Abstract: The invention concerns a method for cooling containers, wherein cold is generated in a primary circuit containing a cooling medium. Cold is supplied via a heat exchanger to a cold carrier in a secondary circuit. The secondary circuit's cold carrier flows into a container through pipes with releasable couplings, transferring cold to the container through a heat exchanger. Cold is stored in one or more cold stores in the secondary circuit, in or outside the container, for subsequent emission in the event of an interruption in the cold supply. The invention also concerns a cooling system for implementation of the method.

Abstract: A compact rapid chilling system comprises: a liquefied-gas cylinder (1) filled with a liquefied gas; a cylinder holder (2) for holding the liquefied-gas cylinder (1); and, a control box (3) mounted on the cylinder holder (2). The control box (3) is provided with a nozzle (23) for issuing a jet of the liquefied gas through an electromagnetic valve, which liquefied gas is supplied from the liquefied-gas cylinder (1). The control box (3) is further provided with a control switch (25) for controlling the jet of the liquefied gas.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for freezing products or materials to a super-frozen state, storing them until shipment and shipping them in a super-frozen state. The apparatus consists of two self-contained, super-insulated containers. The first apparatus has at least two compartments, one for freezing and one for storage. The product or material to be frozen is placed in the freezing compartment and frozen to a super-frozen state and then transferred to the storage compartment where it is stored until shipment. The second apparatus is a self contained super-insulated shipping container. When shipment is to be effected, product or material is transferred from a storage compartment of the first apparatus in a super-frozen state to the second or shipping apparatus. The doors of the shipping apparatus are closed and the self-contained, super-insulated apparatus containing super-frozen product or material is shipped to a remote venue.

Abstract: The present invention is a system and method for freeze granulation of a medium such as a biopharmeceutical product. The medium is put into a chamber and mixed using a pair of counter rotating agitators. The agitators have angled blades or paddles on them in order to induce motion in the medium parallel to the axis of the agitator shafts. A set of liquid nitrogen and liquid carbon dioxide nozzles are attached to the chamber. The liquid nitrogen nozzles spray a mist of liquid nitrogen into the medium. The liquid carbon dioxide nozzles spray carbon dioxide snow into the chamber. The liquid nitrogen and the carbon dioxide can be sprayed into the chamber at the same time or alternately.

Abstract: A transportable container for carrying refrigerated products in frozen (sub zero Fahrenheit (below -18.degree. C.) or refrigerated (for example, 40.degree. F. (4.degree. C.) temperatures includes a structural container having an insulated outer shell with an access doorway. The upper portion of the container includes a tray or drawer in which are disposed a pair of spaced apart canisters containing liquid refrigerant (CO.sub.2, for example). A gas or liquid feeder tube penetrates each bottle and communicates with an on/off valve. A feeder tube can draw liquid to dispense for cooling, or it can release gas and pressure within the canister to boil the CO.sub.2. When CO.sub.2 reaches its boiling point, the canister, its bracket, and the cold plate reach very cold temperatures to cool the cargo area through conduction. The gas is released through an injection nozzle into the cargo holding area. A temperature regulator valve dispenses CO.sub.

Abstract: A liquid CO.sub.2 storage vessel system for user sites, which receives warm CO.sub.2 and then cools the liquid CO.sub.2 to temperatures below -25.degree. F. before further use. The cooled liquid CO.sub.2 can be at temperatures and pressures of near equilibrium conditions or at sub-cooled conditions. Cooling of the liquid CO.sub.2 is conducted by CO.sub.2 vapor removal from liquid CO.sub.2 ; and is independent from the CO.sub.2 use, so cooling can be conducted during both normal and off hours. The storage vessel can be safely filled from most existing delivery vehicles, and the previously cooled liquid CO.sub.2 in the bottom of the storage vessel can be prevented from mixing with the warmer being-delivered liquid CO.sub.2, so the temperature of the liquid CO.sub.2 immediately going to use is little effected by the delivery being conducted.

Abstract: A fiberglass railcar roof that includes a fiberglass surface with a central portion and plural elongate fiberglass ribs extending transverse to the longitudinal axis of the fiberglass surface. In a first embodiment, the central portion has a cross-sectional configuration that defines a first arc, and the ribs each have broad widths and each extend above the central portion to define a second arc that intersects the first arc. In a second embodiment, the ribs have arcuate cross-sections and extend downward from the lower face of the central portion. Also disclosed are embodiments of the previously described roofs that are configured for use on refrigerated and cryogenic railcars.

