Abstract: Disclosed is a para-bi-cycling knee joint prosthesis for interconnecting a prosthetic lower leg and a prosthetic thigh, the knee joint prosthesis including an upper body portion configured to support a socket adapter, for connection with a prosthetic thigh; a lower body portion extending from the upper body portion and configured to connect with a prosthetic lower leg; a pair of ball bearings mounted on ends of a pivot shaft, the pivot shaft forming un upper part of the lower body portion, the upper body portion having left and right upper body portions, each configured to receive the external surface of one of the bearings, thus enabling rotation between the upper and lower body portions; the rotation allowing for flexion between the upper and the lower body portions of at least 140 degrees; and the upper body portion having an extended surface configured to engage a complementarily-shaped surface of the lower body portion, to prevent the backward rotation of the knee joint.

Abstract: A hinge for a brace comprises a tensioning element such as an inelastic cord for applying a restorative force to the hinge. A tensioning mechanism, preferably a hydraulic spring, tensions the cord as the hinge is moved from a rest position to a loaded condition. A tensioning member having a peripheral cam surface applies a tensioning force to the cord as the hinge is moved out of the rest position. The tensioning block and the anchoring block may be operatively geared together along an arc of motion so as to provide a generally symmetrical motion of the tensioning and anchoring portions relative to the gusset. When an external force is applied to move the hinge from the rest position the tension on the cord loads the spring, and when the external force is removed the spring applies a restorative force to move the hinge back to the rest position. Optionally the tensioning member may be configured to be disengaged and reengaged by an external actuator.

Abstract: A polycentric knee joint including an adjustment-free multi-stage prosthesis air cylinder. The air cylinder has an air cylinder body, a piston assembly slidably mounted on the air cylinder body, a first check valve mounted in the piston, and a multi-stage air pressure valve mounted inside a lower air way of the air cylinder body. The multi-stage air pressure valve automatically cushions movements of the piston assembly without being adjusted whenever a user of the prosthesis joint walks slowly or quickly, for improved comfort.

Abstract: A prosthetic knee joint includes an upper part, a lower part which is arranged pivotably to the upper part, a fastening device arranged on the upper part for a proximal prosthetic element, a fastening device arranged on the lower part for a distal prosthetic element, a four-limbed joint system with four linkages articulatedly fastened to each other, which are each pivotable to each other around a pivot axis, wherein the upper part is arranged on the joint system. The joint system may be mounted pivotably on the lower part from a starting position counter to a spring force during a stance phase flexion, and the action line of the spring force may be aligned such that a moment acting against an inflexion of the joint system is present.

Abstract: A movable joint for use in a prosthetic or orthopedic system includes first and second joint sections arranged to rotate relative to one another. At least one shaft member is attached to and arranged to rotate relative to the first or second joint sections. A translating member is attached to the at least one shaft member. Translation of the translating member along a length of the at least one shaft member drives rotation of at least the first joint section and the second joint section.

Abstract: An actuator includes a plurality of power transmitters configured to transmit power sequentially, and an elastic element configured to connect a first power transmitter and a second power transmitter that are adjacent to each other and perform a coaxial rotation motion, among the plurality of power transmitters.

Abstract: A valve block for an active suspension damping system of a vehicle includes a valve housing delimiting an interior space for connecting to a shock absorber of a wheel suspension system, and a valve piston movably guided in the interior space. The valve piston divides the interior space into a connecting space and a control space. A connecting duct communicates with the connecting space for hydraulically connecting to a damper volume of the shock absorber. At least one connector duct communicates with the connecting space for connection of a hydraulic line. A control duct communicates with the control space for applying a control pressure in the control space. The valve piston has a plug for closing the connecting duct in a closed position of the valve piston in the interior space and for opening the connecting duct in an open position of the valve piston in the interior space.

Abstract: A multi-articulated link knee joint includes: a knee unit in which an upper link member is structured to rotate relative to a lower link member by a multi-articulated link mechanism including a plurality of link members including the upper link member and the lower link member; a driven member to move in accordance with the rotation of the upper link member; a position detector for detecting the position of the driven member, the position detector provided at the lower link member; and an angle detector for obtaining the bending angle of the knee unit from the position of the driven member.

