Abstract: An apparatus (1) for removing non-condensable gases from a refrigerant is described, said apparatus (1) comprising a pipe arrangement (2) having a pipe (3), cooling means (4) for the pipe (3), and venting means, wherein the pipe (3) comprises a connection geometry (5) for a connection to a refrigerant system. Such an apparatus should be operated with good efficiency. To this end the pipe comprises at least a first section (6) and a second section (7) which are directed in different directions.

Abstract: An absorption cooling device includes an expeller (7) for expelling a working agent from an enriched solvent, a first connecting line (11) for transferring said expelled working agent from said expeller (7) to a condenser (9), a second connecting line (15) for transferring said condensated working agent from said condenser (9) to an evaporator (13), a third connecting line (16) for transferring said evaporated working agent from said evaporator (13) to an absorber unit (17), a fourth connecting line (21) for transferring said solvent depleted of working agent from said expeller (7) to said absorber unit (17), a fifth connecting line (19) for transferring said solvent enriched with working agent from said absorber (17) to said expeller (7), wherein in one end of said fifth connecting line a first liquid level (25) of said solvent is formed and on the other end a second liquid level (29) is formed, and the total surface of said second liquid level (29) is smaller than ten times a medium cross-section of

Abstract: The present invention provides a structure of an evaporation region of an absorption diffusion type refrigerating circulation. The refrigerating circulation comprises a generator, a rectifier, a condenser, an evaporator, a concentrated ammonia aqueous solution tank, and an absorber. An ammonia liquid pipe and a hydrogen pipe are arranged in a pipeline of the evaporator. The evaporator at the evaporation region has a simple shape and structure, and can be processed easily, hence saving the space thereof. Because the ammonia liquid pipe and the hydrogen pipe are arranged in the evaporator, the effect of heat exchange thereof is better, and the refrigerating temperature is lower.

Abstract: An absorption diffusion type refrigerating structure comprises a generator, a rectifier, a condenser, an evaporator, a concentrated ammonia aqueous solution tank, and an absorber. The absorber is vertical. A spiral device is disposed in the absorber to lengthen the flow path of diluted ammonia aqueous solution, to extend the time of diluted ammonia aqueous solution in the absorber, and to expand the reaction area of diluted ammonia solution in the absorber, thereby reducing the whole weight, shrinking the volume, and enhancing the refrigerating speed. An ammonia liquid pipe and a hydrogen pipe are arranged in the evaporator. The evaporator has a simple and symmetrical shape, and can be processed and assembled easily, hence saving the space thereof. Moreover, because the ammonia liquid pipe and the hydrogen pipe are arranged in the evaporator, the effect of heat exchange thereof is better, and the refrigerating temperature is lower.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for storing and dispensing a liquid consisting of an oxygen containing mixture so that the liquid will not contain any more than a predetermined concentration of the oxygen at a predetermined pressure. In accordance with the invention, the mixture is introduced into the container at a specified initial concentration. A hypothetical volume of the saturated state of the liquid having the initial concentration is computed that when expanded into the total volume of the container, the resulting liquid would have the maximum enrichment. The liquid is dispensed from a bottom region of the container and dispensing is prevented when the liquid remaining within the container could possibly have the maximum enrichment computed at a particular dispensing pressure. Pressure relief methods are employed that avoid head space vapor being vented.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for shipping a high value liquified gas product using a low value liquified gas product as a cooling medium, the low value liquified gas product having a boiling point lower than the high value liquified gas product, the high value liquified gas product being contained in a first vessel, the low value liquified gas product being contained in a second vessel, which is contained within the first vessel, the second vessel being in heat exchange relationship with the low value liquified product contained in the first vessel whereby heat conducted to and absorbed by the high value liquified product is expended as heat of vaporization of the low value liquified product, thereby maintaining the volume of liquified high value product substantially constant and preventing expensive losses through vaporization thereof.

