Abstract: The magnetic ice cube works without a freezer or a refrigerator, and can be stored for indefinite periods at room temperature without losing its cooling potential. The cooling element of the magnetic ice cube consists of an air evacuated sealed heat exchange chamber containing water. The water will boil at low temperature and absorb heat from its environment, if the vapor generated by the boiling water is removed. This is accomplished by a desiccant placed in a separate chamber. The vapor passes through a tube, into the chamber containing the desiccant which removes the vapor. The top portion of the tube is placed in the desiccant chamber, is flexible, and communicates with its environment through a hole in a rubber lined inside magnet. During storage of the device, a force of attraction between the inside magnet and an outside surface magnet causes the inside magnet to press against a rubber layer lining the top inside surface of the desiccant chamber.

Abstract: A cooling device cools a conditioned space (6) by transferring heat from the conditioned space to a working fluid (2) in a heat exchanger (4). A compressor (10) compresses the working fluid (8), which is then condensed in a condenser (14). Heat from the condenser is transferred to a dehydrogenation reaction zone (104) that includes a dehydrogenation catalyst (106) to supply a portion of an endothermic heat of reaction. The catalyst (106) is contacted with an organic hydride (102) to dehydrogenate the organic hydride to form H.sub.2 (108) and at least one dehydrogenation product (110). A combustor (112) burns the H.sub.2 (108) to form combustion products (144) that expand in a turbine (116) to drive the compressor (10). A portion of the heat of combustion is used to supply the remainder of the endothermic heat of reaction required in the dehydrogenation reaction zone (104).

Abstract: A refrigerant containing two or more constituent components that exhibit an endothermic action when mixed with each other, the refrigerant including, as the constituent components, an inorganic salt and a salt hydrate containing at least a hydrate of strontium hydroxide. The refrigerant has a superior cooling capability such as a low attainable cooling temperature and a long duration of the cooled state, and also has no fear of melting or deterioration even where the atmospheric temperature is increased during storage.

Abstract: An endothermic cooler (10) for electronic components (16) in, for example, a missile (12) includes an enclosure (14) having a thermally conductive coupling to the electronic component. A source of water in a first compartment (28) is segregated from salts in a second compartment (30). The salts are capable of providing an endothermic reaction when mixed in a water solution. The two compartments are segregated from one another by a membrane or conduit (32). The membrane is pierced by a spike (34-2 or 34-3) through an actuating mechanism (36) and the conduit is opened by a valve (34-4). Formation of the solution provides cooling for conduction of heat from the electronic component through a thermally conductive plate (24) and its fins (26).

Abstract: A self cooling insert consists of an air evacuated heat-exchange chamber containing water. The water boils at low temperatures and cools the chamber. The cold heat-exchange chamber is then dipped in a beverage to absorb heat from the beverage. The vapor generated by the low boiling point liquid is removed through sorption by a desiccant placed in a separate chamber, on top of the heat exchange chamber. A pipe communicates between the vapor phase of the heat-exchange chamber and the desiccant chamber. A vapor distributor tube in the desiccant chamber conducts the vapor to the top surfaces of the desiccant. The temperature changing potential of the device can be preserved indefinitely by a barrier which blocks the communication between the chambers. The barrier is mechanically linked to a magnet inside the insert. The inside magnet is manipulated by an outside magnet placed in proximity to surface of the insert. The barrier is kept in its blocking position by a force of attraction between the magnets.

Abstract: The invention consists of sorption self cooling and self heating containers in which magnetic means are used to activate the containers. Water in an air evacuated chamber boils at low temperature and cools its surroundings. The vapor generated by the low boiling point liquid is removed by sorption by a desiccant placed in a separate chamber. The sorbed vapor heats the desiccant and it surroundings. The temperature changing potential of the device can be preserved indefinitely by a movable magnet-responsive iron barrier which prevents a communication between the liquid and desiccant chambers. The temperature changer is activated by an outside magnet which moves the magnet-responsive barrier.

