Abstract: An uniaxial acceleration sensor senses an acceleration. An analog to digital (AD) converter converts the acceleration into a digital sensor value. A square-value calculating unit calculates a square value of the sensor value. A zero-point determining unit determines whether the square value is zero and every time the square value becomes zero, instructs an energy calculating unit to output energy. The energy calculating unit calculates the energy by integrating the square value. Upon receiving instructions to output the energy, the energy calculating unit outputs the stored energy to a threshold comparing unit. The threshold comparing unit compares the energy with a predetermined threshold. A tentative walking processing unit counts the number of times the energy is equal to or larger than the predetermined threshold. A step calculating unit calculates steps by dividing a counter value of the tentative walking processing unit by two.

Abstract: An acceleration information detecting unit of an acceleration detecting apparatus having an acceleration sensor with at least one axis that measures acceleration in a back and forth direction (or a right and left direction) of a walking person. Acceleration data indicating the acceleration is sent to a wireless communication control unit. The wireless communication control unit sends the acceleration data to a physical movement analyzer using a short-distance wireless communication method. On the other hand, the wireless communication control unit of the physical movement analyzer receives the acceleration data that is sent from the acceleration detecting apparatus using a short-distance wireless communication method and sends it to a walking speed detecting unit. The walking speed detecting unit estimates strides and walking period based on the received acceleration data and calculates the walking speed based on the strides and the walking period.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting motion by a mobile device is provided. The mobile device determines whether motion is detected by a motion detector. The motion detection is sampled at a first sampling rate when no motion is detected for a specified time. The motion detection is sampled at a second sampling rate when motion is detected, wherein the second sampling rate is more frequent than the first sampling rate.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein relates to systems and methods for detecting, calculating, and displaying the time-of-flight or hang-time of a moving and jumping object such as a skier or snowboarder by using at least one accelerometer secured within a small wearable device. In one embodiment, the inventive device comprises: a static acceleration detection means for detecting the static acceleration of the object over at least first, second, and-third periods of time as the object respectively moves, jumps in at least first, second, and third trajectories, and lands at least first, second, and third times along the surface thereby defining at least respective first, second, and third time-of-flight events; a calculating means for determining the approximate time-of-flight of the object during the first, second, and third time-of-flight events; and a display means for displaying in a readable format the approximate time-of-flights associated with the first, second, and third time-of-flight events.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for estimating a step length of a user are provided. The apparatus and method use a step length estimation algorithm, e.g. a step length estimation parameter coefficient, according to a movement state of a user, i.e. whether the movement state is a walking state or a running state. The movement state of the user is determined on the basis of an acceleration variance value of an acceleration signal output from an accelerometer. Accordingly, the apparatus and method prevent errors in step length determinations.

Abstract: To provide an electronic pedometer in which there is adapted such that a step number is counted by a walk motion of a user, and the step number is not counted by a motion other than a walk of the user. An electronic pedometer has a timepiece case, a signal processing part having been accommodated in the timepiece case, and an acceleration sensor and a slant sensor, which have been accommodated while holding their horizontal states. The signal processing part judges, in a case where the slant sensor has outputted a horizontality signal, whether or not an acceleration signal, that the slant sensor has generated in a horizontality time till a time at which it has thereafter outputted a slant signal, is a true walk signal, when there has been judged to be the true walk signal, it performs a walk addition and, when there has been judged not to be the true walk signal, it performs a signal processing so as not to perform the walk addition.

Abstract: To dispense with an operation of selecting a measuring mode and enabling to measure with high accuracy a number of steps in walking and in running. A detecting signal in correspondence with walking or running outputted from a sensor is inputted to CPU by way of an amplifying circuit, a filter circuit having a variable passing frequency band, an amplifying circuit, a waveform shaping circuit to count a number of steps.

Abstract: A structure for a housing case with a stepometer is provided, including a housing case and a stepometer integrated on the housing case. The housing case includes a housing space for housing an item, such as mobile phone, MP3 player, glasses, that the user will constantly retrieve. The housing case includes a foldable upper cover. When folded, the upper cover closed the housing space. The stepometer is located on the upper cover. The housing case also includes a connection element on the back so that the user can fasten the housing case on the waist. The present invention provides the user with a housing case for housing a portable item as well as a stepometer to keep track of own walking activity.