Abstract: A monitoring apparatus is provided for use in cryogenic storage tanks. The monitoring apparatus is a combination cap and monitoring system. The monitoring system includes a sensor which is submerged in liquid nitrogen, a circuit for detecting changes in resistance of the sensor should the liquid nitrogen level fall to or below a selected level, and an audio output device which generates an audible alarm if the liquid nitrogen falls to or below the selected level.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for storing a multi-component cryogenic mixture as a liquid. The multi-component cryogenic mixture of interest contains at least first and second components. The first component is more volatile than the second component and the second component has a bubble point temperature atmosphere pressure, lower than that of the first component at an above atmosphere pressure. A container is provided in the apparatus for storing the cryogenic mixture. An inevitable heat leakage causes a cryogenic mixture to vaporize so that the vapor phase of the mixture is enriched in the first component and the liquid phase in the mixture is enriched in the second component.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling level of cryogenic liquid in a vessel includes a transfer duct to a pressure supply tank. Pressure pulses are applied to the tank at one rate when the level is below a primary sensor in the vessel, and at a lower rate when the level is above the sensor, so as to compensate for intrinsic declination of the level. At startup a constant pressure is applied to the tank until the level reaches a lower sensor, and a relief valve over the tank is opened when the level overshoots to an upper sensor. Turbulence in the vessel is reduced by a pair of coaxial baffles at the liquid inlet to the vessel, and by a housing with tubular extensions enveloping the sensors.

Abstract: A dual capillary inlet cryogenic test chamber having the ability to continuously regulate temperature between about 1.5 K. and 400 K. A controllably heated capillary tube is located in the cryogenic reservoir, spaced from the test chamber and thermally insulated from the cryogen. This capillary tube has a characteristic impedance to fluid flow. A second low temperature, high impedance capillary tube inlet is also in the cryogenic reservoir and is connected between the cryogen reservoir and the test chamber. The combination of a control system with pressure and temperature feedback, combined with the two inlet tubes of different impedance, enables the apparatus to operate continuously and stably at any temperature within its operating range, or to smoothly sweep through any predetermined temperature range.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for storing and delivering a liquid cryogen. The apparatus is a dewar having a rotating liquid cryogen intake, a rotating gas supply/vent, and a rotating capacitance gauge. The rotating capacitance gauge comprises two elongated plates having outer edges shaped concentrically with the inner profile of the dewar on both ends that are electrically isolated from but fastened to one another with a small gap therebetween and electrical leads to the exterior of the dewar.

Abstract: A cryogen delivery apparatus for delivering cryogen in a saturated state includes a vessel to contain the cryogen in liquid and vapor phases. The vessel has a headspace region and a heat exchanger located within the headspace region for indirectly exchanging heat between the vapor located within the headspace region and a liquid stream composed of the liquid phase of the cryogen. In case the cryogen is introduced into the vessel as a subcooled liquid, the vapor will condense into the liquid phase and the subcooled liquid will be converted into a saturated liquid. The saturated liquid will then be discharged from a liquid outlet connected to the heat exchanger. In the event the liquid enters the vessel as two-phase flow, the vessel will act as a phase separator. A branched supply line is provided having a liquid inlet branch connected to a bottom liquid inlet of the vessel so that a supply stream composed of the cryogen flows into the vessel.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for continuously monitoring the liquid nitrogen level a liquid nitrogen container and automatically refilling liquid nitrogen from a liquid nitrogen reservoir when the liquid nitrogen in the container falls below a predetermined level. The apparatus comprises a liquid nitrogen level sensing element, which contains a superconducting material, such as a YbaCuO type superconductiing material, disposed on a non-conducting substrate, such as magnesium oxide. The superconducting material is selected such that it has a critical temperature approximately equal to the boiling point temperature of liquid nitrogen. The superconducting material is placed near the predetermined level and, under normal conditions, the superconducting material exhibits zero or near zero resistance.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for limiting the level of cold liquid within a vessel by sensing the expansion of cold liquid due to ambient heat leak, and venting pressurized vapor from the vessel to reduce the rate of expansion of the cold liquid.