Abstract: The body cooler consists of a wearable network of coils which contain a solid which absorbs heat when dissolved in water. The cooling action is initiated by the addition of water to the network through more than one conduit communicating between the portions of the network and a water source. The degree cooling is regulated by opening of closing of individual conduits which conduct the water to the portions of the network.

Abstract: The invention consists of a cooling system that can be worn and travel with the person using the cooling system. Flexible inter-communicating containers (such as coils), are adapted to fit body contour and function as heat removers. The containers are incorporated into clothing, or applied directly to the body. Water under a vacuum in the containers boils at low temperature and removes body heat. Vapor generated by the boiling water re-condenses into water in a communicating portable cold container, which is cooled by portable ice packs, or by endothermic chemical reactants. The degree of cooling can be controlled by regulation of the degree of the communication between the the heat remover containers and the cold condenser container. The re-condensed water returns spontaneously to the heat remover containers by force of gravity. The cooling device can be incorporated into any object which forms a direct or an indirect contact with a person using the device, such as medical casts, and cold compresses.

Abstract: A cooling system inside a beverage can bottom which is activated by pressing a bubble or combination or bubbles formed in the top of the can. The bubbles are internally connected to pin rods interconnected to one or more capsules located in the bottom of the can. The capsules contain a gas, usually in a liquid form such as liquid nitrogen or air. Pressure on a bubble causes the pin rod to activate a capsule or capsules thereby releasing gas into a closed loop plate system positioned within the can. The gas is of a type which causes the plate system to cool, thereby cooling the beverage in contact with the plate system.

Abstract: An endothermic cooler (10) for electronic components (16) in, for example, a missile (12) includes an enclosure (14) having a thermally conductive coupling to the electronic component. A source of water in a first compartment (28) is segregated from salts in a second compartment (30). The salts are capable of providing an endothermic reaction when mixed in a water solution. The two compartments are segregated from one another by a membrane or conduit (32). The membrane is pierced by a spike (34-2 or 34-3) through an actuating mechanism (36) and the conduit is opened by a valve (34-4). Formation of the solution provides cooling for conduction of heat from the electronic component through a thermally conductive plate (24) and its fins (26).

Abstract: The invention consists of improvements in disposable and reuseable sorption temperature changers which eliminate the necessity of using valves which perforate the walls of the device. This facilitates the preservation of a long term leak proof air vacuum in the device, and reduces the cost of the device. Water in an air evacuated chamber boils at low temperature and cools its surroundings. The vapor generated by the low boiling point liquid is removed by sorption by a desiccant placed in a separate chamber. The sorbed vapor heats the desiccant and it surroundings. The temperature changing potential of the device can be preserved indefinitely by a barrier which prevents a communication between the liquid and desiccant chambers. The temperature changer is activated by a pliable or flexible surface portion which punctures or dislocates the barrier between the chambers.

Abstract: A container, having a plurality of microspheres, the microspheres containing substances, which when liberated from the microspheres, result in an endothermic or exothermic reaction or change of state resulting in a temperature change to the proximate container and contents contained therein, for bringing the contents to a substantially cooled or heated condition with respect to starting temperature.

Abstract: A cold compress includes a generally flat self-contained cooling member adapted to undergo an endothermic reaction upon physical manipulation. A generally thermal wetting member which includes a liquid is provided in thermal contact with the self-contained cooling member. An envelopment is provided for sealingly enclosing at least the wetting member including the liquid. The self-contained cooling member includes a substances which undergoes an endothermic reaction upon physical manipulation, whereby heat is absorbed from the wetting member into the self-contained cooling member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and method for warming biological fluids. The portable self-contained device which warms physiological fluids including blood is comprised of a reaction container which is capable of storing at least one chemical which when mixed with a second chemical will produce an exothermic chemical reaction, a mixing means for mixing the two chemicals to produce the exothermic chemical reaction, a heat exchanger to absorb heat from the exothermic reaction and transfer it to the physiological fluid or blood, a temperature regulating means to regulate the maximum temperature of the device and an insulating container for enclosing the reaction means, heat exchanger and temperature regulating means. The method of rapidly heating the stored cold physiological fluids including blood to about 39.degree.

