Abstract: A path generation device and a vehicle control system capable of inhibiting generation of paths that make a vehicle unstable are provided. The path generation device includes a path generator that generates a plurality of paths along which a vehicle is to travel, in association with each piece of environment measurement data about a travel environment of the vehicle detected by a plurality of detectors; a reliability setting part that sets, for each of the generated paths, the reliability of the path in itself, the reliability corresponding to the degree to which a variation in the path falls within a predetermined range, and a path-weight setting part that sets the weight of each path on the basis of the reliability of the path.

Abstract: A vehicular control system includes a plurality of sensors disposed at a vehicle so as to have a combined field of sensing forward, rearward and sideward of the vehicle. Data captured by the sensors as the vehicle moves along a road is processed at a control for detecting objects present exterior the vehicle. The control designates a plurality of locations within the fields of sensing. As the vehicle moves along the road, the control increases a value for each designated location when an object is detected at that designated location, and decreases the value for each designated location when an object is not detected at that designated location, and generates an object map based on values for the designated locations. The greater the value for a particular designated location, the greater the probability an object is present at that particular designated location.

Abstract: An apparatus for passive coherent location includes a forecaster, an evaluator, a receiver, and a correlator. The forecaster generates a prediction of a radio-frequency signal transmitted from an antenna of a broadcasting service. The evaluator generates an effectiveness metric from the prediction of the radio-frequency signal. The receiver receives the radio-frequency signal that an object reflects from the antenna to the receiver. The correlator determines, from the radio-frequency signal reflected from the object as received at the receiver, an ambiguity function having a maximum at a temporal offset and a Doppler shift. The temporal offset and the Doppler shift at the maximum partially determine at least a position of the object. The apparatus optionally includes a selector for tuning the receiver to the radio-frequency signal in response to the effectiveness metric.

Abstract: A system and method for managing third-party software packages at a roadside edge node. The method includes: receiving a third-party software package at an edge node management controller that is located at a roadside edge node, wherein the edge node management controller is used to execute a software manager application; using the software manager application, installing the third-party software package at the roadside edge node; executing the third-party software package at the roadside edge node; and providing sensor information to the third-party software package indicating information concerning one or more sensors that are present at the roadside edge node.

Abstract: Systems and methods of providing performance data streaming procedures are described. A MnS producer for measurement control receives a request to start or stop measurement collection indicating the measurements are reported by streaming, configures a NF to respectively start or stop collection of measurements and provides an indication of a result of starting or stopping the measurement collection. A MnS producer for performance data streaming, in response to reception of a request to set up streaming information sends a request to establish, add, or update a streaming connection for performance data streaming and receives an indication of a result of the request. In response to reception of a request to terminate the streaming, the MnS producer for performance data sends a request to terminate the streaming connection, or delete or update the stream information dependent on the functionality of the connection and the streams of the connection.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for generating a link for each lane when there is a plurality of exit lanes. The apparatus may acquire information about a speed of a probe vehicle from the probe vehicle, and determine a section for generating a divided link along a lane, based on a speed difference of the probe vehicle in an exit direction. Accordingly, it is possible to improve the accuracy and reliability of the speed of each lane.

Abstract: A traffic lane line fitting method includes: obtaining map information for a current position of a vehicle, the map information comprising a number of traffic lanes, a road width and line point information of traffic lane lines on both sides of the vehicle; determining, from among the traffic lane lines on both sides of the vehicle, a traffic lane line on one side, consistent with the direction indicated by at least one of the following, to be a traffic lane line offset reference used for traffic lane line fitting; offsetting and generating a plurality of traffic lane lines of the vehicle on the basis of the traffic lane line offset reference; performing curve fitting on a set of line points on the generated plurality of traffic lane lines so as to obtain a corresponding traffic lane line equation.

Abstract: A vehicle information processing apparatus includes a communication unit configured to communicate with a terminal of a first user, a storage unit configured to store an end-of-use position and an expected end-of-use time at which a second user of a vehicle ends use of the vehicle for each of a plurality of vehicles subjected to autonomous driving control and occupied by the second user, and a vehicle selection unit configured to acquire a boarding position and a boarding time at which the first user wants to get on a vehicle from the terminal via the communication unit and select at least one vehicle, of which the end-of-use position and the expected end-of-use time are in a predetermined relationship with the boarding position and the boarding time, from among the plurality of vehicles while referring to the storage unit.

