Abstract: A device for determining an assay result may include a test strip, a light source system, a light detection system, and a processor.

Abstract: There is provided a method of automatically identifying and characterizing spectral peaks of a spectrum generated by an analytical apparatus and reporting information relating to the spectral peaks to a user, comprising the steps of: receiving the spectrum generated by the analytical apparatus; automatically subtracting a baseline from the spectrum so as to generate a baseline-corrected spectrum; automatically detecting and characterizing the spectral peaks in the baseline-corrected spectrum; and reporting at least one item of information relating to each detected and characterized spectral peak to a user. In embodiments, baseline model curve parameters or peak model curve parameters are neither input by nor exposed to the user prior to the reporting step.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method of determining the similarity between a first multivariate data set and a second multivariate data set. The method may be applied to rapidly assess the similarity between fluorescence spectroscopy multivariate data sets in quality control analysis. The method includes representing the data of a first and a second multivariate data set in matrix form to yield a multivariate data matrix and calculating the magnitude of an additive and subtractive combination of each multivariate data matrix. The concept of a penalty parameter is introduced to set a detectable limit of variance between the first multivariate data set and the second multivariate data set and the penalty parameter is used in combination with the magnitude of an additive and subtractive combination of each multivariate data matrix to determine a similarity value.

Abstract: An olfaction processor (OLP) (100) that generates RAW data (35) including content data (139d) relating to chemical substances is provided. The OLP (100) includes a generator (130) that generates the RAW data (35). The chemical substances include at least one of compounds, molecules, and elements. The generator (130) includes a conversion unit (131) that converts intensity variations, which show detected chemical substances included in data from at least one sensor that detects an amount that changes due to presence of at least one of the chemical substances, to the content data (139d) by mapping onto a frequency space where a plurality of frequencies have been respectively assigned to a plurality of specified chemical substances.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing time of flight mass spectrometry wherein the number of sums of transients taken for generating a given spectra is determined as a function of a characteristic of the incoming data for that spectrum. For instance, the number of transient measurements taken for a given spectrum output can be determined as a function of the abundance of ions in the sample or the abundance of ions corresponding to a base peak or another selected peak. In yet another embodiment, the collection of transients is terminated when a threshold signal to noise ratio is attained.

Abstract: A method of analyzing spectroscopic data, the method comprising collecting spatially resolved measurement spectroscopic data of a sample for a series of measurements spots, assigning the measurement spots into a predefined set of spectral categories, based on characteristics of the spectroscopic data of the respective measurement spots, identifying groupings of the measurement spots based on their respective spectral categories and their spatial relationships, and assigning each grouping of measurement spots to a fundamental sample unit data object.

Abstract: Techniques and systems for displaying chromatographic data using a graphical user interface are provided. Chromatographic separation data that represent a series of measurements for multiple samples detected at a single point along the length of a channel as they move through the channel past that point can be displayed on a display device of a computer system as a series of bands, the bands being arranged to resemble output from an electrophoresis gel. The bands may be aligned using a marker included in each sample.

Abstract: A sample analyzer optically measures reaction of a sample mixed with reagent, and obtains optical information therefrom; generates a reaction curve representing change in the optical information over time; determines a first area prior to an evaluation target time (t0) and a second area after the evaluation target time (t0) wherein the first and second areas are formed between a baseline which is parallel to the time axis and a reaction curve from a first time (t1) prior to the optional evaluation target time (t0) to a second time (t2) after the evaluation target time, and determines the reaction end point based on the first and second areas; and obtains a characteristic of a sample based on the determined reaction end point, is disclosed. a sample analyzing method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A sample processing system that may be automated and methods are disclosed where samples are arranged on a carrier element and a process operation control system automatically processes the samples perhaps robotically with an operationally-influential exteriorly-consequential information monitor or a data capture element. Significant process details as well as operationally-influential exteriorly-consequential information may be monitored and an automatic notice element may cause notification of a person at some display that may be remote. Various people may be notified, such as an administrator, a supplier, or a manufacturer of an opportunity for some action such as reagent reordering or the like. A simulated motion display may be included to “watch” simulated operation in real time or long after completion of the actual processing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for evaluating an ultraviolet radiation protection effect in a measurement sample is used for evaluating SPF (Sun Protection Factor). First, a temporal change of the spectral transmission spectrum in the measurement sample within a predetermined light wavelength range at predetermined wavelength intervals is measured. Second, a correlation between a light irradiating time and minimal erythema doses by predetermined lime intervals based on the temporal change of the spectral transmission spectrum is set. Third a predicted in vitro SPF in the measurement sample using a time until an accumulated minimal erythema dose that is obtained as a time integration of the minimal erythema doses based on the correlation obtained in the second step reaches 1 MED (Minimum Erythema Dose) is calculated.

