Abstract: An implantable stimulator device is disclosed for executing a stimulation program comprising a plurality of sub-programs, wherein the sub-programs are configured to be automatically sequentially executed by stimulation circuitry in the device. Control circuitry periodically stores log data to indicate where each sub-program is in its execution. If the device experiences an interruption that prevents the stimulation circuitry from executing the stimulation program, and upon receiving an indication that the stimulation circuitry can continue execution of the stimulation program, the control circuitry is configured to query the log data to determine a sub-program during which the interruption occurred, and using the log data, cause the stimulation circuitry to continue execution of the stimulation circuitry either at the beginning of the sub-program, or at a point during the sub-program when the interruption occurred.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an implantable pulse generator (IPG) for providing a neurostimulation therapy, comprises: pulse generation circuitry and pulse delivery circuitry for controlling generation and delivery of electrical pulses to a patient using one or more electrodes of a stimulation lead; measurement circuitry for determining characteristics of one or more electrodes selected for delivery of electrical pulses; and a processor for controlling the IPG according to executable code; wherein the IPG is adapted to calculate values for an impedance model of the one or more selected electrodes using the determined plurality of voltage measurements and to adjust current levels for the exponentially decreasing current pattern based on the calculated values for the impedance mode.

Abstract: A method of neurostimulation titration. The method includes setting titration parameters for an electrical signal delivered by an implantable medical device, initiating titration with the titration parameters and an aggressiveness profile, performing titration by increasing at least one of a current amplitude, a frequency, a pulse width or a duty cycle of the electrical signal until a threshold is reached or a side effect is detected, pausing the titration while waiting for commands from the patient or caregiver, and resuming the titration in response to receiving authorization from an external device.

Abstract: An implantable medical device (IMD) includes multiple stimulation engines for independently stimulating respective electrode sets of a lead system while avoiding collisions and/or channel contention during stimulation delivery. A first voltage multiplier is configured to generate an adjustable target voltage having sufficient headroom at an output node that is commonly coupled to anodic nodes of respective stimulation engines. Each stimulation engine includes a secondary voltage multiplier to drive the respective anode and a current regulator powered by a floating voltage supply, wherein the current regulator is coupled to a cathodic node and configured to control how much stimulation current is pulled from the patient tissue.

Abstract: A neurostimulation system having an external or an implantable pulse generator programmed to innervate a specific nerve or group of nerves in a patient through an electrode as a mode of treatment, having a patient remote that wirelessly communicates with the pulse generator to increase stimulation, decrease stimulation, and provide indications to a patient regarding the status of the neurostimulation system. The patient remote can allow for adjustment of stimulation power within a clinically effective range and for turning on and turning off the pulse generator. The patient remote and neurostimulation system can also store a stimulation level when the pulse generator is turned off and automatically restore the pulse generator to the stored stimulation level when the pulse generator is turned on.

Abstract: A substantially planar device intended to be secured to the skin of a user is disclosed. The device includes components and electrical connection means defining at least one rigid zone of the device. The electrical connection means have, in the plane of the device, a surface corresponding to at least one component and the means are disposed such as to cover the at least one component in order to protect the component mechanically.

Abstract: Methods and systems for selecting stimulation parameters using targeting and steering techniques are presented. For example, a method or system (via actions performed by a processor) can include receiving a name of an anatomical or physiological target or a name of a disease or disorder; receiving a clinical goal; and using at least 1) the anatomical or physiological target or disease or disorder and 2) the clinical goal, selecting a set of stimulation parameters. Another method or system (via actions performed by its processor) can include receiving a first set of stimulation parameters; receiving a command to alter the first set of stimulation parameters that does not include, or is not composed exclusively of, a numerical value for any of the stimulation parameters; and modifying the first set of stimulation parameters to create a second set of stimulation parameters based on the command.

Abstract: An infusion pump system is disclosed. The infusion pump system includes an infusion pump and a controller device in wireless communication with the infusion pump, wherein the controller including instructions for controlling the infusion pump, wherein the instructions may be synchronized with a secure web portal.