Abstract: Communications server apparatus (102) for generating navigable map data comprises a processor (116) and a memory (118), and is configured, under control of the processor, to execute instructions (120) stored in the memory: to generate a series (340) of journey trace data sets (338), each journey trace data set comprising data representing a user journey (310), each journey trace data set being derived using geolocation transmissions (318) from a communications device (104, 106) of a user (308) undertaking the user journey; to aggregate the series of journey trace data sets to generate route image data comprising data representing a network of navigable routes; and to generate, from the route image data, the navigable map data, the navigable map data comprising data representing a series of geolocations corresponding to the network of navigable routes.

Abstract: A computing device (e.g., a server) coupled to a digital signage device may receive characteristic information associated with a visitor of the digital signage device. The received characteristic information may be analyzed, and based on a result of the analysis, advertisement attributes may be determined. The computing device may select, based on the determined advertisement attributes, a particular advertisement from a plurality of advertisement bids. The computing device may cause display of the selected particular advertisement on the digital signage device for the visitor. The characteristic information may be generated by the digital signage device utilizing a video analytics. The computing device may receive particular gesture information associated with a mobile device of the visitor who responds to the displayed particular advertisement.

Abstract: A user terminal, a transportation vehicle, a server, a computer program product, a signal sequence and a method for sending for a transportation vehicle. The method includes receiving user input entered using an actuation device of a user terminal, sending a wireless message, assigning the transportation vehicle to the user terminal in response to the receipt of the wireless message, determining an expected arrival time and/or interval until the arrival of the transportation vehicle at the user terminal, and displaying a waiting time determined based on the arrival time or interval by a number of luminescent light predefined for the display of the waiting time and/or a number per time unit of light to be activated or deactivated, and/or a position of a luminescent light of the user terminal.

Abstract: Devices, methods, nd machine-read le media to facilitate intuitive comparison and selection of calculated navigation routes are disclosed. An electronic device for navigation includes a touch-sensitive screen and a processing module for displaying a map, calculating a number or navigation routes simultaneously on the touch-sensitive screen, and receiving a selection of a route. Callouts, or markers for presenting key information about each route, are also displayed discretely on the map. Navigation tiles including key route information and route pictorials can also be created and displayed for each calculated route.

Abstract: A monitoring system for a vehicle includes a plurality of surveillance sensors in connection with the vehicle and configured to capture sensor data proximate to the vehicle. A position sensor is configured to detect a location of the vehicle. A controller determines a surveillance mode for the vehicle based on the sensor data and a plurality of security factors associated with the location of the vehicle. The controller activates the surveillance mode in response to the security factors and monitors the sensor data. The controller further filters a plurality of security events from a plurality of benign events and selectively outputs alerts in response to the security events and the benign events.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a method and for dividing geographical regions performed by a computing device. The method includes: encoding latitudes and longitudes in a first dataset to obtain a second dataset, the first dataset recording N groups of latitudes and longitudes, and the second dataset recording N region numbers, and each of the region numbers being used for representing a corresponding geographical region; obtaining a third dataset from the second dataset, the third dataset recording M groups of the region numbers, corresponding central point latitudes and central point longitudes in the geographical regions represented by the region numbers; and dividing the geographical regions represented by the M groups of region numbers into P regions according to the third dataset, each of the regions including at least one of the geographical regions represented by the corresponding group of region numbers.

Abstract: A lane marking detecting method, an apparatus, an electronic device, a storage medium, a program product, and a vehicle, where a specific implementation includes: obtaining a video stream including a lane marking; extracting a key image frame from the video stream at a predetermined interval of frames, with an image frame between adjacent key image frames being a non-key image frame; detecting, for the key image frame, a lane marking according to a feature map of the key image frame; detecting, for the non-key image frame, a lane marking according to the non-key image frame and a feature map of a previous key image frame of the non-key image frame. In this embodiment, the feature map of the non-key image frame is determined and the lane marking is detected by combining the feature map of the previous key image frame, thus enabling flexibility and diversity in lane marking detection.