Abstract: An improved dry ice pelletizer and method for significantly increased pellet production. The improvement consists of multiple injection ports used for the timed introduction of liquid carbon dioxide into a dry ice extrusion cylinder so that the cylinder can be more completely filled with carbon dioxide snow before extrusion takes place. Part of the improvement stems from the use of a solid mass of carbon dioxide, called a puck, which is chamfered and serves to capture carbon dioxide vapor and snow within the compression cylinder. The resulting improvement in carbon dioxide pellet output is roughly 400% over that achieved by conventional methods. The inventive improvement may also be installed as a retrofit to conventional dry ice pellet extrusion machines.

Abstract: A transportable container (500) for carrying refrigerated products in frozen subzero Fahrenheit (below -18.degree. C.) or refrigerated (for example, 40.degree. F. (4.degree. C.) temperatures) includes a structural container (512) having an insulated outer shell with an access doorway (521). The upper potion of the container (500) includes a tray or drawer in which are disposed a pair of spaced apart canisters containing liquid refrigerant (CO.sub.2, for example). A gas or liquid feeder tube penetrates each bottle and communicates with an on/off valve. A feeder tube can draw liquid to dispense for cooling, or it can release gas and pressure within the canister to boil the CO.sub.2. When CO.sub.2 reaches its boiling point, the canister, its brackets, and the cold plate reach very cold temperatures to cool the cargo area through conduction. The gas is released through an injection nozzle into the cargo holding area.

Abstract: To transport and/or store produce, individual refrigeration units are provided for palletised packages. A load of produce (201) is enclosed by packaging which acts as a gas barrier, e.g., a plastics bag (2), corrugated cardboard, etc. The packaging may optionally also include insulation (200). In one option the refrigeration unit is in or on the pallet (3). The gas flow across the evaporator (15 (i.e., the flow internal to the gas barrier) is kept separate from the gas flow across the condenser (10) (which flow results in heating of the ambient air) by such measures as physical separation of condenser and evaporator and ducting or channels in the pallet. In another option the refrigeration unit sits on the produce. In this case separation of the gas flows may be achieved by sealing of the barrier (e.g., clamping of the mouth of a plastic bag by an O-ring) to a flange encircling the condenser.

Abstract: An apparatus capable of producing carbon dioxide snowflakes for the purpose of cleaning optics and other delicate surfaces. Carbon dioxide tanks (10) send liquid carbon dioxide to nozzles (110) where the liquid is throttled into a mixture of carbon dioxide snowflakes and gas. The snowflakes grow as they move through drift tubes (120) and develop a soft, fluffy, structure capable of wiping a delicate optical surface clean without causing scratching. The flow of snowflakes and gas are scattered by a turbine head (152) which turns by means of a jet of nitrogen gas emerging from a tube (240). Both the nitrogen gas and carbon dioxide flows can be controlled by a nitrogen flow pneumatic valve (212) and a carbon dioxide flow pneumatic valve (42) respectively. Both of these pneumatic valves can ultimately be controlled by a computer (530).

Abstract: A method and system acts to cool matter through the use of a carbon dioxide snow/vapor flow. The matter is supported in juxtaposition to an outlet for the carbon dioxide snow/vapor and a conductor which exhibits a reference potential state. To perform the method, a flow of liquid carbon dioxide is subjected to a pressure expansion to create a flow of carbon dioxide snow and vapor. The carbon dioxide snow and vapor then come into contact with a conductive surface and achieves a charge as a result of frictional engagement with the conductive surface. Thereafter, the carbon dioxide snow/vapor is directed towards the matter to be cooled and the conductor which exhibits a reference potential. The reference potential state attracts the carbon dioxide snow and aids in contact thereof on the matter being cooled.

