Abstract: Examples herein describe systems and methods for light placement in a graphical user interface (“GUI”). A computing device may generate multiple layers that can be superimposed on a base layer in an GUI environment. The layers can include a map layer, an object layer, and a lighting plan layer. The computing device can provide instructions to a client device for displaying the layers, as well as instructions for providing a menu where are user can select which layers are displayed. The lighting plan layer may illustrate a lighting plan for a geographic area, such as a city. The lighting plan layer may include placements of lighting objects in the geographic area based on a set of rules, and it may be dependent on the object layer.

Abstract: A method, system and computer program product for navigation in an establishment site for a first user using a first mobile electronic device are provided. The embodiment may include scanning an area around a current location of the first user to identify a set of second mobile electronic devices. The embodiment may also include referencing one or more resources for: identifying a set of second users for each of the set of second mobile electronic devices; analyzing schedules of the set of second users to identify expected current locations of each of the set of second users in an establishment site; and identifying the current location of the first user relative to the expected current locations of at least some of the set of second users by referencing a map of the establishment site. The embodiment may further include receiving notification of a position of the current location.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an automatic stop device and an automatic stop method that enable an autonomous-driving traveling object to automatically stop. Automatic stop device automatically stops a vehicle in response to urgent information requiring urgency. Automatic stop device includes: urgent information receiver configured to receive the urgent information; urgency determiner configured to determine a degree of urgency about the urgent information by choosing from a plurality of levels in accordance with the urgent information; surrounding information acquisition unit configured to acquire information about a situation surrounding the vehicle; and stop time determiner configured to determine a time taken to automatically stop the vehicle. The time is determined in accordance with the degree of the urgency and the information about the situation surrounding the vehicle.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure include a navigation system and computer-implemented methods for detecting traffic disruption events based on an analysis of input component data obtained from navigation-enabled devices of vehicles near a particular location. Traffic disruption events are events such as accidents, construction road closures, police and speed traps, or road hazards that cause a decrease in the flow of traffic along a particular route and thus, added time delays for occupants of vehicles traveling along those routes. The navigation system scores the input component data associated with each vehicle and aggregates the scored input component data to obtain a frustration score associated with the vehicle. The navigation system may detect traffic disruption events based on a number of vehicles near a particular area having associated frustration scores above a certain threshold.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to processing remotely captured sensor data. A computing platform having at least one processor, a communication interface, and memory may receive, via the communication interface, from a user computing device, sensor data captured by the user computing device using one or more sensors built into the user computing device. Subsequently, the computing platform may analyze the sensor data received from the user computing device by executing one or more data processing modules. Then, the computing platform may generate trip record data based on analyzing the sensor data received from the user computing device and may store the trip record data in a trip record database. In addition, the computing platform may generate user record data based on analyzing the sensor data received from the user computing device and may store the user record data in a user record database.

Abstract: Systems and methods provide for usage based insurance. The insurance system can apply rental insurance based on realtime operational parameters and on a usage history of the renter so that the insurance being applied to the rental period accurately reflects the risks and costs of the device usage. Realtime operational parameters of the device can be obtained from an electronic control unit on the device. The operational parameters can include information about how the vehicle is being operated and whether or not the device is being used in an autonomous or semi-autonomous operating mode. The usage history can include prior operational parameters from previous rental periods, traffic and other regulatory violations, and other relevant information associated with the user. The usage based insurance can apply to the entire rental period, or to portions of the rental period.

Abstract: A travel control system for a vehicle is configured to control travel of a vehicle with respect to a congestion section using information about the congestion section acquired from an outside of the vehicle by communication. The system includes a congestion position estimation unit and a reliability determination unit. The congestion position estimation unit is configured to, when the information about the congestion section cannot be acquired within a prescribed time, estimate a position of the congestion section using a probability distribution model of the congestion section. The reliability determination unit is configured to determine a reliability of the position of the congestion section estimated by the congestion position estimation unit based on a change of the probability distribution model over time.

