Abstract: Method for determining the colour formulation of a curable composition, e.g., a coating composition, which is produced by mixing one or more base compositions, e.g. base paints or toners, and which matches one or more pre-defined optical properties. The colour formulation is determined using batchwise determined base composition parameters, such as K and S values or parameters characterizing gloss, texture, metallic effect, etc. The base compositions are packed in containers comprising an information carrier, such as a bar code, making the batchwise determined parameters available.

Abstract: A method and system for inferring airborne contaminant concentrations in rooms without contaminant sensors, based on data collected by contaminant sensors in other rooms of a building, using known airflow interconnectivity data. The method solves a least squares problem that minimizes the difference between measured and predicted contaminant sensor concentrations with respect to an unknown contaminant release time. Solutions are constrained to providing non-negative initial contaminant concentrations in all rooms. The method can be used to identify a near-optimal distribution of sensors within the building, when then number of available sensors is less than the total number of rooms. This is achieved by having a system-sensor matrix that is non-singular, and by selecting that distribution which yields the lowest condition number of all the distributions considered. The method can predict one or more contaminant initial release points from the collected data.

Abstract: A device and a method for determining amounts of each of composition constituents necessary for giving a functional mixture functionality, without actual creation of the functional mixture, by varying the amounts in accordance with correlation coefficients between each of the composition constituents of previously obtained functional mixtures. The Mahalanobis distance for the amounts of N composition constituents, the Mahalanobis distance for the amounts of N-1 composition constituents from which one of the constituents is excluded, and the difference therebetween are calculated. The amount of composition constituent whose exclusion corresponds to the largest such difference is varied and the Mahalanobis distance is calculated again. Amounts of composition constituents for which the Mahalanobis distance is a minimum are selected as the amounts of the composition constituents for the functional mixture.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analyzing a fluid to obtain the concentrations of N of its components, N being at least three. The method comprises the steps of bringing a sample of the fluid to a plurality of successive temperatures, measuring a combined total of at least N acoustical and electrical parameters of the sample at each temperature, and determining simultaneously from the measured acoustical and electrical parameters, using a system of N linear equations, the concentrations of the N components. The apparatus combines acoustic and electrical measuring elements in one unit.

Abstract: An on-line sampling and analysis system and method in which a sampling line inlet pipe receives a continuous flow of a suspension or a slurry having particulates, such as grains, seed or phosphate rock, for rapid analysis of the contents therein in a flowing stream. A sample presentation area such as a window is positioned below the flow of the suspension or slurry in an assembly allowing for the depositing of a sample of solid content from the suspension or slurry which is collected for viewing by a computer controlled video camera. The camera is provided for imaging the sample of the solid content collected at the sample presentation area, and a personal computer analyzes images provided by the camera to characterize the content of the fluid media.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for identifying gaseous compounds, comprising a sensor array (1) having, for instance, ten gas sensors (2) in the form of semiconductor gas sensors. Said sensor array (1) has a supply line (3) with an inlet (4) and an outlet (5). A switchable three-way valve (6) is located in the supply line (3), to which a selective collector unit (7) is attached. Said collector unit (7) comprises a special adsorber (8), a heater (9) and a separate feed pump (10) with a flow sensor (11). A secondary line (12), in which a dilution unit (13) is arranged, discharges into the feed line (3) between the three-way valve (6) and the sensor array (1). A feeding and control unit (16) also having a feed pump (17) with a flow sensor (18) is located in the area of the outlet (5) of the sensor array (1). An electrical line (19) leading to an evaluation computer (20) branches off from the sensor array (1).

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for detecting an impurity in a sample where an index can be calculated to assess purity in the presence of n major components with signal averaging or noise-filtering automatically built-in. The method and apparatus can be applied to liquid chromatography impurity detection using UV-VIS spectrophotometry based on robust matrix algebra representing the entire spectral space generated by the sample.

