Abstract: An embodiment of an apparatus includes a first component determiner configured to determine a component of a first signal, and an interpolator configured to interpolate a portion of the second signal in response to the component of the first signal. For example, such an apparatus may include an altitude-component determiner and an interpolator. The altitude-component determiner is configured to determine an altitude component of a first signal, and the interpolator is configured to interpolate an altitude component of a second signal in response to the altitude component of the first and to interpolate an empty portion of the second signal in response to the interpolated altitude component of the second signal.

Abstract: A system and method for quantifying an emission source is provided. The system and method obtain a plurality of emission concentration measurements at one or more sampling points and wind data over the time the emission concentrations are measured. For each sampling point, a virtual sampling arc can be constructed using the emission concentration measurements taken at the sampling point, the wind data for when the emission concentration measurement were taken and an approximate distance to the emission source. The virtual sampling arcs can then be used to construct one or more virtual sampling grids and the amount of emissions emanating from the emissions source approximated from the virtual sampling grids.

Abstract: A sensor error detection and compensation system is disclosed. The system may have a sensor state estimation module that is configured to generate a physical sensor confidence value representing an accuracy estimation of a physical sensor output value received from a physical sensor. The system may also have a sensor output aggregation module configured to determine an aggregated sensor value based on the physical sensor confidence value, the physical sensor output value, a virtual sensor output value received from a virtual sensor, and a virtual sensor confidence value representing an accuracy estimation of the virtual sensor output value. Moreover, the system may have a replace sensor decision module configured to determine whether the physical sensor has failed by comparing the physical sensor confidence value to a replacement threshold level.

Abstract: A method for determining carbon emissions from a steam generation system is disclosed. It includes measuring a first energy of feedwater entering into a steam generation system and measuring a second energy of steam exiting the steam generation system. The first energy is subtracted from the second energy to determine a total energy absorbed by the steam generation system. The total energy absorbed by the steam generation system is divided by the total energy to determine a heat input to the steam generation system. The heat input is used to determine the carbon emissions from the steam generation system.

Abstract: A method and device allow the determination of the concentrations of a plurality of gas species in a gas mixture based on the output signals from a plurality of gas sensors, each of which is sensitive to a plurality of gas species in the gas mixture. The method includes measuring the response of each sensor at a number of levels of each gas in the mixture, determining a mathematical representation of the response characteristics of each sensor, and using the mathematical representation to determine gas concentrations from sensor readings.

Abstract: A method for determining the service interval of a particulate filter including the steps of determining a normalized current pressure differential across the particulate filter and determining a normalized pressure differential across the particulate filter for clean conditions. The clean pressure normalized pressure differential is subtracted from the current differential and divided by the time between regeneration to determine a current factor. A maximum factor is predetermined and compared to the current factor to determine service life for the particulate filter.

Abstract: In a method for carbon accounting, an interface module of a server is configured to receive carbon emission data of a target, the carbon emission data including at least one carbon footprint activity of the target and an estimated amount associated with the carbon footprint activity. A calculating module of the server is configured to calculate carbon emission associated with the target. An alert module of the server is configured to generate a high emission alert when the carbon emission calculated by the calculating module is higher than a first predetermined value, and to generate a low emission alert when the carbon emission is lower than a second predetermined value.

Abstract: A method for determining the NH3 loading of an SCR catalytic converter in the exhaust-gas section of an internal combustion engine, in which the NH3 concentration in the exhaust gas is determined by way of at least one sensor, preferably an NOx sensor, downstream of the SCR catalytic converter.

Abstract: This disclosure relates in general to systems and methods for spot checking flow properties of a multiphase mixture containing one or more hydrocarbons flowing through a pipeline or the like. More specifically, but not by way of limitation, embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for creating slug-type flows of isokinetically obtained samples of the multiphase mixture flow. By spot checking the slug-type flow of an isokinetically obtained sample of the multiphase flow, embodiments of the present invention may provide for determining flow properties of gas, oil/condensate and/or water components of the multiphase flow. In certain aspects of the present invention, an active sampling device may be used to enrich one of the phases of the slug-type flow of the sampled multiphase mixture and/or take a representative sample of one of the phases of the slug-type flow of the sampled multiphase mixture.

