Abstract: A system and a process for heat treatment of glass or other materials where fan air is blown into a heating chamber via propellant air fans and the chamber air is circulated. In order to achieve effective convection, the propellant air fans have cylindrical mixing sections. Additionally, resulting air swirls flow around the heating means which are located in the heating chamber.

Abstract: A system and method for heating, forming, and tempering a glass sheet includes pre-heating the glass sheet to at least a first predetermined temperature. The system and method includes also applying radio-frequency energy to the glass sheet to heat it to at least a second predetermined temperature and cooling at least one outer surface of the glass sheet to at least a third predetermined temperature to temper the glass sheet.

Abstract: An air-cooling and tempering apparatus for a glass sheet includes an upper air-blowing unit, which blows cooling air to an upper surface of a bent glass sheet having a high temperature; and a lower air-blowing unit, which blows cooling air to a lower surface of the glass sheet. Each of the upper air-blowing unit and the lower air-blowing unit includes a plurality of air-blowing members provided in a matrix pattern and a plurality of linkages, the linkages coupling adjacent air-blowing members among the plurality of air-blowing members in a row and/or column direction of the matrix pattern.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bendable or vaulting support structure in a bending section or bending and tempering section for glass sheets or panels. The support structure comprises a plurality of support arms (10), which are attached by pivotal joints (7) to each other for a vaulting bridge. Each support arm (10) includes a bracket member (6) protruding from between two pivotal joints (7). Between the bracket members (6) is provided a guide lever mechanism, which directs bending or vaulting of the support structure with a constant-radius curvature. The guide lever mechanism is established by levers (11, 12, 13) set in a Z-pattern and provided with five pivotal joints (1-5), three (1, 4, 5) of which engage with the bracket members (6), and two articulated axles (2, 3) present therebetween, which connect the lever arms (11, 12, 13) to each other, are capable of moving relative to the bracket members (6).

Abstract: A glass tempering furnace having a chamber, rollers extending laterally within a chamber to form a transport surface for the plate glass, radiant coils positioned along the bottom of the chamber underneath the rollers, a plurality of spaced nozzle assemblies arranged in lateral side-by-side fashion within the chamber above the rollers, and fans coupled to the nozzle assemblies to draw heated air from the chamber and force the heated air onto the top surface of the plate glass. Heating elements, preferably electrically heated rods, extend between each of the nozzle assemblies and are positioned within the return path of the heated air after it is flowed onto the plate glass surface. The air then rebounds from the glass plate prior to the air again being drawn up into the fan and blown back down onto the glass. Air is then again drawn from the furnace chamber and forced through ducting to a nozzle assembly.

Abstract: Rolls for generally conveying sheets, such as of steel or glass over a roller typically have a steel mandrel and fiber-containing roll cover, with the fiber roll cover pressed between end plates. In a roll end assembly including the end plates there is now provided an axial shaft beyond the end plate. The shaft incorporates a roll compression means. The compression means includes a compression element which element engages the end plate. Pressure from the compression means, which may be exerted from beyond the shaft, can thereby be transmitted to the fiber roll.

Abstract: An air-cooling temperature device for a glass plate including a plurality of upper blowing heads for blowing air to an upper face of a bend-shaped glass plate heated to a high temperature and a plurality of lower blowing heads for blowing air to a lower face of the glass plate, wherein a first link mechanism including a plurality of four-bar linkages and being formed by connected a plurality of units each having a common link a first connecting link mechanism and a second link mechanism.

Abstract: A semi-convective forced air system for heating glass sheets during a heating cycle comprises a heating chamber having a length and a width, at least one heating element located within the heating chamber, a conveyor having a length and a width, the conveyor extending lengthwise through the heating chamber, a compressed air source, a plurality of air manifolds positioned within the heating chamber and in fluid connection with the compressed air source, each of the air manifolds having a length, and each of the air manifolds being oriented parallel to the length of the conveyor, and a plurality of nozzles mounted on each air manifold and in fluid connection with the air manifold for mixing together and directing toward the conveyor a combination of compressed air and over air to convectively heat a sheet of glass on the conveyor, the plurality of nozzles on each air manifold being spaced along the length of the air manifold.