Abstract: Incorrect connection or mapping of leads' proximal terminals to the ports of an Implantable Stimulator Device (ISD), such as an implantable pulse generator or an external trial stimulator, is a concern, and this disclosure is directed to use of measurement and identification algorithms to either determine that leads are properly connected to their assigned ISD ports, or to determine which leads are connected to the ports even if the leads are not preassigned to the ports. Particular focus is given in the disclosed technique to assessing leads that comprise larger number of electrodes than are supported at each port, and thus have more than one proximal terminal that connect to more than one port of the ISD.

Abstract: A system includes an implantable medical device configured to sense a sync signal and sense physiological parameters to obtain a physiological signal. In response to sensing the sync signal, the implantable medical device is configured to generate a sync-stamped physiological signal. In certain embodiments, a method includes receiving a first physiological signal coupled with a sync signal; receiving a second physiological signal coupled with the sync signal; and, using the sync signal, synchronizing in time the first and second physiological signals.

Abstract: A neurostimulation system includes a programming control circuit and a user interface. The programming control circuit may be configured to generate a plurality of stimulation parameters controlling delivery of neurostimulation pulses according to one or more neurostimulation programs each specifying a pattern of the neurostimulation pulses. The user interface includes a display screen, a user input device, and a neurostimulation program circuit. The neurostimulation program circuit may be configured to allow for construction of one or more pulse trains (PTs) and one or more train groupings (TGs) of the one or more neurostimulation programs, and to allow for scheduling of delivery of the one or more neurostimulation programs, using the display screen and the user input device. Each PT includes one or more pulse blocks each including a plurality of pulses of the neurostimulation pulses. Each TG includes one or more PTs.

Abstract: Methods for management of a powertrain system in a vehicle. The methods receive data or signals from multiple sensors associated with the vehicle. Optimum thresholds for classifications of the sensor data can be changed based injecting signals into the powertrain system and receiving responsive signals. Expected priorities for the sensor signals can be altered based upon attributes of the signals and confirming actual priorities for the signals. Look-up tables for engine management can be modified based upon injecting signals into the powertrain system and measuring a utility of the responsive signals. The methods can thus dynamically alter and modify data for powertrain management, such as look-up tables, during vehicle operation under a wide range of conditions.

Abstract: In accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter, mechanisms (which can, for example, include systems, methods, and media) for directional coordinated reset deep brain stimulation are provided. In some embodiments, a method is provided, comprising: implanting a lead with segmented electrodes into an anatomical structure; selecting a first subset of the electrodes corresponding to the anatomical structure as active electrodes; causing electrical pulses at a first stimulation level to be applied at the active electrodes in a first sequence; causing electrical pulses at a second stimulation level that is lower than the first stimulation level to be applied at the active electrodes in a second sequence during a second time period; and inhibiting electrical pulses from being applied at inactive electrodes during the second time period.

Abstract: A system is provided that includes a patch, which includes a plurality of electrodes and is configured to be coupled to a subject; and a mobile device, including a computer processor configured to: obtain a physical location of the subject; obtain, from a remote service, a migraine-related forecast specific to the physical location of the subject; enrich the migraine-related forecast with treatment-related statistics collected from a plurality of other subjects to whom electrostimulation treatment has been applied; present the migraine-related forecast on the mobile device; receive an input from a subject; and in response to the input, while the patch is coupled to the subject, wirelessly communicate a control signal that causes the electrodes to apply stimulation to the subject. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A system for programming electrical stimulation by a lead includes a processor coupled to a display. The processor presents an interface on the display with user-selectable controls to define stimulation fields and repeating stimulation patterns for delivering the stimulation fields temporally-coordinated with each other. The user-selectable controls include a field control to define the number of stimulation fields, a location control to define locations of the stimulation fields relative to the lead, a repetition control to define a repetition frequency of the stimulation patterns, and a temporal-adjustment control to define temporal adjustments of the stimulation fields.