Abstract: An ink cartridge includes: an ink chamber configured to store ink therein; a base board having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the second surface being formed with a void recess; and a pyroelectric portion mounted on the first surface of the base board and opposing the void recess via the base board.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises at least one frame, wheels operatively connected to the frame, at least one processor operatively connected to the frame, a plurality of gas detectors operatively connected to the processor, and at least one wireless transceiver operatively connected to the processor. Further, a rechargeable power storage unit is operatively connected to the processor, the gas detectors, and the wireless transceiver.

Abstract: Disclosed is an exhaust sampling system including a plurality of exhaust sampling system zones. The zones are, at least, a sampling conduit, a fill circuit, and a read circuit. A controller is programmed to predict a minimum dilution ratio to avoid condensation in one of the exhaust sampling system zones. The controller is further programmed to run a test procedure in which a sample of exhaust is diluted with a make-up gas at a selected minimum dilution ratio that is greater than or equal to the predicted minimum dilution ratio. Further disclosed are methods of predicting whether condensation occurs during a test procedure.

Abstract: Ethanol emissions from a direct ignition spark ignition are measured using mass spectrometry. The method exploits specific fragment ions from ethanol. Ethanol contributes ions of mass number 31, and no other gas species produces ions at this mass number. The method and a device for implementing the method can be used for online detection of ethanol in emissions from engines burning E85 or other ethanol/gasoline mixtures.

Abstract: A method for determining the oxygen concentration of a sample made of a semiconductor material includes a heat treatment step of the sample to form thermal donors, the measurement of the resistivity in an area of the sample, the determination of the thermal donor concentration from a relation expressing the charge carrier mobility according to an ionized dopant impurity concentration, by adding to the dopant impurity concentration four times the thermal donor concentration, and from the measured resistivity value. The method finally includes determining the oxygen concentration from the thermal donor concentration.

Abstract: There are provided a differential pressure deposition amount of PM deposited in a DPF based on an exhaust gas flow rate and a differential pressure of the DPF, calculating a model deposition amount of the PM using a model in which a PM amount burned in the DPF is subtracted from the PM amount, calculating a time change rate of the differential pressure deposition amount, and setting a first coefficient to be larger than a second coefficient when the exhaust gas flow rate exceeds a predetermined value and setting the first coefficient to be small when the exhaust gas flow rate exceeds the predetermined value and the time change rate is a predetermined threshold or more when multiplying the differential pressure deposition amount and the model deposition amount by the first and second coefficients, respectively, and calculating an addition value of the respective multiplied values as the PM deposition amount.

Abstract: A computer implemented, real-time, continuous, electromagnetic, spectroscopic, high sensitivity, digital method for analyzing a gas sample can include using an inline gas component analyzer to receive the gas sample. An electromagnetic beam generator can generate a beam to pass through a filter in a sample chamber and into the sample gas to form a sample wavelength. The sample wavelength can pass into an electromagnetic beam detector. A processor and data storage can be in communication with each component of the inline gas component analyzer for monitoring and controlling thereof. The processor can be in communication with client devices through a network for remote monitoring and controlling thereof. The inline gas component analyzer can be calibrated with a calibration gas sample.

Abstract: The CO2 content in a liquid, in particular a beverage, is to be tested. Three absorption measurements of the liquid are carried out respectively at a wavelength within a first wavelength range between 4200 and 4300 nm to measure a first absorption value with attenuated total reflectance, at a second wavelength within a second wavelength range between 3950 and 4050 nm and a second absorption value with attenuated total reflectance, and at a third wavelength within a third wavelength range between 3300 and 3900 nm and a third absorption value with attenuated total reflectance. A pre-defined model function is used for determining the CO2 content based on the first, second and third absorption values. The model function is applied to the absorption values and the result of the evaluation is kept available as the CO2 content of the liquid to be tested.