Abstract: A solid emdothermic reactant is distributed in flexible tubes adapted to fit body contour. Means are provided to fix the solid endothermic reactant in evenly distributed spots in the coils. The tubes are adapted to be worn like a vest in close proximity to body surfaces. When a cooling effect is desired water is added to the tubes to initiate the endothermic cooling reactions.

Abstract: Device for producing cold and/or heat by a solid gas reaction comprising a first and a second reactor each of which contains a salt capable of reacting by absorption with a gas by an exothermic reaction, the first reactor being in communication in a first operating stage with an enclosure intended to retain the gas, the second reactor being in communication, in the first operating stage, with an enclosure intended to release the gas, according to the invention, each reactor comprises a different salt. A device comprising four reactors provided with three different salts is also described.

Abstract: A warmer used to warm fluids, such as blood or the like, passed into the human body. Air is introduced through an opened windowed membrane to expose chemicals in a container. A chemical reaction with the air causes a heat reaction of the chemicals. A tube engages in a trough in the container adjacent where the chemical reaction takes place, thereby absorbing the heat of the chemical reaction for warming the fluids, such as blood, saline solution, injectable solutions in trauma, pre-surgical, intra-surgical, post-surgical and any other solutions through the tube.

Abstract: Gas phase and liquid phase processes are disclosed which use interconversion of CF.sub.3 CHFCl and CF.sub.2 HCF.sub.2 Cl in contact with catalyst consisting essentially of halided aluminum oxide and/or aluminum halide at elevated temperatures to increase the mole ratio of one of said compounds in a composition relative to the other. Also disclosed in use of said interconversion along with hydrogenolysis in processes for producing mixtures of CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 F and CF.sub.2 HCF.sub.2 H from certain compositions comprising CF.sub.2 HCF.sub.2 Cl such that the mole ratio of CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 F to CF.sub.2 HCF.sub.2 H in the product mixtures produced from said compositions may be increased or decreased.

Abstract: In a process for adsorption cooling/conditioning of rooms, working media are used which comprise saturated aqueous solutions of calcium salts with an added organic polyhydroxy compound. The working media are distinguished by high salt contents and low salt precipitation temperatures at very low water vapor partial pressures and are suitable for use in continuously operated adsorption/desorption cycles of adsorption cooling/conditioning systems having high coefficients of performance.

Abstract: The structure of the present invention comprises a self-cooling container in which a segregating wall is used to divide the container into a beverage chamber and a cooling chamber, the latter having a reaction chamber mounted therein, which in a preferred embodiment is of an elongated cylindrical shape. The reaction chamber cylinder of the present invention provides an inverted funnel-shaped bottom surface for receiving the flow of beverage from the beverage chamber portion of the container through a feed-through at the bottom of the segregating wall thereof. The funnel leads to a flow tube which is positioned in axial alignment with the cylinder, preferably through the center thereof and defining an inner wall of the reaction chamber. The reaction chamber houses a combination of chemical materials separated by a readily broken sealing device from a selected volume of distilled water, which rfeleased into the chemical constituents, initiates an endothermic reaction which extracts heat from the beverage.

Abstract: An automatic rapid heating can mainly characterizes that an elongated cylindrical sealed container is joined to the center of the inner rim of the bottom cover of the packing can and is also contained in the packing can; in said heating can where two kinds of separately isolated proper chemicals are stored, and a can opening device is joined to the outer rim of the bottom cover at the opposite position of said container, furthermore, a protective cover is sleeved on the bottom of the packing can on the outer side in order to safeguard the opening device free from collision. During using, the user has to employ the opening device to pierce through the bottom cover and the separation layer for the chemicals to make the two chemicals generate violent chemical reaction, so that the heat released is completely absorbed by the drink or beverage or food stored and packed in the can to make the beverage or food rapidly achieve the heating effects.

