Abstract: There is provided a content determination assistance system capable of efficiently assisting in identifying a mixture that is highly likely to be contained in a sample. The content determination assistance system records characteristic mass spectrum data for each of known compounds. The content determination assistance system extracts the corresponding current-sample mass spectrum from the current-sample mass spectrum data, and detects a high intensity mass spectra from the corresponding current-sample mass spectrum. The content determination assistance system outputs a degree of concordance in the mass spectrum between a known compound subject to determination and a current sample using the characteristic mass spectrum and the high intensity mass spectrum.

Abstract: A mass spectrum generation section (22) generates an original mass spectrum at a peak of a target compound based on data acquired through analysis on a sample. A background spectrum generation section (23) generates a background spectrum in accordance with each of a plurality of predetermined background acquisition conditions. A difference mass spectrum calculation section (25) obtains a difference mass spectrum by subtracting the each background spectrum from the original mass spectrum, and a spectrum similarity calculation section (27) calculates a similarity between each difference mass spectrum and a standard mass spectrum of a candidate compound selected from a spectrum library (28). A compound identification section (29) identifies the candidate compound as the target compound if the highest similarity exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A method of detecting specified target microbes in different types of sample uses only one to two cultivation steps for the enrichment of the target microbes from the sample, preferably in selective culture media, combined with a mass spectrometric detection method that identifies the target microbes in mixtures with other microbes even if the target microbes account for only a small proportion of the mixture. The sample may be a food sample, a sample from bodies of water used for bathing, a soil sample, a swabbed sample, a stool sample, an impactor sample with collected aerosol particles, amongst many others. The detection method is several days faster than standard methods and less expensive.

Abstract: The present invention provides an X-ray diffraction measurement apparatus configured to measure properties of an object to be measured M based on X-ray diffraction generated by the object to be measured at an intersection position between an incident optical axis and outgoing optical axes, the X-ray diffraction measurement apparatus including: three slits of a linear shape through which X-rays pass and that are arranged so as to be inclined in an axial direction of the outgoing optical axis; a first two-dimensional detector and a second two-dimensional detector that detect the X-rays passing through the slits within a detection region; and a profile calculator that calculates diffraction profiles indicating intensities of the passing X-rays detected by the two-dimensional detectors, for each of the passing X-rays, thereby being capable of simultaneously obtaining measurement results relating to properties of a plurality of materials having different diffraction angles.

Abstract: A handheld spectrometer can be configured with a visible aiming beam to allow the user to determine the measured region of the object. When the visible aiming beam comprises the spectrometer measurement beam, the spectrometer measurement beam comprises sufficient energy for the user to see the measurement beam illuminating the object. When the visible aiming beam comprises a separate beam, the visible aiming beam comprises sufficient energy for the user to see a portion of the aiming beam reflected from the object. The visible aiming beam and measurement beam can be arranged to at least partially overlap on the sample, such that the user has an indication of the area of the sample being measured.

Abstract: A measurement section (1) performs a mass spectrometric analysis for each micro area within a measurement area on a sample. A dimension reduction processor (23) performs data processing by non-linear dimension reduction using manifold learning on mass spectrometric data for each micro area, to obtain, for each micro area, a set of data reduced to three dimensions from the dimensions corresponding to the number of mass-to-charge-ratio values. A display color determiner (24) determines a color for each of the points corresponding to the data of the micro areas after the dimension reduction, by arranging those points within a three-dimensional space having three axes representing the three dimensions, with three primary colors respectively assigned to the three axes.

Abstract: The invention mainly relates to the mass spectrometric identification of pathogens in blood cultures from bloodstream infections (septicemia). The invention provides a method with which microbial pathogens can be separated in purified form from blood after a relatively brief cultivation in a blood culture flask, without any interfering human proteins or any residual fractions of blood particles such as erythrocytes and leukocytes, and can be directly identified by mass spectrometric measurement of their protein profiles. The method is based on the use of relatively strong tensides to destroy the blood particles by dissolving the weak cell membranes and most of the internal structures of the blood particles; in spite of the fact that tensides are regarded as strong ionization inhibitors in MALDI and other ionization processes required for mass spectrometric measurements.