Abstract: A method of quickly detecting a handmade explosive in a bottle with a low erroneous alarm frequency is provided. A sample gas generated from a bottle placed on a bottle placement space is sucked-in, and ions of the sample gas are generated by an ion source and subjected to mass analysis. The presence/absence of a mass spectrum derived from the handmade explosive is determined from an obtained mass spectrum, and the result thereof is displayed on a monitor, thereby quickly detecting the handmade explosive in the bottle or the handmade explosive adhering to the surface of the bottle at a low erroneous alarm frequency.

Abstract: Systems and methods for measuring turbulent gas flux using high-speed vertical wind speed measurements (e.g., on the order of 5-10 Hz or more frequently) and low-speed gas content measurements (e.g., on the order of 5 Hz or less frequently), without the need for the sophisticated and expensive high-speed hardware to separate gas samples (e.g., into accumulation bags) according to updrafts and downdrafts. A time series of high-speed vertical wind speed data is used as a guide to distinguish between updrafts and downdrafts. When vertical wind speed is upward (updraft), the low-speed gas content is recorded into a data structure in one location, or marked with one flag. When vertical wind speed is downward (downdraft), the low-speed gas content is recorded into a different location, or marked with a different flag. Eddy Accumulation or Relaxed Eddy Accumulation computations can be performed using the stored gas content data to determine gas flux.

Abstract: A density-equation creating system includes a container, into which each of a plurality of kinds of mixed gas being injected, a heating element that is provided in the container and produces heat at a plurality of heating temperatures, a measuring section that measures values of electric signals output from the heating element respectively at the plurality of heating temperatures, and an equation creating section that creates a density equation including independent variables and a dependent variable based on values of density of the plurality of kinds of mixed gas and based on measured values of electric signals output from the heating element at the plurality of heating temperatures, the independent variables being electric signals output from the heating element at the plurality of heating temperatures, and the dependent variable being the density.

Abstract: Water droplets in exhaust gas that is, or was, analyzed by a remote emissions sensing system are detected. The detection may be made using measurements generally captured by the remote emissions sensing system during typical operation. As such, the detection may be applied “on site” as remote emissions sensing analysis is ongoing, or may be applied post hoc from data previously acquired by a remote emissions sensing system. The detection may be implemented without requiring additional sensors, more sophisticated sensors, and/or other additional or more sophisticated equipment being included in the remote emissions sensing system.

Abstract: A method of estimating water vapor transfer unit degradation without having to remove the unit from a fuel cell system to which it cooperates, and a device performing the same. The method includes using a combination of a backward-looking model and a forward-looking model. The first of these models is used to evaluate changes in water vapor transfer effectiveness in the unit, while the second is for determining the water transfer rate of the unit. Together, the models provide a more accurate way to estimate and control relative humidity for both stack inlet and outlet flowpaths, as well as provide an indication of when service or replacement of the water vapor transfer unit may be warranted.

Abstract: A gas detector with a compensated electrochemical sensor exhibits altered sensitivity in response to decreasing stochastic noise in an output thereof. A gain parameter can be adjusted to alter sensitivity. A life-time estimate can be made based on sensitivity.

Abstract: A method is implemented in a computer infrastructure and includes receiving data defining a detected gas emission level of a power generation facility. The method also includes communicating the data defining the detected gas emission level to at least one subscriber device using one of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) based communication and Session Initial Protocol (SIP) based communication.

Abstract: A system for the measurement of free and bound SO2 in a liquid beverage product sample comprising a sample container having a volume sufficient to provide a headspace above the sample into which a gas can pass; a gas flow system adapted to extract gas from the headspace and recirculating it back into the liquid volume; a measurement system configured to monitor a time dependent evolution of SO2 in gas from the gas flow system; and a dosing apparatus fluidly connected to the container to supply an hydrolysis reagent thereto. A heater unit is provided for supplying thermal radiation into the container to elevate the temperature of sample therein sufficient to facilitate the hydrolysis reaction and a signal processor operates to deconvolute the monitored evolution to generate an indication of the concentration of each of the free SO2 and the total SO2 content of the sample.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and systems for gas turbine inlet air flow rate measurement using inert gas. In an embodiment, a gas meter may measure the concentration of an injected gas into an air flow. A processor may receive the measurement of the gas concentration and calculate an air mass flow rate based on the gas concentration.