Abstract: There is provided a tempered glass sheet, which is air-cooled and tempered by a cooling medium blown from a plurality of nozzles provided in rows so as to have a stress pattern formed therein, comprising a stress pattern formed in the glass sheet such that a plurality of cells range to form the stress pattern, the respective cells have centers just under the respective nozzles; each of the cells having a central region with a membrane stress in a compression state; each of the cells having a peripheral region with a membrane stress in a compression state; and each of the cells having a region between the central region and the peripheral region with a membrane stress in a tension state. There is also provided a method for producing the tempered glass sheet.

Abstract: A deadplate assembly for an I.S. machine which is moveable from a remote location to a first location and then to a final location. The motion path is linear.

Abstract: A takeout grips a formed bottle at a blow station of an I.S. machine and releases the bottle onto a conveyor and returns to grip the second bottle formed in the blow station following the bottle removed by the takeout.

Abstract: A takeout mechanism for an I.S. machine grips a formed bottle at the blow station and carries the bottle to a first position spaced above a deadplate. The bottle is held at this position for a period of time and then is lowered to a position proximate the deadplate whereupon it is released.

Abstract: Formed bottles are simultaneously cooled within the blow molds of an I.S. machine on their inner and outer surfaces and inner surface cooling continues from the time the takeout grips a bottle through a displacement course to a deadplate location, then to a conveyor location and finally to a deposit location where the bottle is deposited. A deadplate mechanism encloses a bottle at the deadplate location and moves to the conveyor location with the takeout and cools the outer surface of the bottle until the bottle is displaced from the conveyor location to the deadplate location.

Abstract: An I.S. machine has a takeout arm which grips a bottle at the blow station and carries it longitudinally to a first deadplate position and then transversely to a second deadplate position. Along the transverse path is a cullet chute. A deadplate mechanism also is displaceable from a remote position to the first deadplate position and then to the second deadplate position. The deadplate is displaced away from the cullet chute so that the takeout arm can be positioned above the cullet chute to drop rejected, formed bottles.

Abstract: An air-cooling and tempering apparatus for a glass sheet includes an upper air-blowing unit, which blows cooling air to an upper surface of a bent glass sheet having a high temperature; and a lower air-blowing unit, which blows cooling air to a lower surface of the glass sheet. Each of the upper air-blowing unit and the lower air-blowing unit includes a plurality of air-blowing members provided in a matrix pattern and a plurality of linkages, the linkages coupling adjacent air-blowing members among the plurality of air-blowing members in a row and/or column direction of the matrix pattern.

Abstract: A blow head is displaced to the “on” position where its lower portion engages the top of a blow mold. Final blow begins and before final blow is completed, the blow head is raised a selected distance and final blow is exhausted between the O.D. of the formed finish and the upwardly defined annular recess in the lower portion of the blow head. The annular recess is concavely curved to direct exhaust air at the finish to cool the finish.

Abstract: A formed bottle is delivered by a takeout mechanism to a deadplate where it is suspended for cooling. A temperature sensor is mounted to monitor the suspended bottle. When the sensed temperature shows an unacceptable variation, the takeout mechanism and deadplate are displaced relative to one another so that the suspended bottles are located above a cullet chute for disposal.

Abstract: A deadplate mechanism has a cooling can in which a formed bottle held by a takeout is located. The outer surface of the bottle is cooled while the deadplate is displaced to a bottle release position.

Abstract: A takeout for an I.S. machine includes a cooling tube which is displaceable between up and down positions. Displace is controlled to correspond to the desired heat removal along the path of displacement.