Abstract: Embodiments are generally directed to personalized smart navigation for motor vehicles. An embodiment of a smart navigation system for a motor vehicle includes a plurality of sensors of the motor vehicle to detect internal conditions, external conditions, or both for a motor vehicle; a controller to receive sensor data from the plurality of sensors, the sensor data including vehicle condition data, external conditions data, or both; and a navigation system to determine a route for an operator of the motor vehicle. Determination of the route by the navigation system is based at least in part on current conditions data received from a plurality of sources, the current conditions data including the navigation data for the navigation system and sensor data from the plurality of sensors.

Abstract: Methods, computer-readable media, systems and apparatuses for determining and implementing risk unit usage-based insurance policies. In some arrangements, sensor data associated with vehicle operation data, driving data, and the like, may be received and analyzed to determine a consumption rate of risk units in the risk unit usage-based insurance policy. In some examples, one or more driving behaviors may also be identified (e.g., from the sensor data, historical data, and the like). In some examples, one or more user interfaces may be generated displaying the determined consumption rate and/or driving behaviors. In some arrangements, additional information, such as one or more recommendations for improving (e.g., reducing) consumption rate may be generated and provided via the generated user interface.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to validating autonomous control software for operating a vehicle autonomously. For instance, the autonomous control software is run through a driving scenario to observe an outcome for the autonomous control software. A validation model is run through the driving scenario a plurality of times to observe an outcome for the model for each of the plurality of times. Whether the software passed the driving scenario is determined based on whether the outcome for the software indicates that a virtual vehicle under control of the software collided with another object during the single time. Whether the validation model passed the driving scenario is determined based on whether the outcome for the model indicates that a virtual vehicle under control of the model collided with another object in any one of the plurality of times. The software is validated based on the determinations.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating and communicating notifications indicating risks associated with vehicular operation are provided. According to certain aspects, an electronic device may access and analyze image data that depicts a vehicle operator in a certain state. The electronic device may determine, based on the state of the vehicle operator, whether a risk exists as well as information that may be helpful to communicate to additional vehicle operators. The electronic device may generate a notification that indicates the information and transmit the notification to at least one additional vehicle and/or to an infrastructure component.

Abstract: An example system includes a computing system configured to identify an event in an area between a first location and a second location and to adjust, based on the event, content of a cost map containing a representation of one or more routes between the first location and the second location. The system also includes an autonomous device configured to move between the first location and the second location based on the cost map.

Abstract: A system and method for navigating a vehicle includes a management unit (server) arranged outside of the vehicle for centrally storing traffic information and traffic rules relating to vehicle information. The traffic rules relate, for example, to road closures and restrictions based on vehicle type. A detection unit has an interface for detecting vehicle information of the vehicle, such as at least one vehicle identification number, and is designed to transmit the detected vehicle information of the vehicle to the managing unit. A computing module generates navigation information based on traffic rules stored on the managing unit and vehicle information. The generated navigation information is output in the vehicle by a navigation unit (client).

Abstract: Navigation systems and associated methods for providing navigation services are provided. Information associated with a desired route for a vehicle, such as a route between a current location and a desired destination, may be determined. Additionally, contextual information associated with the vehicle may be identified. Based upon the desired route and the contextual information, a direction may be generated for presentation to one or more users, and the generated direction may be output for presentation.

Abstract: A method for providing a traffic safety service of a traffic safety service server communicating with a client terminal includes: receiving sensor data of each sensor from the client terminal; classifying the sensor data into data according to at least one specific time slot for each sensor and calculating a safety score of each of the at least time slot; calculating an average of the safety scores of the at least time slot and calculating a safety score for each sensor, and calculating a safety index on the basis of the safety score for each sensor and a weight assigned to each sensor.

Abstract: A system and method for real world autonomous vehicle trajectory simulation are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods, computer-readable media, systems and apparatuses for implementing risk unit based insurance policies are presented. A user may receive a plurality of risk units associated with an insurance policy. The risk units may be stored in a risk unit account associated with the user, the vehicle, etc. During operation of the vehicle, sensor data may be received. The sensor data may provide information associated with driving behaviors of the user, environmental conditions in which the vehicle is being operated, and the like. A consumption rate of the risk units may be determined based, at least in part, on the received sensor data. In some examples, the consumption rate may be displayed to the user, such as via a mobile device of the user or a vehicle display. Further, in some arrangements, one or more driving modifications to reduce a consumption rate may be determined and provided to the user.