Abstract: There is provided a driver-support system for use with a human-operated material-transport vehicle, and methods for using the same. The system has at least one sensor, a human-vehicle interface, and a transceiver for communicating with a fleet-management system. The system also has a processor that is configured to provide a mapping application and a localization application based on information received from the sensor. The mapping application and localization application may be provided in a single localization-and-mapping (“SLAM”) application, which may obtain input from the sensor, for example, when the sensor is an optical sensor such as a LiDAR or video camera.

Abstract: A navigation-communication-integrated metamaterial sonar for underwater vehicles is provided, and belongs to the field of ocean detection and communication. The metamaterial sonar is a metamaterial composite structure including a group of disc array with the same diameters, a disc backboard and water gaps. By adjusting the period p of the disc array, a board thickness t1 of each disc, the thickness g of each water gap, the radius w1 of the disc array, the radius w2 and the thickness t2 of the backboard, the working states of underwater navigation and underwater acoustic communication may be flexibly switched by changing working frequencies, and the navigation-communication-integrated sonar may be realized.

Abstract: A control arrangement for a vehicle, specifically adapted for use and creation of map data for improved operation of the vehicle. A corresponding method and computer program product is also provided.

Abstract: A system for generating a custom audio experience that is configured receive a first audio sample of a first impulse response corresponding to an interior of a vehicle, generate a first convolution reverb from the first audio sample, receive a second audio sample of a second impulse response corresponding to an audio equipment of the vehicle, generate an impulse response module from the second audio sample, generate combination module based on the first convolution reverb and the impulse response module, receive a third audio sample from a user, modify the third audio sample based on the combination module to generate a modified third audio sample, receive an indication of user input to play the modified third audio sample, and cause a user device to output the modified third audio sample.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for providing landmark-assisted navigation guidance by selectively utilizing database information includes receiving navigation requests from one or more mobile computing devices, each of the requests being associated with a respective starting point, destination, and travel mode. For each navigation request, a corresponding route to be depicted in a corresponding digital map is determined. For each navigation request associated with a first travel mode, corresponding points of interest (POIs) are determined from among a plurality of POIs stored in a database. The corresponding POIs are determined based at least on whether the corresponding POIs are associated with any landmark category. For each navigation request associated with a second travel mode, corresponding POIs are determined irrespective of whether the corresponding POIs are associated with any landmark categories.

Abstract: A method and a device for operating an assistance system of a vehicle involves detecting laterally static and laterally dynamic objects, which the vehicle is to drive past, as lateral boundary objects. A respective lateral distance of the vehicle from the respective lateral boundary object is detected. A speed of the respective laterally dynamic object is determined and at least the respectively laterally dynamic object is classified according to its type. A set of characteristic curves is stored in a control unit of the vehicle, the characteristic curves of the set being assigned in each case to an environmental situation predetermined depending on lateral boundary objects. It is predetermined by a respective characteristic curve for the respective environmental situation at what maximum speed the vehicle is to drive past a lateral boundary object at different lateral distances from the latter.

Abstract: An autonomous driving system configured to make an abnormality determination for an in-vehicle device at an abnormality determination point while an autonomous vehicle is driving autonomously includes: a route search unit configured to search for a travel route from a departure point to a destination point; a route determination unit configured to determine a determination route for making the abnormality determination for the in-vehicle device from the searched travel route, based on necessity of making the abnormality determination for the in-vehicle device and the number of the abnormality determination points on the travel route; and an abnormality determination unit configured to make the abnormality determination for the in-vehicle device at the abnormality determination point while the autonomous vehicle is driving along the determination route.

Abstract: A system and method for sharing an item of media content is described. An exemplary method includes associating a first location with the item of media content at a first mobile device and sending a request to view the item of media content to a second mobile device at a second location. The method includes showing a recipient of the item of media content a simulated journey from the recipient's location to a location associated with the item of media content. The simulated journey includes zooming out from the recipient's location shown on a map, following a path between the recipient's location and the location associated with the item of media content, and zooming into the location associated with the item of media content.

Abstract: A method for identifying key elements that affect emergence of global efficiency of a rail transit system and a simulation system based on evolution of intelligent group behaviors for implementing the method. The global efficiency of the rail transit system is determined in form of an index vector. Around the index vector of the global efficiency, the agent models of the micro-subjects in the rail transit system and a simulation system of the emergence of the global efficiency based on the evolution of intelligent group behaviors are established. An algorithm implemented in the simulation system is established to identify key elements of the emergence of the global efficiency of the rail transit system. The method and the simulation system of the present disclosure provide a systematic solution for the improvement of the global efficiency of the rail transit system.