Abstract: A blow head mechanism for an I.S. machine wherein the blow head has a final blow tube. The final blow tube is supported for vertical displacement between an up position where the open end of the final blow tube is proximate the top of a blown parison and a down position where the open end of the final blow tube is proximate the bottom of a blown parison. The final blow tube is displaced at least once from the up position to the down position and back to the up position during the time when the blow head is “on” by a profiled actuator including a displacement profile which will displace the blow tube between the up position and a location where the upper neck portion meets the lower body portion at an average velocity higher than the average velocity at which the blow tube will be displaced between the location where the upper neck portion meets the lower body portion to the bottom of the blown parison.

Abstract: Flat glass annealing lehr equipped with controlled heating and cooling means, includes pre-annealing, annealing, and post-annealing zones with heat exchange by radiation, the said zones being equipped respectively with groups of cooling-air heat exchangers situated above and/or beneath the glass ribbon. A single cooling-air intake manifold is included for groups of exchangers in the pre-annealing and annealing zones, which manifold is situated where the zones meet. A single cooling-air intake manifold for second groups of exchanges in the annealing and post-annealing zones, which manifold is situated where said zones meet.

Abstract: A takeout for an I.S. machine has a cooling tube which is displaceable between up and down positions. The open bottom of the cooling tube has an annular deflector which deflects some of the downwardly propelled cooling air radially outwardly from the cooling tube.

Abstract: The takeout has a cooling tube which oscillates within the bottle as the bottle is removed from the blow station of an I.S. machine and transferred to a deposit location.

Abstract: A method for forcedly cooling sheet glass includes the step of causing water-cotaining members (11,31) to contact with both surfaces of sheet glass (27) to cool the sheet glass. Sheet glass heated to a predetermined temperrature is brought into contact with water-containing members to thereby quench the surface of the sheet glass. Water in the water-containing members partly evaporates owing to the heat of the sheet glass, and the sheet glass is thereby effectively cooled by the heat of evaporation of water.

Abstract: An air-cooling/tempering device for a glass plate capable of providing uniform cooling performance and an air-cooling/tempering method for a glass plate capable of air-cooling and tempering efficiently are presented.

Abstract: On molding a glass product by pressing a glass gob by the use of a mold composed of upper and lower dies each of which has a molding surface, a molten glass is supplied as the glass gob onto the molding surface of the lower die. Cooling is carried out for an upper surface of the glass gob supplied onto the molding surface of the lower die. After the cooling, heat radiation suppression is carried out to suppress heat radiation from the glass gob so that an inner part and an upper part of the glass gob are close in temperature to each other. Thereafter; the glass gob is pressed by the molding surfaces of the upper and the lower dies when the glass gob has a viscosity within a range between 103.5 and 106.5 poises (dPa·s). Preferably, the heat radiation suppression is carried out by making a heat shielding member lower in temperature than the inner part of the glass gob approach the upper part of the glass gob in a non-contact state.

Abstract: A tempered glass sheet having in its front view a peripheral region including the peripheries, and a central region (9) occupying inside the peripheral region, wherein the average surface compressive stress in the central region (9) is larger than the average surface compressive stress in the peripheral region, is presented, whereby a tempered glass sheet having a thickness thinner than conventional ones can be provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a frame for supporting a glass plate during a quenching of the glass plate. This frame includes a supporting ring for supporting thereon the glass plate, and a heat-resistant fabric tensioned and covering a top surface of the supporting ring to allow the glass plate to rest on the heat-resistant woven fabric. The supporting ring has a shape substantially conforming to a contour of the glass plate. A quenching air of the tempering is allowed to pass smoothly by tensioning the heat-resistant fabric.

Abstract: Apparatus (26) and a method for forming heated glass sheets in a heated chamber (22) of a housing (20) includes an upper mold support assembly (28) for supporting an upper mold (38) within the heated chamber for cyclical vertical movement between upper and lower positions. A lower mold shuttle (50) supports a lower mold (36) for movement between an idle position horizontally spaced from the upper mold and a use position below the lower mold. The apparatus also includes a lower mold support assembly (60) to which the lower mold is transferred from the lower mold shuttle (50) to provide support thereof while permitting horizontal alignment with the upper mold upon each cycle of downward movement to form a heated glass sheet between the molds. The lower mold shuttle (50) is supported by vertically movable rollers (70) to provide the transfer between the lower mold shuttle and the lower mold support assembly (60).