Abstract: One version of the invention provides a method for cooling and maintaining an object at a substantially constant temperature. The method includes adding a salt that dissolves endothermically in water to a mixture containing at least water, a surfactant and an emulsified thermal buffer. The "salt:water:thermal buffer" ratio is such that the reaction provides sufficient endotherm to cool the system to the freezing point of the thermal buffer and effect at least a partial phase change of the thermal buffer. Another version of the invention provides a device for effecting the method. The device has a reaction compartment consisting of two portions separated by a frangible barrier, one portion containing the emulsified thermal buffer in water and the other portion the salt that dissolves endothermically into solution. One specific version of the device is a container for transporting an amputated extremity such as a severed finger to another location for replantation.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions which contain a chlorofluorinated ether and at least one solvent, and their use in thermal absorption apparatus for the generation of heat or cold.In the compositions according to the invention, the chlorofluorinated ether is 1-difluoromethoxy-1,1,2-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (enflurane: CF.sub.2 H--O--CF.sub.2 CHFCl) and the solvent is selected among aromatic esters and .omega.,.omega.'-dialkylated polyoxyethylene glycols.The present invention can be particularly applied in the heating and refrigeration areas using absorption systems such as, for example, heat pumps.

Abstract: A two-compartment thermal pack for applying cold to an object including a particulate mixture of a solute and time-delayed gelling agent in one compartment and a liquid solvent in another compartment.

Abstract: A metal can includes a metal tube having an open end sealed to a closed end of the can. The closed can end has a first score line defining a first area of the can end to be detached from the can so as to provide a common access, including a first access to an interior of the can and a second access to an interior of the tube. The closed can end further has a C-shaped score line formed within the first area thereof defining a second area which has a nondetachable portion bendably connected with the first area. The second area may be detached from the can so as to form an aperture right above the open end of the metal tube. A pull tab is attached to an upper side of the second area. A second score line is formed on the metal tube defining an arcuate area adjacent the open end of the metal tube which has a nondetachable portion perpendicularly connected to a lower side of the first area.

Abstract: A reusable thermal packaging assembly comprises a plurality of capsules each having a flexible outer skin containing a thermal controlling agent which can maintain a predetermined temperature range for an extended period of time. The capsules are packed around one or more items which are to be maintained in a controlled temperature environment over an extended period, and are designed also to provide cushioning of the or each item against shocks. The capsules may be used with a suitable insulated container or may be provided in a continuous sheet in bubble pack form to be wrapped around items to be packed.

Abstract: Self cooling and self heating beverage containers utilizing water, the boiling point of which has been lowered by a vacuum as the working cooling fluid. A dessicant in a separate container sorbs the vapor generated by the boiling water. The sorption of vapor by the dessicant raises the temperature of the dessicant and limits its vapor sorbing abilities. Provision is made to lower the temperature of the dessicant chamber. In one version of the invention the dessicant chamber is constructed of good heat conducting material, and is immersed in a water bath, to lower the temperature of the dessicant chamber. Alternatively, the outside surfaces of the dessicant chamber are coated with a wick like material. Pre-packaged water is provided to wet the coated dessicant chamber surfaces. The dessicant chamber is then cooled by natural evaporation of the water. In a related improvement, a beverage to be heated is used instead of water as the cooling medium.