Abstract: An impingement freezer having a zoned freezing chamber in which the temperature of each zone is independently controllable so that the temperature profile within the impingement freezer is coldest at a zone adjacent the outlet and warmest at a zone adjacent the inlet for maximum thermodynamic usage of the refrigerant. Additionally, the velocity of each of the impingement jets is independently adjustable from zone to zone so that in the zone adjacent the entrance of the freezing chamber, the impingement jets can be adjusted to have maximum velocity to produce maximum heat transfer coefficients and thereby an acceptable rate of cooling within the impingement jet freezer. Impingement jets are formed within nozzles that are tapered in two orthogonal directions to prevent frost build-up. Circulation within the impingement jet freezer is produced by venturi-like devices driven by vaporization of incoming refrigerant.

Abstract: A controlled atmosphere system comprising a plurality of open-ended chambers within an enclosure that may be refrigerated, each chamber provided with a detach-able closure either in the form of a flexible curtain or a solid lightweight partition wherein each chamber is supplied with its own controlled atmosphere.

Abstract: For cooling food products in a container, a distributor pipe for supplying liquid carbon dioxide extends into an interior of the container and a plurality of nozzles are arranged on the distributor pipe so that liquid carbon dioxide is discharged from the nozzles in jets extending substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the distributor pipe and against one another to collide at the midpoint between two neighboring nozzles.

Abstract: In the method and apparatus for transporting/storing chilled goods at a low temperature: a supply area of a liquefied gas such as liquid carbon dioxide, liquefied nitrogen and the like is provided in an upper portion of a hermetically-sealed space; and, the liquefied gas is supplied to the supply area to rapidly chill the interior of the space, whereby such interior is kept thereafter at the substantially same temperature as that of a surface of the chilled goods. The supply area has its bottom and/or side surface constructed of a gas-permeable material such as perforated panels, mesh members, net members and like materials, or of a gas-impermeable thin material such as aluminum foil, synthetic resin sheet or thin panels, metal sheet, non-woven fabrics and like materials.

Abstract: An icing system for a beverage package includes a platform for supporting a container for the package to be iced, a liquid spray nozzle(s) for applying a mist or coating of water droplets to the container, a refrigeration unit for freezing the water droplets on the exterior of the container and a delivery station for presenting an iced package beverage to a customer for consumption. In one embodiment, the entire icing system is contained within a cabinet of a vending machine and preferably the front door thereof. In this embodiment, a can orienting funnel is provided in communication with a gravity feed vent chute within the vending machine cabinet to receive and orient the container on the platform. A linear actuator or elevator coupled to the container supporting platform is provided to move the container seriatim past the spray nozzle(s) and refrigeration unit to the delivery station.

Abstract: The cargo area of a refrigerated box car is cooled by convectors positioned along the upper side and end walls of the cargo compartment of the car. The convectors are cooled by a supply of carbon dioxide snow in a bunker above the cargo compartment.

Abstract: For cooling food products in a container, an apparatus is provided which includes a supply structure for supplying liquid carbon dioxide into the interior of the container and discharging liquid carbon dioxide in the interior to form a carbon dioxide flow, and also has a withdrawing structure for withdrawing carbon dioxide vapors generated in the container and moving them in the vicinity of the supplying structure, so that cold of the carbon dioxide vapors is transferred to liquid carbon dioxide supplied by the supplying structure.

Abstract: For cooling food products liquid carbon dioxide is supplied to a container for storing the food products and discharged in the interior of the container to form snow which covers the food products, while carbon dioxide vapors generated during the discharge are moved in the vicinity of the supplied liquid carbon dioxide so that the cold of carbon dioxide vapors is transferred to liquid carbon dioxide.

Abstract: For cooling food products stored in a container, liquid carbon dioxide is supplied into the interior of the container and discharged through nozzles producing jets directed against one another so as to form carbon dioxide snow for applying on the food product. The jets of the nozzles are adjusted so that a surface of the food product or the tray is uniformly covered with carbon dioxide snow.

Abstract: A self-contained cooler/freezer apparatus for carrying items in a frozen or refrigerated environment. The apparatus comprises a first insulated container which is divided into two portions: a first storage portion where items that are incompatible with a carbon dioxide environment are stored; and, a second portion for storing a solid coolant, namely, solid carbon dioxide or dry ice. The items are placed within a second nitrogen enriched container and this second container is placed within the first storage portion of the first insulated container. Within a short period of time, the dry ice starts to sublimate, thereby forming cold gaseous carbon dioxide which fills the volume of the apparatus.