Abstract: A chromatographic analyzer is provided for facilitating curve fitting by means of the linear least-square method for a chromatogram that contains a plurality of overlapping peaks. The present invention is characterized by a chromatographic data processor for executing data processing of a chromatogram obtained by separating a sample to be measured using a column and detecting the separated sample, wherein fitting processing is executed to each peak in an arbitrary time region having the plurality of peaks of the chromatogram starting from the front side of the time region or from the back side of the time region, and the processed peaks are subtracted from the chromatogram in the time region so that the plurality of peaks in the chromatogram can be separated from one another. Thus, the plurality of overlapping peaks, particularly three or more overlapping peaks in the chromatogram can be easily separated from one another only by defining some setting conditions.

Abstract: At each of measurement sites, changes in plural biological data (such as an oxy-Hb signal species and a deoxy-Hb signal species) in a predetermined period are statistically tested independently of each other. By combining results of the plural biological data, the measurement sites are each classified into one out of plural categories. The classified results are each displayed in a single chart. Effective is also a method of setting different activity periods correspondingly to plural Hb signal species, deciding whether or not each of the signal species shows activity or estimating the strength of the signal species, and displaying classification results based on combination of activities of the plural Hb signal species in a single chart. A living body light measuring device using the brain activity analyzing method and displaying method of the invention makes it possible to detect sites where brain activity is generated with a high precision.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for the determination of the concentration distribution and size distribution of lipoprotein classes in body fluids, e.g. blood. For this purpose, NMR spectra of a sample to be analysed are measured by magnetic field gradient intensities and temperatures under different diffusion-weighted measuring conditions selected according to different pulse programs (e.g. PFG-STE, PFG-LED etc) and consequently in a differentiated manner according to the relaxation times. The different effects of these measuring conditions on the intensity/line form of the NMR signals of the individual lipoprotein classes are determined and permit the determination of a concentration distribution/size distribution of the individual lipoprotein classes.

Abstract: Described are a system and method for identifying a material. A spectrum is received. A barcode is generated from a sign of a second derivative of the spectrum. Multivariate data analysis tools and techniques are applied based on the barcode. The material is identified from results of the multivariate data analysis based on the barcode.

Abstract: A process system adapted for processing of or with a material therein. The process system includes: a sampling region for the material; an infrared photometric monitor constructed and arranged to transmit infrared radiation through the sampling region and to responsively generate an output signal correlative of the material in the sampling region, based on its interaction with the infrared radiation; and process control means arranged to receive the output of the infrared photometric monitor and to responsively control one or more process conditions in and/or affecting the process system.

Abstract: Techniques for displaying chromatographic data using a graphical user interface are provided. Chromatographic separation data that represent a series of measurements for multiple samples at a detection location over time can be displayed on a display device as a series of bands, the bands being arranged to resemble output from an electrophoresis gel. Additionally, the chromatographic separation data may be displayed in the form of measured intensity at the detection location versus time.

Abstract: The method and system for identifying a biological sample generates a data set indicative of the composition of the biological sample. In a particular example, the data set is DNA spectrometry data received from a mass spectrometer. The data set is denoised, and a baseline is deleted. Since possible compositions of the biological sample may be known, expected peak areas may be determined. Using the expected peak areas, a residual baseline is generated to further correct the data set. Probable peaks are then identifiable in the corrected data set, which are used to identify the composition of the biological sample. In a disclosed example, statistical methods are employed to determine the probability that a probable peak is an actual peak, not an actual peak, or that the data are too inconclusive to call.