Abstract: Technical solutions are described for maneuvering a vehicle autonomously is described. An example method includes receiving, by a controller, a command to navigate the vehicle, the command based on a global route calculation. The method further includes ranking, by the controller, maneuver patterns from a list of maneuver patterns to generate a ranked list of maneuver patterns. The method further includes selecting a maneuver pattern from the ranked list, and in response to a comfort score assigned to the selected maneuver pattern being above a predetermined threshold, executing the maneuver pattern.

Abstract: A system for tracking cumulative motor vehicle risk includes a satellite navigation system receiver disposed within a motor vehicle and configured to determine a present location of the motor vehicle. A computer processor receives the determined present location of the motor vehicle from the satellite navigation system receiver and generates a traveled route therefrom. A first computer server receives a plurality of motor vehicle claims records, determines a plurality of motor vehicle accident locations from the plurality of motor vehicle claims records, and generates a motor vehicle accident heat map from the plurality of motor vehicle accident locations. A second computer server determines a cumulative risk exposure of the motor vehicle based on the generated traveled route and the generated motor vehicle accident heat map.

Abstract: A drive mode selection device for selecting a drive mode of an assistance device that assists a user by generating motive power using electric power from a battery, and that can be driven in a plurality of drive modes having different outputs, the drive mode selection device comprises a task information acquisition unit configured to acquire task information, which is information relating to a predetermined task to be executed by the assistance device; a remaining charge acquisition unit configured to acquire a remaining charge of the battery; a power estimation unit configured to estimate a power amount discrepancy on the basis of the task information and the remaining charge of the battery; and a mode selection unit configured to select the drive mode on the basis of the estimation result.

Abstract: Systems and methods for geocoding coordinates of users, vehicles and destinations on a map, and to identify when a transit vehicle deviates from a system generated driving route are disclosed. As the transit vehicle travels along the route, its actual path of travel may be compared to an optimal driving route generated by the system to obtain route deviation data. The route deviation data and/or road network data may be filtered to remove data noise and further analyzed to build a profile of a driver operating a transit vehicle. A digital signature identifying at least one pattern of behavior and/or operating characteristic associated with a specific driver operating a vehicle is further developed, and may be used to allow a system administrator of a vehicle fleet to filter out, or filter for, specific driver types based on driving behaviors that may be suitable for a particular operation.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable storage media for identifying, via a processor, a plurality of causes for a vehicle to record data on a blockchain, wherein one cause in the plurality of causes is a repetition of a previous journey. The system generates route comparison data by comparing, via a processor as the vehicle is moving, current journey data for a current journey to previous journey data of at least one previous journey by: comparing a current journey start time to a previous journey start time; comparing a current journey travel time to a previous journey travel time; and comparing current journey route coordinates to previous journey route coordinates. Then based on the route comparison data, the system generates a side block which references the previous block in the block chain but contains only distinctions from the previous block. The side block is then added to the block chain.

Abstract: Data indicating current driving characteristics of a driver driving a vehicle can be received. A driving profile for the driver can be determined and categorized into a driving pattern category. A plurality of candidate travel routes for the driver to reach an intended destination can be identified. For each of the candidate travel routes a plurality of route segments can be identified. Based on the driving pattern category, a probability that the current driving characteristics of the driver will cause a traffic accident can be determined for each of the route segments. A route segment for which the probability that the current driving characteristics of the driver will cause the traffic accident is lowest can be determined and a notification can be communicated to the driver or vehicle indicating that route segment.

Abstract: A drive mode selection device for selecting a drive mode of an assistance device that assists a user by generating motive power using electric power from a battery, and that can be driven in a plurality of drive modes having different outputs, the drive mode selection device comprises a task information acquisition unit configured to acquire task information, which is information relating to a predetermined task to be executed by the assistance device; a remaining charge acquisition unit configured to acquire a remaining charge of the battery; a power estimation unit configured to estimate a power amount discrepancy on the basis of the task information and the remaining charge of the battery; and a mode selection unit configured to select the drive mode on the basis of the estimation result.

