an extended applanation, and to accommodate the contact lens to contact an extended region of the eye-surface larger than the central region with the extended applanation.

Abstract: A mirror for an ophthalmic laser treatment device that is movable on an axis from a position in a treatment laser beam path to a position out of the treatment laser beam path. The mirror reflects light from a light source into the eye of a patient. The mirror is biased towards a position in the path and is moved out of the path by an actuator just long enough for the laser treatment to be applied and without noticeable interruption to viewing by a user.

Abstract: The disclosure herein provides ophthalmic surgical systems, methods, and devices. In one embodiment, a handheld medical instrument for surgical procedures comprises a body having an exterior surface shaped to be held and manipulated by a human hand; a surgical tool extending from a distal end of the body; and a pressure-sensitive button for controlling operation of the surgical tool, the pressure-sensitive button comprising an actuation surface positioned adjacent the exterior surface of the body, the pressure-sensitive button further comprising a pressure detection device, the pressure detection device configured to enable output of a signal for controlling a function of the surgical tool, the signal being proportional to a position of the actuation surface.

Abstract: A steerable laser probe may include a handle, an actuation structure of the handle, a housing tube, a wire having a pre-formed curve, and an optic fiber disposed within the housing tube and an inner bore of the handle. The housing tube may include a first housing tube portion having a first stiffness and a second housing tube portion having a second stiffness. The second stiffness may be greater than the first stiffness. A compression of the actuation structure may curve or straighten the housing tube. A decompression of the actuation structure may curve or straighten the housing tube.

Abstract: A steerable laser probe may include a handle, an actuation mechanism of the handle, an optic fiber, and a housing tube. The housing tube may include a first housing tube portion having a first stiffness and a second housing tube portion having a second stiffness. The second stiffness may be greater than the first stiffness. The optic fiber may be disposed within the housing tube and within an inner bore of the handle. A portion of the optic fiber may be fixed to an inner portion of the housing tube.

Abstract: The invention relates to systems and methods for measuring the angular accessibility limitations of the anterior angle of the eye, targeting one or multiple treatment zones within the anterior angle area of the eye and delivering highly focused photodisruptive laser pulses with pulse durations <50 picoseconds creating channels into various anatomical structures within the anterior angle of the eye. The invention further includes custom gonioscopy lens systems, patient interface systems and a laser delivery system to deliver highly focused laser beams to the anterior angle area of the eye.

Abstract: An ophthalmological device, comprising an eye patch, a photovoltaic, and a battery, wherein said photovoltaic is interconnected to said battery.

Abstract: An apparatus for ophthalmic procedures contains a source of aiming and treatment laser beams, folded mirrors and lens arrays to cause the formation of a static pupil on a delivery mirror for observation and treatment by an operator of the apparatus.

Abstract: Methods and systems for obtaining an ocular aberration measurement of an eye of a patient are provided. Exemplary techniques involve obtaining a first induced metric for the eye that corresponds to a first accommodation state of the eye, obtaining a second induced metric for the eye that corresponds to a second accommodation state of the eye, and determining a natural metric of the eye based on the first and second induced metrics. An induced metric may include a pupil size or a spherical aberration. Techniques can also include determining a target metric for the eye base on the natural metric, determining whether an actual metric of the eye meets the target metric, obtaining an ocular aberration measurement of the eye if the actual metric meets the target metric, and determining a treatment for the eye based on the ocular aberration measurement.

Abstract: An optical device comprising an optical hydrogel with select regions that have been irradiated with laser light having a pulse energy from 0.01 nJ to 50 nJ and a wavelength from 600 nm to 900 nm. The irradiated regions are characterized by a positive change in refractive index of from 0.01 to 0.06, and exhibit little or no scattering loss. The optical hydrogel is prepared with a hydrophilic monomer.