Abstract: A plurality of measured product ion spectra is produced using a DIA tandem mass spectrometry method. One or more product ions are retrieved from a spectral library of known compounds or one or more theoretical product ions are calculated for the known compounds of a database. For each known or theoretical product ion, an XIC is calculated from the measured product ion spectra. Measured XIC peaks above a threshold intensity are grouped for the known compounds producing a subset of known compounds. Known or theoretical retention times are retrieved or calculated for the subset of known compounds. A regression function is calculated to correct the known or theoretical retention times using the known or theoretical retention times of the subset of known compounds as the independent variables and the measured retention times of the measured XIC peak groups of the subset of known compounds as the dependent variables.

Abstract: Methods and systems for near-real-time measurement and analysis of a fluid flowing through a pipeline. Analysis of the spectra of the fluid may be used to determine when a stable first pipeline fluid transitions into a transmix and then further transitions into a stable second pipeline fluid. By comparing the characteristics of the changing spectrum of fluids flowing through a pipeline as they transition from a first stable fluid, through a transmix phase, to a second stable fluid, this process can be achieved without the need to measure compositional or physical properties of the fluids or transmixes thereof.

Abstract: A method for harmonizing the responses of a plurality of Raman analyzers includes steps of calibrating an intensity axis response of a spectrometer to a reference light source and measuring a laser wavelength of a laser using the spectrometer. The method also includes steps of measuring a fluorescence spectrum induced by the laser at the laser wavelength of a plurality of standard reference material samples using the spectrometer, measuring a temperature of each standard reference material sample while measuring the fluorescence spectrum, and correcting the fluorescence spectrum of each standard reference material sample based on the respective temperature. The method further includes steps of deploying each standard reference material sample in one of a plurality of field calibrator devices and calibrating the intensity axis of one of the Raman analyzers using one of the field calibrator devices and the corrected fluorescence spectrum of the respective standard reference material sample.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing the deterioration of a lubricant, and a system and method for monitoring a lubricant of a rotating machine are capable of diagnosing the deterioration of an additive to a lubricant. The concentration of the additive to the lubricant is obtained by using chromaticity data obtained on the basis of measurement data from an optical sensor, and, on the basis thereof, the deterioration of the lubricant is diagnosed. In addition, the system for monitoring the lubricant is provided with an optical sensor, an input device, a processing device, a storage device, and an output device. The storage device stores, in a time series, the concentration of the additive to the lubricant, which is obtained with the optical sensor, and the processing device estimates the time at which the concentration of the additive reaches a threshold value on the basis of concentration data of the additive.

Abstract: A particle size distribution measurement device contains a specific particle size light intensity calculation unit that calculates a light intensity generated by particles having a specific particle size that are contained in an object, a correlation data storage unit that stores particle number-light intensity correlation data, and a particle number calculation unit that calculates the number of particles having a specific particle size that are contained in the object being measured based on light intensities calculated by the specific particle size light intensity calculation unit, and on the particle number-light intensity correlation data.

Abstract: An inline vision-based system used for the inspection and processing of food material and associated imaging methods are disclosed. The system includes a conveyor belt, a transparent plate, and an imaging system, wherein the imaging system includes a light source and at least one camera. The imaging system produces image data from multiple views of light passing through an object on the transparent plate and captured by the camera. The image data corresponds to one of transmittance, interactance, or reflectance image data and is transmitted to a processor. The processor processes the data using machine learning to generate a three dimensional model of the geometry of a portion of material internal to the object so as to determine boundaries of the portion relative to the surrounding material.

Abstract: A method for chemical identification of a sample having nanostructures includes the steps of irradiating the surface at wavelengths for each of a first and a second of the nanostructures that are uniquely absorbed by each of the first nanostructure and the second nanostructure such that each is excited to modulate at a first or a second nanostructure frequency, respectively. The method continues with the steps of irradiating the surface with electron beams incident on each of the first and second nanostructure, wherein at least one of secondary electrons, backscattered electrons and transmitted electrons are modulated at the frequency corresponding to each of the first and second nanostructure frequencies. A chemical map of the sample at an atomic scale is then created. A microscope is provided to carry out the method.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and an apparatus for determining the concentration of an analyte in a body fluid, where the following measures are proposed: providing a layered test element (12) including an enzyme-based chemistry layer which is responsive to the analyte by a color change, applying a sample of the body fluid onto the test element (12), detecting by means of a photometric reflectance measuring device (16) a reflectance value of the test element (12), correcting the measured reflectance value by a predetermined offset value attributed to the test element (12), determining a concentration value of the analyte using the offset-corrected reflectance value.