Abstract: An electronic pedometer has a walk detecting sensor to detect a walking movement of a user and to output a walk signal corresponding to the walking movement. A walk judging circuit judges, based on a walk signal from the walk detecting circuit, whether or not the user is walking. A control circuit switches an operation of the walk detecting circuit from a continuous operation to an intermittent operation when the walk judging circuit judges that the user stops walking. During a continuous operation, the walk detecting circuit continuously detects a walk of the user, while during an intermittent operation the walk detecting circuit intermittently detects the walk of the user within a predetermined cycle.

Abstract: A shoe-based weight measuring system, comprising: a shoe; one or more weight sensitive detectors constructed and arranged with the shoe to sense weight of a person wearing the shoe and walking or standing; a processor for processing signals from the detectors to determine a weight of the person; a remote receiver; and a communications port for wirelessly communicating the weight to the remote receiver. An on demand weight system, comprising a weight detector coupled with a shoe for sensing weight of a person on the detector, a processor processing information from the detector for determining applied weight, a personal data display, and a communications port for wirelessly relaying the applied weight to the data display.

Abstract: To enable to measure a number of steps highly accurately by dispensing with an operation of selecting a measuring mode when the number of steps is measured in walking and in running. A detecting signal detected by a walking sensor is amplified and outputted by first amplifying means by way of charge-voltage converting means. When a detecting signal by way of only the first amplifying means of the first and the second amplifying means is inputted to an input of CPU, CPU determines that a measured person is running, sets a mask time period or the like for running and carries out a processing of calculating a number of steps based on the detecting signal.

Abstract: To provide a pedometer capable of measuring a number of steps in walking and in running by using one sensor and by a small circuit scale. A sensor is mounted on the arm such that a sensitivity axis on the sensor is disposed in a length direction of the arm and a number of steps is measured in walking and in running. When a measuring mode is a walking mode, a detecting signal from the sensor is counted as one step, when the measuring mode is a running mode, the detecting signal from the sensor is counted as two steps to thereby accurately measure a number of steps in accordance with the measuring mode.

Abstract: An acceleration sensor outputs a walk signal having a charge corresponding to a walk. The walk signal is converted by charge-voltage conversion means into a voltage walk signal, removed of noise by filter means, amplified by amplification means and converted by binarization means into a digital signal, followed by being inputted to a CPU. The CPU performs open-close control of switches, such that the walking pitch, calculated based on the walk signal, comes within a predetermined walking pitch range stored in the storage means thereby controlling the conversion gain of the charge-voltage conversion means and controlling the walk detection sensitivity properly.

Abstract: A two-way motion sensor meter for measuring arm exercise. The meter is mounted on a wrist band adapted to be affixed to a user's wrist. The meter includes numeric display means driven by an electronic or mechanical system. The electronic or mechanical system includes first and second pendulums. The first pendulum is adapted to swing about an axis in a plane substantially parallel to a user's body. The second pendulum is adapted to swing about an axis in a plane substantially perpendicular to a user's body. Each pendulum is adapted to send a signal to the numeric display means each time it is caused to swing by movement of the user's arm upwardly and/or downwardly during exercise. The numeric display means is adapted to add each signal to provide a display of the total number of signals.

Abstract: An implantable pedometer for measuring the amount of joint use is disclosed. The implantable pedometer includes a sensor adapted for detecting indicators of joint usage. A counter is configured for storing count data corresponding to the number of indicators detected by the sensor and a telemetry circuit is configured for transmitting the count data outside of the body.

Abstract: A flashlight/pedometer has a pedometer assembly in a body. The pedometer assembly detects and counts paces or steps. The number of steps is displayed on a display on the body. A head is pivotally attached to the body via a hinge connection. The head includes one or more lighting elements controlled by a switch. The flashlight/pedometer performs both pedometer and flashlight functions.