Abstract: Methods are provided for analyzing characteristics of fluids in the context of an acoustic ejection system. Such a system has a controller, an acoustic radiation generator, and a coupling medium coupling the radiation to a reservoir holding fluid. The methods can use acoustic radiation to both perturb a surface of the fluid in the reservoir and analyze the effect of the perturbation. The methods may use information about prior fluids. The methods of the invention can determine physical characteristics such as speed of sound and viscosity. The methods also include ways to determine a level of acoustic energy suitable to eject a droplet. Preferably the methods are executed automatically under control of programming of a controller of an acoustic ejection system.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a sensing instrument capable to detect a substance existing in a very small quantity, such as environmental pollutants, instantly with a high degree of precision. As a specific means for solving the problem, a frequency signal from a crystal oscillator is sampled using a frequency signal from a reference clock generating part, the sampling value is outputted in a digital signal, quadrature detection is conducted with the digital signal for a frequency signal corresponding to the output signal, the rotational vector rotating at a frequency corresponding to the difference between the frequency of the frequency signal and the frequency of a sinusoidal wave used for the quadrature detection is taken out, and the variation of the frequency is detected by detecting the velocity of the rotational vector based on the respective sampling values.

Abstract: Illustrative embodiments comprise systems, user interfaces, machine-readable media, and/or methods for automatically acquiring data representing a plurality of different types of medical parameters of a patient, processing the data for presentation to a user via a display device, and initiating display of one or more different image windows, which present processed data representing and corresponding to the plurality of different types of medical parameters of the patient on the display device. Each of the plurality of different image windows is referenced to a single variable scale timeline and is arranged on the display device to permit the user to view values for each of the plurality of different types of medical parameters corresponding to a substantially common time from the single variable scale timeline. A plurality of user interface elements are implemented using object oriented executable code.

Abstract: A zeta potential measurement system comprising: a cell having a cell wall and bottom for holding suspended particles; an optical measurement probe having a probe tip comprising a transparent and conducting thin film coating which prevents ionic current from accumulating charge on the probe tip, and wherein the optical measurement probe is inserted through the cell wall such that the probe tip is in fluid communication with the sample; a counter electrode inserted through the cell wall opposite to the optical measurement probe; a laser source which is disposed so as to deliver light to the optical measurement probe via an optical directional coupler and optical waveguide; wherein the optical measurement probe focuses the light onto a front surface of the probe tip, such that the light reflected from the front surface of the optical measurement probe and light backscattered from particles in the sample are collected by the probe tip, and thereafter focused to a optical waveguide and delivered through the couple

Abstract: A living body light measuring device including plural light-radiating devices for radiating light to a head of a subject, plural light-receiving devices for detecting light which is transmitted through the head of the subject after radiation from the light-radiating devices, a calculator for calculating a change of concentration of oxidized and deoxidized hemoglobin in the head of the subject at a measurement point using a pair of each of the plural light-radiating devices and corresponding ones of the light-receiving devices. The calculator decides whether the oxidized hemoglobin concentration change and the deoxidized hemoglobin concentration change are statistically significant at each of the measurement points, and the display displays the decisions regarding the individual measurement points.

Abstract: Methods for evaluating a pixel signal produced during scanning of a chemical array are provided. In general, the methods involve producing at least two analog signals for a pixel using a multi-gain signal detection system, integrating at least one of these signals, and outputting data representing the pixel. Also provided are systems and computer program products for performing the subject methods, and an array scanner containing these systems and program products.

Abstract: A method and system for monitoring a gas turbine engine (20) to predict maintenance requirements. Particles suspended in a gas flow (24, 32) of the engine (20) are monitored and quantified to predict a particle accumulation rate. Monitoring may be done using particle flow sensors (61-63) in a diverted portion (33) of the working gas flow (24), such as in the cooling gas flow (32). Particle sampling (S1-S3) may be done to determine particle size and composition distributions. Particle mass flow rates may then be continuously monitored per engine operating condition, and compared to predetermined values such as a normal upper limit per engine operating condition. An integrated particle mass flow may be used in conjunction with an instantaneous mass flow rate to predict a maintenance requirement. Multiple locations (L1-L3) may be monitored to recognize a maintenance requirement by flow section or component.

Abstract: An apparatus for analysing a fluorescent sample disposed on a substrate comprises a first processor for producing first and second electrical signals derived from respective first and second light signal components received from a sample and from a substrate. The apparatus produces the first and second electrical signals such that there is a phase difference between phases of the first and second electrical signals. The apparatus comprises a control circuit for producing an attenuation signal for attenuating the second electrical signal.

