Abstract: A library checking system for use with books provided with RFID tags comprises a terminal incorporating a housing within which a book is contained during checking, and an identification antenna for detecting the RFID tag of the book while within the housing and for supplying a signal identifying the book to a central processor. A book slot through which the book is insertable for checking opens into the housing, and an output from the housing is provided through which the book is discharged to a pick-up area in the event of the book being passed by the central processor as available for borrowing. A pivotable bookdrop flap is provided within the housing on which the book is supported during detection by the identification antenna, the flap being pivotable to cause the book to drop into a bookdrop bin in the event of the book not being passed by the central processor as available for borrowing.

Abstract: A system for accessing small items that are stored in a secure manner for controlled access thereto by access mode or access code, which system is based upon a series of modules having a plurality of storage cartridges therein, which modules are disposed in a box and a plurality of boxes are housed in a cabinet. The cabinet and specific cartridge are accessed by an access mode such as a coin, bill, credit card, access code as by keypad or computer generated among others. A signal is sent to a solenoid which impacts a latch which moves downwardly and releases from engagement with the cartridge. A latch spring returns the latch to its original position. An ejection spring kicks the cartridge forward for the user to gain access to the contents thereof. Reinsertion of the cartridge reverses the procedure to re-engage the latch with the cartridge's down hanging metal strip.

Abstract: A computerized method of assisting the routing of a part, comprising the steps of: providing at least one computer; receiving part identifier information; and generating a tag for affixing to the part. The tag has information thereon responsive to the identifier information. A computerized method of assisting the handling of a part, comprising the steps of: providing at least one computer; receiving part identifier information; processing the part identifier information; and generating output from the computer responsive to the part identifier information.

Abstract: A method for sorting integrated circuit (IC) devices of the type having a fuse identification (ID) into those devices requiring enhanced reliability testing and those requiring standard testing includes storing fabrication deviation data, probe data, and test data in association with the fuse ID of each of the devices indicating each of the devices requires either enhanced reliability testing or standard testing. The fuse ID of each of the devices is then automatically read before, during, or after standard testing of the devices. The testing process requirement data stored in association with the fuse ID of each of the devices is then accessed, and the devices are sorted in accordance with the accessed data into those devices requiring enhanced reliability testing and those requiring standard testing.

Abstract: A logistics node receives a purchase order from a customer. The logistics node selects an appropriate carrier to transport products specified in the purchase order and conveys shipping instructions to the selected carrier. The logistics node also coordinates the shipment by interacting with a source node (associated with a supplier of the products) and a destination node (associated with the recipient of the products). According to one exemplary feature, the logistics node provides an interface that permits users involved in the distribution chain to track the status of the shipments without having to enter tracking codes that are unique to individual carriers. According to another exemplary feature, the interface allows a user to access multiple “levels” of information regarding a shipment, including information pertaining to an individual product within a shipment containing multiple products.

Abstract: A production operation is controlled by electronically scanning and reading printed information at intervals along a component tape. The printed information is continuously scanned and read from the carrier tape portion or the cover tape portion of the component tape as components are removed from the component tape during a production operation. In a production facility, the data from many component tapes is transmitted simultaneously to a production control system where all data is processed. The processed data is used to automatically control a production operation by using the printed information to control resources of the production operation, resources including component inventory, equipment, and facilities.

Abstract: A system by which a portable computer on a cart translates warehouse locations to light addresses of locations on storage bays in a storage facility and communicates instructions by means of a bi-directional, dual transmitter/receiver element on the cart to a pick-controller unit positioned on each bay. The pick-controller unit on the bay is connected with intelligent light assemblies at each location on the bay that, in response to instructions from the portable computer, illuminate indicating the need for, and quantity of a SKU to be retrieved from the illuminated location. In addition, the portable computer communicates instructions using the bi-directional, dual transmitter/receiver element to the put-controller unit positioned on the cart that in turn communicates these instructions to intelligent light assemblies adjacent to specific receptacles located on the cart.

Abstract: A sortation system includes a track arrangement and a series of carriers which are movable on the track arrangement, such as by a roller chain or the like. A series of sort stations are provided at various locations along the track arrangement, and items are placed into the carriers at an induction station. Each carrier is programmed at the induction station with a destination sort station, according to the identity of the item carried by the carrier. Each sort station has a unique identification arrangement, such as a sort station module which emits a sort station identification signal which is received by the carriers as the carriers are moved toward the sort stations. If the sort station identification signal matches the destination identification programmed into the carrier, a trip mechanism associated with the sort station is activated so as to discharge the item from the carrier. The carrier is then reset and transported to the induction station for receiving another item to be sorted.