Abstract: A method for tracking and rewarding a child's exercise activity by use of a pedometer and computer interface with the steps of providing a pedometer having a pet shape connecting with a computer and associated web site. The user connects the pedometer to the computer to download the site information to the pedometer and upload the pedometer information to the site. The uploaded data shows the amount of activity the user has achieved. The personal web site prompts the user to exercise for an appropriate period of time to keep the virtual pet happy. The user periodically uploads pedometer data to the web page and views amount of points gained. The points relate to the health of the virtual pet. Points can be used in games or traded for prizes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for counting the steps taken by a walker is provide. The method includes detecting an acceleration value generated by a step taken by a walker at every first stated interval, calculating a standard deviation of detected acceleration values at every second stated interval, determining a walking mode corresponding to the calculated standard deviation among first through Nth walking modes as a walking pattern of the walker, in which N is a positive integer that is larger than 1, checking if there is at least one absolute value that is larger than a threshold acceleration value corresponding to the determined walking mode among the absolute values of the detected acceleration values, and incrementing a count value as a step taken by the walker if there is at least one absolute value that is larger than the threshold acceleration value among the absolute values of the detected acceleration values.

Abstract: Improved techniques and systems for utilizing a portable electronic device to monitor, process, present and manage data captured by a remote sensor are disclosed. The portable electronic device offers a convenient user interface that can be visual and/or audio based customized to a particular application, user-friendly and/or dynamic. The portable electronic device can pertain to a portable media player and thus also provide media playback.

Abstract: To enhance precision in measurement of the number of steps even when a walk cycle changes. An acceleration detecting portion outputs a walk signal corresponding to a walk of a user detected by a walk sensor. A step number counting portion of a counting portion counts each signal which is judged to be beyond a first reference cycle range by a walk cycle comparing portion among signals from the acceleration detecting portion as the number of steps for one step, and when an extra-regulation step number processing portion judges that a predetermined number of signals each within a second reference cycle range among the signals each beyond the first reference cycle range is continuously outputted, counts the predetermined number of signals as the predetermined number of steps.

Abstract: An exercise monitoring pedometer for pets is directed toward measuring a pet's exercise over some, period of time, such as a day or week or month. The pet pedometer includes a solid state three-axis accelerometer, a signal processing unit, a CPU, a memory chip and a display with settable controls, and may include a voice recorder/player; or these functions may reside mainly on an application specific integrated circuit. The settable controls are directed toward providing a setting for pet stride size for conversion for walking and running, and for manual resetting. The pet pedometer auto-selects automatically for a pet's stride both a walking stride and a running stride. The present invention may also contain a recorder, typically a solid state recorder, which provide for a recording of the pet “owner's” voice, or selected music, so that the owner may record encouragement, etc., to his/her pet.

Abstract: To provide an electronic pedometer in which there is adapted such that a step number is counted by a walk motion of a user, and the step number is not counted by a motion other than a walk of the user. An electronic pedometer has a timepiece case, a signal processing part having been accommodated in the timepiece case, and an acceleration sensor and a slant sensor, which have been accommodated while holding their horizontal states. The signal processing part judges, in a case where the slant sensor has outputted a horizontality signal, whether or not an acceleration signal, that the slant sensor has generated in a horizontality time till a time at which it has thereafter outputted a slant signal, is a true walk signal, when there has been judged to be the true walk signal, it performs a walk addition and, when there has been judged not to be the true walk signal, it performs a signal processing so as not to perform the walk addition.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus comprises a mount, a housing, and a sensor. The mount is adapted to be disposed at least partially underneath a shoelace of a shoe. The housing is configured and arranged to be placed in at least first and second states in relation to the mount, wherein in the first state the housing is movable with respect to the mount and in the second state the housing is immovable with respect to the mount. There is a tongue on one of the mount and the housing and a groove on the other of the mount and the housing, the tongue being adapted to engage the groove when the housing is in the second state in relation to the mount and to disengage the groove then the housing is in the first state with respect to the mount. The sensor, which senses motion of the shoe, is disposed within the housing such that the sensor remains disposed within the housing when the housing is placed in the first state in relation to the mount and the housing is moved with respect to the mount.

Abstract: A walking gait detection apparatus includes a microphone for picking up low-frequency-band sounds that are transmitted through the body of a pedestrian while walking and an analyzer for performing analysis. Accordingly, the gait of the pedestrian is detected. It is also possible to distinguish the gait pattern on the basis of the stance-phase time of a foot sole and the signal intensity, for example. The gait detection apparatus can accurately estimate the stride length on the basis of a detected gait cycle, the height of the pedestrian, and signals detected during walking. On the basis of low-frequency sounds picked up by the microphone while the pedestrian is walking, the pedestrian can be identified.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for determining speed or distance traveled of moving persons by utilizing sensors selectively insertable within shoes. Shoe based systems employing sensors (e.g., accelerometers) are disclosed to determine and report (e.g., via a watch or MP3 player) speed and/or distance traveled.