Abstract: A wearable device is configured with various sensory devices that recurrently monitor and gather data for a physical environment surrounding a user to help locate and track real-world objects. The various heterogeneous sensory devices digitize objects and the physical world. Each sensory device is configured with a threshold data change, in which, when the data picked up by one or more sensory devices surpasses the threshold, a query is performed on each sensor graph or sensory device. The queried sensor graph data is stored within a node in a spatial graph, in which nodes are connected to each other using edges to create spatial relationships between objects and spaces. Objects can be uploaded into an object graph associated with the spatial graph, in which the objects are digitized with each of the available sensors. This digital information can be subsequently used to, for example, locate the object.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention may include a method, computer program product and computer system for managing mobile objects. The embodiment may identify, by an event agent (EA), an event occurring in a geographic space in which a plurality of mobile objects move. The embodiment may include determining the event is an expected event based on predicting time-series changes of the event handled by the EA. The embodiment may manage the one mobile object based on the expected event.

Abstract: An enhanced map information processing unit 14 of a driving assistance device 1 acquires from a determination unit 13 information on surroundings of a vehicle which is needed to perform autonomous driving, and acquires from a server device 2 environment information on surroundings of a route on which autonomous driving is performed. On the basis of the acquired environment information, the enhanced map information processing unit 14 extracts, as an autonomous driving unsuitable location Pn, a location at which the accuracy of the acquirement of the sensor unit 12 is predicted not to satisfy a standard for acquiring the information on the surroundings of the vehicle needed to perform autonomous driving. An informing unit 18 alerts the extracted autonomous driving unsuitable location Pn to a user.

Abstract: A mechanism for providing an instruction notification for navigation. A method includes receiving destination data of a user device and generating default navigation instruction in view of the destination data. The default navigation instruction provides directions from a first location of the user device to a second location of the destination data. The method also includes setting the user device to a commute mode in view of the destination data. The commute mode includes generating a modified navigation instruction that modifies the default navigation instruction.

Abstract: A control system for operating an autonomous earthmoving machine to move material from a work area to a dumping location is disclosed. The control system includes a receiving module to receive values of a set of parameters associated with a profile of a first ground surface between the work area and the first dump location, a profile of a second ground surface between the work area and the second dump location, and operational characteristics of the machine. The control system includes a controller to generate a first cost and a second cost of moving the material from the work area to the first dump location and the second dump location, respectively, and send instructions to the autonomous earthmoving machine to move the material from the work area to either of the first dump location and the second dump location, based on the first cost and the second cost.

Abstract: An information processing device includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry obtain target information that indicates at least one of a distance to a target object or a position of the target object. The processing circuitry generate, based on the target information, map information of a space including a plurality of areas, the map information indicating presence or absence of the target object in a first area included in the plurality of areas, and a detailed position of the target object in the first area.

Abstract: A method for providing configuration information for a system having a plurality of vehicles includes assigning, for each vehicle, a first number of degrees of freedom (DOF); presetting one or more system parameters representing a performance of at least part of the system (SP); successively optimizing each respective vehicle at each station by selecting a DOF for each vehicle from a second number of DOF for the respective vehicle and computing a global SP; assigning each vehicle of each station a DOF resulting from a first system configuration (SC); evaluating the global SP for the first SC; identifying one or more stations having a negative impact (NIS) on the global SP on the first SC; and successively optimizing, for the one or more NIS, each vehicle locally at each respective NIS with regard to the SP with a number of DOF greater than said second number of DOF.

Abstract: An imaging system may embed encrypted data into image data. The imaging system may generate image data in response to light received at a pixel array. The imaging system may include encryption circuitry that accesses an encryption key. The encryption circuitry may receive data related to the imaging system and/or to an environment in which an image is captured and encrypt the data using the encryption key. The imaging system may include data embedding circuitry that embeds the encrypted data into the image data to generate an output image. The components of the imaging system may be formed on a single imaging system chip. The encrypted data embedded in the output image may be extracted using an extraction engine and decrypted using a decryption engine and decryption key such that the data may be accessed by a user with access to the decryption key.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a terminal for providing a vehicle interface to a vehicle information terminal, which may include a terminal information collection unit configured to collect a terminal information of other terminals which is able to receive and transmit a content data; a wireless communication unit configured to receive a content data reproduction request from the other terminal; a content interface generation unit configured to generate a content interface which provides through the vehicle interface based on the terminal information and the content data reproduction request; and a content data relay unit configured to control reproducing the content data received from the other terminal through the content interface and providing to the vehicle information terminal.