Abstract: During a process for bending and quenching a window pane, the latter is bent to the desired shape using a forming frame. Next, by means of this same forming frame, the entire surface of both sides of the bent window pane is rapidly cooled, in a quenching station which follows the bending station, by blowing cold air using blowing boxes provided with blowing nozzles. While the entire surface is being rapidly cooled, the edge regions of the window pane which rest on the forming frame are subjected to a blast of additional cold air by the suitable supply of compressed air to the openings passing through the forming frame.

Abstract: Formed bottles are simultaneously cooled within the blow molds of an I.S. machine on their inner and outer surfaces and inner surface cooling continues from the time the takeout grips a bottle through a displacement course to a deadplate location, then to a conveyor location and finally to a deposit location where the bottle is deposited. A deadplate mechanism encloses a bottle at the deadplate location and moves to the conveyor location with the takeout and cools the outer surface of the bottle until the bottle is displaced from the conveyor location to the deadplate location.

Abstract: A deadplate assembly for an I.S. machine which is moveable from a remote location to a first location and then to a final location. The motion path is linear.

Abstract: A deadplate mechanism has a cooling can in which a formed bottle held by a takeout is located. The outer surface of the bottle is cooled while the deadplate is displaced to a bottle release position.

Abstract: An air-temperature device for a glass plate including a plurality of upper blowing heads for blowing air to an upper face of a bend-shaped glass plate heated to a high temperature and a plurality of lower blowing heads for blowing air to a lower face of the glass plate, wherein a first link mechanism including a plurality of four-bar linkages and being formed by connected a plurality of units each having a common link a first connecting link mechanism and a second link mechanism.

Abstract: To increase the strength of the glass panel of a CRT, the temperature of the glass panel is reduced during reforming from a temperature above, preferably at least 30° C. above the annealing point, to a temperature well below, preferably at least 80° C. below the strain point. This induces high surface compression in the glass panel, paired with a low rate of compaction. The glass panel is subsequently not subjected to the usual annealing step.

Abstract: A system is provided for forming an ice coating on the outer surface of blown glass tube-shaped glass pieces (30) of an art work. The blown glass tubes are attached to a support surface (36) such that opposing ends of each glass tube are positioned over apertures in the surface. Liquid coolant contained in a thermally insulated tank (10) is cooled by a compressor (12) and then forced through an inlet manifold subassembly (20, 24) into the glass tubes, and then returned through a return manifold subassembly (40,44) to the tank for re-circulation. The continuous flow of liquid coolant results in the formation of an ice coating on the outer surface of the blown glass tubes.

Abstract: A glass quenching apparatus for quenching a glass sheet heated to a predetermined temperature, includes a first nozzle group for jetting blower air onto opposite surfaces of the glass sheet, and a second nozzle group for jetting compressor air onto at least one of the opposite surfaces of the glass sheet. The first nozzle group is comprised of stationary nozzles, and the second nozzle group is comprised of movable nozzles which are capable of moving parallel to a plane of the glass sheet. The glass quenching apparatus of the foregoing construction is able to quench the glass sheet uniformly over the entire area thereof without undue wastage of quenching air.

Abstract: A gas is supplied to the surface of the glass sheet transferred between a heating furnace and a cooling apparatus for tempering the glass sheet. The gas is supplied from the upstream side with respect to the direction of transfer of the glass sheet by an air curtain device. This gas runs along the glass sheet surface (upper surface) downstream with respect to the direction of transfer to obstruct the flow of cooling gas from the cooling apparatus in the upstream direction. The gas prevents cooling air from the cooling apparatus from invading the heating furnace so that the difference of the curvature of the glass sheet on the front and rear part can be eliminated.

