Abstract: A cryocrucible permits the introduction of ion clusters of a cryogen, like oxygen or nitrogen, to a vacuum chamber, and preferably comprises a liquid cryogen containment vessel connected to an expansion chamber through a solenoid-actuated valve, a cooling means for maintaining the cryogen as a liquid in the containment vessel, and a nozzle connecting the expansion chamber to the vacuum chamber. Liquid evaporates through the valve into the expansion chamber and, then, forms clusters when it expands further while passing through the nozzle into the vacuum chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for delivery of pure gaseous and liquid forms of cryogen. The apparatus includes a pressure vessel for receiving a liquid form of the cryogen. A liquid-vapor interface is maintained within the pressure vessel by a liquid level detector and a cut-off valve connected to the level detector to vent the gaseous form of the cryogen to the atmosphere when the liquid form falls below a predetermined level. A heated overflow tube projects into the pressure vessel and is positioned at the predetermined level of the liquid. When the liquid rises above the predetermined level, it flowws into the overflow tube and is heated to vapor to add to the gaseous form of the cryogen within the pressure vessel. An outlet conduit is provided for delivering the gas and liquid forms of the cryogen from the pressure vessel. The conduit has a moveable end section located within the pressure vessel.

Abstract: A solar collector absorption cooling system with a primary cooling circuit the evaporator (1) of which is connected with absorber ducts (26) in an absorber formed as a solar collector (12), said absorber ducts (26) including a coolant absorbing compound for the suction of coolant at night hours, and a secondary self-circulating cooling circuit with evaporator tubes (29) located in heat transferring contact with the absorber ducts (26) of the primary circuit to provide an enhanced cooling thereof. The absorber of the primary circuit is carried out as at least one sheet welded absorber panel (24, 25) and is accommodated in a solar collector frame (12) beneath and in parallel to a glass layer (15) facing the incident sun and to a thermal insulating layer (36) on the opposite side of the absorber panel.

Abstract: A pushcart for frozen confectionaries includes a wheel supported insulated cabinet defining a food storage chamber having a rectangular top opening covered by three pivotally connected and removable lid sections. A stainless steel cryogenic tank is supported within the storage chamber under the center lid section and includes an inner wall surrounded by an outer wall to define a closed space therebetween. The inner tank wall defines a cryogenic chamber for receiving liquid nitrogen, and the space between the walls receives a predetermined partial vacuum or gas for precisely controlling the heat transfer from the storage chamber through the tank walls for absorption by the liquid nitrogen.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for supplying gas, especially a cryogenic gas, to a use point at high pressure, especially supercritical pressure, with little or no lag time comprising a gas supply for quickly pressurizing a vaporizable liquid and the vaporization of the pressurized liquid for high pressure gas supply.

Abstract: A storing volume is formed within a box which also houses a temperature detector for detecting the temperature of the gas within the storing volume, a cooling mechanism for cooling the interior of the storing volume, a nitrogen-rich gas supplying device, for supplying nitrogen-rich gas into the storing volume, and a controller which functions in such a manner that it activates the cooling mechanism in response to signals from the temperature detector in order to control the temperature of the interior of the storing volume, and also activates the nitrogen-rich gas supplying device in response to the variation of the gas contents of the storing volume in order to control the gas contents of the storing volume.

Abstract: A cooling process and apparatus which utilizes the lower water vapor pressure above a fluid such as water-salt solutions of, for example, calcium chloride, lithium chloride, lithium bromide or mixtures thereof. Heat is then removed from the fluid by indirect contact with a circulating water stream in a heat exchanger. Water which has taken up heat from the fluid is expanded at reduced pressure to release water vapor and lower the temperature of the water. The water vapor is then absorbed in a salt solution having a higher temperature but a lower water vapor pressure than that of the released water vapor. The remaining water is recirculated to the heat exchanger.

Abstract: Energy and mass are transferred in a system utilizing a gaseous refrigerant which is mixed and sorbed (absorbed/adsorbed) with a liquid carrier selected from the group consisting of long chain alcohols, ethers, glycols, glycol ethers, sebecates, phthalates, aldehydes and ketones, the sorbate/liquid mixture then combined with a particulate solid capable of forming a solid/gas compound with the gaseous refrigerant. The process is carried out in a mass and heat exchange apparatus capable of collecting and transferring the energy created by the formation or dissociation of the solid/gas compound.

Abstract: A method of recycling a portion of the overhead vapor stream to enhance ethane recovery from a demethanizer. After the overhead vapor stream is discharged from the demethanizer, a portion of it, reflux, is compressed in a cyrogenic compressor to a pressure greater than that of the demethanizer. Afterwards the pressurized reflux is chilled in a heat exchanger causing at least a portion of it, and preferably all of it, to condense to a liquid. The pressure of this condensed reflux is then equalized to that of the demethanizer across a recycle valve so that a liquid reflux can be fed back to the top of the demethanizer. This recycling of a liquid reflux enhances ethane recovery as a column bottoms product from the demethanizer.

Abstract: Krypton and a monolithic porous carbon such as Saran carbon are used respectively as the sorbate and sorbent of an adsorption type refrigerator to improve refrigeration efficiency and operational longevity.

Abstract: A method of storing and transforming heat and of generating cold by means of two metal-hydride and metal-hydrogen systems operating in conjunction in closed circulation at different temperatures. Magnesium hydride, especially active magnesium hydride, is employed as a high-temperature hydride. A hydride with a hydrogen-dissociation pressure that is lower than that of the magnesium hydride subject to the conditions of thermal dissociation and higher than that of the magnesium hydride during its recovery is employed as a low-temperature hydride.

Abstract: A system for storing chemical energy comprises first and second vessels, the first containing a liquid solution of an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, halide, or thiocyanate, or ammonium halide or thiocynate at an initial concentration of between about 30% to abotu 80%, by weight, the second vessel containing liquid, a space about the liquid in each vessel and a conduit communicating between the spaces having a valve for selectively allowing liquid vapor to pass between the spaces, means for heating the solution to a temperature above about 80.degree. F., means for cooling the liquid to a temperature below about 55.degree. F., and heat exchange means for transferring heat from the heated solution and for transferring heat to the cooled liquid. Water is the preferred liquid although ammonia, lower alcohols, and polyols such as glycerol, glycols, polyglycols, glycol ethers, lower aliphatic amines and alkanol amines, and mixtures thereof, may be used.

Abstract: A chemisorption thermal system provides a cooling output by revolving an array of thermal elements through heat sink and heat source temperature zones defined within a cylindrical housing. Each thermal element is an enclosed elongated body having an absorbent material at one end and a reactant containing part at the other end. Reactant is desorbed from the absorbent material in one part of the thermal cycle, and then evaporated from the reactant containing part to provide a cooling output in another part of the cycle. It is particularly suitable as a vehicle air conditioner using the engine waste heat as a heat source and the vehicle radiator as a heat sink. The invention also makes use of dry chemical absorbent materials which have high heats of reaction allowing the system to have a high heat capacity and low volume. The thermal cycle may be reversed to provide a heating output.