Abstract: Rapid spectrum assay of multiple samples with infrared light is made possible by devices and methods that increase total light throughput. Multiple wavelength scan with Fourier analysis is combined with large numbers of sample wells located within infrared light compatible solid materials. In particular, very large scale measurement devices and systems for their use are fabricated from lithography and other techniques used for semiconductor processing.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the water content of a water-containing liquid mixture contained in a tight chemistry tank includes a heating device for controlling the temperature of the liquid mixture to a temperature near the boiling point of the liquid mixture, a cooling medium system disposed at the top of the tight chemistry tank having a cooling medium inlet and a cooling medium outlet, a temperature measurement system for determining the temperature difference between the cooling medium inlet and outlet, and a computing device for calculating the water content of the liquid mixture from the temperature difference. Also provided is a tank for supplying water to the liquid mixture, and a control system for adjusting the amount of water supplied from the tank based upon the water content measured by the measuring apparatus. Also provided is a method for measure the water content.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method and apparatus for controlling and optimizing the feed of two or more oxidizers to an aqueous stream, thereby providing a synergistic effect. The system combines the use of amperometric or ORP based sensor technology with amperometric sensor technology employing a gas permeable membrane, thereby providing definitive control of each oxidizer feed stream.

Abstract: An apparatus 10,70 and method is provided that includes a spatial array of unsteady pressure sensors 15-18 placed at predetermined axial locations X1-XN disposed axially along a pipe 14. for measuring at least one parameter of a solid particle/fluid mixture 12 flowing in the pipe 14. The pressure sensors 15-18 provide acoustic pressure signals P1(t)-PN(t) to a signal processing unit 30 which determines the speed of sound amix of the particle/fluid mixture 12 in the pipe 14 using acoustic spatial array signal processing techniques. The primary parameters to be measured include fluid/particle concentration, fluid/particle mixture volumetric flow, and particle size. Frequency based sound speed is determined utilizing a dispersion model to determine the parameters of interest.

Abstract: A plurality of multi-parameter monitoring tool assemblies are connectable over a communications network and are further in communication with a central controller. Each of the tool assemblies is configured to interconnect with one or more sensor head components which may be employable in the monitoring of water quality. According to the system described herein, the central controller may periodically communicate with one or more of the tool assemblies connected in the communications network and extract, process, and display information as to the configuration and operation of one or more tool assemblies.

Abstract: A multi-analyte diagnostic system for use with a computer. The diagnostic system includes a flow analyzer including a co-planar light source-optical detector array, the flow analyzer being communicatable with the computer. The diagnostic system also includes a memory medium readable by the computer and storing computer instructions. The instructions include the following steps. A biological sample is run through the flow analyzer. The identity and quantity of at least one analyte of interest in the biological fluid is determined substantially simultaneously to the sample-running step.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus tests liquids. When the method is implemented, following a reaction of constituents in the liquid with the maximum quantity at least of one free oxidizing agent and/or reagent contained in the liquid, the quantity of oxidizing agent and/or reagent remaining in the liquid is displayed visually as a measure of the quantity of constituents in the liquid reacting with the oxidizing agent and/or reagent. For implementing the method, use is made of a sensor that is configured as a sheet-like structural element and is provided with at least one inlet opening, a sample-accommodating channel, a mechanical pump, a transporting capillary, a detection zone, an emptying channel, and an outlet opening.

Abstract: Equipment and a method for testing the dissolution of active substances is described. The test method gives results which correlate well with in vivo behavior of the active substance without the need for mathematical transformation of the dissolution data.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a mixture is disclosed. The method includes acquiring amounts of components at predetermined intervals of time for a cycle during which the mixture is being dispensed such that fluctuations in the amounts of components in the mixture may be detected.

Abstract: An unattended, self-calibrating, microprocessor controlled, electromechanical liquid sample acquisition, analysis and storage system is contained in a sealed evacuated housing. Liquid is drawn by suction into the sealed evacuated housing where it passes through a microfluidic manifold assembly to be brought into contact with signal producing liquid condition sensors. A marker solution is used to demarcate samples of liquid stored in an evacuated capillary. The microprocessor stores the signals produced by the liquid condition sensors and allows for cross-referencing the stored signals with the stored liquid samples in the capillary.