Abstract: A computerized method for implementing distributed application security mesh systems comprising: providing a service graph; and providing an underlying mesh graph with a pre-defined paths.

Abstract: An assistance control system performs assistance control for causing a moving object to move to a destination based on map information. The assistance control system includes an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is configured to generate or update the map information based on input from a sensor mounted on the moving object, acquire a plurality of route candidates to the destination, evaluate certainty of the map information for each location or each section, and calculate a map information evaluation value, evaluate accuracy of the assistance control in the acquired route candidates based on the calculated map information evaluation value, and present a route candidate having the highest priority among the route candidates to an occupant of the moving object, or control the moving object along the route candidate having the highest priority.

Abstract: A road zone assessment device has a processor configured to select a first road zone from among multiple first road zones representing a first road associated with a vehicle navigation route, and connected with a second road zone representing a second road different from the first road, on a location-estimating map used for a vehicle, to determine whether or not the navigation route extends from the selected first road zone to the second road zone, to identify other first road zone associated with the navigation route from the selected first road zone forward on the destination location side of the navigation route, and to release association between the other first road zone and the navigation route when the selected first road zone is connected with the second road zone and the navigation route extends from the selected first road zone to the second road zone.

Abstract: A map update control method and a map update control system for a vision robot are disclosed. The map update control method includes the following steps: S1, measured data of the map attributes is acquired; S2, when it is detected that the vision robot completes a traversal of the preset working region, whether the current map and a prestored historical map meet a preset matching degree is judged according to the map attribute measured data, in a case that the current map and the prestored historical map meet the preset matching degree, it is determined to store the current map; and S3, when it is determined to store information of the map attributes corresponding to the current map, the information of the map attributes corresponding to the current map is written in a map storage medium, to update information of the map attributes corresponding to the historical map.

Abstract: Systems, devices, methods, and instructions are described for generating and using expressive icons with status indicators for a map based graphical user interface (GUI). One embodiment involves accessing location information, map data icon information, and action indicator information associated with an account of a social media platform. A device then causes generation of a combined action icon generated using the icon information and the action indicator and causes display of a map interface with the map data and the combined action icon positioned at a location indicated by the location information.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method and apparatus for displaying map points of interest, and an electronic device, relates to the field of artificial intelligence, and in particular to intelligent transportation. A specific implementation solution includes: acquiring features corresponding to multiple candidate points of interest; determining predicted popularity of the multiple candidate points of interest according to a mapping relation between each feature and each popularity and the features of the multiple candidate points of interest, and the mapping relation is determined based on the frequency of operations performed by a user for each sample point of interest in a historical time period; and displaying the candidate points of interest of which predicted popularity meets a preset popularity condition in a map. Therefore, the accuracy of the displayed points of interest may be enhanced.

Abstract: A method of transmitting data across a J1939 network comprises communicating at least one sensor, if not a plurality of sensors or operator interface devices, related to a utility service body data mounted on a chassis across the J1939 network on unassigned PGN/SPN combinations for various uses. Furthermore, at least one controller can evaluate other J1939 data, such as transmission gear and/or engine RPM before permitting operation of at least one function of the utility service body or upfit body with at least some embodiments.

Abstract: A control system for a vehicle using a forward-facing camera includes a look ahead module configured to determine a distance to a look ahead point. A lane center module determines a location of a lane center line. A vehicle center line module determines a location of a vehicle center line. A first lateral offset module determines a first lateral offset based on the look ahead point and the determined lane center line. A second lateral offset module determines a second lateral offset based on the determined lane center line and the vehicle center line. A yaw angle offset calculating module receives the first lateral offset, the second lateral offset and the distance to the look ahead point, calculates a yaw angle offset, and compensates a yaw angle error based on the yaw angle offset.