Abstract: A steerable laser probe may include a handle, an actuation structure of the handle, a housing tube, an optic fiber, and an optic fiber sleeve. The housing tube may have a first housing tube portion having a first stiffness and a second housing tube portion having a second stiffness. The second stiffness may be greater that the first stiffness. The optic fiber may be disposed within an inner bore of the handle, the optic fiber sleeve, the actuation structure, and the housing tube. The optic fiber sleeve may enclose at least a portion of the optic fiber and the optic fiber sleeve may be disposed within the actuation structure and the housing tube. A compression of the actuation structure may be configured to curve the housing tube and the optic fiber.

Abstract: An ophthalmic laser treatment apparatus comprises: a laser source that emits a laser beam for treatment of an affected part of a patient's eye; an optical fiber that transmits the laser beam emitted from the laser source; and a delivery optical system that irradiates the laser beam emitted from the optical fiber to the affected part of the patient's eye, the delivery optical system including: a plurality of diffraction optical elements each being configured to shape a beam profile of the laser beam at an emission end face of the optical fiber into a beam profile having one of a uniform intensity and a lower intensity in the center than on the periphery on the affected part and also to shape the laser beam to have a different spot size on the affected part of the patient's eye; and a changing unit which selectively disposing one of the diffraction optical elements on an optical path.

Abstract: A steerable laser probe may include a handle having a handle distal end and a handle proximal end, an actuation structure of the handle, a flexible housing tube having a flexible housing tube distal end and a flexible housing tube proximal end, and an optic fiber disposed within an inner bore of the handle and the flexible housing tube. A compression of the actuation structure may cause the optic fiber to gradually curve. A decompression of the actuation structure may cause the optic fiber to gradually straighten.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a laser surgical system with a basic set of functionality which is remotely controllable to implement an advanced set of functionality. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a basic laser surgical system may be coupled to an advanced control unit such that the basic laser surgical system may be controllable by the advanced control unit to implement a broader set of functionality. By moving less frequently used functionality to an advanced unit, the basic unit may be streamlined with regards to both cost and size, and the learning curve required to utilize the basic unit may be reduced relative to a more feature-ladened unit, allowing the basic unit to be utilized in myriad situations or procedures where an “all-in-one” unit would be less than desirable.

Abstract: A system and method of estimating a distance between the distal end of an optical fiber and treated tissue, to improve treatment efficiency, is provided herein. The estimation is achieved by modulating the numerical aperture of a light beam transmitted through the fiber to receive reflections from the tissue and distinguish them from other reflections in the fiber, and further by calculating the distance by comparing reflection intensities of beams having different numerical aperture values that illuminate the tissue over a very short period, so that tissue and environment conditions do not change much. Distance estimation may be carried out by modulating the treatment beam itself, or by a light beam transmitted between pulses of a pulsed treatment beam.

Abstract: For processing eye tissue (8) by means of femtosecond laser pulses, an ophthalmological device (1) includes a projection optical unit (2) for the focused projection of the femtosecond laser pulses into the eye tissue (8). Disposed upstream of the projection optical unit (2) is a first beam-deflecting scanner system (3) for scanning the eye tissue (8) with the femtosecond laser pulses along a processing line (s). A second beam-deflecting scanner system (5) is disposed upstream of the first scanner system (3) and is designed for scanning the eye tissue (8) with the femtosecond laser pulses on a scanning curve (f) superimposed on the processing line (s). The second scanner system (5) has a scanner speed that is a multiple of the scanning speed of the first scanner system (3), and comprises at least one deflection mirror, a first scanning axis (51) and a second scanning axis (52).

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for regulating transgene expression in a subject using heat generated by electro-magnetic radiation in a target cell. The heat is generated by a thermo generator resided in the target cell upon application the electromagnetic radiation. The amount of the heat is controlled by the energy delivered by the electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A system and method for determining an optimal position of an eye relative to an ophthalmic device are disclosed. One embodiment of the method includes receiving data comprising an image of a surface of an eye with the eye at a first position relative to an ophthalmic device. An edge feature in the image is located, and a sharpness calculation on the edge feature is performed using a predetermined algorithm to yield a sharpness value. The eye surface is then adjusted to a second position relative to the ophthalmic device, and the previous steps are repeated until the sharpness value is maximized, which is an indication that an optimal eye position has been achieved. An embodiment of the system includes a processor and a software package executable by the processor, the software package adapted to perform the calculations as above. Means are also provided for adjusting the eye surface to a second position relative to the ophthalmic device.