Abstract: An external control device for use with a neurostimulator coupled to a plurality of electrodes capable of conveying electrical stimulation energy into tissue in which the electrodes are implanted. The external control device comprises a user interface including at least one control element, a processor configured for independently assigning stimulation amplitude values to a first set of the electrodes, for linking the first set of electrodes together in response to the actuation of the at least one control element, and for preventing the stimulation amplitude values of the first linked set of electrodes from being varied relative to each other, and output circuitry configured for transmitting the stimulation amplitude values to the neurostimulator.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for managing synchronous conducted communication for an implantable medical device (IMD). The IMD further comprises electrodes and sensing circuitry. The sensing circuitry is configured to detect physiologic events. A receiver amplifier is coupled to the electrodes. The receiver amplifier is configured to receive conducted communications signals via the electrodes. A controller is configured to establish synchronous conducted communication with a transmit device. The controller includes a receive window timing (RWT) module configured to manage an on-off cycle of the receiver amplifier based on first and second receive window timing schemes. The RWT module switches between the first and second receive window timing schemes based on a condition of the synchronous conducted communication.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, there is provided a power supply circuit including: a power switch configured to activate one of a primary power source or a secondary power source based on a state of charge of the secondary power source; wherein the primary power source is configured to, when activated, power a low power component; and wherein the secondary power source is configured to, when activated, power the low power component and a high power component; and a clock switch configured to provide a clock signal to the high power component based on the state of charge of the secondary power source.

Abstract: Medical devices that have been implanted into human bodies (as well as other devices that have been implanted into other objects) and are controllable via RF commands are subject to intentional tampering and unintentional interference. This drawback can be avoided by designing the implanted system so that either (a) the implanted system can only be controlled via ultrasound signals, or (b) the implanted system can only be controlled via non-ultrasound signals (e.g., RF signals) after the system has been unlocked in response to receipt of a particular ultrasound signal. Because ultrasound waves at the relevant frequencies (e.g., 1-5 MHz) can only enter a body when an ultrasound transmitter is positioned in direct contact with the body, these configurations provide a significant amount of additional security.

Abstract: The present disclosure discusses system and methods for improving the efficiency of a remote computing device. The system and methods include generate a profile and delivery schedule for the remote computing device. The system can dynamically update the delivery schedule of future requests the system transmits to the remote computing device based on responses to current request.

Abstract: A computer implemented method and system is provided for managing neural stimulation therapy. The method comprises under control of one or more processors configured with program instructions. The method delivers a series of candidate stimulation waveforms having varied stimulation intensities to at least one electrode located proximate to nervous tissue of interest. A parameter defines the candidate stimulation waveforms is changed to vary the stimulation intensity. The method identifies a first candidate stimulation waveform that induces a paresthesia-abatement effect, while continuing to induce a select analgesic effect. The method further identifies a second candidate stimulation waveform that does not induce the select analgesic effect. The method sets a stimulation therapy based on the first and second candidate stimulation waveforms.

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus for identifying optimal or near optimal complex stimulation waveforms for a neurostimulator device or neuromodulation device are disclosed. An example method includes using a dueling bandits algorithm with correlation among stimulation arms to select a batch of stimulation arms for sequential application to a patient during a therapy session. Each of the stimulation arms specifies complex stimulation waveform parameter values. Feedback from applying the stimulation arms to the patient is recorded and used to update feedback reward values corresponding to at least some of the stimulation arms using a stimulation arm correlation index. A second batch of stimulations arms is selected based upon the updated feedback reward values and applied to a patient. The method is iteratively repeated over a number of therapy sessions until an optimal or near optimal batch of stimulation arms (defining complex stimulation waveforms) is determined.

Abstract: An optical stimulation system includes a lead, a control module, and a control interface. The lead includes light emitters for emitting light having wavelengths that activate light-sensitive neurons. The light-sensitive neurons generate either an excitatory response or an inhibitory response when activated depending on the wavelength of the emitted light. The control module directs the emission of light from the light emitters using a set of stimulation parameters. The control interface includes user-selectable controls to adjust the stimulation parameters. The user-selectable controls include a graphical representation of a light emitter for each light emitter. Each graphical representation includes one or more user-selectable emitter controls to indicate whether a corresponding light emitter emits light and, if so, whether the emitted light generates an excitatory response or an inhibitory response from activated light-sensitive neurons.

Abstract: Techniques for determining the location of a physiological midline are disclosed. A first technique evaluates the response to stimulation of spinal electrodes at peripheral electrodes on different sides of the body. In this technique, a spinal electrode's position relative to a physiological midline is determined based on a relationship between responses to its stimulation observed on different sides of the body. A second technique evaluates the response of spinal electrodes to stimulation of peripheral electrodes on different sides of the body. In this technique, a spinal electrode's position relative to a physiological midline is determined based on the different responses that it observes to stimulation on different sides of the body.