Abstract: A device for recycling a cryogenic liquid in a circuit (1) comprising at least one section (2) substantially at ambient pressure, the device comprising: a) a first cryogenic reservoir (4) to recover the liquid at the outlet of the section, this reservoir being provided with structure (4.sub.3, 6.sub.1, 7.sub.1, 8.sub.1) to pressurize the recovered liquid, b) a second cryogenic reservoir (5) continuously pressurized in operation and connected to the circuit (1) upstream of the section (2) open to the air to supply it with pressurized cryogenic liquid, the second reservoir being in selective fluid communication (16) with the first reservoir, and c) a device (12) responsive to a predetermined relationship of the levels of filling of the two reservoirs selectively to actuate the pressurization structure (4.sub.3, 6.sub.1, 7.sub.1, 8.sub.1) of the first reservoir (4) so as to transfer into the second reservoir (5) cryogenic liquid contained in the first reservoir.

Abstract: A cryogenic device comprises a vessel to be maintained at a cryogenic temperature. The vessel is mounted on a storage tank in a pressure Eight relationship. Cryogenic fluid under pressure is forced into the vessel through a transfer tube. The temperature in the vessel is controlled by flow of cryogenic fluid through the vessel. A throttle valve in a line leading from the cryogenic vessel regulates the cryogenic fluid flow in relation to a sensed temperature in the vessel.

Abstract: A cryogenic fluid level sensor utilizing a high temperature ceramic superconductor material driven above its level of critical current density, an exterior housing for holding the length of ceramic superconductor material, a support material disposed between the ceramic superconductor material and the exterior housing, and a resilient retention material disposed opposite the ceramic superconductor material for holding the superconductor material while allowing expansion and contraction thereof during thermal cycling. A method of producing a superconductor material having a low level of critical current density and favorable structural properties is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for delivering a cryogen in which a cryogen is stored and delivered in a cryogenic storage facility having three tanks. Each of the tanks is filled with the cryogen in a subcooled liquid state to wash contaminants down toward a bottom region thereof. Thereafter, a minor stream composed of superheated vapor is introduced into the bottom region of each tank to pressurize each tank. A major stream of the superheated vapor is then introduced into each tank to form scrubbed cryogenic vapor in the head space region thereof which is used in forming the product stream. Each tank is subsequently used to dispense the cryogen to a vaporizer to form the superheated vapor which is in turn divided into the major and subsidiary streams.

Abstract: The temperature differential in the vapor-phase storage area of a liquid nitrogen refrigerator is reduced by producing turbulence in the nitrogen gas in the vapor-phase storage area without materially affecting the level of liquid nitrogen in the refrigerator. In one embodiment, turbulence is induced by introducing gaseous nitrogen into the refrigerator chamber near or below the level of the liquid nitrogen. In another embodiment, an atomized spray of liquid nitrogen is injected adjacent the top of the refrigerator chamber to absorb heat from the warmer nitrogen gas and to produce turbulence or circulation in the nitrogen gas in the chamber. In another embodiment, a gas circulating fan is provided in the top of the refrigeration chamber, with the fan being operated in response to a signal indicating that the temperature has reached a predetermined high level at a critical point in the chamber.

Abstract: A semiconductor sensor detects the existence of liquified gases by immersion or approaching the liquid. A high signal amplitude of the sensor permits a simple signal evaluation of high reliability. The sensor permits the realization of filling level measuring devices or level control devices for liquified gases.

Abstract: The sensor assembly includes a sensor tube in communication with the inner tank. A flush line extending from the liquid cryogen fill line is connected to the sensor tube at a three-way valve. The three way valve also connects the sensor tube to a pressure transducer. During normal operation, the sensor tube is in communication with the pressure transducer such that the level of liquid in the dewar can be monitored. When the liquid level falls below a predetermined level, the pressure transducer activates the three-way valve to connect the sensor tube to the flush line and opens a solenoid located in the fill line. As the cryogen liquid enters the fill line, a portion of it is diverted through the flush line, is vaporized and is passed through the sensor tube. The relatively warm gas flow in the sensor tube prevents the formation of ice and eliminates the problems associated therewith.

Abstract: A liquid cryogen is supplied, preferably by means of a reservoir, to a dispensing tube so that the liquid cryogen tends to flow from the dispensing tube. A heating coil wrapped around the dispensing tube heats the dispensing tube so that the liquid cryogen undergoes nucleate boiling within the dispensing tube to form a vapor block, and thereby at least impede the liquid cryogen from flowing from the dispensing tube. Flow is reestablished within the dispensing tube by terminating the heating of the dispensing tube, e.g. by turning off electrical power supplied to the heating coil. The heating of the dispensing tube can be sufficient to stop the flow of liquid cryogen. Additionally, the dispensing tube can be cyclically heated by a timing circuit connected to the heating coil. Such cyclical heating is used to throttle the flow of the liquid cryogen from the dispensing tube.