Abstract: The invention relates to an air output unit in connection with a tempering station in a tempering plant for glass panels, and to a method for manufacturing the unit. An equipment bay (3) has its walls (32), roof (33), and floor (31) designed and dimensioned as a shipping container, wherein air output equipment (4) is set up and secured prior to shipping to a working site. Since the fan room enclosing an air output unit functions at the same time as a shipping container for the air output unit, the repeated loading and unloading of air output equipment is avoided. The workload required for shipping and assembling is substantially reduced.

Abstract: On molding a glass product by pressing a glass gob by the use of a mold composed of upper and lower dies each of which has a molding surface, a molten glass is supplied as the glass gob onto the molding surface of the lower die. Cooling is carried out for an upper surface of the glass gob supplied onto the molding surface of the lower die. After the cooling, heat radiation suppression is carried out to suppress heat radiation from the glass gob so that an inner part and an upper part of the glass gob are close in temperature to each other. Thereafter; the glass gob is pressed by the molding surfaces of the upper and the lower dies when the glass gob has a viscosity within a range between 103.5 and 106.5 poises (dPa·s). Preferably, the heat radiation suppression is carried out by making a heat shielding member lower in temperature than the inner part of the glass gob approach the upper part of the glass gob in a non-contact state.

Abstract: A quenching method and apparatus for tempering a glass sheet. The method includes a step of transferring a heated glass sheet between quenching boxes which are provided with nozzles opposingly arranged near upper and lower surfaces of the glass sheet to blow air streams of cooling air supplied from the quenching boxes to the glass sheet. The method also includes the step of arranging the nozzles extending from the quenching boxes so as to face at least one of the upper and lower surfaces of the glass sheet so that openings on the end of the nozzles blow the air streams of the cooling air in different directions simultaneously so as to intersect and thus be substantially uniformly arranged with respect to the glass sheet. The number of intersections is approximately 30 or more in any 10 cm square area of the glass sheet. The end portions of the nozzles have a semi-spherical shape.

Abstract: A chest for cooling glass plates. A box is formed from a rigid support having at least a side panel on which are fixed nozzles. Each nozzle is made of two plate flanges and a strap perforated with blow holes. The flanges are made in a single piece having tabs folded in the direction of the neighboring flanges. Elements fixing the flanges mutually and fixing the straps to the flanges are produced by riveting or interposition of a sealant.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for bending and tempering a sheet of glass heated to a formable state provides an improved rigid mold and pressing member for pressing the heated sheet against the rigid mold which cools and bends the sheet. The pressing member includes a conformable pressing element which permits a manifold to be positioned between the rigid mold and the pressing member to direct a gas to cool the heated sheet of glass during bending. The conformable pressing element is pressurized into a convex shape for initially pressing on a portion of the heated sheet and for rolling the heated sheet onto the rigid mold. The rigid mold and the conformable pressing element may each include a cover to increase the heat transfer from the heated sheet to the bending and tempering apparatus. Furthermore, the covers may have increased thermal conductivity in their peripheral regions for increased cooling of the edge of the sheet of glass.

Abstract: A glass sheet quench unit (22) and method for quenching formed glass sheets by quench gas jets (40) that define a uniformly repeating gas jet impingement pattern (44) that is an equilateral triangular pattern providing uniformly repeating quench cells (46) distributed over the formed glass sheet to be quenched as equilateral hexagonal quench cells. The resultant product is a formed and quenched glass sheet (G) that has oppositely facing surfaces between which glass stresses are uniformly distributed. A method for making the quench unit (22) is performed by initially forming nozzle openings (38) in an elongated nozzle strip (36′), thereafter forming the nozzle strip with a curved cross section, thereafter forming the nozzle strip with a curved shape along its elongated length to provide a curved nozzle cap, subsequently securing the curved nozzle cap to planar sides (30) of an associated nozzle feed row (28), and securing the sides (30) of the nozzle feed row to a plenum housing (24).