Abstract: The invention provides an improvement in apparatus (20) for testing the level of contaminants in a fluid during a test period. The apparatus has a source of pressurized fluid (Ps) to be tested; a fluid sump (R); and a test passage (48) which is substantially free of occluding contaminants at the beginning of the test period and which is adapted to be supplied with a flow of fluid from the source. The passage is so configured and arranged as to be progressively occluded by contaminants in the fluid flow. The apparatus also includes a device (23) defining a variable-volume chamber (47). The volume of said chamber is variable between a minimum value and a maximum value.

Abstract: A laboratory technique for rapidly predicting the long-term hydrophobic organic contaminant (HOC) desorption behavior in a contaminated soil or sediment useful for planning remediation schemes and/or assessing alternative remediation endpoint decisions employs a superheated water extraction technique for rapid prediction of long-term HOC desorption. The proposed method has great practical significance because desorption at ambient temperatures requires months or years, while high temperature experiments are accomplished in hours or days.

Abstract: A method for determining the concentration of at least one acid or base in a complex solution is described. Multiple physical property values are first measured for the solution. The physical properties can be defined in the form of a set of solution property equations. The measured physical property values are then inserted into the solution property equations. When the equations are simultaneously solved, the desired concentration of the acid or basic component can be determined.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and a device for process control of reaction processes using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In accordance with the invention, an interferogram is generated before or after interaction with the compositions. Subsequent thereto, the interferogram is inspected in segments for externally introduced intensity fluctuations. The intensity fluctuations are subjected to an analysis procedure involving integration, differentiation, or the like, and on the basis of this evaluation, a decision is made as to whether or not the interferogram has an acceptable degree of interfering signals. The interferogram is labeled with this evaluation result and the procedure is repeated a plurality of times. After a sufficient number of acceptable interferograms have been collected, the acceptable interferograms are summed and subjected to a Fourier transform process to extract the frequency dependence.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for determining the oxidative stability of pure lipids or lipids incorporated into complex matrices containing other, non-lipid ingredients. An exemplary test system includes a first container adapted to contain the sample and a heater for heating the sample to make it give off an effluent gas. A second container contains a collection fluid through which the effluent gas can be passed. A sensor within the second container measures pH, acetate, ammonia, and/or formate. An optional computation device in communication with the one or more sensors determines a point in time at which the level of one of pH, acetate, formate and/or ammonia changes suddenly.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for estimating the initial level of an analyte in a sample based on an actual level observed, a time of storage of the sample, a storage temperature, and a type of container in which said sample is stored. Equations are generated for a particular analyte based on observations of actual analyte levels initially after a sample is drawn, as well as at various times thereafter. The time of storage, the temperature of storage, and the type of container are observed along with actual analyte level in each observation. The equations generated are considered useful if the estimated initial values are more accurate than the actual observed final values.

Abstract: A device and a method for determining amounts of each of composition constituents necessary for giving a functional mixture functionality, without actual creation of the functional mixture, by varying the amounts in accordance with correlation coefficients between each of the composition constituents of previously obtained functional mixtures. The Mahalanobis distance for the amounts of N composition constituents, the Mahalanobis distance for the amounts of N-1 composition constituents from which one of the constituents is excluded, and the difference therebetween are calculated. The amount of composition constituent whose exclusion corresponds to the largest such difference is varied and the Mahalanobis distance is calculated again. Amounts of composition constituents for which the Mahalanobis distance is a minimum are selected as the amounts of the composition constituents for the functional mixture.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the oil and water content of a heavy oil and water emulsion includes a low field NMR spectrometer and means for determining the total amplitude of an NMR spectrum at specified T2 values.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improvement to the two, inaccurate, traditional approaches relating concentration to density. The first of these assumes that the solute is completely insoluble in the solvent; the second is based on a soluble solute. The present improved relationship is referred to as the CONCENTRATION-DENSITY MODEL. This model allows for a theoretical determination of the concentration-density relationship for a multi-component solid/liquid or liquid/liquid mixture. Included in the Concentration-Density Model is a new concept referred to as ADDITIVE VOLUME COEFFICIENT (AVC). This concept compensates for the fact that the net volume of a mixture does not always equal the sum of the volumes of each component. This improved Concentration-Density Model provides fluid-handling manufacturers with a method for accurately determining a mixture's concentration on-line with the aid of current density measurement instrumentation.