Abstract: This disclosure describes embodiments of a system and device for measuring corrosive components suspended in air flowing to a turbo-machine. The device comprises a fluid circuit with a detection module having a sensing element disposed in a manifold. The manifold surrounds the sensing element to prevent mixing of the flow of sample air in the manifold with air from the surrounding environment. In one example, the fluid circuit also comprises a fluid flow module with elements to monitor flow characteristics of the flow of sample air. Operation of the fluid flow module can effectuate changes in flow characteristics of the flow of sample air to optimize detection of the corrosive components.

Abstract: Systems and methods for sensing bubbles during fluid infusion are disclosed. An infusion device comprises a pathway, at least one pump adjacent the pathway, first and second bubble sensors positioned adjacent the pathway, and a processor. The pathway is adapted to receive tubing. The pump alters the pathway to pump fluid through the tubing when the tubing is received in the pathway. The second bubble sensor is spaced from the first bubble sensor. The first and second bubble sensors are configured to detect a bubble in the fluid being pumped through the tubing. The processor is programmed to determine that the first bubble sensor detects a bubble, determine whether the second bubble sensor detects a bubble, and to generate an alarm condition only when the first bubble sensor and the second bubble sensor detect the same bubble.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method suitable for establishing an analysis of a reactor effluent which is gaseous in process conditions and presents a gas phase and a liquid phase after cooling, comprising: providing a reactor producing a gaseous effluent at a temperature of at least about 100° C. and a pressure ranging from 0.

Abstract: A gas detecting system, device and method use a variable pulse voltage waveform to increase the temperature of a detecting unit of the gas detecting system so it reacts with gas molecules from a particular space, and outputs a sensing signal. A processing unit of the gas detecting system then performs calculations on the sensing signal, such that an analysis unit may determine the presence of a target gas in the particular space, and further the composition and concentration of the target gas within the particular space, thus providing a detection that is accurate, rapid and convenient.

Abstract: A system and method for quantifying an emission source is provided. The system and method obtain a plurality of emission concentration measurements at one or more sampling points and wind data over the time the emission concentrations are measured. For each sampling point, a virtual sampling arc can be constructed using the emission concentration measurements taken at the sampling point, the wind data for when the emission concentration measurement were taken and an approximate distance to the emission source. The virtual sampling arcs can then be used to construct one or more virtual sampling grids and the amount of emissions emanating from the emissions source approximated from the virtual sampling grids.

Abstract: An emission management system is implemented via a host server that is accessible to a large number of clients (organizations) using a website. Based on data input by a client relating to actual usage of resources, the client's past CO2e emission over time is calculated by the host server and displayed to the client on the website in the form of a wedge chart, with emissions along the y-axis and time along the x-axis. The server software also extrapolates the past emissions to display baseline predicted future emissions, assuming no reduction strategies are implemented. The client also inputs an emission target level and proposes one or more strategies for reducing the baseline level to achieve the target level. The server converts each strategy to a CO2e emission reduction and layers the different reductions between the baseline level and the target so the client can graphically see the effect of each strategy on achieving the target.

Abstract: A singular sealed apparatus and method suitable for confirming pressure measurements in a rebreather prior to use of the rebreather. The singular sealed apparatus may have a canister lid, gas sensors and a processor, all from a rebreather, as well as a pressure sensor, an input device, a processor, an indicator and a pod with a pressure measurement outlet, a gas supply inlet, a relief valve and a gas exit valve. Alternatively, the singular sealed apparatus may have a gas sensor from a rebreather and an analyzer, a pressure sensor, an input device, a processor, an indicator, a lid and a pod with a pressure measurement outlet, a gas supply inlet, a relief valve and a gas exit valve.