Abstract: Automated methods and systems for diverting transmix from a petroleum pipeline are provided to reduce the overall production of transmix on the pipeline, based on pre-defined programmed cut-points associated with the various subtypes of hydrocarbon carried on the pipeline.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting and correcting incoming substrate deformation is disclosed. Substrates are positioned in a first process chamber, where the presence and type of substrate bow is detected. Based upon the detection of substrate bow, and a determination of whether the substrate has a compressive bow or a tensile bow, a substrate processing program is selected for execution. The substrate processing program can be executed in the first process chamber or in a second process chamber to correct or alleviate the bow prior to or during further processing of the substrate.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a method for estimating a particle size distribution (PSD) and a morphology for a set of particles. A computer system receives a plurality of chord length distributions (CLDs) of different types for a set of particles. The computer system then estimates a morphology for the set of particles based on the plurality of received CLDs. The computer system also identifies a plurality of descriptors of the plurality of CLDs for the set of particles based on the plurality of received CLDs. The computer system then estimates metrics for the PSD for the set of particles based on the plurality of identified CLD descriptors. Based on the estimated PSD metrics for the set of particles, the computer system generates an estimate of the PSD for the set of particles. Finally, the computer system outputs the estimated morphology and the estimated PSD for the set of particles.

Abstract: Automated methods and systems for diverting transmix from a petroleum pipeline are provided to reduce the overall production of transmix on the pipeline, based on pre-defined programmed cut-points associated with the various subtypes of hydrocarbon carried on the pipeline.

Abstract: Provided is a method for acquiring information relating to a composition of a detected object from results of a measurement, using radiation, this method including: a step for acquiring by a computer a result of measuring the detected object using radiation; a step for estimating by a computer a chemical composition ratio of the detected object, using an equation that contains a value derived from the measurement result as a constant and contains a value derived from the chemical composition ratio of the detected object as a variable, and then solving the equation; and a step for outputting the estimated chemical composition ratio or a physical property value acquired based on the estimated chemical composition ratio as information relating to the composition of the detected object.

Abstract: The present disclosure involves a computer-implemented unmixing algorithm that employs a least-square method involving image patches, and a computer-implemented unmixing or color deconvolution method that incorporates spatial smoothness and structure continuity constraints, for example, into a neighborhood graph regularizer, such as using a graph to enforce the pixel value similarities for those pixels in the same neighborhood.

Abstract: A method for determining a probability that ingredient materials found at a scene will be used for producing a target material, the method comprising using at least one hardware processor for: receiving input related to at least one ingredient material found at a scene; determining an ingredient material score from the input, the ingredient material score indicating a probability that the at least one ingredient material is found at the scene; and determining a target material score associated with a target material, the score indicative of a probability that the at least one ingredient material is used for producing the target material, wherein the target material score relates to a ratio between a sum of the ingredient material score of materials required for producing the target material and detected at the scene, and a number of ingredient materials required for producing the target material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the delivery rate of a pump. In this context, a value of the delivery level and a value of the power of the pump are determined. A probability density function is calculated for the delivery level and the power. A first probability density function of the delivery rate is calculated on the basis of a delivery level-delivery rate relationship and the probability density function of the delivery level. A second probability density function of the delivery rate is determined on the basis of a power-delivery rate relationship and the probability density function of the power. A combined probability density function of the delivery rate is determined on the basis of the first and second probability density functions. The delivery rate is determined on the basis of the combined probability density function.