Abstract: Methods for processing spectra are disclosed. The method includes obtaining a plurality of spectra, each spectrum in the plurality of spectra comprising a signal including a signal strength as a function of time-of-flight, mass-to-charge ratio, or a value derived from time-of-flight or mass-to-charge ratio. Then, a signal cluster is formed by clustering signals from the plurality of spectra with time-of-flights, mass-to-charge ratios, or values derived from time-of-flights or mass-to-charge ratios that are within a window that is defined using an expected signal width value.

Abstract: Generally, the present invention applies a transformation to convert a probability distribution of gene expression signals in control samples to a uniform distribution. The uniform distribution allows better comparisons between expression levels for genes. The transformation is derived from gene expression signals of control data, and is applied to gene expression signals of phenotype data. The phenotype data can be represented in a matrix format. A number of gene expression patterns may be determined (in the form of submatrices) that will characterize the phenotype. The uniform distribution helps in this regard, as it allows better comparisons of patterns. The gene expression patterns can then be used to classify samples as belonging to the phenotype set. Preferably, a discriminant function is used to compare a sample with the gene expression patterns that characterize the phenotype. The discriminant function can determine a score that can be used to determine whether the sample belongs to the phenotype.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for radiometrically investigating a plurality of samples, with: a radiation device providing a plurality of radiation elements, a radiation element comprising at least one emitter element, wherein the radiation device preferably provides at least two emitter elements which provide radiation with different radiation spectra, wherein at least two of said emitter elements are adapted to emit radiation during time periods which at least partially overlap, and a control device, controlling said radiation elements, a sample holder member providing a plurality of sample positions for supporting a plurality of samples, wherein device and the sample holder member are preferably at least a part of the radiation adapted to be moved against each other during the investigation procedure and wherein at least one radiation element is adapted to irradiate a sample with radiation via a first optical path which causes the sample to emit sample radiation with at least one sample radiation f

Abstract: Route planning methods for use by a package delivery service provider are disclosed that satisfy a stochastic daily demand while taking advantage of drivers' route familiarity over time. A model for estimating the value of driver familiarity is disclosed along with both an empirical and a mathematical model for estimating the value of route consistency, along with a Core Area Route Design which involves the concepts of combinatorial optimization, meta-heuristic algorithms, tabu search heuristics, network formulation modeling, and multi-stage graph modeling. In one embodiment, a service territory is divided into unassigned cells associated with a grid segment involving prior driver delivery stops, and a driver from a pool of unassigned drivers is assigned to a route based on examining each driver's grid segment visiting frequency limit with respect to a minimum limit so as to optimize driver selection based on of each driver's familiarity with the route.

Abstract: A urea concentration identification device comprising a concentration identification sensor unit (2) and a support unit (4) attached at the bottom end thereof with this sensor unit and provided at the top end thereof with a mounting unit (4a) to a urea solution tank opening. The concentration identification sensor unit (2) has an indirectly-heated concentration detector and liquid temperature detector provided with metal fins (21c),(22c), respectively, for heat-exchanging with urea solution. The concentration identification sensor unit (2) is provided with a cover member (2d) that forms an opposite-ends-opened urea solution induction passage so as to surround the metal fins (21c),(22c), and an enclosure (2e) that forms communication holes (26),(27) in the top and bottom end plate thereof (2e1),(2e2).

Abstract: A system for integrating dispersed point-clouds of an object is provided. The system includes a fixture for fixing an object, a measurement machine to scan all surfaces of the object and a computer. The fixture, which has three reference balls, is 360-degree rotatable. The computer includes a point-cloud reading module, a sphere fitting module, a computing module, a matching module and an aligning module. The system utilizes three reference objects to integrate dispersed point-clouds of multiple scans of the object, restore original space location relations of the point-clouds, so as to obtain a complete space point-cloud of the object with simple operation and higher precision. A related method is also provided.

Abstract: A data acquisition system and method are described that may be used with various spectrometers. The data acquisition system may include an ion detector, an initial processing module, and a spectra processing module. The initial processing module is provided for receiving, sampling, and processing ion detection signals received from the ion detector, and for supplying processed signals to the spectra processing module. The initial processing module includes a horizontal accumulation circuit that combines a fractional number of adjacent samples of the ion detection signals into bins. The number of adjacent samples to combine into bins may vary as a function of: (1) the time of arrival at the ion detector corresponding to that sample; (2) the mass corresponding to that sample; (3) the resolution corresponding to that sample; and/or (4) an operational mode of the spectrometer. The spectra processing module receives the processed signals and generates spectra.