Abstract: An item delivery and retrieval system including a storage subsystem and a computer subsystem. The storage subsystem includes a secure enclosure having an item storage carousel including internal controller apparatus. The computer subsystem is embodied in internet web page based customized application software for implementing an application interface of selectively configurable ActiveX controls for providing user access, such as an employee of a delivery service company and/or a customer of the delivery service company and customer access to one or more storage bins located behind a set of normally closed doors, for providing access control to the bins, and for managing the location of the items in the storage subsystem. The doors are opened when proper identification is provided by the customer so as to permit retrieval of items located in specifically designated bin(s) or to return items thereto.

Abstract: A system for determining movement of an item bearing an RFID label. The system includes an RFID reader for receiving RFID label identification information from an RFID label associated with the item, and a computer for determining a location of the RFID label and the item by determining location information for the RFID reader, for determining a preferred location for the RFID label and the item, and for comparing the determined location with the preferred location to determine that the RFID label and the item have been moved.

Abstract: A RFID method for storing products in a defined location is provided to minimize undesired combinations of stored products resulting from improper placement of the products in the storage location. RFID smart tags are associated with any products to be stored within the storage location, the smart tags containing information to identify the product they are associated with. A product profile is compiled and stored for any products to be stored within the storage location, the profile may include information on products, materials, and substances that should not be stored together or in close proximity to the profiled product. A smart tag scanner is disposed at a position relative to the storage location such that the scanner is within range of any smart tag associated with a stored product at any position within the storage location, the smart tag scanner configured to retrieve the product identification information from the smart tags.

Abstract: An RFID enabled paper roll includes a tubular core, a paper stock wound around the core, and a radio frequency integrated circuit electrically coupled to an antenna and positioned on the core. A system for reading a radio frequency integrated circuit positioned on an item of inventory in a warehouse comprises a material handling device and an RFID reader coupled to the material handling device. The material handling device has at least member for use in transporting an item of inventory. The reader is configured to read the radio frequency integrated circuit associated with the item of inventory when the item is in proximity to the material handling device.

Abstract: An RFID enabled paper roll includes a tubular core, a paper stock wound around the core, and a radio frequency integrated circuit electrically coupled to an antenna and positioned on the core. A system for reading a radio frequency integrated circuit positioned on an item of inventory in a warehouse comprises a material handling device and an RFID reader coupled to the material handling device. The material handling device has at least member for use in transporting an item of inventory. The reader is configured to read the radio frequency integrated circuit associated with the item of inventory when the item is in proximity to the material handling device.

Abstract: A method of operating a dispensing cabinet to identify the locations where items to be dispensed are located is comprised of a login step in which user information is entered into a processor controlling the dispensing cabinet. The processor unlocks certain doors of the dispensing cabinet in response to the user information. Assuming that a locate mode of operation has been chosen, the locations of the items to be located are determined by the processor. An alpha-numeric display positioned on a shelf within the cabinet begins flashing with the number of items to be located that are held by that shelf. After the user identifies the shelves having flashing alpha-numeric displays, the user may enter a dispense mode or may logoff causing the unlocked doors to lock.

Abstract: In an article management system, a noncontact electronic tag storing tag data is attached to an article managed in a management area, a passage radio communication unit that can communicate with the noncontact electronic tag is installed in a passage section leading to the management area, and the passage radio communication unit communicates with the noncontact electronic tag to the article passing through the passage section. The tag data stored in the noncontact electronic tag can be read in tag access processing that can be executed by the passage radio communication unit.

Abstract: A system, method, and product are disclosed for associating subcomponents with a storage library. A unique identifier is stored in a particular storage library. Each subcomponent that is a part of the particular storage library is then associated with the particular storage library by storing a copy of the unique identifier within each subcomponent. In order for a subcomponent to be usable by a particular storage library, the particular storage library's unique identifier must be stored within the subcomponent.