Abstract: A system for maintaining a cargo in a refrigerated condition over an extended duration employs an insulated enclosure having both a cargo-enclosing portion and a carbon dioxide-enclosing portion separated by an insulated barrier. A finite amount of solid carbon dioxide is placed in the carbon dioxide-enclosing portion at the beginning of the duration. By properly insulating the barrier to provide a rate of heat transfer within a predetermined range, the cargo is maintained in a refrigerated condition without replenishing the solid carbon-dioxide for uniquely lengthy durations. Such durations are especially maximized by employing such enclosures in the form of cargo-carrying containers of generally rectangular shape stackable vertically atop one another and/or in close side-by-side relation to one another.

Abstract: Dry ice snow is used to embrittle thermoset or thermoplastic materials for further treatment. The dry ice snow is formed from carbon dioxide gas directly obtained from naturally occurring carbon dioxide gas wells.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for chilling foodstuffs in which liquid cryogen is more effectively dispersed to chill the foodstuffs and cryogenic vapor generated by the liquid cryogen is used to remove residual liquid cryogen from the apparatus and for other useful purposes including freezing the foodstuffs.

Abstract: An insulated chamber (1) for preservation and transportation comprises a container (2) of carbon dioxide snow provided with a lateral opening (5) permitting the injection, within the container, of liquid CO.sub.2 under pressure by a distribution device (10) connected to a source of liquid CO.sub.2 (6). The distribution device is provided with an electrovalve (18) controlled by a control block (19) comprising a timer permitting selecting the duration of injection of liquid CO.sub.2 into the container (2) to form there a controlled volume of carbon dioxide snow. The installation is useful for the preservation and transportation of fresh food products as well as frozen food products.

Abstract: A protection system for electric motors in refrigerated environments, especially those environments cooled to very low temperatures, includes routing a cryogen coolant through the electric motor. A minimum flow of cryogen coolant is maintained through the motor to prevent ingress of moisture in the motor interior. The arrangement is especially useful with cryogenically cooled refrigeration systems, because the same cryogen coolant used to refrigerate the system can also be used to provide a purging flow of cryogen coolant gas through the electric motor.

Abstract: There is provided a method and apparatus for practicing carbon dioxide particle blasting utilizing dense carbon dioxide pellets which have been formed by converting the solid carbon dioxide into liquid, flowing that liquid within a plurality of die openings, and transforming the liquid back into the solid phase while still within the die opening. This method includes the formation of a carbon dioxide cake within a snow barrel, urging the carbon dioxide cake against an upstream surface of a die plate having a plurality of die openings with such pressure such that the carbon dioxide becomes liquified within or adjacent the entrance of the die opening due to the pressure, responding as a super viscous liquid, and flowing within a portion of the respective die openings as a liquid. Along the length of the die openings, the liquid changes phase back to the solid state, while the die openings maintain compression (accompanying the back pressure) on the CO.sub.2 to create pellets having a high density.

Abstract: A transportable container for carrying refrigerated products in frozen (sub zero Fahrenheit) or refrigerated (for example, 40.degree. F.) temperatures includes a structural container having an insulated outer shell with an access doorway. The upper portion of the container includes a tray or drawer in which are disposed a pair of spaced apart canisters containing liquid refrigerant (CO.sub.2, for example). A gas or liquid feeder tube penetrates each bottle and communicates with an on/off valve. A feeder tube can draw liquid to dispense for cooling, or it can release gas and pressure within the canister to boil the CO.sub.2. When CO.sub.2 reaches its boiling point, the canister, its bracket, and the cold plate reach very cold temperatures to cool the cargo area through conduction. The gas is released through an injection nozzle into the cargo holding area. A temperature regulator valve dispenses CO.sub.

Abstract: A system for maintaining a cargo in a refrigerated condition over an extended duration employs an insulated enclosure having both a cargo-enclosing portion and a carbon dioxide-enclosing portion separated by an insulated barrier. A finite amount of solid carbon dioxide is placed in the carbon dioxide-enclosing portion at the beginning of the duration. By properly insulating the barrier to provide a rate of heat transfer within a predetermined range, the cargo is maintained in a refrigerated condition without replenishing the solid carbondioxide for uniquely lengthy durations. Such durations are especially maximized by employing such enclosures in the form of cargo-carrying containers of generally rectangular shape stackable vertically atop one another and/or in close side-by-side relation to one another.

