Abstract: A system for monitoring a model in a wind tunnel is provided. The system includes a plurality of sensors attached to a model in a wind tunnel. Each sensor of the plurality of sensors is configured to measure an attribute of the model. The system also includes a computing device in communication with the plurality of sensors. The computing device is programmed to receive a plurality of signals from the plurality of sensors, store a first threshold and a second threshold based on normalized alarm limits associated with at least one of the plurality of sensors, analyze the plurality of signals based, at least in part, on the first threshold and the second threshold, determine that a potentially negative condition is occurring based on the analysis, and alert a user to the potentially negative condition.

Abstract: A system and method for receiving a plurality of first inputs from a transducer, where the plurality of first inputs correspond to vibrations of a rotational machine, and filtering the plurality of first inputs to derive a frequency of interest. The system and method then generates a sinusoidal signal at the frequency of interest and a pulse train of one or multiple pulses per revolution at the frequency of interest from the sinusoidal signal. The system and method further identifies a first pulse at a zero crossing within the pulse train and counts zero crossings to define blocks of data for use in time synchronous averaging calculations.

Abstract: A multi-engine power system is described that includes at least a first engine and a second engine configured to jointly provided mechanical power to the multi-engine power system. The multi-engine power system further includes a controller configured to estimate a deterioration factor of the first engine. The controller is further configured to adjust, based on the deterioration factor of the first engine, a first amount of mechanical power being provided by the first engine to increase a service time of the first engine, and adjust, based on the first amount of mechanical power being provided by the first engine, a second amount of mechanical power being provided by the second engine to compensate for the adjustment to the first amount of mechanical power.

Abstract: A client computing system (CCS) receives a download including (i) an image representative of at least one circuit in a vehicle, the at least one circuit including a first circuit configured for carrying a first signal within the vehicle, and (ii) symbol data associated with at least one symbol, the at least one symbol including a first symbol. After receiving the download, the CCS displays the image and the at least one symbol. The CCS then receives a first input corresponding to selection of the first symbol. The CCS then responsively receives, from the vehicle, data representing value(s) of the first signal. The CCS then determines a first display-location at which to display the data representing the value(s) of the first signal. While the image and the at least one symbol are displayed, the CCS then displays, at the first display-location, the data representing the value(s) of the first signal.

Abstract: A method for controlling a gas turbine engine having a constrained model based control (CMBC) system. The method including obtaining information about a current and previous states of the engine, updating model data information in the CMBC and a parameter estimation system based on the obtained information, and identifying trends in the data based on the information. The method also includes diagnosing the engine, based on the identified trends, determining at least one of a new constraint, objective, initial condition, model characteristic, prediction horizon, and control horizon for the control system based on the diagnosing step if the diagnosing step identified a fault condition, and adapting the CMBC system based on the at least one new constraint, objective, initial condition, model characteristic, prediction and control horizon. The method further includes generating at least on control command based on the adapting and commanding an actuator based on the control command.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for detecting structural damage in a component. An ultrasonic guided wave (UGW) device scans the component along a monitoring path to generate a monitoring UGW measurement and along a reference path to generate a reference UGW measurement. A database has a plurality of database reference UGW measurements each corresponding to a database monitoring UGW measurement. A damage detection module searches the database for the database reference UGW measurement that matches the reference UGW measurement. When a match is found, the damage detection module obtains the database monitoring UGW measurement corresponding to the matched database reference UGW measurement, compares the monitoring UGW measurement with the database monitoring UGW measurement, and identifies damage to the component based on the comparison. When the match is not found, the damage detection module updates the database with the reference UGW measurement and the monitoring UGW measurement.