Abstract: To carry out step number measurement more precisely even when a walk signal enough to be detected is not obtained. After a fixed noise of a signal detected by an acceleration detecting portion having an acceleration sensor is removed by a filter portion of a counting portion, a walk cycle comparing portion compares a cycle of the resultant signal with a moving average value calculated by a walk cycle calculating portion, and each signal within a predetermined cycle range is counted as the number of steps for one step by a step number counting portion. A signal within a range similar to a cycle n times as large as a predetermined cycle of the signals each beyond the predetermined cycle range is judged as the number of steps for n steps by an extra-regulation step number processing portion and is counted as the number of steps for n steps by the step number counting portion. Data on the number of steps obtained through the counting in the step number counting portion is displayed on a display portion.

Abstract: A method for quantifying activity levels of an individual within a predetermined time period including measuring a plurality of activity variables from an individual during a predetermined time period, providing a plurality of activity variables with minimum and maximum threshold values and a weighing factor, calculating a subindex for each of the activity variables as a function of the minimum and maximum threshold values and the weighing factor, and calculating a sum of the activity variables to determine an activity index of an individual. A personal activity level analysis system is configured to execute the method for obtaining an activity index used in quantifying an activity level of an individual.

Abstract: A pedometer is provided for use by a pregnant woman. Embodiments include a pedometer having a number-of-activity step acquisition unit that acquires the number of activity steps taken by the pregnant woman, an activity energy consumption calculation unit that calculates activity energy consumption caused by the number of activity steps, and a proper energy consumption storage unit that stores proper energy consumption for the pregnant woman. A comparison and assessment unit compares the activity energy consumption with the corresponding proper energy consumption and assesses the activity energy consumption of the pregnant woman. A comparison and assessment result output unit outputs the result of the comparison and assessment.

Abstract: Disclosed is a health care system, comprising: a living body data input unit; a living body data display unit; and an advice display unit, wherein said living body data input unit enters the living body data, said living body data display unit displays the living body data, and said advice display unit displays an advice about health according to said living body data. Furthermore, said advice display unit displays the advice about health in such manner that a human animation character points to the advice within a balloon with a hand while moving a mouth and waving the hand.

Abstract: A pagewidth printhead assembly (1) includes at least one pagewidth printhead received in a printhead supporting shell (4). The shell comprises a longitudinal laminated structure defining an interior space and formed from continuous layers of at least two materials (10,11). The layers are odd in number and disposed symmetrically about a central layer (10).

Abstract: A gait detection apparatus includes a microphone for picking up low-frequency-band sounds which are transmitted through the body of a pedestrian while walking and an analyzer for performing analysis. Accordingly, the gait of the pedestrian is detected. It is also possible to distinguish the gait pattern on the basis of the stance-phase time of a foot sole, the signal intensity, etc. The gait detection apparatus can accurately estimate the step length on the basis of a detected gait cycle, the height of the pedestrian, and signals detected during walking. On the basis of low-frequency-region sounds picked up by the microphone while the pedestrian is walking, the pedestrian can be identified.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method involves determining at least one calculated parameter based upon at least one determined performance parameter of the user and at least one determined variable physiological parameter of the user. In another embodiment, a method involves identifying at least one of an existence of a non-zero grade of a surface and a value of the grade of the surface based upon at least one determined variable physiological parameter of a user.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a display unit to be mounted on a wrist of a user includes a display screen, a base, and at least one strap. The display unit is configured such that, when it is worn by the user, the display screen is oriented at an angle with respect to a surface of the user's wrist. In another embodiment, visually-perceptible information indicative of determined values of the instantaneous pace of a user and the average pace of the user are displayed, simultaneously. In another embodiment, visually-perceptible information indicative of the determined values of the at least one variable physiological parameter of the user and the at least one performance parameter of the user are displayed, simultaneously.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes steps of: (a) identifying an average foot contact time of a user during a first outing; (b) identifying an average pace of the user during the first outing; (c) defining a relationship between foot contact times of the user and corresponding paces of the user, wherein the relationship is based upon the average foot contact time and the average pace identified during the first outing, and wherein no other average foot contact times and no other average paces identified during any different outings by the user are used to define the relationship; and (d) calibrating at least one device that monitors activity of the user in locomotion on foot based upon the defined relationship between foot contact times of the user and corresponding paces of the user.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided which comprises a console including on/off push buttons and a liquid crystal display for providing messages to the user, a receiver unit, a transmitter unit and a circuit capable of calculating the speeds of the user during use as well as operate LEDs which display the status of the apparatus and flash in response to movement of the user wearing the device while he or she is running or walking.