Abstract: A cryogenic refrigeration system for a container is selectively operable to maintain its cargo in frozen and non-frozen conditions. The system includes a cargo compartment defined by a floor, a pair of opposed side walls, a pair of opposed end walls, and a lower ceiling. A roof is located above the lower ceiling. Upper and lower compartments or bunkers are provided between the lower ceiling and the roof, and are separated by a fixed, non-porous upper ceiling. A plurality of openings extend through the lower ceiling for fluid communication between the lower compartment and the cargo compartment. Upper and lower cryogenic snow-forming devices are provided in the upper and lower compartments, with each snow-forming device having a coupling connecting it to a supply of cryogenic liquid.

Abstract: An elongated CO.sub.2 snow forming header is provided for disposition within an elongated insulated container and includes removably closable liquid CO.sub.2 inlet structure at each of its opposite ends. The header includes a central longitudinal supply pipe into either end of which liquid CO.sub.2 may be admitted and a pair of oppositely laterally spaced header lines supporting snow forming nozzles at points spaced longitudinally therealong for discharging jets of CO.sub.2 snow onto opposite sides of the center supply line. Lateral communicating lines communicate each end of the supply line with corresponding ends of the header lines and the communicating lines open into the supply line in a manner such that rapid inflow of liquid CO.sub.2 past the communicating lines causes an appreciable portion of the liquid CO.sub.2 passing through the header lines to be recirculated through the center supply line.

Abstract: A transportable container for carrying refrigerated products in frozen (sub zero Fahrenheit) or refrigerated (for example, 40.degree. F.) temperatures includes a structural container having an insulated outer shell with an access doorway. The upper portion of the container includes a transverse perforated baffle and positioned above the baffle are a pair of spaced apart canisters containing liquid refrigerant (CO.sub.2, for example). A gas or liquid feeder tube penetrates each bottle and communicates with an on/off valve. A feeder tube can draw liquid to dispense for cooling, or it can release gas and pressure within the canister to boil the CO.sub.2. When CO.sub.2 reaches its boiling point, the canister, its bracket, and the cold plate reach very cold temperatures to cool the cargo area. The gas is released through copper tubing over the cold plate to act as a method for convection. A temperature regulator valve dispenses CO.sub.

Abstract: A device and method for cooling chemical smoke for creating a low lying fog effect comprises first and second chambers arranged in heat exchange relationship, the first chamber comprising an open-ended conduit adapted for maintaining a flow of chemical smoke therethrough, the second chamber adapted for receiving liquid CO.sub.2 under pressure and including vent openings for venting gases from the second chamber into the first chamber for maintaining the second chamber at ambient pressure, the liquid CO.sub.2 transforming to dry ice in situ, and a liquid CO.sub.2 supply system for connecting a source of liquid CO.sub.2 under pressure to the second chamber, whereby the chemical smoke flowing through the first chamber is cooled by the dry ice in the second chamber. Thermal sensor means sense the temperature in the second chamber and control a liquid CO.sub.2 flow control valve in the liquid CO.sub.2 supply system.

Abstract: A multi-temperature cryogenic refrigeration system for a container is selectively operable to maintain its cargo in frozen and non-frozen conditions. The system includes a cargo compartment defined by a floor, a pair of opposed side walls, a pair of opposed end walls, and a lower ceiling. A roof is located above the lower ceiling. Upper and lower compartments or bunkers are provided between the lower ceiling and the roof, and are separated by a fixed, non-porous upper ceiling. A plurality of openings extend through the lower ceiling for fluid communication between the lower compartment and the cargo compartment. Upper and lower cryogenic snow-forming devices are provided in the upper and lower compartments, with each snow-forming device having a coupling connecting it to a supply of cryogenic liquid.

Abstract: There is provided a method and apparatus for practicing carbon dioxide particle blasting utilizing dense carbon dioxide pellets which have been formed by converting the solid carbon dioxide into liquid, flowing that liquid within a plurality of die openings, and transforming the liquid back into the solid phase while still within the die opening. This method includes the formation of a carbon dioxide cake within a snow barrel, urging the carbon dioxide cake against an upstream surface of a die plate having a plurality of die openings with such pressure such that the carbon dioxide becomes liquified within or adjacent the entrance of the die opening due to the pressure, responding as a super viscous liquid, and flowing within a portion of the respective die openings as a liquid. Along the length of the die openings, the liquid changes phase back to the solid state, while the die openings maintain compression (accompanying the back pressure) on the CO.sub.2 to create pellets having a high density.