Abstract: An exoskeleton includes first and second supports coupled to an exoskeleton wearer, a joint connecting the first support to the second support and an actuator. The actuator includes a ball screw, a ball nut assembly coupled to the ball screw and first and second tensile members. The ball nut assembly has first and second cord reactors. The first tensile member is routed through the first cord reactor, and the second tensile member is routed through the second cord reactor. Movement of the ball nut assembly along the ball screw in a first direction causes the second support to move relative to the first support in a first rotational direction about the joint. Movement of the ball nut assembly along the ball screw in a second direction causes the second support to move relative to the first support in a second rotational direction about the joint.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus provide an artificial knee. Such artificial knees may include a thigh link configured to move in unison with a thigh of the person, a shank link configured to be rotatably coupled to the thigh link, and a compression spring rotatably coupled to the thigh link at a first end and coupled to the shank link at a second end. The compression spring is configured to provide an extension torque between the thigh link and the shank link during a first range of motion of the thigh link and the shank link relative to each other. The compression spring is configured to provide a flexion torque between the thigh link and the shank link during a second range of motion of the thigh link and the shank link relative to each other.

Abstract: Systems and methods for assistive devices for replacing or augmenting the limb of an individual, such devices comprising a joint and a powered system; the powered system having a first configuration in which the powered system rotates the joint by applying power to the joint, and a second configuration that allows for rotation of the joint without actuation of the powered system.

Abstract: A prosthetic knee joint includes an upper part, a lower part which is arranged pivotably to the upper part, a fastening device arranged on the upper part for a proximal prosthetic element, a fastening device arranged on the lower part for a distal prosthetic element, a four-limbed joint system with four linkages articulatedly fastened to each other, which are each pivotable to each other around a pivot axis, wherein the upper part (10) is arranged on the joint system. The joint system may be mounted pivotably on the lower part from a starting position counter to a spring force during a stance phase flexion, and the action line of the spring force may be aligned such that a moment acting against an inflexion of the joint system is present.

Abstract: A prosthesis or orthosis has a first body and a second body rotatable relative to one another, a passive mechanical converting mechanism with a third body arranged movably with respect to the first body, and an elastic element arranged between the third and the second body. The mechanical converting mechanism is configured for converting an angular change between the first body and the second body into a change of load on the elastic element. There is further provided a ratio adapting device interacting with the converting mechanism and configured for modifying the conversion ratio by which the change of load on the elastic element is performed.

Abstract: An orthopedic damping device with a movably mounted piston and at least one chamber which has a wall and in which a compressible medium is compressed by moving the piston in a first direction and decompressed by moving the piston in an opposite second direction. The chamber is connected to a discharge channel. A closure element is paired with the discharge channel. The closure element is movably mounted on a support. The support is coupled to the piston or is designed as a piston. The closure element is coupled to a contact region which can be moved relative to the support.

Abstract: A prosthetic knee includes a housing, a chassis, and a brake member pivotally connected to the housing at a first location point and to the chassis at a second location point. A knee shaft extends through the brake member and is secured within a cavity defined by the housing. An extension assist system includes a biasing mechanism located inside of the chassis and an extension assist link. The extension assist link includes a body portion operatively connected to the biasing mechanism and a pair of arm portions situated in at least one slot defined by the knee shaft. The arm portions are pivotally connected to the knee shaft at a third location point located a distance from the first location point.

Abstract: A parallel kinematically redundant device includes a base body portion and a movable portion. The movable portion includes first, second, and third joints. A first actuator is coupled to the first joint of the movable portion and to the base body portion. A second actuator is coupled in parallel with the first actuator between the second joint of the movable portion and the base body portion. A linking member is rotationally coupled to the third joint of the movable portion to provide an output for the first and second actuators. A housing is coupled to the base body portion and fits onto a user. A prosthetic joint device includes a base portion and a movable portion. An actuator is rotationally coupled to the movable portion and base portion. A compliant element is coupled in parallel with the actuator between the movable portion and base portion.

