Abstract: A wearable intelligent exoskeleton seat apparatus includes a thigh mechanism, a knee joint mechanism and a shank mechanism, the knee joint mechanism is fixedly coupled to the shank mechanism and the thigh mechanism respectively; the knee joint mechanism includes a knee joint support rod, a motor frame, a motor, a movable base, a flexible spring piece, ratchet teeth, a ratchet tooth shaft, a ratchet wheel, a ratchet wheel shaft and a shank connecting base; the knee joint support rod is fixedly connected with the thigh mechanism; the motor is mounted on the upper end of the knee joint support rod through the motor frame; the ratchet teeth is rotatably mounted to the knee joint support rod via the ratchet tooth shaft; the ratchet wheel is rotabaly mounted to the knee joint support rod via the ratchet wheel shaft; the ratchet teeth and the ratchet wheel are mounted directly opposite to each other.

Abstract: A walk-assistive apparatus may include at least one joint that corresponds to at least one joint of a wearer, at least one link that connects the joint, and is rotated in response to rotation of the joint, a spring that is mounted in the link or the joint so that a length of the spring is changed in accordance with rotation of the link or the joint, and a processor that controls the change in the length of the spring to compensate for a weight by gravity when the wearer walks. Accordingly, the walk-assistive apparatus and a method of controlling the walk-assistive apparatus may use a mechanical element such as a spring to reduce energy, and weight compensation having uniform performance may be performed even in an arbitrary posture.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of treating edematous retinal disorders. The method comprises administration of a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a hydrolysis-resistant P2Y receptor agonist to stimulate the removal of pathological extraneous fluid from the subretinal and retinal spaces and thereby reduce the accumulation of said fluid associated with retinal detachment and retinal edema. The P2Y receptor agonist can be administered with therapeutic and adjuvant agents commonly used to treat edematous retinal disorders. The pharmaceutical formulation useful in this invention comprises a P2Y receptor agonist with enhanced resistance to extracellular hydrolysis, such as dinucleoside polyphosphate compounds, or hydrolysis-resistant mononucleoside triphosphates.

Abstract: A punctum plug adapted to be inserted into the punctum opening of an eye and into the horizontal sac portion of the horizontal canaliculus is shown. The punctum plug, or implant, comprises an elongated member having a pair of ends wherein one of the pair of ends includes a collapsible flared section, or internal retaining member, which has a sloped or curved outer surface. The other end of the pair of ends includes a thin elongated lip, or external retaining member, to engage the edge of the punctum opening. The elongated member and collapsible flared section are formed of a dimension to pass through the punctum opening of an eye. The collapsible flared section has an extended position and a collapsed position. As the collapsible flared section passes through the punctum opening and into the section of the canaliculus located between the punctum opening and the ampula or horizontal sac, a clamping force is developed to collapse the collapsible flared section.

Abstract: A prosthesis for an eye of a wearer formed from a thin film sheet sufficient to cover a portion of the sclera of the eye. The sheet has a number of sections which create the impression that the eye is generally centered within the eye socket. Various embodiments include a section for permanent affixation to the exterior of the eye, a lens section to enhance vision, protection from ultra violet exposure, and a simple masking embodiment which allows the wearer to see through the film with the outer surface of the film having indicia of sclera, iris, and pupil all properly centered.

Abstract: An artificial vision lens system suitable for simulating a retinal image obtained when a subject wears eyeglass lenses. The artificial vision lens system 3 corresponding to an ocular optical system is designed based on optical constants of a paraxial area calculated from a Glustrand's precision simulated eye. The artificial vision lens system 3 comprises, in order from the object side, a front lens group 31 composed of lenses L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 and having negative refracting power, a stop 32, and rear lens group 33 composed of lenses L.sub.3 through L.sub.6 and having positive refracting power. Positions of the object side principal point and the turning point of the artificial vision lens system 3 may be set at positions suitable for simulating the eyeglass lens and the eyeball. An image (retinal image) of the artificial vision lens system 3 is imaged by a CCD 5.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for lowering the intraocular pressure of an eye are provided. The apparatus is a filtering implant comprising a cellulosic membrane adapted to extend from the anterior chamber of the eye through an opening in the limbus corneae to a drainage area beneath a scleral flap. In its most preferred embodiment, the cellulosic membrane consists essentially of a homopolymer of glucose units connected in a 1,4'-.beta. linkage. The implant is of a planar, generally rectangular shape. The method involves preparing and implanting the device within the eye such that it extends from the anterior chamber of the eye through an opening in the limbus corneae to a drainage area beneath a scleral flap.

Abstract: An orbital implant motility peg comprising a means for placement in vivo in a non-drilled integrated orbital implant. The peg or portions thereof can be fabricated from titanium, a titanium alloy, stainless steel, a CoCr alloy, alumina, platinum or tantalum. The means for placement can comprise an external surface of the peg which comprises threads, to facilitate screwing into the implant, and/or a slot capable of receiving a screwdriver tip, a receptacle capable of receiving a Phillips screwdriver tip, a polygonal surface capable of being held by a wrench, or a receptacle capable of being engaged by an Allen wrench.

Abstract: A method and device for reshaping cornea 12 wherein radially orientated microintubation channels 32 are surgically created in corneal stroma 30 with surgical microinstrumentation after which corneal shaping devices 34 are inserted into said microintubation channels. Said microintubation channels extend radially from peri-limbal tissue towards the center of said cornea, but not to the very center of said cornea. Said corneal shaping devices place stress on the dome of said cornea and alter corneal topography in a manner that allows for correction of distance vision, near vision, and astigmatism.

Abstract: A macular indentor for positioning over a macular area of an eye comprises a strip of material having a pair of opposed ends, the strip having a raised portion for indenting the macular area of the eye. The macular indentor is also inflatable for selectively applying pressure to the macular area of the eye.

Abstract: A method, materials, and medical devices are disclosed for providing an intralamellar insert between opposing layers formed in the cornea. Upon preparing the cornea by partially separating a flap of tissue, a gel or similar material is placed thereon and conformed to desired dimensions to correct refractive errors of the cornea.