Abstract: A method for faster determination of physical parameters (capillary pressure curves and relative permeabilities for example) of a geologic sample initially saturated with a first fluid placed in a vessel and subjected to centrifugation in the presence of a second fluid. The equilibrium saturations are determined before complete stabilization is reached through analytic modelling involving exponential functions, best adjusting to an effective production curve, for each speed stage. A database, obtained by means of various simulations, is used to obtain the relative permeability curves corresponding to the centrifuged sample. The method can be applied for measurement of petrophysical characteristics.

Abstract: A sample analyzing system includes at least one sensor located at least partially within a sample retaining area. In addition, the sensor has at least one edge defining a sample detection location. This sample detection location defines an area within which the sensor is capable of detecting a presence or an absence of the sample. The system analyzes sample data by first introducing the sample into the sample retaining area and then mixing a reagent with the sample to commence formation of a reagent product. After mixing and upon detecting the absence of the sample from the sample detection location by the at least one sensor, an edge of the sample is moved past an edge of the at least one sensor and into the sample detection location. Then, upon detecting the presence of the sample in the sample detection location by the at least one sensor, the edge of the sample is moved past the edge of the at least one sensor and out of the sample detection location.

Abstract: A mathematical determination model is used to select aroma substances for products to be aromatized and for the preparation.

Abstract: A method for determining the concentration of at least one acid or base in a complex solution is described. Multiple physical property values are first measured for the solution. The physical properties can be defined in the form of a set of solution property equations. The measured physical property values are then inserted into the solution property equations. When the equations are simultaneously solved, the desired concentration of the acid or basic component can be determined.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for measuring oil quality based on the permittivity of the oil comprising a capacitive or radiative sensor for exposure to the oil, and an oscillator circuit including the sensor, wherein the oscillator circuit comprises a LC or crystal oscillator which provides an output signal, the amplitude of which is dependent upon the lossiness of the Tan &dgr; of the oil, and a measuring device that responds to the amplitude of the output signal as a measure of oil quality.

Abstract: A signal generator is electrically coupled with a first sensor for sensing the conductivity of water and electrically coupled with a second sensor for sensing the conductivity of a foam solution that included a concentration of surfactant. One or more switches repeatedly switch between the sensed conductivity of the water and the sensed conductivity of the foam solution. A conversion circuit converts the conductivity of the water into a first voltage and the conductivity of the foam solution into a second voltage, such that a single circuit path may be used to convert both conductivity values. A control circuit compares the difference of the first voltage and second voltage to determine a differential voltage that is utilized to control a surfactant control valve.

Abstract: A sample analyzing system includes at least one sensor located at least partially within a sample retaining area. In addition, the sensor has at least one edge defining a sample detection location. This sample detection location defines an area within which the sensor is capable of detecting a presence or an absence of the sample. The system analyzes sample data by first introducing the sample into the sample retaining area and then mixing a reagent with the sample to commence formation of a reagent product. After mixing and upon detecting the absence of the sample from the sample detection location by the at least one sensor, an edge of the sample is moved past an edge of the at least one sensor and into the sample detection location. Then, upon detecting the presence of the sample in the sample detection location by the at least one sensor, the edge of the sample is moved past the edge of the at least one sensor and out of the sample detection location.

Abstract: The HDEIT method of the present invention permits one to use a variety of such indices to distinguish a tumour from normal surrounding tissue because it produces the value of the tissue characteristic at each zone in the tissues measured in accordance with the applied frequency. The tumour distinguishing analysis may be applied to the HDEIT image, or may be applied to the data that comprise the image without generating the image. Such methods are intended to permit the detection of tumors that are too small to be accurately seen in an image, but produce a large enough index for diagnostic purposes. One can apply this capability of the HDEIT method in a number of ways. For example, one can quickly scan the breast at low resolution, perform a distinguishing analysis for tumors, and then only perform a longer-duration high resolution scan if there was an indication of a diagnostically significant area to be examined.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of determining a true signal of an analyte, comprising (a) measuring an observed signal x for one or more analytes, and (b) determining a mean signal (&mgr;) and a system parameter (&bgr;) for said analyte that produce enhanced values for a probability likelihood of said observed signal, said observed signal being related to said mean signal by an additive error (&dgr;) and a multiplicative error (&egr;), wherein said system parameter specifies properties of said additive error (&dgr;) and said multiplicative error (&egr;).