Abstract: A prosthetic ankle module allows for translational and/or rotational movement of a prosthetic foot relative to an adapter. The ankle module can include a four-bar linkage assembly. Links of the linkage assembly can be arranged in various configurations, e.g., parallel or non-parallel and having equal or non-equal lengths, to provide different functions and benefits, e.g., dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, vertical shock absorption, inversion, eversion, and/or rotation about the sagittal axis. Other types of linkage assemblies are also possible. A prosthetic foot can further include a support spring to limit the range of motion of the adapter in use.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for controlling an artificial orthotic or prosthetic joint of a lower extremity with a resistance device to which at least one actuator is associated, via which the bending and/or stretching resistance is changed depending on sensor data. During the use of the joint, status information is provided via sensors. According to the invention, the inertial angle of an thigh part is measured and the resistance is reduced, when the thigh part is at least 45° to the vertical and/or the knee angle is greater than 45°.

Abstract: A prosthetic device includes an inner socket assembly including an upper interface member having a generally cylindrical outer periphery, the outer periphery defining a diameter and a length, the diameter being substantially greater than the length, and an outer socket assembly including a lower interface member having a recess correspondingly-shaped to the outer periphery of the upper interface member. At least a portion of the upper interface member is received within the recess of the lower interface member to secure the inner socket assembly to the outer socket assembly.

Abstract: A control method that executes a numerical non-linear optimization procedure with forward simulation of the full dynamics of the bipedal robot (including ground collisions) to compute a foothold, which produces the desired center of mass velocity during the next step of the walking cycle. The controller includes a gait generator that outputs desired joint trajectories designed to track a desired foothold provided by the foot placement algorithm. A torque calculator is included to output desired joint torques designed to track the desired joint trajectories provided by the gait generator. Additionally, the controller includes an actuator controller that produces the desired joint torques determined by the torque calculator at each joint on the physical robot, which may be a legged robot with torque-controlled joints. The foot placement algorithm may use nonlinear optimization that is solvable using a mathematical model of the dynamics of the controlled robot.

Abstract: A four-link hydraulic buffer knee joint assembly which includes a hydraulic center axle configured at a center hole of a four-link hydraulic main body and utilizes a spring force and an oil-filling piston to achieve the auto-filling of hydraulic oil. The hydraulic center axle is able to utilize adjustable knobs provided on an outer side of the center axle to adjust the bending speed and the spring-back recovery speed. The setting location of the hydraulic center axle differs from the one of conventional joint assembly such that the overall size of the knee joint assembly is reduced while the joint assembly includes the functions of adjustable hydraulic bending and stretching speeds and buffering for the hydraulic head to return to its horizontal state. The four-link hydraulic main body comprises a setting changeable controlling axle for achieving the function of the buffered safety brake against the ground.

Abstract: A powered leg prosthesis includes powered knee joint comprising a knee joint and a knee motor unit for delivering power to the knee joint. The prosthesis also includes a prosthetic lower leg having a socket interface coupled to the knee joint and a powered ankle joint coupled to the lower leg opposite the knee joint comprising an ankle joint and an ankle motor unit to deliver power to the ankle joint. The prosthesis further includes a prosthetic foot coupled to the ankle joint, at least one sensor for measuring a real-time input, and at least one controller for controlling movement of the prosthesis based on the real-time input.

Abstract: Parameters related to use of a prosthesis by a patient with a limb amputation are monitored using a tool that includes one or more piezoelectric force sensors. The resulting data are processed for use both in short and long term management of amputee patients. The sensor is a small modular unit that fits within or between traditional prosthetic components, e.g., below a prosthesis socket. The data produced by the tool are collected, processed, and stored. Optionally, the data are periodically communicated to a remote site via a network, e.g., over the Internet. The device and associated software used to process the data can be used to characterize activities conducted by a prosthesis user, to determine pistoning or threatening interface stress distributions between the limb and socket, mal-alignment of the socket, use of improper components, and other possibly undesired conditions that the amputee patient using the prosthesis may be experiencing.