Abstract: A method and a system for managing the movement of material lots through a semiconductor fabrication facility. In an example embodiment of the method, the movement of the material lots is tracked and a business rules module is accessed that generates material movement directives as a function of event changes on the line and externally provided directives that change the material lot movement sequence. Material lots are then rearranged in the material handling system as a function of a carrier code and the directive indicating a change. The result is a fabrication process that is more responsive and flexible with respect to internal or external changing conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for storing and handling merchandise that can be managed by a computer and carried in a vehicle. Said system enables totally automated loading and transfer and highly automated unloading. When used in vehicles, said system consists of a conveyor belt loader that rejects inadequate merchandise, superimposed conveyor belts, which can have a belt with several turns, elevator, merchandise pushing device, photoelectric cells, label scanners, and the necessary connections for a computer controlling said devices, in addition to a fixing system consisting of an inflatable elastic band.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for sorting distribution sequences on a despatch sorting machine, in which each despatch is arranged in a distribution sequence according to its read and recognized address code, where sorting takes place in several cycles in accordance with the number and size of the available sorting compartments and the sequence requirements. According to the invention, in order to avoid being faced with full compartments, after the recognition of all the despatches' address codes, with one or more full compartments, one or more compartment combinations for one distribution stop are found by iterative search steps taking account of all the compartments available for sorting and all possible distribution stops, while retaining the predetermined despatch sequence, where said combinations are formed by characteristic numbers of the compartments during the passages and which are capable of accepting despatches for distribution at the distribution stop concerned.

Abstract: One or two belts-staircases link several storage levels. Each storage level has linear storage belts accessed through a level belt. At the intake to levels and storage belts there are divertors to divert merchandises into them. To control the flow, there are photoelectric cells and tag readers at the intakes and outlets of the various devices.

Abstract: An automated system of storage locker bins to efficiently provide the storage and self-service retrieval of articles. The articles can be packages and the automated system of storage locker bins can be used effectively in a package delivery process in which packages are transported in bulk to a destination centralized pickup location for recipients. The automated system of storage locker bins can operate at a high level of efficiency with regard to space utilization to further reduce storage costs and ultimately reduce delivery costs by employing moving and stationary bins to allow recipients to retrieve packages stored at heights above the reach of those recipients and bins which are configurable in size to allow storage locker bins to be adjusted to sizes more closely approximating the size of the articles or packages to be loaded into them.

Abstract: A system for directing robot movement in a storage library is provided, the library comprising at least one horizontal array of storage cells and at least one robot that moves along the horizontal array and can retrieve objects from and place objects into the storage cells. The system comprises a guide rail that runs along the length of the horizontal array and loops around from one end of the horizontal array to the other end. The robot may move along the guide rail in a continuous, unidirectional loop. If multiple robots are added to the library, they can be made to move in the same direction along looping guide rail, thus elimination contention among robot movements. If multiple horizontal arrays are stacked vertically within the library, the looping guide rail allows robots to loop around and return to the same level or move onto a different horizontal level.

Abstract: A position detecting apparatus and a library apparatus that have a flag and a sensor for detecting the flag can shorten time required to perform a position detecting process. The position detecting apparatus comprises a flag 50 and a CCD sensor 36, the flag 50 being provided in a cabinet 23 or a magnetic tape recording-playing apparatus 24 and being formed of a first white part 51 and a second white part 52 with high reflectivity of light and a black part 53 with low reflectivity of light, and the CCD sensor 36 being provided in a medium holding mechanism 30 and detecting optically the first white part 51, the second white part 52 and the black part 53 in the flag 50. The first white part 51 and the second white part 52 are formed as a pair of right isosceles triangles and are positioned symmetrically with respect to an axis of the flag. Furthermore, the CCD sensor 36 is formed of a line type CCD sensor so as to detect the flag 50 linearly.

Abstract: An order filling system utilizes a server computer, a controlling computer and location verification devices to direct an orderfiller to order items stored in an inventory storage area. The server computer transmits order information to the controlling computer via wireless radio frequency communications. The controlling computer communicates with location verification devices via short range wireless communications. The controlling computer provides the orderfiller with directions and pick quantities for each inventory item in an order. The location verification devices and location clips are mounted throughout the inventory area and on the inventory carriers. The location verification devices may have a low power mode which conserves electrical power while the location verification device is not being used.