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided in which silver ions are removed from a photographic fixer solution in a simple and efficient manner. The electrical conductivity of the solution is measured, which is effectively that of the fixer (thiosulphate). The electrical potential of the solution is measured between two electrodes immersed therein. A predetermined algorithm is applied to the two values to determine the silver ion concentration. If this is above a predetermined level, a silver recovery unit is activated. The measurements allow this unit to operate more efficiently than hithertobefore.

Abstract: An analyte test instrument having improved calibration and communication processes. The instrument employs a calibration method that allows it to communicate with any one of a plurality of data storage strips. A data storage strip including a memory device is inserted into the test port of the instrument. The data storage strip is identified, and the instrument establishes communications with the data storage strip using a protocol corresponding to the data storage strip. Second, the instrument employs a method for ensuring that the instrument is operated using valid calibration strips and test strips. The instrument determines whether one or more of test parameters stored in the instrument is invalid for a test strip inserted into the test port of the instrument. If a test parameter is invalid, an indication of the invalid strip parameter is displayed on the display.

Abstract: A multiple single use optical sensor includes a series of continuous sensor stripes deposited on a substrate web. At least one sample chamber is adapted to extend transversely across a discrete portion of the series of sensor stripes to facilitate analysis of a sample disposed therein. The sample chamber may be moved, or additional sample chambers provided to enable subsequent measurements of additional samples at unused discrete portions of the sensor stripes. The continuous nature of the sensor stripes provides consistency along the lengths thereof to enable calibration data obtained from one discrete portion of the sensor stripes to be utilized for testing an unknown sample an other discrete portion of the sensor stripes. This advantageously eliminates the need for any particular discrete portion of the sensor stripes to be contacted by more than one sample, for improved sensor performance.

Abstract: In a process for titrating substances by adding increments of a titrant in time intervals, the course of the reaction is monitored in its approach toward the end point (EP), and the addition of titrant is controlled. At least one differential component is determined from the course of the reaction and used for controlling the addition of titrant. The process can be performed by an apparatus that includes a delivery unit for the titrant and suitable devices for performing the monitoring, differentiating and control functions.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus tests liquids. When the method is implemented, following a reaction of constituents in the liquid with the maximum quantity at least of one free oxidizing agent and/or reagent contained in the liquid, the quantity of oxidizing agent and/or reagent remaining in the liquid is displayed visually as a measure of the quantity of constituents in the liquid reacting with the oxidizing agent and/or reagent. For implementing the method, use is made of a sensor that is configured as a sheet-like structural element and is provided with at least one inlet opening, a sample-accommodating channel, a mechanical pump, a transporting capillary, a detection zone, an emptying channel, and an outlet opening.

Abstract: An on-line sampling and analysis system and method in which a sampling line inlet pipe receives a continuous flow of a suspension or a slurry having particulates, such as grains, seed or phosphate rock, for rapid analysis of the contents therein in a flowing stream. A sample presentation area such as a window is positioned below the flow of the suspension or slurry in an assembly allowing for the depositing of a sample of solid content from the suspension or slurry which is collected for viewing by a computer controlled video camera. The camera is provided for imaging the sample of the solid content collected at the sample presentation area, and a personal computer analyzes images provided by the camera to characterize the content of the fluid media.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the indirect determination of concentrations of additives in metal plating electrolyte solutions, particularly organic additives in Cu-metalization baths for semiconductor manufacturing. The apparatus features a reference electrode housed in an electrically isolated chamber and continuously immersed in the base metal plating solution (without the additive to be measured). An additive concentration determination method comprises electroplating a test electrode at a constant or known current in a mixing chamber wherein the base metal plating solution is mixed with small volumes of the sample and various calibration solutions containing the additive to be measured. Plating potentials between the electrodes are measured and plotted for each of the solution mixtures, and data are extrapolated to determine the concentration of the additive in the sample.