Abstract: A multi-articulated link knee joint capable of detecting a bending angle of a knee section without causing problems of an installation space and wiring of a sensor is provided. A four-link knee joint includes a knee section of a four-link mechanism, a fluid cylinder that restrains an action of the knee section, a position detecting device that detects a position of a piston rod with respect to a cylinder tube as an extension and contraction amount of the cylinder, and a computer that acquires a bending angle of the knee section by converting the position detected by the position detecting device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling an artificial orthotic or prosthetic knee joint, on which a lower leg component is arranged and which is assigned a resistance device having at least one actuator, by means of which the bending resistance is modified depending on sensor data that is determined during use of the orthotic or prosthetic knee joint by means of a sensor, wherein the absolute angle of the lower leg component is determined exclusively by means of at least one inertial sensor, the angle determined is compared with at least one threshold value, and the bending resistance is modified when the threshold value is reached.

Abstract: Prosthetic and/or orthotic devices (PODS), control systems for PODS and methods for controlling PODS are provided. As part of the control system, an inference layer collects data regarding a vertical and horizontal displacement of the POD, as well as an angle of the POD with respect to gravity during a gait cycle of a user of the POD. A processor analyzes the data collected to determine a locomotion activity of the user and selects one or more control parameters based on the locomotion activity. The inference layer may be situated between a reactive layer control module and a learning layer control module of the control system architecture.

Abstract: A prosthesis joint including a base, a coupling element for attachment to a body part or a prosthesis section, which is attached to the base, and an attachment device for attachment to a prosthesis device, which is coupled to the base and pivotable around at least one axis. A locking device is coupled to the coupling element and operates to selectively block and enable movement of the attachment device with respect to the base providing locked and unlocked positions, respectively. A retention element is carried by at least one of the base and coupling elements and is elastically pre-stressed against the attachment device to provide a retention force for the attachment device so as to resist undesired pivoting movement.

Abstract: Artificial limbs and joints that behave like biological limbs and joints employ a synthetic actuator which consumes negligible power when exerting zero force, consumes negligible power when outputting force at constant length (isometric) and while performing dissipative, nonconservative work, is capable of independently engaging flexion and extension tendon-like, series springs, is capable of independently varying joint position and stiffness, and exploits series elasticity for mechanical power amplification.

Abstract: Disclosed are adjustable powered rehabilitation devices and methods for using the same to rehabilitate and/or train a user. The rehabilitation devices preferably have a plurality of selectable power settings that correspond to one or more rehabilitation-oriented actions or functions of the rehabilitation devices. For example, the power of the rehabilitation device may be selected based on a need, ability, muscle-power and/or physiological characteristics of the user. For instance, a rehabilitation device may be operated at a relatively low power setting to allow a patient to use his or her own muscle power when moving with the rehabilitation device. The rehabilitation device may also include an adjustable sensitivity level that corresponds to a user difficulty in triggering a particular rehabilitation-oriented action. The powered rehabilitation device may also temporarily be used to train a user in interacting with a passive or more conventional prosthetic device.

Abstract: A combined active and passive leg prosthesis system is disclosed, and a method of performing a gait cycle by a leg prosthesis system is disclosed, for replacing a missing lower extremity of an individual to perform a gait cycle by the leg prosthesis system and/or the method. In at least one embodiment, the leg prosthesis system includes at least one movable joint, and a disconnectable active drive unit to drive the movable joint and a passive brake unit to brake the movable joint when the drive unit is disconnected.

Abstract: A computerized prosthesis alignment system includes a transducer that can measure socket reactions in the anterior/posterior plane and the right/left planes, while canceling or reducing the transverse forces on the measurements of these socket reactions. In addition, the transducer is also capable of determining the axial load or weight experienced by the prosthesis. The computerized prosthesis alignment system is in communication with a host computer. The moment data from the transducer is interpreted by the user via a computer interface. The host computer includes memory for storing one or more applications. These applications receive data from the transducer, interpret the data with discrete algebraic or fuzzy logic algorithms, and display the output numerically and graphically. Applications may also interpret the data to provide analysis to the user for aligning the prosthesis.