Abstract: An appliance maintenance apparatus for contactlessly detecting the operation states of appliances and operating the appliances in response to the operation states of the appliances, and an appliance remote maintenance system which comprises a plurality of appliance maintenance apparatuses, and a remote diagnosis control apparatus which is communicatable with the appliance maintenance apparatus through a public network to ensure the remote diagnosis control of the appliance maintenance apparatus from a remote place.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for calculating, presenting, recalling and recording the maximum running speed of a user over a prescribed distance in miles per hour or meters per second. The result is shown in digital and iconic form on a liquid crystal display (LCD). The apparatus incorporates a micro-controller, a LCD, a motion sensor, press switches and, light emitting diodes. The motion sensor is used to generate a signal, in response to external motion, which is input to the micro-controller for use in a calculating the speed in accordance with a prescribed formula. Upon completion of running over a fixed time period or distance, a message is displayed on the LCD to indicated the maximum speed achieved by the user during an interval of the fixed time and over the prescribed distance. The apparatus may be adapted for use on shoes, a user's wrists, or the like, for the purpose of encouraging the user to run as fast as possible, and to ensure safety of the user at night.

Abstract: An electronic pedometer to accurately measure stride length of a walker includes a processing unit with an ultrasonic sound wave receiver attached to one foot and an ultrasonic sound wave generator attached to the other foot. Pressure sensitive switches close when each foot makes a step, providing signals to the processing unit to record the number of strides. The processing unit computes stride length by calculating distances using the ultrasonic sound waves.

Abstract: A system and method for determining the progress and position of a pedestrian. The shoes of the user are each provided with communicating sensors. The sensors sense when a step has been taken and communicate with each other through Bluetooth, 802.11b, or some other such short-range wireless protocol. This communication includes a distance measurement, and the distance between sensors is calculated and stored with each step, the sensors being in communication with a central processor for this purpose. The sensors also determine their own orientation and their orientation relative to the other sensor, communicating this directional information to the central processor as well. The direction information is used to calculate the direction of travel and, combined with the accumulated distance measurements, the position of a user.

Abstract: An exercise monitoring apparatus comprising a training shoe 10 including a sensor 12 for generating a signal which varies according to the activity of the foot. A microcontroller 18 analyses the sensor signal to detect each footfall, and a radio transmitter 20 transmits data packets related to the number of footfalls detected over time. A wrist unit 24 receives the data and processes it to calculate a quantity based upon the received data, and includes a display 34 for displaying the calculated quantity.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring movement of a Mobile Station held by a user and for measuring the elapsed time of such movement. The invention is particularly suited for following the movements of the athlete as the athlete trains and/or competes, timing the athlete's movements and recording the time elapsed and the distance traveled by the athlete.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes a step of: (a) with at least one device supported by a user while the user is in locomotion on foot on a surface, determining an amount of force exerted by at least one foot of the user on the surface during at least one footstep taken by the user. In another embodiment, a method includes steps of: (a) with at least one sensor supported by a user, monitoring movement of the user while the user is in locomotion on foot; and (b) determining a cadence of the user based upon an output of the at least one sensor. In another embodiment, a method includes steps of: (a) with at least one sensor supported by a user while the user is in locomotion on foot, monitoring movement of the user while the user is in locomotion on foot; and (b) determining a stride length of the user during at least one footstep taken by the user based upon an output of the at least one sensor.

Abstract: A pedometer navigator system has an Euler Angle Measuring Subsystem (EAMS) coupled to a body frame provides Euler angles of a fixed coordinate system with respect to a navigational coordinate system. Left and right sensors are mounted on a surveyor's feet. An SBPMS (short baseline position measuring subsystem) provides a left vector {right arrow over (&rgr;)}leftp and a right vector {right arrow over (&rgr;)}rightp characterizing the position of the sensors with respect to the SBPMS coordinate system origin. A computer means responds to the Euler angles and left and right vector and determines an interval during which the left or right foot is stationary, and providing a transition vector referenced to the earth fixed navigational coordinate system. A navigation algorithm adds each transition vector to the previous present position of the navigation reference system to obtain a next present position of the position measuring subsystem.