Abstract: A system and method for tracking articles and controlling inventory thereof on a real time basis comprising the use of a tag assembly including a plurality of tags including both active tags and passive tags distinguishable from one another by the provision of a self contained power source in the active tags. One or more readers are disposed within a locale being monitored and are structured to communicate received data transmission from a host controller, for additional administrative processing in terms of determining the existence, location and/or movement of various articles with which the plurality of tags are directly associated. Depending on the category of tags, they may be activated by either entering an electric field of a predetermined first frequency or by receiving an activation signal from the reader assembly also transmitted at the first predetermined frequency. Communication between the tags and the reader occurs at a second frequency being different from the first frequency.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for identification and monitoring of, and obtaining data relating to, products moving along a distribution path, including at least one RFID tag mountable to a product, or product carrier, and a plurality of interrogators spaced apart along the distribution path, wherein each interrogator of the plurality of interrogators cooperates in RF communication with the RFID tag when the RFID tag is in proximity to the each interrogator along the distribution path. Each interrogator interrogates the RFID tag during the RF communication so as to obtain unique data, unique to the RFID tag. The RFID tag and each interrogator each includes a transceiver and memory.

Abstract: An article management method and system effectively using characteristic information of an article, wherein identifiers are provided for an article and a slip associated with the article, and article information of the article, the article identifier, and slip identifier are transmitted to a destination of the article. At the destination, a processing method for the received article is determined according to the article information specified in accordance with the slip identifier of the slip received together with the article.

Abstract: A method and system for a quay container crane with container code recognition of a container identified by a container code with container positional identification is disclosed. The system and method are capable of performing these tasks without the use of non-standard container tagging.

Abstract: An installation for processing a semiconductor wafer includes a semiconductor fabrication device having a load port, on which an identity code that can be read optically or through an effective electromagnetic field is stored. A mobile device, for example, a container communicating with the load port or a vehicle for transporting such a container, contains a corresponding reader to determine the identifier. The configuration makes the flexible determination of position within a fabrication facility possible. Also provided is a method for operating the installation.

Abstract: Verification of a primary or backup copy of vital information of a processing system employs a pseudo-fixed reference identifier, defined as an identifier unlikely to change over the life of the system, and controls which copy of vital information is correct. The primary copy of vital information is associated with a copy of the pseudo-fixed reference identifier and a backup copy of the vital information is associated with a copy of the pseudo-fixed reference identifier. A processor, when triggered, reads the pseudo-fixed reference identifier, compares it to the stored copies of the identifier of the primary and backup non-volatile storage. (1) If the read pseudo-fixed reference identifier matches the primary copy of the identifier, the processor indicates the vital information is valid. (2) If the read pseudo-fixed reference identifier matches the backup only, indicating that the backup copy of vital information is to be restore copied to become the primary copy.

Abstract: A material storage and delivery system includes an individual container storage and delivery system (ICSDS). A palletizer is provided for placing containers from the ICSDS on a pallet. A layer storage and delivery system (LSDS) places full layers of containers on a pallet. A robotic container delivery system (RCDS) places individual containers on a pallet. A conveyor system conveys containers and pallets between at least two of the ICSDS, the palletizer, the LSDS and the RCDS. A method for storing and delivering containers is also disclosed.

Abstract: A material storage and delivery system includes an individual container storage and delivery system (ICSDS). A palletizer is provided for placing containers from the ICSDS on a pallet. A layer storage and delivery system (LSDS) places full layers of containers on a pallet. A robotic container delivery system (RCDS) places individual containers on a pallet. A conveyor system conveys containers and pallets between at least two of the ICSDS, the palletizer, the LSDS and the RCDS. A method for storing and delivering containers is also disclosed.

Abstract: A cremation repository stores a multiplicity of containers holding cremated remains of respective individual organisms. In response to a request from a living human patron, the request incorporating an identification of the patron and an identification of one of the containers, a computer is operated to check a database to determine whether the patron is entitled to view the identified container. Where the request is proper or authorized, a robot mechanism is operated to retrieve the identified container from a respective storage location and to deliver the identified container to a predetermined location accessible by the patron. After the patron has completed visitation with the retrieved container, the robot mechanism is operated to return the that container in an essentially unaltered state to the container's storage location. The patron is enabled to order music and optionally other environmental conditions.

Abstract: A data storage system for remote access to stored data. The innovative system uses a storage library to contain magnetic hard disks and automatically replaces the hard disks upon failure, without human intervention. Failed disks are removed from the library by a robot, deposited from the library, upon which time they are further processed for delivery to the manufacturer, or for disposal. Replacement disk drives are accessed by the robot from within the library to replace the removed storage element. The system's robot is not only moving individual storage elements, but also of moving the access cables connecting the storage elements to the external network. Using this capability, the number of access cables is reduced without requiring added human intervention.