Abstract: This invention relates to a bottom ejection type instant cooling easy-opener which can be instantly cooled down while producing a colorful gas and a whistling sound effect, wherein the easy-opener is having a circular convex (concave) seat made on the inner bottom and fixedly connected with one layer of adhesive material, a cylindrical cooler, a resilient sealing element and a metal plate; a metal injection needle having a rubber adapter connected at one end for further connection with a straw, and a whistle means set at the bottom of the circular convex (concave) seat, and wherein said metal injection needle is used to pierce through said resilient sealing element to let the instant cooling agent of the cylindrical cooler be exhausted to instantly cool down the easy-opener and to concomitantly produce a colorful gas and a whistling sound.

Abstract: A Freon type refrigerant, which is vented from a heat exchange system, such as an air-conditioner, is transferred directly from the exhaust valve of the heat exchange system through a tube to a collecting cylinder or tank. The outer metal side walls of the collecting tank are wrapped with a chemically activatable cold wrap. The cold wrap may, for example, contain therein a rupturable pouch having a chemical blend of ammonium nitrate and urea to isolate same from water within the cold wrap. Upon rupturing of the pouch, the chemical blend is dissolved in the water and an endothermic reaction is initiated. As a result, the heat within the tank is absorbed therefrom by the cold wrap causing the temperature and pressure inside of the tank to drop. This permits substantially all of the refrigerant in the heat exchange system to be transferred into the chilled tank in a condensed or liquid state.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pressure responsive valve which is opened upon a change in pressure so that there is fluid communicating between a first and second chamber. The valve, though useful in connection with any pressurized container or environment, is shown in conjunction with a self-contained, rapid cooling device that retains heat produced from the cooling process and can be stored for indefinite periods without losing its cooling potential. A liquid in a first chamber undergoes a change of phase into vapor, which cools the first chamber. A sorbent in a second chamber is in fluid communication with the vapor and removes the vapor from the first chamber. The cooling process is facilitated by lining the interior surface of the first chamber with a wicking material to retain the largest possible contact between the liquid and the first chamber as the level of the liquid lowers during the vaporization process.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved heat sink composition and a method for preparing said composition to protect thermolabile goods from degradation or destruction from high temperatures. A representative composition includes sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate decahydrate (also known as Glauber's salt) and fumed silcon dioxide, a hydrophilic suspension agent which maintains the excess anhydrous sodium sulfate in uniform suspension when the composition is in a liquid state. In a preferred embodiment, the salt prior to use is dissolved in water, and driven to saturation, the hydrophilic agent is added, and the suspension driven to an over saturated state by the additional of from 1 to 30% anhydrous salt. The composition is then sealed in a plastic container of the desired shape to form an improved heat sink. The goods to be protected are packaged with the heat sink, whose salt hydrate has a melting point about 3.degree. C. to about 5.degree. C.

Abstract: Energy and mass are transferred in a system utilizing a gaseous refrigerant which is mixed and sorbed (absorbed/adsorbed) with a liquid carrier selected from the group consisting of long chain alcohols, ethers, glycols, glycol ethers, sebecates, phthalates, aldehydes and ketones, the sorbate/liquid mixture then combined with a particulate solid capable of forming a solid/gas compound with the gaseous refrigerant. The process is carried out in a mass and heat exchange apparatus capable of collecting and transferring the energy created by the formation or dissociation of the solid/gas compound.

Abstract: A highly reliable activator is provided for initiating the crystallization or destabilization of a super-cooled aqueous salt solution to cause generation of heat in a heat pack. The activator is characterized by a plurality of slits in a flexible metal article, with the opposing sides of the slits being in contact along at least a part of the length of the slit, and by an eroded and roughened surface on said article which comprises a number of minute metal nodules attached to and protruding from the surface, especially at or near the slit, which nodules are adapted to be detached or broken-off upon flexing of the activator. In addition the method of preparing said unique activator is provided which comprises tumbling said slit activators with an eroding material such as garnet powder to form the small nodules.