Abstract: Disclosed are limb prostheses for use when normal use of the lower leg is temporarily or permanently lost due to lower leg injury or disease, including below-knee amputation. Disclosed prostheses provide full body weight support and allow a wearer to maintain the use of the hands and arms during ambulation. In addition, a wearer can maintain use of their own knee to flex and extend during ambulation, thereby better controlling the prosthesis during motion and providing a more normal gait as compared to previously known devices. In the event of permanent loss of the lower leg due to below-knee amputation, the disclosed prosthesis provides an alternative to socket-type prosthetic devices.

Abstract: An above knee prosthesis comprises an upper block, a lower block, a middle linkage pivotably coupling the middle posterior regions of the upper and lower blocks together, and at least one side linkage pivotably coupling the sides of the upper and lower blocks together. The center of rotation of the prosthesis is located above the prosthesis when it is in full extension and moves downward as the prosthesis rotates into full flexion. When the prosthesis is in use and in full extension, a majority of the weight of the patient borne by the prosthesis is directly transferred from the upper block to the lower block. A bumper disposed between the upper and lower blocks will typically be provided to absorb shock and dampen noise when the prosthesis is in extension. A leaf spring may be provided to bias the prosthesis to be in extension.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a prosthetic device with multiple levels of functionality enabled through multiple control systems. The microprocessor-controlled prosthetic device stores a plurality of programmable control systems, such as a beginner control system, an intermediate control system, and an advanced control system. Based on a medical professional's assessment, the prosthetic device is programmed to operate under a programmable control system suitable to the capability level of the amputee. The microprocessor-controlled prosthetic device can be re-programmed to operate under another programmable control system as the capability level of the amputee changes. A new amputee should operate under a beginner control system, which provides high stability and low functionality. The high stability, low functionality combination provides high predictability, which helps the new amputee build confidence and trust in the prosthetic.

Abstract: A damping device (1) for a prosthesis, comprising a first member (2) for connection to a first component, a second member (3) for connection to another component, and a means (4) for coupling together the first member and the second member and for relative displacement of the first member and the second member. A damping element (5) is arranged to counteract a relative displacement between the first member (2) and the second member (3) when loading the damping device (1). The coupling means 4 comprises at least two linkage arms (6, 7), both being pivotally arranged in relation to the first member (2) and the second member (3).

Abstract: A system and method associated with the movement of a limb. In one example, the system, such as a prosthetic or orthotic system, includes an actuator that actively controls, or adjusts, the angle between a foot unit and a lower limb member. The actuator preferably selectively locks during a desired phase in a gait cycle and minimizes friction against a rotor of the actuator. A processing module may control movement of the actuator based on data obtained from a sensor module. For instance, data may include information relating to a user's gait and may be used to adjust the foot unit to substantially mimic the movement of a natural ankle. The system may accommodate level ground walking, traveling up/down stairs or sloped surfaces, and various other user movements. In addition, the processing module may receive user input, such as a heel height, or display output signals through an external interface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a prosthetic device including a prosthetic joint which accurately transitions between a loose mode and a stiff mode to more accurately mimic a human gait. The prosthetic joint includes a state controller which utilizes a sensor to detect prosthetic joint movement data, and compares it with prosthetic joint movement decision values to determine when a solenoid should be energized to place the prosthetic joint in the loose mode. An optimization unit connects to the prosthetic joint in a prosthetic joint system. The optimization unit generates a plurality of data files containing prosthetic joint movement data corresponding to an amputee walking without stumbling. By iteratively analyzing the prosthetic joint movement data, the optimization unit adjusts the prosthetic joint movement decision values to ensure that the prosthetic joint does not prematurely enter a stumble recovery state.