Abstract: A method that includes illuminating an eye with light at a first time and a second time and generating a first image of the eye based on the light that illuminates the eye at the first time. The method includes generating a second image of the eye based on the light that illuminates the eye at the second time. The method further includes positioning a laser source relative to the eye, wherein the laser source generates a therapeutic laser beam to be directed to the eye, wherein the first time is just prior to the therapeutic laser beam being directed to the eye and the second time is prior to the first time. The method further includes correcting orientation of the laser source relative to the eye based on a correlation function that is defined for the first and second images of the eye.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to an apparatus and processes for preventing or delaying presbyopia. More particularly, the present invention relates to processes and apparatus for ablating epithelial cells in the germinative zone or the pregerminative zone of the crystalline lens of the eye so that onset or progression of presbyopia or one or more symptoms is delayed or prevented. The present invention also relates to processes and apparatus for promoting formation of suture lines in the crystalline lens of the eye so that onset or progression of presbyopia or one or more symptoms is delayed or prevented. The present invention also relates to processes and apparatus for creating disruptions in the vitreous humor of the eye.

Abstract: A patient interface for coupling an ophthalmological application head to an eye of a patient includes a patient-sided interface structure to be coupled to the eye of a patient, and a source-sided interface structure for rigidly coupling the patient interface to the application head or an intermediate element. The source-sided interface structure comprises a first source-sided patient interface coupler and a second source-sided patient interface coupler The first source-sided patient interface coupler is designed to restrict the mobility of the patient interface relative to the application head or the intermediate element by providing a coupling with a first patient interface coupler counterpiece of the application head or the intermediate element.

Abstract: A method for marking coagulation sites on a retina by application of a light source including: projecting a serial spot sequence from a sequential, one-dimensional series of spots on the retina, wherein the individual spots indicate the coagulation sites; waiting for confirmation of the sequence of individual spots; after confirming, recalculating an automated sequence of steps having a further serial spot sequence and projecting them on the retina according to the first step; and subsequent repeating of the second and third steps. Also, a system for coagulating the retina, having an imaging diagnostic unit, a therapy beam for coagulating coagulation sites, a pilot beam for marking the coagulation sites by a spot sequence, a beam deflecting unit for generating the spot sequence and for positioning the therapy beam, an electronic control unit for controlling the above devices, a software interface, and an interactive interface.

Abstract: Devices to perform femtolaser ablation and phacoemulsification are physically and/or operationally combined. In some embodiments the femtolaser ablation and phacoemulsification are housed together, and in other embodiments they are housed separately, but operated through a common display screen. At least some software can be shared by the femtolaser ablation and phacoemulsification functionalities. A non-transitory computer-readable memory can provide data that can be used to operate each of at least one femtolaser ablation functionality and at least one phacoemulsification functionality.

Abstract: A method for producing a cut surface in a transparent material using optical radiation. A laser device separates the material using optical radiation and includes an optical unit focussing the radiation along an optical axis into an image field defining an image-field size. A focal position is adjusted transversely along the axis, producing a cut surface extending substantially parallel to the axis and, in projection along the axis, is a curve having a maximum extent. The focus is displaced by adjustment of the focal position along a trajectory curve lying in the cut surface. The cut surface has a maximum extent which is greater than the image-field size. The focal position is moved transverse to the axis along the curve. The image field is displaced transversely, and the focal position is adjusted in an oscillating fashion along the axis on the curve between an upper and lower axial focus position.

Abstract: A steerable laser probe may include a handle, an actuation mechanism of the handle, an optic fiber, and a housing tube. The housing tube may include a first housing tube portion having a first stiffness and a second housing tube portion having a second stiffness. The second stiffness may be greater than the first stiffness. The optic fiber may be disposed within the housing tube and within an inner bore of the handle. A portion of the optic fiber may be fixed to an inner portion of the housing tube.