Abstract: Sensors and techniques for an automated data acquisition and notification system having a plurality of receptacles adapted to store items. In each of the plurality of receptacles, at least one sensor is operated to detect a presence of an item in that receptacle. Light is emitted from a planar surface within the receptacle to a space within the receptacle opposite the planar surface. While that light is emitted light incident on the planar surface is detected. A determination is made whether an amount of light that is detected is significant to indicate a presence of the item.

Abstract: Methods, systems and computer readable media for removing trends in signal intensity values from features on a chemical array. Inputted signal values from features on the array are surface fitted to calculate a surface approximation. The surface approximation is normalized and used to de-trend the signal intensity values from the features.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for automatically deriving unique surrogate response data from experiment results in which inherent data loss occurs in a sufficient number of the samples to disallow quantitative effects estimation at the experimenter's desired level of confidence for statistical significance. In part, the unique surrogate response data sets of the present invention have one or more of four primary characteristics including: each is numerically analyzable; each may be readily or directly obtained when inherent data loss occurs; each provides a response value for an experiment trial; and each provides information on the effect of a change made to the process or system that would have been obtainable if the experiment samples had had no inherent data loss.

Abstract: Methods for using modified single wall carbon nanotubes (“SWCNTs”) to detect presence and/or concentration of a gas component, such as a halogen (e.g., Cl2), hydrogen halides (e.g., HCl), a hydrocarbon (e.g., CnH2n+2), an alcohol, an aldehyde or a ketone, to which an unmodified SWCNT is substantially non-reactive. In a first embodiment, a connected network of SWCNTs is coated with a selected polymer, such as chlorosulfonated polyethylene, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polystyrene and/or polyvinylalcohol, and change in an electrical parameter or response value (e.g., conductance, current, voltage difference or resistance) of the coated versus uncoated SWCNT networks is analyzed. In a second embodiment, the network is doped with a transition element, such as Pd, Pt, Rh, Ir, Ru, Os and/or Au, and change in an electrical parameter value is again analyzed. The parameter change value depends monotonically, not necessarily linearly, upon concentration of the gas component.

Abstract: LC/MS data generated by an LC/MS system is analyzed to determine groupings of ions associated with originating molecules. Ions are grouped initially according to retention time, for example, using retention time or chromatographic peaks in mass chromatograms. After initial groupings are determined based on retention time, ion peak shapes are compared to determine whether ions should be excluded. Ions having peak shapes not matching other ions, or alternatively a reference peak shape, are excluded from the group.

Abstract: The chemical distance between fingerprints of fluid samples from a reservoir can be determined using statistical analyses. Upon performing chromatographic analyses on fluid samples from the reservoir, certain peak height values from the chromatograms are selected, and various peak height ratios are formed using the selected peak height values. An experimental distribution of the differences between the peak height ratios is produced using two chromatograms from one of the fluid samples and a theoretical distribution of the differences of the peak height ratios are produced assuming the two chromatograms are from the one of the fluid samples. An uncertainty model of the peak height values is optimized and the parameters of the optimized uncertainty model are used to modify the theoretical distribution. The interquartile ranges of the experimental distribution and the modified theoretical distribution are determined and the chemical distance between the samples is determined using the interquartile ranges.

Abstract: Methods, computer program products and apparatus determine a subject's risk of having or developing CHD using a calculated LDL particle risk number and/or a mathematical model of risk associated with LDL particles that adjusts concentrations of at least one of small and large LDL particle measurements to reflect predicted CHD risk.

Abstract: A method of calibrating glucose monitor data includes collecting the glucose monitor data over a period of time at predetermined intervals, obtaining reference glucose values from a reference source that temporally correspond with the glucose monitor data obtained at the predetermined intervals, calculating the calibration characteristics using the reference glucose values and corresponding glucose monitor data to regress the obtained glucose monitor data, and calibrating the obtained glucose monitor data using the calibration characteristics. In additional embodiments, calculation of the calibration characteristics includes linear regression and, in particular embodiments, least squares linear regression. Alternatively, calculation of the calibration characteristics includes non-linear regression. Data integrity may be verified and the data may be filtered.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for identifying the impacts of interfering effects on experimental data. In particular, a method is described for identifying the impacts of unwanted auto-fluorescence, fluorescence quenching, and deterioration of a fluorescent sample under study on the collected experimental data. The data are analyzed whether or not said data fulfill certain criteria with respect to a threshold which is indicative for said interfering effect.