Abstract: In embodiments, apparatuses, methods and storage media (transitory and non-transitory) are described that receive sensor data from one or more sensor devices that depict a user gesture in three dimensional space, determine a flight path based at least in part on the sensor data, and store the flight path in memory for use to control operation of a drone. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: Autonomous vehicles may be deployed to areas where an item is in demand, and configured to fulfill orders for the item received from the areas. The autonomous vehicles are loaded with the item and dispatched to the area under their own power or in a carrier. When an order for the item is received, an autonomous vehicle delivers the item to a location in the area. Autonomous vehicles may also be equipped with a 3D printer or other equipment and loaded with materials for manufacturing the item. When an order for the item is received, the autonomous vehicle manufactures the item from such materials, and delivers the item. Autonomous vehicles may be configured for collaboration, such as to deliver or manufacture items in multiple stages and to transfer the items between vehicles. Autonomous vehicles may also be configured to automatically access locations in the area, e.g., using wireless access codes.

Abstract: A system and method for avoiding or mitigating collisions by an autonomous vehicle is provided. Raw sensor data for the vehicle's environment is received, such as through a perception system of the vehicle. A trajectory is also received, the trajectory having a width corresponding to a distance that is at least as wide as the vehicle. The trajectory and raw sensor data are projected onto a grid, such as a static occupancy grid, having a plurality of cells. It is determined whether any cell that overlaps with the trajectory includes the raw sensor data. It is further determined, based on the raw sensor data, whether an obstacle is present along the trajectory. When no obstacles are determined to be present along the trajectory, the trajectory may be verified. However, where obstacles are determined to be present, the vehicle may take an action to avoid collision.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a traction battery, an interface, and at least one processor configured to present, via the interface, a message including a charge-vehicle recommendation for at least one charge station within the drive range, in response to (i) a selected destination for the vehicle lacking a charge facility for the battery and being within a drive range of the vehicle and (ii) a charge station being within the drive range.

Abstract: A method involves accelerating the electronic determination of high quality solutions to routing problems by utilizing determined optimized time windows for precomputing optimal path matrices to reduce computer resource usage. The use of traffic windows defined based on changes in rates of change of speeds for traffic on road segments allows for more rapid determination of a set of one or more high quality solutions as compared to requiring on-demand, in-process determination of a shortest path for a particular time during comparison of paths or routes performed as part of a process for determining high quality solutions to the routing problem.

Abstract: A controller includes a processor and a memory storing processor-executable instructions. The processor is programmed to control steering and at least one of propulsion and braking of a vehicle while following a route segment and, during the route segment, to activate a user interface at a frequency based on at least one of an elapsed duration of the route segment, an age of a user, a time of day, and a route-segment topology.

Abstract: A method of operation of a navigation system includes: determining a buffer distance meeting or exceeding a size threshold between obstacle locations; determining a merge timing based on a current location relative to the buffer distance; determining a lane placement based on a travel time meeting or exceeding a time threshold; and executing a lane merge operation with a control unit based on the merge timing, the lane placement, or a combination thereof for guiding a user's vehicle to merge onto a lane different from currently traveled.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided to analyze the vehicular speeds along a link that approaches a junction at the lane level. In the context of a method, a plurality of clusters of vehicular speeds are identified from probe data along a first multi-lane link that approaches a junction. For a respective lane of traffic of the first link, the method determines a value associated with the traffic having a respective state of traffic flow from among the different states of traffic flow associated with the clusters of vehicular speeds along the respective lane of traffic of the first link. The method further includes repeatedly determining the value associated with the traffic having a respective state of traffic flow from among the different states of traffic flow associated with the clusters of vehicular speeds for each different lane of traffic of the first link.

Abstract: One technical problem to be solved by the present invention relates to a device and a method for detecting surrounding vehicles, which are capable of correcting information on detected surrounding vehicles on the basis of the degree of energy necessary for cars to normally move along lanes and leave the corresponding lanes.