Abstract: An automated nucleic acid compaction device for analyzing and compacting a nucleic acid complex into unimolecular nucleic acid particles. Broadly, the device includes a container support and agitation system; a measuring and testing system; and a dispensing system; all controlled by a control system. The control system controls the support and agitation system and the dispensing system based either on a predetermined formulation or by analysis of feedback data provided by the measuring and testing system. In a preferred embodiment, the device is a real-time measuring and mixing instrument operating in a closed loop system. The preferred embodiment also comprises a monitoring system including a submersible probe which is positioned in the batch solution to provide data to a controller. Once a desired level of nucleic acid compaction is reached, as detected by the monitoring system, the controller stops the dispensing and mixing agitating systems.

Abstract: A method for determining at least one physico-chemical property of a petroleum fraction is described in which a conventional analysis of the property is done for a reference petroleum sample set; each reference sample is analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with an atomic emission detector (GC-AED) to determine the distribution of an element from the group of carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, and nitrogen, as a function of the boiling points of the components of the sample, and the coefficients of the correlative model are determined from all of the data. The petroleum fraction whose property is to be determined is analyzed by chromatography under the same conditions, and the data that are obtained are multiplied by the coefficients of the model to determine the value of said property as a function of the boiling points of its components. Application to the determination of the cetane number as a function of the distillation profile of the components of the petroleum fraction.

Abstract: A method for determining quality of lubricating oil includes positioning first and second electrodes in the oil, wherein the electrodes are coated with an electrically insulating material; applying a symmetrically balanced time-varying potential to the electrodes, the potential having a predetermined amplitude; sweeping the potential over a range of frequencies from a first frequency to a second frequency greater than the first frequency; monitoring magnitude of amplitude modulation of the potential over the range of frequencies; and determining the quality of the oil based on variation of the amplitude modulation. A system for practicing the method is also provided.

Abstract: An on-line sampling and analysis system and method in which a sampling line inlet pipe receives a continuous flow of a suspension or a slurry having particulates, such as grains, seed or phosphate rock, for rapid analysis of the contents therein in a flowing stream. A sample presentation area such as a window is positioned below the flow of the suspension or slurry in an assembly allowing for the depositing of a sample of solid content from the suspension or slurry which is collected for viewing by a computer controlled video camera. The camera is provided for imaging the sample of the solid content collected at the sample presentation area, and a personal computer analyzes images provided by the camera to characterize the content of the fluid media.

Abstract: A method for controlling an air sampling pump includes establishing from empirical measurement a family of sets of data relating speed of the pump to the flow rate of air through the pump as a function of pressure drop of the air at the pump inlet and storing the data in an electronic memory. The pump is then operated at a selected speed corresponding to a desired air flow rate and selected inlet pressure drop. The actual pressure drop is measured and a pair of sets of pressure drop values are identified in the stored data, which values bracket the actual measured pressure drop. The desired air flow rate and corresponding pump RPM value for each of the identified pair of sets of differential pressure values are located and extrapolation is used to locate a new value of RPM for delivering the desired air flow rate at the actual measured value of pressure drop. The pump is then operated at the new RPM value.

Abstract: The separation profile results of capillary zone electrophoresis can be analyzed very rapidly, e.g., in 45 seconds or less, if the results are analyzed using a successive subtracting procedure to establish the separation profile as a function of time and projecting this separation profile forward in time to quantitatively analyze the separate species in the profile. The projection step can be accomplished using an algorithm along with or without Fourier transform (FT) techniques and the quantitative analysis can be carried out using principle component regression analysis (PCA) or suitable calibration procedures.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method and apparatus for controlling and extending the performance of lubricating fluids, such as lubricating oils. The method comprises simultaneous detection of multiple additives and contaminant levels in the lubricating fluids and measured input of selected additives to the lubricating fluids. The additive and contaminants levels are simultaneously and quantitatively determined using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, and any drop in additive levels below pre-specified limits automatically triggers corrective action whereby a computer-controlled delivery system is employed to replenish the depleted additives. The system can also be employed to detect irreversible degradation of the lubricating fluids and direct the degraded fluids to a holding area where they may undergo treatment or disposal and add new fresh lubricating fluids.

Abstract: A method, based on UV/VIS/NIR/IR (including Raman spectroscopy), is provided for the qualitative and quantitative determination of quality parameters in pulp and paper and/or the organic content in effluents from pulp and paper production, by applying chemometric methods.