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention is directed to a method of analyzing liquid chromatography data. The method comprises collecting, by a data processing system, first volume fractions data from a first liquid chromatography column for a first absorbance wavelength of light ?1 from a first run of a liquid chromatography process on a mixture, wherein the first liquid chromatography column screens for a first characteristic of the mixture.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems, apparatuses, and methods for fluid analysis. Embodiments include a removable and replaceable sampling system and an analytical system connected to the sampling system. A fluid may be routed through the sampling system and real-time data may be collected from the fluid via the sampling system. The sampling system may process and transmit the real-time data to the analytical system. The analytical system may include a command and control system that may receive and store the real-time data in a database and compare the real-time data to existing data for the fluid in the database to identify conditions in the fluid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a metrology apparatus and method for measuring a structure formed on a substrate by a lithographic process. The metrology apparatus comprises an illumination system operable to provide measurement radiation comprising a plurality of wavelengths; and a hyperspectral imager operable to obtain a hyperspectral representation of a measurement scene comprising the structure, or a part thereof, from scattered measurement radiation subsequent to the measurement radiation being scattered by the structure.

Abstract: A method for determining a shape of particles in a distribution with reduced measuring and analyzing complexity includes detecting the number of particles, measuring and storing a particle chord length for each particle as a measurement for particle size and measuring at least first and second distributions of the particle size from the particle chord length measured for each particle. The first distribution is based on a first quantity type, the second distribution is based on a second quantity type and the quantity types correspond to different powers of the particle size. A first distribution parameter, corresponding to a cumulative or density distribution, of the first distribution is set into a distribution parameter ratio with a second distribution parameter, corresponding to a cumulative or density distribution, of the second distribution. An aspect ratio is determined from the distribution parameter ratio as a value characterizing the shape of the particles.

Abstract: Implementations include methods for monitoring and reporting on actual hazardous conditions at a facility including actions of receiving data associated with a site, the site being susceptible to potentially hazardous conditions, processing the data, one or more models, and one or more prediction rules, determining that a hazardous condition is predicted to occur at the site, providing output data reflecting the hazardous condition, processing the output data to provide indicator data for providing a graphical representation of the site, the graphical representation providing a graphical depiction of the hazardous condition, and providing the indicator data to one or more user devices, the indicator data being processed by each of the one or more user devices to display the graphical representation.

Abstract: A mass spectrometry data display device in which the mass axis (m/z axis) is made into a ring shape and the intensity axis is the radial direction thereof, and peak information (in the drawing, the compound name and structural formula candidates) are arranged in a ring shape in correspondence with the peaks along the outer circumference of the mass spectrum and displayed together therewith on a screen.

Abstract: An electron microscope includes an acquisition section that acquires an electron microscope image of a specimen that includes a plurality of identical patterns, and a spectrum at each pixel of the electron microscope image, and an elemental map generation section that adds up the spectrum at each pixel of each of a plurality of areas that are included in the electron microscope image and have an identical size to generate an elemental mapping image of the specimen.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a quantitative analyzing method of a copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) film, the method including: obtaining spectra by irradiating a laser on the plurality of CIGS films having different component compositions, selecting a first spectral line and a second spectral line among the spectra of target elements to be analyzed and obtaining a correlation plot between a measured intensity of the first spectral line and a measured intensity of the second spectral line, correcting the measured intensity of the first spectral line and the measured intensity of the second spectral line using results obtained by curve fitting the correlation plot, obtaining a linear calibration curve using the corrected intensity of the first spectral line and the corrected intensity of the second spectral line; and comparing the linear calibration curve with LIBS analysis of a target sample to be analyzed.

Abstract: Methods for determining the identity of a substance are provided. A classification parameter set is defined to allow identification of substances that previously could not be identified or to allow identification of substances with a higher degree of confidence. The classification parameter set may include at least one of relative nuclear susceptibility (RNS) or an x-ray linear attenuation coefficient (LAC). RNS represents the density of hydrogen nuclei present in a substance relative to the density of hydrogen nuclei present in water. The extended classification parameter set may include T1, T2, and/or T1? as well as at least one additional classification parameter comprising one of RNS or LAC. Values obtained for additional classification parameters as well as values obtained for T1, T2, and T1? can be compared to known classification parameter values to determine whether a particular substance is a known material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for identifying a material of an object having: a source of X photons and a spectrometric detector, the source irradiating the object with an incident beam and the detector measuring a magnitude of a backscattered beam from the incident beam after diffusion in a volume of the material and an energy of the X photons of the backscattered beam, the incident and backscattered beams forming an angle of diffusion (?); a configuration for adjusting the position between the source, the detector and the object in order for the volume to be at different depths with a constant angle, a means for processing the two magnitudes in two positions and the energy in on position and for calculating an attenuation factor (?materiau (E0, E1, ?)), a configuration for estimating the density (p) of the material.