Abstract: To provide navigation to a destination to a user even in a state in which acquisition of a current position via a positioning module is difficult. There is provided an image processing device including: an image acquisition unit configured to acquire an image onto which a real object including a visual recognition target is projected; a recognition unit configured to recognize relative arrangement of a terminal that has captured the image to the real object by executing image recognition of the recognition target; and a control unit configured to display a display object indicating a direction toward a destination of a user on a screen of the terminal on the basis of the relative arrangement of the terminal recognized by the recognition unit.

Abstract: A driving assistance system has a driving information acquisition unit that acquires any of an amount of operations by a driver, a vehicle behavior, a state of the driver, and information regarding the environment surrounding a vehicle as driving information, a vehicle location information acquisition unit that acquires vehicle location information, a statistical information generation unit that generates statistical information by statistically processing the driving information as a time-series pattern, an information associating unit that associates the statistical information with the vehicle location information at the time of the acquisition of the driving information, an information reference unit that references and reads the statistical information based on the location information acquired by the vehicle location information acquisition unit, a driving assistance unit that performs driving assistance based on the statistical information read by the information reference unit, and a communication uni

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure describe systems, methods, and devices for automated vehicular control based on glare detected by an optical system of a vehicle. In some aspects, automated control includes controlling the operation of the vehicle itself, a vehicle subsystem, or a vehicle component based on a level of glare detected. According to some examples, controlling the operation of a vehicle includes instructing an automatically or manually operated vehicle to traverse a selected route based on levels of glare detected or expected along potentials routes to a destination. According to other examples, controlling operation of a vehicle subsystem or a vehicle component includes triggering automated responses by the subsystem or the component based on a level of glare detected or expected. In some additional aspects, glare data is shared between individual vehicles and with a remote data processing system for further analysis and action.

Abstract: A method performed by an electronic device is described. The method includes obtaining one or more trip objectives. The method also includes obtaining one or more evaluation bases. The method further includes identifying an association between at least one site and the one or more trip objectives. The method additionally includes obtaining sensor data from the at least one site. The sensor data includes at least image data. The method also includes performing analysis on the image data to determine dynamic destination information corresponding to the at least one site. The method further includes performing trip planning based on the dynamic destination information, the one or more trip objectives, and the one or more evaluation bases. The method additionally includes providing one or more suggested routes based on the trip planning.

Abstract: A trajectory generation device includes a storage unit that stores a plurality of trajectories; a trajectory acquisition unit that acquires a trajectory, corresponding to an environment similar to a current environment, from the plurality of trajectories stored in the storage unit; and a trajectory generation unit that calculates a longest trajectory part, which is present in a moving object moving area in the trajectory acquired by the trajectory acquisition unit, and generates a trajectory by connecting both ends of the calculated longest trajectory part to a predetermined start point and a predetermined end point respectively.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for student accountability systems. School buses can be equipped with a bus system that executes a driver application. Students carry student identification (ID) systems that identify the students to the bus system, which in turn reports a geographic location to a student accountability system. The bus system is configured to permit rapid boarding and easy usage by drivers. The student accountability system provides a parent portal and an administrator portal to monitor the students and provide other useful functions.

Abstract: Systems and methods for geocoding coordinates of users, vehicles and destinations on a map, and to identify when a transit vehicle deviates from a system generated driving route are disclosed. As the transit vehicle travels along the route, its actual path of travel may be compared to an optimal driving route generated by the system to obtain route deviation data. The route deviation data and/or road network data may be filtered to remove data noise and further analyzed to build a profile of a driver operating a transit vehicle. A digital signature identifying at least one pattern of behavior and/or operating characteristic associated with a specific driver operating a vehicle is further developed, and may be used to allow a system administrator of a vehicle fleet to filter out, or filter for, specific driver types based on driving behaviors that may be suitable for a particular operation.

Abstract: A signal processing apparatus capable of easily linking video data of a DVCR connected by an i-Link or the like and utilizing the same in a desired format is disclosed. Streaming data such as video data is defined, managed, and controlled in usage by an “optional-media” link tag linked to a “gpoi” tag defining a specific position in a position information file. The “optional-media” link can describe the five attributes of a format attribute for designating a connected apparatus and format information thereof, id attribute for further specifying the target in the connected apparatus designated by the format attribute, an “in” attribute and “out” attribute for designating a reproduction start position and ending position of the designated data, and a repeat attribute for designating a number of times of reproduction.