Abstract: A parking management system is provided that addresses the problem of parking difficulties in auto-valet situations where vehicle size is not taken into account. It includes a target parking position determination unit, a route generation unit, and a vehicle control unit. The determination unit considers parking block sizes, empty vehicle space position, and the own vehicle's size to find a suitable parking spot. The route generation unit creates a guidance route from the entrance to the target parking position. The vehicle control unit autonomously drives the own vehicle along the generated route. The system generates potential routes based on entrance or exit positions and determines a turning point on the route. If the own vehicle can safely navigate the turning point considering parked vehicle sizes and minimum turning radius, that route is selected as the guidance route.

Abstract: A method for storing or transmitting information may include determining at least one subdivision of at least one logical hierarchical data space. The at least one logical hierarchical data space may have a plurality of subdivisions. The method may further include creating at least one data block. The method may further include writing the at least one tuple to the at least one data block. The at least one tuple may be associated with the subdivision of the at least one logical hierarchical data space. The method may further include associating the at least one data block with the at least one subdivision of the at least one logical hierarchical data space.

Abstract: Described are street level intelligence platforms, systems, and methods that can include a fleet of swarm vehicles having imaging devices. Images captured by the imaging devices can be used to produce and/or be integrated into maps of the area to produce high-definition maps in near real-time. Such maps may provide enhanced street level intelligence useful for fleet management, navigation, traffic monitoring, and/or so forth.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining a rule that is associated with a segment of a map, determining a state for use in evaluation of the rule, evaluating the rule using the state, identifying an action to be performed based on a result of evaluating the rule using the state, and utilizing the action to be performed as an input to an automated control system of a vehicle.

Abstract: Example aspects of the present disclosure describe determining, using a machine-learned model framework, a motion trajectory for an autonomous platform. The motion trajectory can be determined based at least in part on a plurality of costs based at least in part on a distribution of probabilities determined conditioned on the motion trajectory.

Abstract: Procedural world generation using tertiary data is described. In an example, a computing device can receive road network data associated with the real environment and a road mesh associated with a real environment. The computing device can associate the road network data with the road mesh to generate a simulated environment. Additionally, the computing device can associate supplemental data with the road network data and the road mesh to enhance the simulated environment (e.g., supplementing information otherwise unavailable to the sensor data due to an occlusion). The computing device can output the simulated environment for at least one of testing, validating, or training an algorithm used by an autonomous robotic computing device for at least one of navigating, planning, or decision making.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide a system and method for lane marking localization that may be utilized by autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicles traveling within the lane. In the embodiment, the system comprises a locating device adapted to determine the vehicle's geographic location; a database; a region map; a response map; a camera; and a computer connected to the locating device, database, and camera, wherein the computer is adapted to: receive the region map, wherein the region map corresponds to a specified geographic location; generate the response map by receiving information form the camera, the information relating to the environment in which the vehicle is located; identifying lane markers observed by the camera; and plotting identified lane markers on the response map; compare the response map to the region map; and generate a predicted vehicle location based on the comparison of the response map and region map.

Abstract: A method for facilitating a vehicle travel route includes accessing, via at least one electronic device, a geographic map stored in a memory. Travel regions, curb approach settings and maneuver settings are provided on the geographic map, the travel regions being designated as preferred, restricted or prohibited and the curb approach settings and the maneuver settings being designated as no preference, restricted or prohibited. A first set of one or more of the travel regions, the curb approach settings and the maneuver settings are associated to a first travel scenario. The travel regions, curb approach settings and maneuver settings associated with the first travel scenario are displayed on the geographic map on at least one electronic device. A processor generates a travel route based upon the first travel scenario. The at least one electronic device displays the travel route for the vehicle to travel.

Abstract: Provided is a recognition device that can accurately recognize a position where a vehicle is to be stopped. The recognition device according to the present invention includes: a distance calculation unit 210 that calculates a map information distance between a host vehicle and a target feature based on map information; a stop line detection processing unit 130a that, in a case where the map information distance is equal to or less than a determination value, sets a detection area for detection of the target feature based on the map information distance, detects the target feature within the detection area, and calculates an actually-measured distance between the host vehicle and the target feature; and a stop line position unifying unit 310 that unifies data of the map information distance and data of the actually-measured distance to calculate a unification result of a distance between the host vehicle and the target feature.