Abstract: A neuromodulation customization system includes a field definition user interface, a neuromodulation signaling engine, and a supervisor engine. The field definition user interface is to facilitate entry of a customized electrotherapy field definition, with the field definition user interface including a set of input controls for defining field shape, field intensity, and field steering parameters of the customized electrotherapy field. The neuromodulation signaling engine is to produce commands for neuromodulation output circuitry to control generation of a customized electrotherapy field via a set of electrodes based on the customized electrotherapy field definition. The supervisor engine is to assess compliance of the customized electrotherapy field to be generated with applicable predefined criteria, and to modify generation of the customized electrotherapy field in response to an assessed non-compliance with the criteria.

Abstract: An acoustic communication system includes a first acoustic communication apparatus and a second acoustic communication apparatus. The first acoustic communication apparatus transmits a first acoustic wave to the second acoustic communication apparatus. The second acoustic communication apparatus transmits, as a response, a second acoustic wave to the first acoustic communication apparatus continuously in constant cycles until a next first acoustic wave is received. Each cycle includes a transmission period and a pause period.

Abstract: The exemplified systems and methods facilitate a nerve conduction block at a target nerve using electrical stimulation applied from one or more electrodes located on a percutaneous lead that are placed in parallel, or substantially in parallel, and without direct contact, to a long axis of the peripheral nerve over an overlapping nerve region of greater than about 3 millimeters. The exemplified system and method can be further configured to block nerve condition without eliciting onset activity and co-excitation of non-targeted structures. The exemplified method and system can be performed using conventional percutaneous leads, though an improved percutaneous lead design is disclosed herein. In an aspect, an introducer is disclosed that facilitates accurate and consistent insertion of the percutaneous lead to the specified or intended position relative to the target nerve. In another aspect, a treatment kit comprising the various system components to treat pain is disclosed.

Abstract: An implantable device that (a) has an analog input configured to detect analog electrical signals and (b) is configured to accept RF commands can be retrofitted to prevent unauthorized access by modifying the software of the implantable device to (1) accept control commands that arrive via the analog input and (2) ignore control commands that arrive via the RF transceiver. Ultrasound communications can then be detected and inductively coupled onto a lead that is connected to the analog input. In some embodiments, the modified implantable device can only be controlled via ultrasound signals at all times to improve security. In other embodiments, the modified implantable device can only be controlled via non-ultrasound signals (e.g., RF signals) for short periods of time after the system has been unlocked in response to receipt of a specific ultrasound signal.

Abstract: Described herein are devices and methods of use thereof for treating dry eye, tired eye, or other forms of ocular discomfort such as from contact lenses. The methods generally include applying spatially and/or temporally patterned stimulation to one or more anatomical structures located in an ocular or nasal region. The electrical stimulation may elicit a reflex that activates the lacrimal gland or may directly activate the lacrimal gland or nerves innervating the lacrimal gland to produce tears. The devices may be implantable or handheld, and may be configured to deliver the spatially and/or temporally patterned stimulation patterns described.

Abstract: At least one of a first medical device and a second medical device may be implanted within a patient while the second medical device may optionally be proximate but external to the patient. At least one of the medical devices has an antenna having at least two electrodes and at least one of the medical devices has an antenna having at least three electrodes. The medical devices can communicate via conducted communication through the patient's tissue between a first pair of electrodes and a second pair of electrodes. At least one of the pairs of electrodes can be selected in accordance with the signal strength of the communication vector between the first and second pairs of electrodes.

Abstract: A method for generating a clinical effects map for electrical stimulation using an electrical stimulation lead includes receiving at least one clinical response for stimulation using each of multiple first sets of stimulation parameters where each clinical response is associated with at least one therapeutic effect or side effect. The method also includes determining, using the clinical responses and the first sets of stimulation parameters, a spatial relationship between the electrical stimulation lead and at least one effect region, where each effect region is associated with at least one of the therapeutic effects or side effects; estimating, based on the spatial relationship, at least one clinical response for each of multiple second sets of stimulation parameters; and generating and presenting a clinical effects map illustrating at least the estimated clinical response for one or more of the second sets of stimulation parameters.