Abstract: A prosthetic component suitable for long-term implantation is provided. The prosthetic component measures a parameter of the muscular-skeletal system is disclosed. The prosthetic component comprises a first structure having at least one support surface, a second structure having at least one feature configured to couple to bone, and at least one sensor. The electronic circuitry and sensors are hermetically sealed within the prosthetic component. The sensor couples to the support surface of the first structure. The support surface of the first structure is compliant. The first and second structure are coupled together housing the at least one sensor. In one embodiment, the first and second structure are welded together forming the hermetic seal that isolates the at least one sensor from an external environment. The at least one sensor can be a pressure sensor for measuring load and position of load.

Abstract: A powered leg prosthesis includes powered knee joint comprising a knee joint and a knee motor unit for delivering power to the knee joint. The prosthesis also includes a prosthetic lower leg having a socket interface coupled to the knee joint and a powered ankle joint coupled to the lower leg opposite the knee joint comprising an ankle joint and an ankle motor unit to deliver power to the ankle joint. The prosthesis further includes a prosthetic foot coupled to the ankle joint, at least one sensor for measuring a real-time input, and at least one controller for controlling movement of the prosthesis based on the real-time input.

Abstract: A knee prosthesis comprises an agonist-antagonist arrangement of two series-elastic actuators in parallel, including a knee joint, flexion and extension actuators connected to the joint in parallel with a leg member, and a controller for independently energizing the actuators to control the movement of the knee joint and leg. The flexion actuator comprises the series combination of a flexion motor and a flexion elastic element and the extension actuator comprises the series combination of an extension motor and an extension elastic element. Sensors provide feedback to the controller. The flexion actuator and the extension actuator may be unidirectional, with the flexion and extension elastic elements being series springs. The extension actuator may alternatively be bidirectional, with the extension elastic element being a set of pre-compressed series springs. Alternatively, the flexion elastic element may be a non-linear softening spring and the extension elastic element may be a non-linear hardening spring.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and systems that control the application of a material onto micro-rough implant surfaces. Thus, the present invention provides method of applying crystalline nanoparticles onto the surface of an implant to produce an implant with a crystalline nanoparticle layer on its surface, the method comprising: providing an implant substrate body; applying crystalline nanoparticles onto the surface of the implant; and rotating the implant, to produce an implant with a crystalline nanoparticle layer on its surface. This method of nanoparticle application is designed to promote the integration of implants, such as dental and orthopedic screws, into living tissue, and offers the ability to control the thickness and uniformity of the nanoparticle layer, in one or several layers, while simultaneously retaining the microroughness of the implant.

Abstract: A momentum free bearing assembly for use in orthotic and prosthetic devices and a prosthetic knee incorporating the same are disclosed. The bearing assembly includes an engaging ring having a swivel portion received within the engaging ring. The engaging ring is received within a bore in a mount. Retainer rings may be placed on either side of the engaging ring within the bore to retain the engaging ring within the mount. Seals having sealing members may be provided on either side of the engaging ring to seal the engaging ring within the mount. A cylindrical rod engages the swivel portion and the seal through bores provided in each of the seal and the swivel portion. The ends of the cylindrical rod can be press-fit within bores on a mount and a frame of a prosthetic knee.

Abstract: A knee prosthesis comprises an agonist-antagonist arrangement of two series-elastic actuators in parallel, including a knee joint, flexion and extension actuators connected to the joint in parallel with a leg member, and a controller for independently energizing the actuators to control the movement of the knee joint and leg. The flexion actuator comprises the series combination of a flexion motor and a flexion elastic element and the extension actuator comprises the series combination of an extension motor and an extension elastic element. Sensors provide feedback to the controller. The flexion actuator and the extension actuator may be unidirectional, with the flexion and extension elastic elements being series springs. The extension actuator may alternatively be bidirectional, with the extension elastic element being a set of pre-compressed series springs. Alternatively, the flexion elastic element may be a non-linear softening spring and the extension elastic element may be a non-linear hardening spring.

Abstract: The invention relates to prosthetic knee joint comprising an upper part (2), which has an upper connecting means (3), and a lower part (4), which is pivotably mounted on the upper part (2) and which has a lower connecting means (5). A vacuum pump (20) with an inlet (6) and an outlet (8), said pump being driven by the relative movement of the upper part (2) to the lower part (4), is associated with the prosthetic knee joint.