Abstract: Method and system is described for hydrocarbon exploration and development. The method and system include one or more remote devices, such as buoys, which are utilized to identify and collect samples of target materials. The buoys include measurement components, sampling components and storage components to manage the obtained samples.

Abstract: The simulation method is for predicting a damage amount due to ultraviolet rays in manufacturing a semiconductor device.

Abstract: A time of flight (TOF) spectrometer and a method for operating the same is disclosed. The spectrometer includes an event extractor, a streaming processor, and a FIFO buffer. The event extractor generates a ion event record corresponding to each detected ion, the ion event record including an intensity of a plurality of aliases for that detected ion. The streaming processor includes a memory array that stores a TOF spectrum and a probability processor that provides a probability for each alias in each received ion event record and updates the TOF spectrum based on the probabilities. A FIFO buffer receives each of the ion event records after the TOF spectrum has been updated and outputs the oldest ion event record to the streaming processor when a new ion event record is processed by the streaming processor.

Abstract: A method for wavelength-selective and high spatial resolving fluorescence microscopy. In a specimen fluorescence emitters are repeatedly excited and specimen frames are produced with a microscope. The fluorescence emitters are excited to emit fluorescence radiation such that at least a sub-set is isolated in each frame and the positions of the isolated fluorescence emitters are localized with a localization precision exceeding the optical resolution and a high-resolution complete image is produced.

Abstract: To provide an X-ray imaging apparatus capable of easily adjusting the sensitivity or capable of easily extracting the amount of refraction of X-rays. An X-ray imaging apparatus irradiating an object to be measured with an X-ray beam from an X-ray source that generates X-rays of a first energy and X-rays of a second energy different from the first energy to measure an image of the object to be measured includes an attenuator and a detector. The attenuator attenuates the X-ray beam transmitted through the object to be measured and is configured so as to vary the amount of attenuation of the X-rays depending on a position on which the X-ray beam is incident. The detector detects the X-ray beam transmitted through the attenuator and is configured so as to detect the X-rays of the first energy and the second energy.

Abstract: A method that includes obtaining, using a processor, reflectance data from a target coating and calculating, using the processor, virtual color response data using one of at least one Kepler's laws of planetary motion equation and at least one derivation of at least one Kepler's laws of planetary motion equation. The method also includes generating, using the processor, a coating formulation that is the same or substantially similar in appearance to the target coating.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging apparatus acquiring a differential phase contrast image of a test object without using a light-shielding mask for X-ray. The apparatus includes an X-ray source, a splitting element configured to spatially divide an X-ray emitted from an X-ray source and a scintillator configured to emit light when a divided X-ray beam divided at the splitting element is incident on the scintillator. The apparatus also includes a light-transmission limiting unit configured to limit transmitting amount of the light emitted from the scintillator and a plurality of light detectors each configured to detect the amount of light that has transmitted through the light-transmission limiting unit. The light-transmission limiting unit is configured such that a light intensity detected at each of the light detectors changes in response to a change in an incident position of the X-ray beam.

Abstract: A system for identifying or distinguishing materials, comprising at least one local apparatus and a central station. Each local apparatus comprises at least one measuring device for recording at least one actual signature for materials each and at least one local computer communicatively connected to the at least one measuring device, the at least one local computer having a local database for storing and/or processing the actual signature. The at least one central station comprises a server having a central database for storing and/or processing the actual signatures of the local apparatus. Furthermore, the system comprises a network, which communicatively connects the local computers of the local units via the server of the center. The invention further relates to a corresponding method for operating a system, to an analysis method for identifying or distinguishing the materials, and to a measuring device for recording material properties of the materials.