Abstract: A method and apparatus in which a container is provided with a refrigeration facility. A holder for holding carbon dioxide snow is placed within the interior of the container so that the carbon dioxide snow is in gaseous communication with the interior of the container. The holder or a continuous wall region of the holder, constituting about 15% of the total wall area of the holder, is fabricated of a flexible material that is at least substantially impermeable to the carbon dioxide snow and permeable to gaseous carbon dioxide. Additionally, a combination container and holder is disclosed along with a combination holder and support structure. The support structure is attachable to the container to support the holder so that the carbon dioxide snow is in gaseous communication with the interior of the container.

Abstract: An open top tank is provided for containing a chilling liquid therein to a predetermined level together with a CO.sub.2 injection structure downwardly removably receivable within the tank in a manner substantially fully closing the upper end of the tank and the CO.sub.2 injection structure defines an upwardly opening central duct within the tank opening at its bottom to the interior of the tank. The upper end of the duct opens into a downwardly opening housing supported from the upper end of the duct and the housing includes a downwardly opening portion thereof spaced laterally outwardly of at least one side of the duct. The CO.sub.2 injection structure includes an upwardly directed CO.sub.2 orifice disposed within the lower end portion of the duct spaced below the aforementioned predetermined level and the upward discharge of CO.sub.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to automatically produce blocks of solid CO.sub.2 at low pressure. The apparatus includes at least one closed mold coupled to a liquid CO.sub.2 conditioner and a CO.sub.2 gas recovery system, and a control panel for automatic operation. The method consists in supplying liquid CO.sub.2 to this mold at a low pressure in order to fill the mold with CO.sub.2 snow of low density during a definite period of time, to then raise the pressure inside the mold to an intermediate pressure by supplying liquid CO.sub.2 at this pressure (and at a temperature of approximately -40.degree. C.) to form a dense mass of solid CO.sub.2 which after a definite time will block the admission of CO.sub.2 to the mold, causing a significant pressure drop that is used to create a signal to automatically close off the supply of liquid CO.sub.2 and finalize the production cycle of the block.

Abstract: In the method of the invention, an unknown mass fraction (F) of solid cryogen in a stored cryogenic refrigeration system is determined. The method includes the steps of adding mass (T) of a trace substance which is soluble in the liquid phase of the system. The total mass amount (M) of the cryogen in the system is determined at the time of charging the system. The initial mass concentration (C.sub.I) of the trace substance is determined by dividing (T) by (M). During operation of the stored cryogenic refrigeration system, a small sample of the liquid phase cryogen is extracted from the system. The sample is analyzed to determine the new concentration (C.sub.N) of the trace substance in the sample. The new concentration (C.sub.N) of the sample is dependent on the amount of solid cryogen which has been produced in the system. Thereafter, the mass fraction (F) of solid cryogen in the system is determined by solving the equation:F=1-(C.sub.I /C.sub.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for effecting the cooling of a stream of air or gas by sublimation of dry ice particles utilizes an upwardly directed, variable velocity stream of air to maintain a supply of dry ice particles provided on a moving perforated conveyor in a fluidized bed condition to maximize the rate of sublimation of the dry ice particles. The cooled air may then be employed to effect the rapid and efficient freezing of a plurality of food articles passing through the same insulated chamber as the dry ice particle conveyor is located, or an adjacent insulated chamber.

Abstract: A system for transportation and storage of liquid carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) at low pressures in the region of 1600-2300 KPa comprises a mobile supply tank (20a, 20b) and an on side storage tank (70). The mobile supply tank (20a, 20b) and the on site storage tank (70) are thermally insulated and each tank is refrigerated by a refrigeration system (71) with an evaporator located in the upper gas space of each tank. The on site storage tank (70) is filled with liquid CO.sub.2 by a conduit (36a) extending from near the bottom of the mobile supply tank (20a, 20b) via a filling port (72) on the on site storage tank to an opening near the bottom of the on site storage tank. A closed circuit system is achieved by a further conduit (37a) extending via an outlet port (73) from the gas space near the top of the site storage tank (70) to a gas space near the top of the mobile supply tank (20a, 20b).