Abstract: A system for a tissue stimulator coupled to an array of electrodes. The system comprises a user-controlled input device configured for generating control signals, and at least one processor configured for generating a plurality of stimulation parameter sets in response to the control signals that, when applied to the electrodes, will shift electrical current between electrodes to modify a region of tissue activation. The processor(s) is further configured for computing an estimate of the region of tissue activation, and for generating display signals capable of prompting a monitor to display an animated graphical representation of the computed estimate of the region of tissue activation.

Abstract: The present disclosure discusses system and methods for improving the efficiency of a remote computing device. The system and methods include generate a profile and delivery schedule for the remote computing device. The system can dynamically update the delivery schedule of future requests the system transmits to the remote computing device based on responses to current request.

Abstract: A subcutaneous implant, including: (a) a circuitry unit having a first end, a second end, a conducting lateral side, and an opposing lateral side; (b) a first electrode, disposed on an outer surface of the circuitry unit and laterally circumscribing the circuitry unit at the first end; (c) a second electrode, disposed on the outer surface of the circuitry unit and laterally circumscribing the circuitry unit at the second end; (d) circuitry, disposed within the circuitry unit, and configured to be wirelessly powered to drive an electrical current between the electrodes; and (e) an insulating member, disposed on the opposing lateral side such that, on the opposing lateral side, each electrode is sandwiched between the insulating member and the circuitry unit, and the insulating member inhibits electrical conduction from the electrodes into the tissue. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to implantable medical devices (IMDs) and methods for use therewith. Such a method includes enabling a communication capability of an IMD during a message alert period and monitoring for a message while the communication capability is enabled during the message alert period. In response to receiving a message during the message alert period, there is a determination whether the message is valid or invalid. If the message is invalid, the message is ignored, and an invalid message count is incremented. A further message is monitored for during the message alert period occurs, when the invalid message count has not yet reached a corresponding invalid message count threshold. The communication capability of the IMD is disabled for a disable period, when the invalid message count reaches the corresponding invalid message count threshold. If a valid message is received, the IMD acts upon information included therein.

Abstract: A medical apparatus has a plurality of movable elements that are remotely displaced. A display device receives inputs for positioning the movable elements from a user. A computing device that is coupled to the display device displays a model of the medical apparatus on the display device. The movable elements are displayed in the model in accordance with the received inputs for positioning. In response to a trigger signal of the user for moving the movable elements, the movable elements are driven so as to adopt the displayed position.

Abstract: In various embodiments, the presently described methods, apparatus, and systems can facilitate decreasing a boot time of a medical device, e.g., an amount of time between when a medical device or system is first turned on or powered on and when the medical device or system is ready to perform its intended function. In some embodiments, the present disclosure can also facilitate conducting tests on the functionality of various operational circuits shortly or immediately after the device/system has been activated. In some cases, the emergency medical devices/systems can report on the status or functionality of operational circuits even before the emergency medical device is fully booted up and ready to perform some or all of its intended functions.

Abstract: A method, programmer for a neurostimulator, and neurostimulation kit are provided. The kit comprises a neurostimulator, and a plurality of elongated lead bodies configured for being coupled to the neurostimulator, each having a plurality of proximal contacts and a plurality of distal electrodes respectively electrically coupled to the proximal contacts, wherein an in-line connectivity between the electrodes and proximal contacts carried by the different lead bodies differs from each other. Electrical energy is conveyed between the electrodes of the selected lead body and the tissue, an electrical fingerprint is measured at the proximal contacts of the selected lead body in response to the conveyed electrical energy, and the selected lead body is identified based on the measured electrical fingerprint. These steps can be performed by the programmer.

Abstract: Medical devices and methods for making and using medical devices are disclosed. An example electrophysiology medical device may include a catheter shaft including a distal end portion and a sensing assembly having three or more terminals. The sensing assembly includes one or more current-carrying electrodes and one or more sensing electrodes. The one or more current-carrying electrodes, the one or more sensing electrodes, or both includes a mini-electrode. The mini-electrode is disposed on one of the other electrodes. The medical device may also include a controller coupled to the sensing assembly.