Abstract: The present invention is an automatic volume fill control apparatus to be used in conjunction with a recovering device which is operable upon being electrically connected to an electrical power source. The automatic control apparatus comprises a control unit electrically interconnected between the electrical power source and the recovering device. The control unit has an electrical circuit which includes an electrical relay switch and connects with a float switch installed in a recovered refrigerant tank. The float switch is normally closed when the refrigerant tank is less than 80% filled, which causes the relay switch to be closed to establish electrical connection between the power source and the recovering device, so the filling of the refrigerant tank continues. When the refrigerant in the tank reaches 80% in volume, the float switch will be opened, which causes the relay switch to open to cut-off the electrical connection between the power source and the recovering device, so the filling process stops.

Abstract: A system for transportation and storage of liquid carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) at low pressures in the region of 1600-2300 KPa comprises a mobile supply tank (20a, 20b) and an on side storage tank (70). The mobile supply tank (20a, 20b) and the on site storage tank (70) are thermally insulated and each tank is refrigerated by a refrigeration system (71) with an evaporator located in the upper gas space of each tank. The on site storage tank (70) is filled with liquid CO.sub.2 by a conduit (36a) extending from near the bottom of the mobile supply tank (20a, 20b) via a filling port (72) on the on site storage tank to an opening near the bottom of the on site storage tank. A closed circuit system is achieved by a further conduit (37a) extending via an outlet port (73) from the gas space near the top of the site storage tank (70) to a gas space near the top of the mobile supply tank (20a, 20b).

Abstract: A cryogenic apparatus is described which is designed to be of a compact size and to provide multiple functions, including chilling of gas or liquid, condensation of condensible vapors, and separation of liquid and gas phases of liquified cryogenic gas. The level and/or temperature of cryogenic liquid in the apparatus is controlled by sensors. An inlet for liquified cryogenic gas and an inlet for fluid to be chilled or condensed pass through an upper closure and outlets for liquid cryogen and chilled or condensed fluid are provided in the lower wall of the vessel.

Abstract: A cryogenic apparatus is described which is designed to be of a compact size and to provide multiple functions, including chilling of gas or liquid, condensation of condensible vapours, and separation of liquid and gas phases of liquified cryogenic gas. The level and/or temperature of cryogenic liquid in the apparatus is controlled by sensors. An inlet for liquified cryogenic gas and an inlet for fluid to be chilled or condensed pass through an upper closure and outlets for liquid cryogen and chilled or condensed fluid are provided in the lower wall of the vessel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cryogen delivery apparatus and method for delivering a flowing cryogen with a regulated cooling potential. The apparatus includes a pressure vessel for receiving a liquid form of the cryogen. A liquid-vapor interface is maintained within the pressure vessel so that a gaseous form of the cryogen having a low cooling potential is situated above the liquid-vapor interface and a liquid form of the cryogen having a high cooling potential is situated below the liquid-vapor interface. An outlet conduit is provided for delivering the gas and liquid forms of the cryogen from the pressure vessel. The conduit has a moveable end section located within the pressure vessel. When the moveable end section is oscillated above and below the level of a liquid-vapor interface, a two-phase flow of cryogen is delivered comprising the pure gaseous and liquid forms of the cryogen.

Abstract: A cryogenic apparatus is described which is designed to be of a compact size and to provide multiple functions, including chilling of gas or liquid, condensation of condensible vapors, and separation of liquid and gas phases of liquified cryogenic gas. The level and/or temperature of cryogenic liquid in the apparatus is controlled by sensors. An inlet for liquified cryogenic gas and an inlet for fluid to be chilled or condensed pass through an upper closure and outlets for liquid cryogen and chilled or condensed fluid are provided in the lower wall of the vessel.