Abstract: An apparatus for chilling and carbonating a liquid comprising a source of carbon dioxide disposed in a container the carbon dioxide in a container being capable of existing in both a liquid and gaseous state, the gaseous state above the liquid state. The container has an outlet opening in the top thereof and a dip tube is disposed in a container for selectively accommodating the flow of liquid carbon dioxide from the bottom of the container through the outlet opening. A tank is provided for holding a supply of liquid to be carbonated and a conduit connects the outlet opening of a container to the inlet opening of the tank. An orifice is provided in the conduit for creating a pressure drop to assure that all carbon dioxide flowing through the conduit is in liquid form and is injected in liquid form into the tank to thereby vaporize the injected liquid carbon dioxide and agitate, carbonate and chill the liquid in the tank.

Abstract: The refrigerator, in its internal cavity (2), comprises a compartment (4) in which at least a part manually movable and defining a second internal cavity (5) which is substantially water tight with respect to the first internal cavity (2) and communicating with a gas source containing less oxygen than air, typically consisting of a separation module (17) cyclically supplied with compressed air by means of a moto-compressor unit (19).Application to the long term domestic preservation of fruits and vegetables.

Abstract: A transportable container for carrying refrigerated products in frozen (sub zero) or refrigerated (for example, 40.degree.) temperatures inlcudes a structural container having an insulated outer shell with an access doorway. The upper portion of the container includes a transverse perforated baffle and positioned above the baffle are a pair of spaced apart canisters containing liquid refrigerant (CO.sub.2, for example). A gas or liquid feeder tube penetrates each bottle and communicates with an on/off valve. A feeder tube can draw liquid to dispense for cooling, or it can release gas and pressure within the canister to boil the CO.sub.2. When CO.sub.2 reaches its boiling point, the canister, its bracket, and the cold plate reach very cold tempertures to cool the cargo area. The gas is released through copper tubing over the cold plate to act as a method for convection. A temperature regulator valve dispenses CO.sub.

Abstract: A vented cold tank is provided and partially filled with a eutectic solution. CO.sub.2 snow forming structure is provided within the interior of the tank above the level of eutectic solution therein and liquid CO.sub.2 injection structure is provided in an lower portion of tank below the level of eutectic solution and arranged to create circulation of the eutectic solution within the tank including generally opposite upper and lower horizontal components of movement and generally opposite vertical components of movement of the solution within the tank. The CO.sub.2 injection structure also is operative to educt a portion of the circulating solution from a lower portion of the interior of the tank adjacent the bottom thereof, mix CO.sub.2 snow with the educted portion of solution, and downwardly direct the mixed CO.sub.

Abstract: Apparatus for storing produce under controlled conditions embodied in a transport container (5) for maintaining produce under controlled conditions during transportation. Nitrogen-rich gas and carbon dioxide gas are supplied to the container when required by a compact and efficient system wherein the nitrogen gas is generated from the ambient air surrounding the container using an air splitter (35) and the carbon-dioxide is generated from a store of dry-ice (40).

Abstract: According to the process, there is maintained in a conduit (3), on the downstream side of a valve (5), up to the vicinity of the point A of injection of the CO.sub.2, an intermediate pressure (PI) higher than the pressure (PT) of the triple point of the CO.sub.2. Application in the treatment of waste waters or the deep freezing of food.

Abstract: A transportable container for carrying refrigerated products in frozen (sub zero) or refrigerated (for example, 40.degree. F.) temperatures includes a structural container having an insulated outer shell with an access doorway. The upper portion of the container includes a transverse perforated baffle and positioned above the baffle are a pair of spaced apart canisters containing liquid refrigerant (CO.sub.2, for example). A gas or liquid feeder tube penetrates each bottle and communicates with an on/off valve. A feeder tube can draw liquid to dispense for cooling, or it can release gas and pressure within the canister to boil the CO.sub.2. When CO.sub.2 reaches its boiling point, the canister, its bracket, and the cold plate reach very cold temperatures to cool the cargo area. The gas is released through copper tubing over the cold plate to act as a method for convection. A temperature regulator valve dispenses CO.sub.

Abstract: In order to have a preservation process that is environmentally safe and that prevents bacterial or enzymatic decomposition of the hides, the hides are treated with CO.sub.2 immediately after being pulled off.