Abstract: The concept underlying the invention is the development of a generic method for the detection and identification of gases in airplane interior spaces and an associated device, which is small and manageable, has a simple design, and allows the immediate and simultaneous detection and identification of the gases to be examined. This is achieved in that the supply air of the airplane interior space (20) is fed to a measuring device (1) and the measurement results of the measuring device (1) are analyzed by means of mathematical methods. Such methods and the associated devices for the detection and identification of gases in airplane interior spaces are used in order to spot and verify gases, particularly odors and explosive gases and/or gases harmful to people's health.

Abstract: A method of analysis of a heterogeneous product, for example heparin or heparin derivatives, to define whether said heterogeneous product is consistent with a library of verified heterogeneous samples (Library 1) by analysing the variation, natural or alien. The acceptable variation of the heterogeneous product is determined by comparing Library 1 with a second set of verified spectra (Library 2), by use of comparative two-dimensional correlation spectroscopic filtering (comparative 2D-COS-f). The method comprises obtaining a one-dimensional complex spectrum, for example 1H-NMR spectra, of a heterogeneous product and testing if it has features that are greater than features found testing a spectrum from Library 2 against Library 1. In a second embodiment comparative 2D-COS-f with iterative random sampling (2D-COS-firs) is applied, which provides a more accurate and stable extraction of aliens/unnatural features.

Abstract: The present invention provides, inter alia, methods of characterizing a small molecule organic material, e.g., a drug or a drug product. This method includes subjecting the solid small molecule organic material to x-ray total scattering analysis at a short wavelength, collecting data generated thereby, and mathematically transforming the data to provide a refined set of data.

Abstract: The mass analyzing apparatus of the present invention can achieve the speed-up and simplification of the formation of a calibration curve for quantifying an analysis object in a mass analyzing apparatus.

Abstract: A system and method for measuring elemental concentrations of a material from a sample containing several elements by LIES analysis is provided. The material is heated to generate plasma and its chemical composition is determined from spectral analysis of its radiation. The spectral lines of interest are identified among those emitted by constituents of each element composing sample, and their intensities are measured. The chemical composition of the plasma is calculated. The absorption coefficient according to wavelength is calculated for the spectral zones of the lines of interest. The spectral radiance of the plasma is calculated for the same spectral zones and then a comparison of the intensity and shape of the spectrum thus calculated with those of the spectrum measured is performed. These calculations and this comparison are repeated iteratively in order to adjust the temperature, electron density, relative values of the elemental concentrations and width of the plasma.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer is disclosed wherein an ion signal is split into a first and second signal. The first and second signals are multiplied by different gains and are digitized. Arrival time and intensity pairs are calculated for both digitized signals and the resulting time and intensity pairs are combined to form a high dynamic range spectrum. The spectrum is then combined with other corresponding spectra to form a summed spectrum.

Abstract: A method of characterising a sample from spectrometric data using calculation of spectral distance values is disclosed, for use in the field of mass spectrometry. Molecular formula assignment of peaks in mass spectral data is difficult and time-consuming, and the invention provides a computer implemented method of finding a most likely elemental composition of a measured spectral peak of interest. The method analyses isotopic peaks in a portion of the spectrum, using both their mass positions and intensities, to determine a spectral distance between those peaks and isotopic peaks of a candidate composition, finding peaks that match (140). A pattern spectral distance is determined (150) to provide a measure of the correspondence between a set of those peaks in the measured spectrum and peaks of each of a number of candidate compositions. The spectral fit is used to determine a most likely candidate composition.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of spectral searching that employ wavelet coefficients as the basis for the searching. The disclosed apparatus and methods employ a wavelet lifting scheme to transform spectroscopic data corresponding to an unknown pure material/mixture to a vector of wavelet coefficients, compare the wavelet coefficient vector for the unknown pure material/mixture with a library of wavelet coefficient vectors for known pure materials/mixtures, and identify the closest match to the unknown pure material/mixture based on the comparison of wavelet coefficient vectors.

Abstract: A method and system to identify an unknown metal alloy based on its chemical composition is provided in the present application. The chemical elements contained in the alloy are separated into key elements and trap elements. Then a similarity factor between a relative amount of each key element and a threshold value of said key elements is determined and a correlation factor is formed based on the similarity factors.