Abstract: A method for assessing whether an animal has a total body fat or protein composition falling within a desired range, the method comprising the steps of: (a) obtaining a range of animal weight and a value selected from the group comprising pelvic height, frame score and animal size, such that animals having a weight and value within said range will have a total body fat or protein corresponding to the desired total body fat or protein, (b) measuring the pelvic height of said animal and if said value is frame score, further obtaining the age of the animal and calculating the frame score and where said value is animal size, further measuring the length of the animal and estimating the volume from the height and length measurements, (c) obtaining the weight of said animal and (d) comparing the value obtained in step (b) and the weight obtained in step (c) with the values obtained in step (a) and determining whether said obtained weight and value (c) and (d) fall within the range obtained in step (a) and if the ob

Abstract: A navigation system for mounting on a human. The navigation system includes one or more motion sensors for sensing motion of the human and outputting one or more corresponding motion signals. An inertial processing unit coupled to one or more of motion sensors determines a first position estimate based on one or more of the corresponding signals from the motion sensors. A distance traveled is determined by a motion classifier coupled to one or more of the motion sensors, where the distance estimate is based on one or more of the corresponding motion signals processed in one or more motion models. A Kalman filter is also integrated into the system, where the Kalman filter receives the first position estimate and the distance estimate and provides corrective feedback signals to the inertial processor for the first position estimate.

Abstract: A device comprised of at least a pair of accelerometers and a tilt sensor mounted in fixed relation to a datum plane defining surface (sole of a shoe) may be used for extracting kinematic variables including linear and rotational acceleration, velocity and position. These variables may be resolved into a selected direction thereby permitting both relative and absolute kinematic quantities to be determined. The acceleration is determined using a small cluster of two mutually perpendicular accelerometers mounted on a shoe. Angular orientation of the foot may be determined by double integration of the foot's angular acceleration (which requires a third accelerometer substantially parallel to one of the two orthogonal accelerometers). The two orthogonal accelerations are then resolved into a net horizontal acceleration or other selected direction which may be integrated to find the foot velocity in the selected direction. The average of the foot velocity corresponds to the subject's gait speed.

Abstract: The invention detects loft time and/or speed of a vehicle and/or person during activities of moving and jumping. A loft sensor detects leaving the ground and returning to the ground. A microprocessor subsystem converts the sensed information to determine a loft time. A display shows the recorded loft time to a user of the system. A speed sensor can detect speed for selective display to the user, and height may also be determined during airtime.

Abstract: The invention detects loft time and/or speed during activities of moving and jumping. A loft sensor utilizes a spectrum of information to detect leaving the ground and returning to the ground. A microprocessor subsystem converts the sensed information to determine a loft time. A display shows the recorded loft time to a user of the system. In addition, a speed sensor can detect the vehicle's speed for selective display to the user, and height may also be determined during airtime.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method involves, in response to movement of a user during at least one footstep taken by the user, generating a signal that experiences changes during a time period that the foot is airborne during the at least one footstep. At least one change in the signal generated after the foot has become airborne and before the foot contacts a surface is identified that is indicative of the foot being airborne during the at least one footstep. In another embodiment, a method involves generating a signal in response to movement of a user during at least one footstep taken by the user. The signal is monitored to determine when the signal has experienced a minimum degree of smoothness for at least a given period of time. In response to determining that the signal has experienced the minimum degree of smoothness for at least the given period of time, it is identified that the foot of the user is airborne.

Abstract: A pedometer navigator system is carried by a pedestrian, the pedometer system providing present position data as the pedestrian walks across terrain to be surveyed. The body frame is coupled to the pedestrian. An Euler Angle Measuring Subsystem (EAMS) coupled to a body frame measures and outputs the Euler angles of a fixed coordinate system with respect to an earth fixed navigational coordinate system. A left and right sensor is mounted on the pedestrian's respective left and right foot. An SBPMS (short baseline position measuring subsystem) is coupled to the body frame and has a position measuring coordinate system. The SBPMS measures and provides a respective left vector {right arrow over (&rgr;)}leftp and a right vector {right arrow over (&rgr;)}rightp characterizing the position of the left and right sensors with respect to the position measuring coordinate system origin.