Abstract: A refrigerated chamber includes, inside a metal wall and a foam insulating layer thereof, a sheet metal tank, in which, depending on levels of filling with liquid nitrogen, various compartments of the tank divided by separations, of different height are filled with LN.sub.2. Thereby, different cooling powers are available for varying temperature ranges between ambient temperature and the temperature of the liquid nitrogen. In this way one avoids an excessive consumption of nitrogen. Filling with LN.sub.2 is effected from a separating tank by means of a horizontal small-diameter pipe which during operation of the chamber is always exposed to and cooled by liquid nitrogen. Nitrogen in the form of a sweeping gas emerges in a boiling state from the tank and is guided through a cutting space (41') and can be heated by a heating plate fixed to sheet metal deflectors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for delivery of pure gaseous and liquid forms of cryogen. The apparatus includes a pressure vessel for receiving a liquid form of the cryogen. A liquid-vapor interface is maintained within the pressure vessel by a liquid level detector and a cut-off valve connected to the level detector to vent the gaseous form of the cryogen to the atmosphere when the liquid form falls below a predetermined level. A heated overflow tube projects into the pressure vessel and is positioned at the predetermined level of the liquid. When the liquid rises above the predetermined level, it flowws into the overflow tube and is heated to vapor to add to the gaseous form of the cryogen within the pressure vessel. An outlet conduit is provided for delivering the gas and liquid forms of the cryogen from the pressure vessel. The conduit has a moveable end section located within the pressure vessel.

Abstract: Substance loss is minimized in a station for loading a container with cryogenic substance stored in a tank. A throttle vent valve is provided at the outlet vent of a container being loaded for controlling the differential pressure between the storage tank and the container. The throttle vent valve is adjusted to maintain the differential pressure at a value equal to the optimum differential pressure for minimizing substance loss. The optimum differential pressure is selected by determining the filling loss for a plurality of values of differential pressure and selecting the differential pressure which produces the minimum filling loss.

Abstract: A simple and reliable liquid level control for controlling the level of a cryogenic fluid within an enclosure for an electrical component. This totally mechanical system varies the flow rate of the cryogenic fluid from a supply conduit until the full level is attained at which point the flow is completely turned off. Details of materials used and construction considerations made in order to operate in this somewhat unstable environment are presented. The design includes the passages for exhausting the evaporated cryogenic fluid that is boiled off by the heat from the electrical component in the enclosure.

Abstract: A fluid level controller having a thermal expansion element in the form of cylinder made from polytetrafluoroethylene. The cylinder is located in a container which is connected to a supply of cryogenic fluid by a ball valve. When the cryogenic fluid in the container reaches the level of the cylinder and cools it, the cylinder shrinks and causes a lever to close the ball valve. When the cryogenic fluid falls below the level of the cylinder, the cylinder expands and the lever opens the ball valve and permits cryogenic fluid to flow through the valve and into the container. The cylinder has a heating element disposed in its interior to hasten the response of the cylinder to a change in the fluid level.

Abstract: An ice cube freezing arrangement in an absorption type refrigerator having conduit means conducting hot vapors from a vapor conduit leading from the boiler system to the ice dividing walls and tray for ice cubes. The vapor conduit is normally blocked but opened occasionally in order to release the ice cubes from its tray.

Abstract: An ice cube freezing arrangement in an absorption type refrigerator having conduit means conducting hot vapors from a vapor conduit leading from the boiler system to the ice dividing walls and tray for ice cubes. The vapor conduit is normally blocked but opened occasionally in order to release the ice cubes from the tray. Thus, ice cubes are manufactured with relatively small energy consumption. The control system for ice freezing is completely internal in the refrigerator, which controls the ice making, ice releasing, and the water supply to the ice making device.

Abstract: The evaporator of tubular form of a diffusion-absorption type refrigerating machine has an inlet part closed off from the outside and an outlet part contiguously joined to the tubular outer wall of heat-exchanger and discharges vaporized ammonia as a refrigerant through the heat exchanger to a liquid receiver, and a tube for conducting hydrogen gas as an auxiliary gas from the top of the absorber and another tube of smaller diameter for conducting liquid ammonia from the condenser extend, either side-by-side or with the tube of smaller diameter within the other tube, through the interiors of the heat exchanger and evaporator to the inlet part, where both tubes are open-ended and discharge their respective hydrogen gas and ammonia into the interior of the evaporator at its inlet end.