Abstract: Systems and methods for testing a laser eye surgery system are provided. Methods include establishing an image scale based on a calibration pattern, imageably altering a series of regions of a test surface with the laser system, laterally redirecting a laser beam to form a test pattern, imaging the test pattern, determining a lateral redirecting characteristic of the beam delivery system, and qualifying or calibrating the beam delivery system. Systems can include an input module that accepts an input member such as a calibration pattern parameter, a calibration pattern image, an intended pattern parameter, a test pattern image, an imaging device position, a calibration pattern position, a test pattern position, and a beam delivery system position, a characterization module that determines a beam delivery system characteristic, and an output module that generates a calibration for the beam delivery system of the laser eye surgery system.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling selective targeting of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells within a treatment region of the RPE. The methods include (a) depositing a selected amount of energy on a test region of the RPE; (b) determining an extent to which microcavitation has occurred in the test region; and (c) on the basis of the determination, either depositing the selected amount of energy on the treatment region, or depositing an increased amount of energy on the test region, and repeating steps (b) and (c).

Abstract: A steerable laser probe may include a handle having a handle distal end and a handle proximal end, an actuation control of the handle, a flexible housing tube having a flexible housing tube distal end and a flexible housing tube proximal end, an optic fiber disposed within an inner portion of the handle and the flexible housing tube, and a cable disposed within the flexible housing tube and the actuation control. A rotation of the actuation control may be configured to gradually curve the flexible housing tube and the optic fiber. A rotation of the actuation control may be configured to gradually straighten the flexible housing tube and the optic fiber.

Abstract: A method of modifying a refractive profile of an eye having an intraocular device implanted therein, wherein the method includes determining a corrected refractive profile for the eye based on an initial refractive profile, identifying one or more locations within the intraocular device based on the corrected refractive profile, and directing a pulsed laser beam at the locations to produce the corrected refractive profile. A system of modifying an intraocular device located within an eye, wherein the system includes a laser assembly and a controller coupled thereto. The laser assembly outputs a pulsed laser beam having a pulse width between 300 picoseconds and 10 femtoseconds. The controller directs the laser assembly to output the pulsed laser beam into the intraocular device. One or more slip zones are formed within the intraocular device in response thereto, and the slip zones are configured to modify a refractive profile of the intraocular device.

Abstract: Materials and methods of treating an eye with a hydrogel formed on the eye. Embodiments are provided that include post-keratectomy bandages. A method of treating a patient by application of a hydrogel bandage to a cornea by providing a first hydrogel precursor in a dry form immobilized in a first deposit at a first location in a well, providing a second hydrogel precursor in a dry form immobilized in a second deposit at a second location in the well, mixing the deposits together to form a mixture, and transferring at least some of the mixture to the cornea, with the mixture forming a covalently crosslinked hydrogel on the cornea.

Abstract: An ophthalmic laser surgical apparatus includes an XY scan unit, a light guiding optical element, an objective lens, and a Z scan unit. The XY scan unit includes a deflecting device for deflecting the pulsed laser beam, and scans the pulsed laser beam in a direction crossing an optical axis. The light guiding optical element is provided downstream of the deflecting device on the optical path of the pulsed laser beam. The light guiding optical element has refractive power, and guides the pulsed laser beam. The objective lens causes the pulsed laser beam through the XY scan unit and the light guiding optical element to converge in a tissue of a patient's eye. The Z scan unit varies the optical path length between the light guiding optical element and the objective lens while the objective lens is fixed in position on the optical path.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating cut surfaces in the cornea of an eye in order to correct ametropia is provided, said apparatus comprising a laser unit, which can focus pulsed laser radiation into the cornea and move it therein in order to generate cut surfaces, and a control unit, which controls the laser unit for generating cut surfaces such that a predetermined lenticle to be removed is separated from the surrounding corneal material in the cornea by at least one cut surface, and that at least two mutually spaced apart cut surfaces are formed as opening cuts, each extending from the lenticle to the anterior corneal surface, the position and shape of the opening cuts being selected such that the opening cuts contribute to the correction of the ametropia of the eye or do not counteract the correction of the ametropia of the eye.