Abstract: A differential absorption spectrum for a reactive gas in a gas mixture can be generated for sample absorption data by subtracting background absorption data set from the sample absorption data. The background absorption data can be characteristic of absorption characteristics of the background composition in a laser light scan range that includes a target wavelength. The differential absorption spectrum can be converted to a measured concentration of the reactive gas using calibration data. A determination can be made whether the background composition has substantially changed relative to the background absorption data, and new background absorption data can be used if the background composition has substantially changed. Related systems, apparatus, methods, and/or articles are also described.

Abstract: A gas detection unit (10) capable of automatically communicating event data is provided. The unit (10) includes a housing (12), a gas detector module (14) mounted in the housing, and a programmable processor (16) configured to retain preselected event data of the gas detector module and to automatically initiate a wireless signal (18) communicating the preselected event data for further transmission to a remote database (20) in response to the detection of an available communication connection. The unit (10) can include a low power radio module (24) configured to transmit a low power radio signal (18) communicating the preselected event data in response to initiation of the wireless signal (18) by the programmable processor (16).

Abstract: What is disclosed is a system and method for testing a motorized vehicle's exhaust emissions in a non-controlled emissions testing environment. In one embodiment, the present system comprises a toll collection structure having a sensor for obtaining information about a registered owner of a motor vehicle and about the motor vehicle itself, as the vehicle travels on a lane which passes through the structure. At least one emissions detector, which is fixed to the toll collection structure, performs an emissions test on the vehicle by analyzing an exhaust plume emitted by the vehicle. Speed/acceleration of the vehicle is also measured. In various embodiments hereof, the emissions detector comprises a combination of dispersive or non-dispersive infrared detector and a dispersive or non-dispersive ultraviolet detector. Emissions data collected is automatically compared to emissions standards and an authority is notified if that the vehicle does not meet those standards. Various embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A control system for industrial water systems that utilizes multiple measurements of information and models to decide optimal control actions to maximize corrosion/scaling/fouling inhibition and particulate dispersancy performance and minimize cost of water and treatment chemicals. This system is capable of automatic operation for a wide range of process conditions, ensures multiple performance objectives, achieves robust operation under a variety or un-measurable disturbances and achieves the least costly solution delivery.

Abstract: An odor discriminating apparatus includes: a measurement chamber including multiple pieces of odor sensors; a gas introducer for introducing a sample gas into the measurement chamber; concentration adjuster for diluting or condensing the sample gas before introducing the sample gas into the measurement chamber; a vector length computation unit for plotting, in a multidimensional space formed by axes corresponding to detection signals generated by each piece of odor sensors, a measurement point representing a measurement result of the sample gas and for computing a vector length of an odor vector directed from an origin of the multidimensional space to the measurement point; and a controller for feedback-controlling the concentration adjuster so that the vector length computed by the vector length computation unit reaches a predetermined target value.

Abstract: Gas detector tubes may be used to determine a concentration of target gases in air. The gas detector tubes described may be read either by and optical reader or visually by the user. A gas detector tube reader having an optical reader capable of reading a length of stain, a color change and color density of a reagent in a gas detector tube. The gas detector tube may further comprise sensors for measuring the environmental conditions during sampling.

Abstract: The invention relates to a monitoring apparatus for a steam plant, the apparatus comprising: a receiver (14) for receiving data from a sensor unit (10) associated with a component of the steam plant, the sensor unit (10) being configured to provide an output indicative of the operating condition of the component over a given period; a storage unit (16) which stores the data received by the receiver (14); and a trend analysis unit (18), the trend analysis unit (18) being configured to retrieve the data from the storage unit (16) and to process and analyse the data to thereby identify a trend in the operating condition of the component. The present invention also relates to a corresponding method of monitoring a steam plant.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring relative humidity including condensing environmental conditions using a circuit with a capacitive humidity sensor and a reference resistor each connected to an input of a switch means and thence a quadrature sampling circuit. A sinusoidal source is first connected to the reference resistor and secondly to the capacitive humidity while a signal ground is first connected to the capacitive humidity sensor and secondly to the reference resistor. This produces a first voltage and a second voltage that are each sampled in quadrature. A complex ratio of the sampled voltages is calculated and converted into a representation of relative humidity.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to make reduction of interference influence and reduction of a measurement error compatible in a quantitative analysis of one or more measurement target components and to provide a analyzing device (100) that quantitatively analyzes one or more measurement target components in a sample using a spectral spectrum obtained by irradiating light to the sample, wherein the analyzing device is adapted to switch the library data between a first generation condition in a period of a predetermined time lapse after starting the sample gas generation and a second generation condition after the predetermined time lapse, wherein under the first generation condition, a plurality of measurement target components are quantitatively analyzed using the first library data obtained by compensating interference influence of measurement extra-target components; and under the second generation condition, the quantitative analysis of a plurality of measurement target components is performed using sec