Abstract: A thermal pack including an outer pouch having a pair of opposed faces arranged generally parallel to each other and defined by a single sheet of plastic film folded along a predetermined fold line. A second sheet of plastic film is disposed between the pair of opposed faces. A continuous weld line circumscribes the periphery of the faces, with the weld line bonding together the periphery of the faces and the periphery of the second sheet to define first and second volumes within the outer pouch. The second sheet provides a common wall between the first and second volumes. A heat transfer material is disposed in the first volume and an insulating layer is disposed in the second volume, substantially covering the second sheet.

Abstract: An improved heat exchange system incorporates the cooling created by using a metal salt/ammonia ligand complex compound which is alternately heated and cooled to alternately desorb and adsorb, respectively, the ammonia creating useful cooling or refrigeration in the temperature range of between -65.degree.C. to 15.degree. C.

Abstract: A specially designed beverage container includes a centrally disposed conduit containing two separate reactants. The reactants are separated by a plastic membrane, and the membrane may be manually ruptured to effect a mixing of the reactants. The reactants, which comprise ammonium nitrate and distilled water, produce an endothermic reaction when mixed which in turn results in a rapid cooling of the beverage retained within the container.

Abstract: A self-cooling container is provided having a hollow body with a cooling chamber and directing means for directing the flow of a portion of a beverage therein in contact with the cooling chamber to cool predominantly the next-to-be-consumed portion of the beverage.

Abstract: The invention relates to heating containers and, more particularly, to a handy heating container in which food or drink, canned or otherwise, to be heated, such as "sake", coffee, soup, curry, or the like, is set ready for being heated. The heating container has a water discharge device provided on the underside of a solution package containing water or a solution consisting principally of water; and the solution package and a heat generating material are housed in a retainer portion. With this arrangement, exothermic reaction progresses upward from the bottom portion of the heat generating material so that the can is efficiently heated. Furthermore, any water vapor produced is absorbed by the upper portion of the heat generating material so that water vapor jetting through the gap between the can and the container or blowing out of the can is effectively prevented.

Abstract: A self-cooling container for the cooling of a beverage without the use of external refrigeration is provided utilizing an endothermic chemical reaction as the cooling mechanism. The cooling mechanism, located in an inner chamber within the container, is easily and safely actuated.

Abstract: Extended period cooling packs are provided by employing reaction mixtures of coated particulate matter and a liquid reactant, where the liquid reactant reacts with the particulate matter in an endothermic reaction. The coating acts to slow the rate of reaction between the reactants, so as to extend the period of cooling.

Abstract: A self-heating foodstuff container is capable of generating heat by utilizing an exothermic reaction and includes a body having a first chamber for containing a foodstuff and a second chamber for receiving an exothermic reaction agent, and a liquid container including a body portion and a conduit connected to the body portion for discharging the liquid into the second chamber. The body portion is disposed outside of the second chamber and is capable of contracting upon pressure. The container further includes a support member carrying the body portion and slidably mounted with respect to the body in such a manner that the sliding movement of the support member presses the body portion and causes the liquid to discharge through the conduit into the second chamber for initiating the exothermic reaction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a single-use heat transfer packaging for drinks and foodstuffs which comprises a receptacle containing drink or food to be consumed, a thermal capsule being immersed at least partially into the drink or food, the said capsule having a portion which is deformable by pressure or by traction, triggering an exothermal or endothermal chemical reaction. The invention is applied mainly to the preserved foodstuffs and pharmaceuticals industries.

Abstract: The invention describes portable cooling and heating devices and their process of operation in accordance with the adsorption principle utilizing the adsorption substance pair of zeolite-water. The devices operate without substance and heat exchange from the environment, in that the evaporation heat originates from the solidifying heat of a non-evaporating amount of water and that the released adsorption heat is stored in the form of tangible heat of the zeolite filler. The ice which had been generated during the adsorption process is suitable for human consumption.