Abstract: A multi-spot/multi-fiber laser probe is provided that includes a first adapter; a GRIN lens within the first adapter, the GRIN lens configured to receive a laser beam from a laser source at a proximal end of the GRIN lens and to relay the received laser beam towards a distal end of the GRIN lens; and a multi-fiber array having a proximal end configured to receive the relayed laser light. In addition, a multi-spot/single-fiber laser probe is provided that includes a cannula; an optical fiber positioned within the cannula; a diffractive beam splitter within the cannula; and a GRIN lens within the cannula and arranged between a distal end of the optical fiber and the diffractive beam splitter, wherein the diffractive beam splitter is configured to split a focused laser beam from the GRIN lens into multiple diffracted laser beams.

Abstract: A steerable laser probe may include a handle, an actuation structure of the handle, a housing tube, a wire having a pre-formed curve, and an optic fiber disposed within the housing tube and an inner bore of the handle. The housing tube may include a first housing tube portion having a first stiffness and a second housing tube portion having a second stiffness. The second stiffness may be greater than the first stiffness. A compression of the actuation structure may curve or straighten the housing tube. A decompression of the actuation structure may curve or straighten the housing tube.

Abstract: A laser probe with a replaceable optic fiber may include a reusable handle, a reusable housing tube, a reusable handle adapter, a reusable machine adapter, and a replaceable optic fiber. The handle adapter may interface with a proximal end of the handle. The machine adapter may interface with a surgical machine. The replaceable optic fiber may include an optic fiber having a first optic fiber end and a second optic fiber end, a first connector, and a second connector. The optic fiber may be disposed within the first connector and the second connector. The first connector may be temporarily fixed within the handle adapter and the second connector may be temporarily fixed within the machine adapter.

Abstract: A method for performing wavefront-guided laser surgery on a cornea includes the step of calculating a corneal flap configuration based upon collected anatomical information on an eye and wavefront data on a cornea of the eye. Such data may be collected by, for example, an aberrometer, although this is not intended as a limitation. The calculated configuration is transmitted to a processor in controlling relation to a corneal flap-cutting device. The flap-cutting device is used to create a corneal flap based upon the calculated configuration. A system for performing wavefront-guided laser surgery on a cornea includes a processor for receiving the anatomical information and wavefront data. A software package is adapted to calculate the corneal flap configuration and to control a corneal flap-cutting device to cut a corneal flap commensurate with the calculated corneal flap configuration.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are provided for treating a targeted area of ocular tissue in a tissue-sparing manner comprising use of two or more therapeutic modalities, including thermal radiation source (such as an CW infrared fiber laser), operative in a wavelength range that has a high absorption in water, and photochemical collagen cross-linking (CXL), together with one or more specific system improvements, such as peri-operative feedback measurements for tailoring of the therapeutic modalities, an ocular tissue surface thermal control/cooling mechanism and a source of deuterated water/riboflavin solution in a delivery system targeting ocular tissue in the presence of the ultraviolet radiation. Additional methods of rapid cross-linking (RXL), are provided that further enables cross-linking (CXL) therapy to be combined with thermal therapy.

Abstract: Tool force information is provided to a user of a telesurgical system using an alternative modality other than force reflection on a master manipulator, such as providing the information on user-visible, user-audible, or haptic “buzz” or “viscosity” indicators, so as to allow expanded processing, including amplification, of the information, while not significantly affecting the stability of the telesurgical system or any closed-loop control systems in the telesurgical system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a contact glass for ophthalmic surgery. Said glass comprises a lens body that is held in a frame and a front lens surface that is designed to be placed against the eye. According to the invention, the front lens surface is concave and follows a surface curvature (K) and an annular gap is formed at the edge of the front lens surface between the lens body and the frame, said gap being used to apply a negative pressure in order to fix the contact glass to the eye. The frame is designed to follow the contour of an imaginary continuation of the surface curvature (K), or at least does not project beyond the latter.