Abstract: In a drum housing for a working drum of a construction machine or mining machine, said working drum being provided with tools and rotating about a drum axis, with a housing shell which at least partially encloses the circumference of the working drum, and with at least one inspection opening for a monitoring device arranged in the housing shell, wherein said monitoring device inspects the condition of the working drum or the tools thereof, it is provided for the following features to be achieved: a closing mechanism is arranged on the outside of the housing shell, said closing mechanism enabling closure of the at least one inspection opening.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses for improving future reliability prediction of a measurable system by receiving operational and performance data, such as maintenance expense data, first principle data, and asset reliability data via an input interface associated with the measurable system. A plurality of category values may be generated that categorizes the maintenance expense data by a designated interval using a maintenance standard that is generated from one or more comparative analysis models associated with the measureable system. The estimated future reliability of the measurable system is determined based on the asset reliability data and the plurality of category values and the results of the future reliability are displayed on an output interface.

Abstract: Techniques for detailed monitoring and evaluation of individual subsystems within solar photovoltaic power generation systems are provided. In one aspect, a method for monitoring a photovoltaic system having at least one array of photovoltaic panels and at least one inverter system configured to convert output from the panels from DC to AC includes the steps of: obtaining sensor data from the photovoltaic system; computing an efficiency of the panels and an efficiency of the inverter system using the sensor data; computing an aging parameter for the panels using the efficiency of the panels; computing an aging parameter for the inverter system using the efficiency of the inverter system; determining whether the aging parameter for the panels or for the inverter system exceeds a predetermined threshold level; and taking action if either the aging parameter for the array or for the inverter system exceeds the predetermined threshold level.

Abstract: A control system having one or more controllers configured to determine a maintenance date of an engine based on monitored parameters of the engine of an aircraft. The one or more controllers also are configured to, determine an amount of coating sprayed on the engine on the determined maintenance date based on the monitored parameters and determined maintenance date. The one or more controllers also are configured to adjust the maintenance date based on needs of an aircraft fleet and regularly scheduled maintenance of the engine.

Abstract: An A/D converter converts an output from a temperature sensor into a digital signal. A service life diagnostic unit diagnoses a service life of a power module based on a signal indicating a temperature outputted from the A/D converter. An output unit generates a signal representing a diagnostic result and outputs the generated signal from an output terminal to outside.

Abstract: Disclosed subject matter relates to data analytics including a method and system for generating a contextual summary of one or more charts. A summary generating system extracts chart data associated with each chart received from one or more sources and determines context of the chart data. The summary generating system computes statistical data of each chart by analyzing chart data based on predefined rules corresponding to the context. The form of analysis to be performed depends on the context of the chart data. Furthermore, insights of each chart are generated by mapping the statistical data with predefined narratives corresponding to the context. Finally, the summary generating system, automatically generates the contextual summary of the charts corresponding to the context of the chart data in a predefined template format using the generated insights of each of the one or more charts. The contextual summary provides holistic information of the interpreted charts.

Abstract: A disposition manager configured to identify a damaged component of a damaged assembly by determining a measured first property value of a set of measured property values associated with the damaged component and obtained by a sensor is not within a range of acceptable first property values according to a specification of the damaged component. The disposition manager further configured to estimate a performance characteristic of the damaged component and a salvage value of the damaged component. The disposition manager further configured to present, to a user interface, the performance characteristic and the salvage value for the damaged component.

Abstract: A flight control system includes a pilot control module configured to receive commands from a pilot, a flight control module operable to transmit an instruction to change at least one operating condition of an aircraft, and a flight control computer in communication between the flight control module and the pilot control module. The flight control computer is configured to receive a pilot command to change a first flight characteristic, wherein changing the first flight characteristic would result in an expected change to a second flight characteristic. The flight control computer may instruct the flight control module to transmit an instruction to change a first operating condition of the aircraft and instruct the flight control module to transmit an instruction to change a second operating condition of the aircraft to at least partially offset the expected change to the second flight characteristic.

Abstract: A first set of data is received relating to the operation of a first mechanical part. A plurality of steady state conditions for the first set of operational data is determined. A load history is determined for the first mechanical part based on the plurality of determined steady states and the first set of operational data. One of a plurality of predefined life consumption calculation models is selected based on a type of the first mechanical part and a position of a critical area at the first mechanical part. A level of life consumption for the critical area of the first mechanical part is determined based on the selected life consumption calculation model and the determined load history.