Abstract: The present invention relates to automated generation of multi-dimensional structure activity and structure property relationships.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for calibrating emission data or other information signals collected during a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), amplification reaction, assay, process, or other reaction. Calibration of multiple detectable materials can be achieved during a single cycle or run, or during a plurality of runs of the reaction. A reading from every well, container, or other support region of a sample support does not have to be taken. Interpolation can be used to determine values for emission data or other information signals that were not taken, or are unknown, using detected emission data, or other detected information signals. By calibrating the detected emission data and the interpolated data, a more accurate reading of emission data or information signal can be obtained.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electronic nose device based on chemically sensitive field effect transistors. In particular, the sensors of the electronic nose device are composed of non-oxidized, functionalized silicon nanowires which can detect volatile organic compounds with very high sensitivity. Methods of use in diagnosing diseases including various types of cancer are disclosed.

Abstract: Techniques for displaying chromatographic data using a graphical user interface are provided. Chromatographic separation data that represent a series of measurements for multiple samples at a detection location over time can be displayed on a display device as a series of bands, the bands being arranged to resemble output from an electrophoresis gel. Additionally, the chromatographic separation data may be displayed in the form of measured intensity at the detection location versus time.

Abstract: Electronic nose device having a plurality of sensors composed of nanowires of columnar discotic liquid crystals, the device having low sensitivity to humidity. The device is designed to determine the composition and concentration of volatile organic compounds in a sample with very high sensitivity. Methods for use of the device in applications such as diagnosis of disease and food quality control are disclosed.

Abstract: A model of a particular biological state can be developed. The model may be used to determine if an unknown biological sample exhibits a particular biological state. This can be done by receiving either a biological sample or data associated with the biological sample. After the data is received, the data may be input into the model. In one embodiment, the acquisition of the data associated with the biological sample is performed at a first location and the imputing of the data into the model is performed at a second location different than the first location. Unless the data maps identically to the model, the data would have an inherent effect on the position of the particular clusters within the discriminatory pattern, if it is allowed to affect the model. The modeling software can keep track of the net effect on the model that each sample received has on the position of the model. If the model has drifted outside of a predetermined tolerance, the model can be updated.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for broad spectrum chemical detection. The method includes determining a similarity sequencing scheme. The method includes receiving an ambient air sample and concentrating the ambient air sample. The method further includes providing the concentrated sample to a gas chromatography (GC) column, and detecting chemical elution from the GC column in a series of similarity sequenced samples based on the similarity sequencing scheme. The method includes de-convoluting the elution data to derive arrival peaks, and determining a concentration of a chemical in the ambient air based on the series of constant log-time data samples. In one embodiment, the method utilizes a modified Z-transform to de-convolute the elution data.

Abstract: The detection system of the first preferred embodiment includes a detector, having a wide dynamic range, that receives photonic inputs from the interrogation zone and produces an analog signal; and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), having a high bit resolution, that is coupled to the detector and converts an analog signal to a digital signal. The digital signal includes an initial data set of the full dynamic range of the input signals from the flow cytometer sample. The method of extracting and analyzing data from a flow cytometer system of the first preferred embodiment preferably includes the steps of: collecting a full dynamic range of input signals from a flow cytometer sample; recognizing and annotating aggregate particle events; and storing an initial data set and an annotated data set of the full dynamic range of the input signals from the flow cytometer sample.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for resolving convoluted peaks in a chromatogram into one or more constituent peaks using peak resolution values. The peaks methods of the invention determine empirical peak resolution values of “well-defined” or “isolated” peaks in the data, then extrapolate these empirical resolution values to peaks in neighboring regions to predict the number of constituent peaks at a given peak position. Predicted peak resolution values are compared to observed peak resolution values of low-resolution or convoluted peaks to determine the number of constituent peaks in the convoluted peaks. These methods enable extension of the region of data that can used for identifying nucleotide sequences, and increase base-calling accuracy in the low-resolution region (end region) of data.