Abstract: A container for self-heating or self-cooling drinks or foodstuffs housed in the container has a diaphragm and a breaker capable of completely shattering the diaphragm with ease for delivering a liquid reactant to an exothermal or endothermal solid reactant. The container is partitioned into three chambers. One chamber contains drinks and foodstuffs, one contains exothermal or endothermal solid reactants, and one contains a liquid reactant. The diaphragm is made of thin prestressed glass partition between the reactant chamber containing the exothermal or endothermal solid reactant and the chamber containing the liquid reactant. Actuation of the breaker forms a large hole by shattering the prestressed glass diaphragm. The liquid reactant passes through the hole and contacts the exothermal or endothermal reactant, and the ensuing exothermal or endothermal reaction releases or absorbs energy to rapidly heat or cool the drinks or solid foodstuffs.

Abstract: A method for cooling the extracranial area including the face and, optionally, also including the mandible, during emergency care of cardiac arrest or severe shock; the method is preferably implemented by means of a hood- or cap-like topical cold pack which requires no refrigeration. Extracranial cooling causes two thermal changes in the physiology of the cardiac or respiratory patient: extracranial vasoconstriction promotes maximum perfusion to the brain during CPR or severe shock, and the resultant conductive intracranial cooling lowers the oxygen demands of the individual brain cells, particularly those of the cerebrum. These two phenomena together postpone damage to brain cells in the event of cardiac arrest or severe shock. Cooling also thermodynamically slows any degenerative processes which may have already commenced. The hood- or cap-like topical cold pack contains the unreacted constituents of an endothermic reaction, such as pellets of ammonium nitrate (NH.sub.4 NO.sub.

Abstract: The temperature changers consist of at least 2 communicating chambers. One chamber contains a partial air vacuum which lowers the boiling point of water present in the chamber. A second chamber contains a dessicant which adsorbs or absorbs the vapor generated by the boiling water in the water chamber. Inner support bodies between the walls of the chambers prevent the walls of the chambers from collapsing during the presence of the vacuum inside the chambers. Pores and channels inside the support body provide inter-communicating free spaces inside the chambers. In the present invention the heat exchange surfaces of the chambers are structurally adapted to be completely immersed in a beverage to increase the heat transfer actions of the surfaces. In a modified form of the invention multiple dessicant chambers with separate communications with the water chamber are used.

Abstract: A container assembly to provide a cooling environment for a severed extremity to facilitate transporting of the extremity to a hospital or other similar location for the purpose of facilitating replantation of the extremity to the patient. The container assembly provides for a flexible walled inner container mounted inside of a flexible walled outer container. A single access opening facilitates entry only into the inner container. The inner container is adapted to receive the severed extremity as well as a quantity of saline solution or the extremity wrapped with a cloth soaked with the saline solution. There is an outer container located around the inner container. Within the outer container is located a chemical cooling medium that, when activated, causes a significant reduction in temperature of the environment located within the inner container.

Abstract: A liquid thermal accumulator composition comprising a dicarboxylic acid anhydride, an alcohol and a monoester of the dicarboxylic acid and the alcohol. A process for accumulation of thermal energy utilizing said composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention discloses an improved chemical heat pump system utilizing a reversible decomposition reaction-addition reaction system, wherein a gaseous product is generated by said decomposition reaction. The present system can realize a large coefficient of performance (C.O.P) by introducing into the heat pump system, a separation stage (to separate the decomposition reaction mixture circulating in the system into a gas phase and liquid phase) and then compressing each gas phase and liquid phase separately. By choice of the chemical reaction system, the present system is able to meet various requirements concerning temperatures of the lower heat source and the higher heat source. The present system is superior to conventional systems in reducing attrition of the heat pump apparatus.

Abstract: An improved heat exchange system incorporates the cooling created by using a metal salt/ammonia ligand complex compound which is alternately heated and cooled to alternately desorb and adsorb, respectively, the ammonia creating useful cooling or refrigeration in the temperature range of between -65.degree. C. to 15.degree. C.