Abstract: Disclosed herein a prosthetic or orthotic device having a joint portion and a compliant transmission assembly in operational communication with the joint portion. The device restores the normal capabilities and natural dynamics of a healthy joint for common activities. The compliant transmission assembly includes a compliant element. The compliant transmission assembly absorbs energy when a torque is applied between a prosthetic or orthotic device portion and another adjacent device portion or the adjacent limb segment of the user. The compliant element of the invention absorbs energy during flexion of a joint for the dampening thereof and releases this energy during extension of the joint for assistance thereof. Also disclosed herein is an actuator assembly, a torque sensor and an actuator locking device as well as a method for determining the torque of such prosthetic and orthotic devices.

Abstract: A prosthetic limb has an outer surface that is a mirror image of an intact limb or a generic limb design. The intact limb is scanned and the surface data is manipulated to create a virtual mirror image. If generic data is used, the intact leg can be measured and the generic surface can be adjusted so the prosthetic limb appears similar to the intact limb. The end of the amputated limb is also measured to obtain socket data. A knee and foot are incorporated to form a virtual prosthetic limb represented by design data. The design data for the virtual prosthetic limb is forwarded to a rapid prototyping machine that fabricates the entire leg simultaneously. Once completed, the prosthetic limb is shipped to the patient.

Abstract: A lower limb prosthesis for a transfemoral amputee, having a shin portion, ankle portion and a forefoot part of the foot portion formed as an integral fibre-reinforced plastics leaf spring component. This integral component is adjustably mounted to a knee joint which has a knee chassis, a cradle pivotally connected to and depending from the knee chassis, and a flexion control unit in the form of a piston and cylinder assembly interconnecting the knee chassis and the cradle. The shin portion has an elongate resilient section of constant cross-section oriented substantially vertically. The connection of this resilient section to the knee joint cradle and the arrangement of the cradle is such that the vertical distance between the knee axis of rotation and the location of the connection is less than 25% of the vertical distance between the knee axis and the lowest weight-bearing surface of the foot portion.

Abstract: A knee joint prosthesis is adapted for interconnecting a prosthetic lower leg and a prosthetic thigh. The knee joint prosthesis includes a knee seat disposed under and connected to the prosthetic thigh, a connecting seat disposed above and connected to the prosthetic lower leg, a link assembly, and an adjusting unit. The link assembly includes a plurality of links each connected pivotally to the knee seat and the connecting seat in such a manner to allow the knee joint prosthesis to change between an elevated position and a flexed position. The adjusting unit is disposed in the knee seat, and is operable to cooperate with the link assembly to adjust difficulty level of changing the knee joint prosthesis between the elevated and flexed positions.

Abstract: A prosthetic knee provides security and stability, particularly to low activity users, household and limited community ambulators, single and/or slow speed ambulators, and those with little voluntary control, while also balancing walking (dynamic) performance for low activity users. The prosthetic knee includes a housing, parallel anterior links, a posterior link, and a chassis. The geometry of the links and their relationship to one another allow for low voluntary control, shortening of mid-swing, which reduces stumbling risk, and geometric stability in stance. The anterior links are particularly oriented, sized and located to provide for stability. The anterior links both extend above the posterior link and substantially below the posterior link. The prosthetic knee includes a friction adjustment mechanism, a stability adjustment mechanism, and an adjustable extension assist mechanism.

Abstract: The actuated leg prosthesis comprises a knee member, a socket connector provided over the knee member, an elongated trans-tibial member having a bottom end under which is connected an artificial foot, and a linear actuator. A first pivot assembly allows to operatively connect the trans-tibial member to the knee member. A second pivot assembly allows to operatively connect an upper end of the actuator to the knee member. A third pivot assembly allows to operatively connect a bottom end of the actuator to the bottom end of the trans-tibial member. The prosthesis can be provided as either a front actuator configuration or a rear actuator configuration.