Abstract: A detector detects the color of a medium after a gas to be identified and a reagent have chemically reacted with each other on the medium. A controller identifies color information, which is most similar to the color detected by the detector, from color information stored in a spectral database, and reads gas identifying information related to the identified color information, as gas identifying information representing the gas to be identified, from the spectral database.

Abstract: The invention provides for a continuous air monitor for detecting Alpha emitting radionuclides. The monitor measures and records the energy of each detected Alpha count in one of a plurality of channels and compensates for counts due to the presence of Radon. It does this by carrying out a channel by channel statistical test comparing the measured count in each channel to the expected count due to radon daughter products, and determining if any deviation from the expected count is statistically significant.

Abstract: A method for determining the oxygen concentration of a sample made of a semiconductor material includes a heat treatment step of the sample to form thermal donors, the measurement of the resistivity in an area of the sample, the determination of the thermal donor concentration from a relation expressing the charge carrier mobility according to an ionized dopant impurity concentration, by adding to the dopant impurity concentration four times the thermal donor concentration, and from the measured resistivity value. The method finally includes determining the oxygen concentration from the thermal donor concentration.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide (CO2) purity sensor package includes a fiber core, a periodic refractive index modulated fiber grating structure within the fiber core and a fiber cladding. A thermally conductive sensing layer is positioned about a portion of the fiber cladding surrounding the periodic refractive index modulated fiber grating structure. A gas chamber encloses the fiber cladding with the thermally conductive sensing layer.

Abstract: A system for monitoring a concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in an unsaturated zone of a site in which CO2 should be stored under the ground is provided which includes: a plurality of apparatuses for detecting the concentration of CO2 in the unsaturated zone, each including a cylindrical chamber buried in an unsaturated zone under the earth surface, gas introduction holes formed in the side surface of the chamber, and a CO2 concentration sensor formed through the top of the chamber so as to measure the concentration of CO2 contained in the gas in the chamber; a plurality of communication devices transmitting the CO2 concentration output from the CO2 concentration sensor; and a monitoring server storing a reference CO2 concentration every time zone and comparing the reference CO2 concentration with the measured CO2 concentrations transmitted from the communication devices to output a normal signal or an abnormal signal.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, a method for remote identification of at least one gas includes sampling a plurality of spectral images of a scene wherein each spectral image is sampled at a different wavelength, providing a reference spectral image, and generating a spatial displacement expression by detecting the spatial misregistration in at least one region of the spectral images between the reference spectral image and at least one of the plurality of spectral images. At least one reference spatial displacement expression is provided corresponding to at least one gas, and at least one identification process is implemented to identify at least one gas. The identification process employs the generated spatial displacement expression and the at least one reference spatial displacement expression.

Abstract: A soot discharge amount is calculated by multiplying a “steady discharge amount” by a “transient correction value.” The steady discharge amount is a soot discharge amount in a steady operation state, and is acquired through table search. For each of a plurality of factors which affect the soot discharge amount, a steady value (value obtained through table search) of the factor and a transient value (current value) of the factor are substituted for a characteristic equation which represents a change in the soot discharge amount with the value of the factor, whereby a steady characteristic value and a transient characteristic value are acquired. The “ratio between the steady characteristic value and the transient characteristic value” is then calculated for each factor. The transient correction value is obtained by multiplying together all values of the “ratio between the steady characteristic value and the transient characteristic value” obtained for the factors.

Abstract: A method of determining energy content using a specific gravity meter double calibrated to measure both molecular weight and relative density.