Abstract: A dysphagia treatment device includes: a current application unit configured to be attached to a target portion of a treated person in order to percutaneously apply current to a biological tissue of the neck including superior laryngeal nerve of the treated person; a control unit configured to control the current application unit such that percutaneous stimulation caused by an interference wave or a pseudo interference wave is applied to the biological tissue of the neck including the superior laryngeal nerve; an operation unit configured to adjust the current to be applied by the current application unit, to a sensory threshold at which the treated person becomes aware of the percutaneous stimulation; and a display unit configured to display index information based on the sensory threshold.

Abstract: An electrode lead having a plug for connecting to an implant having a control device and a communication antenna connected to the control device, and having at least one electrical conductor and one insulating tube insulating the at least one electrical conductor. To simply/reliably transmit information of the electrode lead to the implant (with a low expenditure of energy), a hermetically sealed passive RFID label is embedded: in the insulating tube, and/or in the plug, or in an insulating body of a separate additional part connectable to the insulating tube or the plug. The RFID label has an RFID chip and an inlay antenna connected in an electrically conducting manner to the RFID chip. The inlay antenna is electromagnetically coupled to the at least one electrical conductor and the communication antenna. A corresponding method for identifying an electrode lead and a corresponding implant are also contemplated.

Abstract: Systems and methods for multi-site cardiac stimulation are disclosed. The system includes an electrostimulation circuit to deliver electrostimulation to one or more candidate sites of at least one heart chamber. The system may sense a physiological signal including during electrostimulation of the heart, use the physiological signal to determine a first stimulation vector for electrostimulation at a first left ventricular (LV) site and a second stimulation vector for electrostimulation at a different second LV site, and determine a therapy mode including a first chronological order and a first timing offset between stimulations delivered according to the first and second stimulation vectors. The electrostimulation circuit may deliver electrostimulation to the heart in accordance with the first and second stimulation vectors and the therapy mode.

Abstract: The present disclosure discusses system and methods for improving the efficiency of a remote computing device. The system and methods include generate a profile and delivery schedule for the remote computing device. The system can dynamically update the delivery schedule of future requests the system transmits to the remote computing device based on responses to current request.

Abstract: The present disclosure discusses system and methods for improving the efficiency of a remote computing device. The system and methods include generate a profile and delivery schedule for the remote computing device. The system can dynamically update the delivery schedule of future requests the system transmits to the remote computing device based on responses to current request.

Abstract: A system for inducing emotional response through craniofacial stimulation, comprising an emotion enhancement device that selects a stimulation configuration and directs the operation of a plurality of stimulation transducers based on the selected stimulation configuration. In some aspects the emotion enhancement device is configured to be worn on the head of a human user, and in some aspects the stimulation configuration is selected based on input cues from hardware sensors.

Abstract: This document discusses, among other things, systems and methods for programming neuromodulation therapy to treat neurological or cardiovascular diseases. A system includes an input circuit that receives a modulation magnitude representing a level of stimulation intensity, a memory that stores a plurality of gain functions associated with a plurality of modulation parameters, and a electrostimulator that may generate and deliver an electrostimulation therapy. A controller may program the electrostimulator with the plurality of modulation parameters based on the received modulation magnitude and the plurality of gain functions, and control the electrostimulator to generate electrostimulation therapy according to the plurality of modulation parameters.

Abstract: Selective high-frequency spinal chord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side affects and associated systems and methods are disclosed. In particular embodiments, high-frequency modulation in the range of from about 1.5 KHz to about 50 KHz may be applied to the patient's spinal chord region to address low back pain without creating unwanted sensory and/or motor side affects. In other embodiments, modulation in accordance with similar parameters can be applied to other spinal or peripheral locations to address other indications. In particular embodiments, aspects of the foregoing modulation therapies may be implemented by systems and devices that have simplified functionalities.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for determining the placement of energy-delivery nodes of an energy-based therapeutic device. In one aspect, recommended placement locations are customized by analyzing an image or video of the user and may be superimposed on an image corresponding to an affected body part.

Abstract: The present disclosure discusses system and methods for improving the efficiency of a remote computing device. The system and methods include generate a profile and delivery schedule for the remote computing device. The system can dynamically update the delivery schedule of future requests the system transmits to the remote computing device based on responses to current request.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an improved transcutaneous energy transfer (TET) system that generates and wirelessly transmits a sufficient amount of energy to power one or more implanted devices, including a heart pump, while maintaining the system's efficiency, safety, and overall convenience of use. The disclosure further relates one or more methods of operation for the improved system.