Abstract: A method and an equipment for adjusting the cooling air of a glass tempering machine. Cooling air is led by at least one fan (1, 2) to a tempering area (4) for cooling the glass exiting a tempering furnace (11). By means of a closing device (10) the tempering area (4) can be reduced such that a tempering zone with a pressure that can be raised sufficiently high for tempering thin glass can be formed out of the reduced tempering area. In this manner the tempering result becomes very even, and no separate tempering zone is needed even for thin glass.

Abstract: A device for transporting and cooling hot glass panes (10) has a support wall (1) in which there are alternatingly stationary support ribs (3) and between two support ribs (3) at a time there are hollow chambers (4) with wall parts (11) which are adjustable in the direction perpendicular to the glass pane (10). In the transport of a glass pane (10) the movable wall parts (11) are aligned essentially flush with the free edges (5) of the support ribs (3). When a glass pane (10) is being transported the hollow chambers (4) are exposed to hot air such that between the glass pane (10) and the support wall (1) for the wall parts (11) pushed towards the glass pane (10) a thin gas cushion (“L”) of hot air forms. When a glass pane (10) is being quenched the movable wall parts (11) are moved back to a greater distance from the glass pane (10). For quenching of a glass pane (10) cold air is blown out of the support ribs (3) in the wall parts (11) which are moved back relative to the glass pane (10).

Abstract: A method and equipment for adjusting the temperature of glass sheets in a tempering furnace. The tempering furnace (1) comprises rollers (3) for conveying and oscillating the glass sheets (4) during heating, and resistors (5, 6) for heating the glass sheets (4) from above and from below. The temperature of the glass sheets (4) is measured inside the tempering furnace (1) during heating and the dwell time of the glass sheets (4) in the furnace is adjusted based on the temperature measurements. This enables exact control of the final temperature of the glass from the beginning, and the temperature can be kept uniform independently of the measures taken by the operator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the heat-soak treatment of tempered glass panels. After tempering, the glass is heated or cooling of the glass is stopped for maintaining the temperature for the duration of e.g. a good minute within the range of 340-370.degree. C., such that the glasses, which break spontaneously in time as a result of NiS-stones, can be broken already in a so-called heat-soak treatment. During the heating sequence or the cooling stop sequence and during the subsequent cooling sequence, the glass panel is carried in a horizontal plane, e.g. back and forth on rollers in an oscillating fashion. The process is a continuous-action process and the apparatus for implementing the same can be hooked up with a tempering machine for an on-line operation.

Abstract: A system for tempering glass plates has preheating zone (1) in which several glass plates (7) stacked vertically in compartmented car (6) are heated together to a temperature below the tempering temperature of for example 650.degree. C. (for example 300.degree. C.). Preheated glass plates (7) are moved individually from preheating zone (1) into heating zone (2). In heating zone (2) glass plates (7) are heated to the tempering temperature, their being inclined to the vertical at an acute angle and being held by air cushions between two heating plates. On the lower edge of the two heating plates of heating zone (2) there is transport device which supports glass plates (7) simultaneously to the bottom. Glass plates (7) heated to the tempering temperature are moved into cooling zone (3) which has cooling plates aligned parallel to the heating plates and between which glass plate (7) is pushed for quenching.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for bending and tempering a sheet of glass heated to a formable state provides an improved rigid mold and pressing member for pressing the heated sheet against the rigid mold which cools and bends the sheet. The pressing member includes a conformable pressing element which permits a manifold to be positioned between the rigid mold and the pressing member to direct a gas to cool the heated sheet of glass during bending. The conformable pressing element is pressurized into a convex shape for initially pressing on a portion of the heated sheet and for rolling the heated sheet onto the rigid mold. The rigid mold and the conformable pressing element may each include a cover to increase the heat transfer from the heated sheet to the bending and tempering apparatus. Furthermore, the covers may have increased thermal conductivity in their peripheral regions for increased cooling of the edge of the sheet of glass.