Abstract: An object tracking and management system and method using radio-frequency identification (“RFID”) tags is disclosed. Objects to be moved between locations are outfitted with RFID tags having information relating to the identities of the objects. The locations are also marked by RFID tags containing information on the locations. A transport vehicle for moving the objects is equipped with an RFID interrogator capable of detecting signals from the RFID tags. An onboard processor provides the operator of the vehicle with instructions on the movement of objects. The processor also determines the identities of the objects and locations from the detected signals and provides the operator with feedback as to the identity of an object being moved, the location of the vehicle and any error in carrying out the instructions. Numerous variations of the basic system and method using RFID tags are also described.

Abstract: A robot which incorporates a body, arms with a hand grip, legs, several sensors, light elements, an audio system, and a video system. The sensors allows the robot to interact with objects in the room, and prevents the robot from traveling off an edge or bumping into obstacles. The light elements allow the robot to express moods. The audio system allows the robot to detect and transmit sounds. The video system allows a user to remotely view the area in front of the robot. Additionally, the robot may operate in a plurality of modes, including modes that allow the robot to operate autonomously. The robot may operate autonomously in an automatic mode, a security mode, a greet mode, and a monitor mode. Further, the robot is manipulated remotely.

Abstract: A system, method, apparatus and program which enables the automation of the carrying of a lot or lots of special purpose wafers between stockers and to achieve high speed processing while suppressing an increase in storage volume. The carrying control system includes stockers for storing therein special purpose lot or lots comprising wafers which will not be processed in production facilities, or said special purpose lot or lots and usual lot or lots comprising wafers which will be processed by production facilities and a carrying host computer for controlling automatic carrying of lot or lots in carrying facilities.

Abstract: A lot-base management host computer performs management of wafers with a lot as a unit by managing a process condition for each lot, a correspondence between a carrier ID and a lot ID, and a correspondence between a slot ID and a wafer ID in each lot. A wafer-base management host computer performs management for each wafer in a lot by managing a process condition corresponding to a wafer number in a lot. Further, a converted condition instructing section transmits data acquired from the lot-base management host computer and the wafer-base management host computer to a semiconductor fabrication apparatus. The wafer-base management host computer stores a process condition for each level and a machine number of a semiconductor fabrication apparatus in use in the form of a matrix as an experimental level master and issues a process condition as instructions to the semiconductor fabrication apparatus through the converted condition instructing section according to the experimental level master.

Abstract: A system and method for collecting, inventorying, stocking and performing metered delivery of standard parts to an assembly operation. Standard parts are collected from multiple suppliers in an optimized pick-up route, and delivered to a standard parts metering warehouse. The standard parts are broken down into production shift quantities based upon production data of the assembly operation. The production shift quantities of standard parts are labeled according to part type or identity and a drop zone within the assembly operation. The standard parts are then stocked in the metering warehouse according to an optimized route which corresponds to a drop zone delivery sequence in the assembly operation. Limited production shift quantities of standard parts are then metered from the metering warehouse in accordance with a production schedule of the assembly operation, and delivered directly to pedestals at workstations at the corresponding drop zones in the assembly operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for sorting wafers (W) of a chip production operation from an initial state into an end state, the wafers (W) being at least partly identifiable on the basis of an information carrier as elements of a finite sequence, and in the initial state the wafers (W) being arranged in any desired sequence in compartments (s) of a holding device (H) and in the end state each wafer (W) being arranged as far as possible in accordance with its position in the sequence in the compartments (s) of the holding device (H), characterized in that

Abstract: The application discloses a method and system for processing packages designated for special handling and notifying an appropriate party as to whether special handling has been applied to these designated packages. The system prepares carrier personnel in advance for the arrival of such packages. Detailed package information for a current day's shipments is sent electronically from a consignor to the carrier, which sorts the information and makes it available to carrier personnel at package handling centers where special handling will be verified or applied. Notification of the status of the packages is transmitted to the consignor by e-mail, pager, or posting on a secure web site. Resolution of exceptions is expedited by the accessibility of information as provided by the system. Carrier management can readily monitor the operation of the system both in real time and historically.