Abstract: Provided are a method of providing recommended exercise route information, the method comprises extracting exercise route candidate areas based on satellite image data collected, generating candidate exercise routes using the extracted exercise route candidate areas, analyzing shape characteristics and environmental characteristics of each of the candidate exercise routes, clustering, the candidate exercise routes based on the shape characteristics and the environmental characteristics of each of the candidate exercise routes, analyzing a condition of each of the candidate exercise routes using the satellite image data, providing recommended exercise route information to a user based on the clustered groups of the candidate exercise routes and the condition of each of the candidate exercise routes, wherein the environmental characteristics of the candidate exercise routes include architectural structures around the candidate exercise routes and natural environment around the candidate exercise routes, and the

Abstract: Techniques are described herein for determining one or more actions for an autonomous vehicle to perform, based on simulation of at least one possible scenario. A possible scenario may involve, for example, the autonomous vehicle interacting with an object in the environment. The possible scenario may be simulated by modifying a first internal map containing information about the autonomous vehicle and the environment. As part of the simulation, one or more parameters of the first internal map can be modified in order to, for example, determine the state of the object at a particular point in the future. Based on the modification of the one or more parameters, a second internal map representing a possible scenario is generated from the first internal map. Both the first internal map and the second internal map can be evaluated to decide which action to take.

Abstract: A system for autonomously driving a vehicle along a road segment using map data including coordinate information of a landmark disposed along a road, includes at least one processor. The map data is distributable from a predetermined server to the vehicle in patch units, which are data sets for different areas. The processor is configured to: acquire a position of the vehicle based on a detection result of a positioning sensor mounted on the vehicle; and set a patch as a download target including a road which has a possibility that the vehicle passes through and is determined based on a current position of the vehicle.

Abstract: An automobile includes: a traveling road information storage device that stores traveling road information; a traveling position detection device that detects a traveling position of a vehicle; a display device that displays an image in front of a driver; and a control device that controls the display device such that the display device displays an image of a traveling line in front of the driver, based on the traveling position and the traveling road information. The control device controls the display device such that the display device displays the image of the traveling line by switching among traveling lines corresponding to a plurality of traveling patterns. It is possible to display the image of a traveling line depending on a traveling road or driver's need, by switching to a traveling pattern based on the traveling road or driver's need.

Abstract: In a virtual reality (VR) multi-screen display method, an electronic device receives a first operation from a user in an application that supports VR and the electronic device starts a VR multi-screen display mode in response to the first operation. Then, the electronic device receives a second operation from the user on a first application icon, and receives a third operation from the user on a second application icon. The electronic device creates a first virtual screen corresponding to a first application and a second virtual screen corresponding to a second application in response to the second operation and the third operation and displays content of the first application on the first virtual screen and displays content of the second application on the second virtual screen.

Abstract: A vehicle information DB holds information on whether or not a vehicle falls under a welfare vehicle provided with an assistance apparatus for a driver who has a lower limb impairment. A power feed facility DB holds position information of a power feed facility and information indicating whether the power feed facility falls under a contact type power feed facility or a wireless power feed facility. A processing apparatus creates a travel route such that a larger number of wireless power feed facilities are included along the travel route when the vehicle falls under the welfare vehicle than when the vehicle does not fall under the welfare vehicle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for localizing and enhancing a digital map through a motor vehicle. The method includes receiving a digital partial map representing an environment of the motor vehicle and capturing an image of the environment of the motor vehicle by a sensor arrangement of the motor vehicle. The motor vehicle is localized in the environment by comparing the received digital partial map with the image of the environment of the motor vehicle. The digital partial map is enhanced on the basis of the image of the environment, and the enhanced digital partial map and/or the image of the environment (U) is transmitted to a database for enhancing the digital map.

Abstract: A traveling route determination system of this disclosure includes a processor configured to operate so as to determine, by using a second route cost different from a first route cost that is used for determining a first traveling route for a first automated driving vehicle allocated with a demand of an on-demand mobility service, a second traveling route for a second automated driving vehicle not allocated with the demand.

Abstract: A screen control apparatus of a vehicle and a method thereof are provided. The screen control apparatus includes: a sensing device that measures illumination; a brightness determining device that determines a brightness degree corresponding to the illumination from one or more illumination measurement data; and a controller that controls a screen brightness of a display depending on the determined brightness degree. The controller controls the screen brightness of the display, whenever the brightness degree is changed.