Abstract: A method for sorting integrated circuit (IC) devices of the type having a fuse identification (ID) into those devices requiring enhanced reliability testing and those requiring standard testing includes storing fabrication deviation data, probe data, and test data in association with the fuse ID of each of the devices indicating each of the devices requires either enhanced reliability testing or standard testing. The fuse ID of each of the devices is then automatically read before, during, or after standard testing of the devices. The testing process requirement data stored in association with the fuse ID of each of the devices is then accessed, and the devices are sorted in accordance with the accessed data into those devices requiring enhanced reliability testing and those requiring standard testing. The method thus directs those devices needing enhanced reliability testing to such testing without the need for all devices from the same wafer or wafer lot to proceed through special testing.

Abstract: A system for collating cheques (or other sheets bearing an account number), feeds cheques in a batch of cheques. The system reads the account number of each cheque in the batch and counts the number in the batch. This is compared with corresponding information on an associated account statement. On a mis-match, action is taken (e.g., an alarm is raised).

Abstract: In a mass storage library, a module storage array includes a back plate having apertures patterned to form a cartridge storage together with cell blocks that mate with the openings in the back plate. A column of cell blocks are held in place between a shelf and a spring load and include calibration targets to align the cell blocks to the library accessor and reader. One stripe the length of the storage cell stack contains a bar-code. The bar-code extends the entire length of the stripe and identifies the individual cell blocks when empty. A plurality of columns of cell blocks provide the complete storage array. Each column of the cell blocks include one stripe with a bar-code along its length that is directly fastened to the back plate with each cell of the column having a separate bar-coding on the strip. The accessor includes a sensor that reads the coding to provide an indication of an empty cell block.

Abstract: Firstly, a authenticating pattern is disposed on a cover and an authenticating device is disposed in a robot apparatus for authenticating the cover on the basis of the authenticating pattern of the fitted cover. Secondary, an information holding device for holding inherent information is disposed in the cover and a reading device for reading out the inherent information from the information holding device is disposed in the robot apparatus. Thirdly, a function of detecting an amount of influence due to the cover and changing manifesting patterns of motions as occasion demands on the basis of the detection result is disposed in the robot apparatus.

Abstract: An apparatus providing identification, monitoring, and tracking of facilities maintenance in which an interactive information storage device receives and retains at least one facility profile that includes a facility identification, at least one process area descriptor and with at least one substrate associated with each process area descriptor. Each substrate includes a substrate condition, a substrate environment, a substrate process priority, and a substrate area. An analyzer evaluates the substrate condition, the substrate environment, and the substrate process priority to determine a substrate ranking. An estimator applies standard work information to the substrate condition, the substrate environment, the substrate process priority, and the substrate area, to determine a substrate maintenance estimate. A reporter generates maintenance specifications of the substrate maintenance estimates and substrate ranking for a selected one of the facility profiles.

Abstract: An elapsed time clock is incorporated into a part call tag for requesting replenishment of components used by workstations of a manufacturing facility. One or more transmission readers spatially distributed around the manufacturing facility detect a part call signal transmitted from the part call tag. A reader output processing subsystem processes part call signals detected by at least one of the tag transmission readers to recover information contained in the part call signal. A management processor associates the recovered information with a respective workstation, and what component is to be replenished. The elapsed time clock is reset when the part call tag is operated to transmit a part call signal, and thereby serves as a call tag ‘stop watch’—informing workstation personnel of the length of time that has elapsed since the last part call transmission from that tag.

Abstract: In a tracking apparatus for tracking an object by the use of a plurality of detecting data sets supplied from a detecting device, a velocity presuming portion is provided together with a position presuming portion. The position presuming portion finds a presumed position of the object at the latest detecting time of the detecting data sets by the use of the latest detecting time and regression curves found on the basis of the detecting data sets. The velocity presuming portion finds a presumed velocity of the object at the latest detecting time by the use of the regression curves and at least one of former detecting times different from the latest detecting time.

Abstract: An automatic cold-storage system includes a food package (22) provided with a noncontact IC tag (11), and a refrigerator (31) for storing the food package (22). Information is read from the noncontact IC tag (11) by a noncontact IC tag reader (12) and is compiled to a database (31c). A managing means (31b) controls the refrigerator (31) on the basis of information contained in the database (31c). The managing means (31b) makes a display device (14) display a warning on the basis of information read by the noncontact IC tag reader (12).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating a unique and reversible human readable number is disclosed. The human readable number is comprised of human readable symbols for representing a specific combination of selected options in differentiated products in built-to-order systems or differentiated services in an overall customized service package. The human readable number preferably represents many possible permutations of available options, which are selectable by a customer. The human readable number maintains its uniqueness and reversibility when the number of options are increased, or when new differentiated products or services are added.