Abstract: A diagnostic result display method in a diagnostic device calculates a diagnostic result by a determination of a predetermined state and a certainty factor of the determination. The diagnostic result display method includes setting preset predetermined colors to predetermined states, setting a preset area of a geometric shape according to certainty factors, and displaying the area of the geometric shape in at least one of the predetermined colors.

Abstract: An online system estimates a lift in foot traffic at a store in response to an advertisement campaign at the online system. The online system identifies a physical location for the store and obtains location data for a base group of users and a lifted group of users, where the lifted group of users receives advertisements associated with the store and the base group of users does not. The online system computes a distance between the location of the store and the user's location to create a base distance array for the base group and a lifted distance array for the lifted group. The online system then determines an aggregate value that represents a measure of a number of users visiting the store for each of the base distance array and the lifted distance array, and estimates a lift in foot traffic by comparing the two aggregate values.

Abstract: Methods and systems have been proposed to estimate the remaining lifetime of an electronic integrated circuit that incorporates error-correcting code memory by using the failed memory bits as an indicator for the remaining lifetime of the circuit. The number of failed memory bits correlates with the remaining lifetime of the circuit, but varies as a function of wearout mechanism and use conditions. The methodology incorporates algorithms and test patterns to diagnose the cause of memory cell failure. By linking the failed bits to the wearout mechanism and by using lifetime simulation, the remaining lifetime of the circuit is estimated.

Abstract: An example system may include a computing device including a finite element analysis module solving for a finite element model representing a component including a metal or an alloy and including a plurality of respective elements. The finite element analysis module may solve a respective stress St and a respective temperature Tt at each respective element during the predetermined cooling operating. The finite element analysis module may determine a respective impact energy ET based on the temperature Tt and cooling rate, using a predetermined cooling rate-dependent energy relationship that relates a temperature of the metal or the alloy to an impact energy, determine a respective weakness index Wt=[A×ET/St]n (A being a predetermined constant, n being a predetermined real number greater than or equal to 1), and identify a respective element having a minimum weakness index less than a predetermined weakness index threshold as a cracking-prone element.

Abstract: An age monitoring arrangement includes a sensor, a calculation component, and a timer. The sensor is configured to generate one or more measurements of an environmental property. The calculation component is configured to generate a virtual age and identify an occurrence of an event based on the one or more measurements and a clock using an aging module. The timer is configured to generate the clock.

Abstract: A method of detecting defects in a rolling bearing (10). The method includes acquiring a time-domain vibration signal An; filtering said time-domain vibration signal An; and then resolving it to obtain a deterministic time-domain vibration signal Fn and a random time-domain vibration signal Gn. Thereafter, the time-domain vibration signals Fn and Gn are transformed respectively into a deterministic frequency-domain vibration signal Jn and into a random frequency-domain vibration signal Kn, and then, for each element (11, 12, 13) and for each frequency-domain vibration signal Jn, Kn, a defect-presence frequency {circumflex over (?)} is determined corresponding to a maximum probability of the presence of a defect in said element (11, 12, 13) and to an associated reliability level p({circumflex over (?)}).

Abstract: An example system is configured to calculate performance statistics for a set of analysis tools; analyze a codebase using one or more analysis tools from the set of analysis tools; generate an analysis result for each analysis tool of the one or more analysis tools, the result describing one or more faults and one or more validations identified by the corresponding analysis tool; and estimate a risk of defects in the codebase based on the analysis result associated with each of the one or more analysis tools and the performance statistics associated with each of the one or more analysis tools.

Abstract: Described is a system which includes: a cable including: a first fiber optic interconnect to provide an input light; and a second fiber optic interconnect to provide an output light; and a first housing coupled to the cable, the first housing including: a first deflection circuit to deflect the input light received from the first fiber optic interconnect in response to a vibration or movement of the first housing; and a second housing coupled to the cable, the second housing including: a light source to generate the input light for transmission to the first deflection circuit via the first fiber optic interconnect; and a photo detector to receive the output light from the first deflection circuit via the second fiber optic interconnect.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for providing cost effective leak detection in a fluid network. Step testing procedures are represented by decision trees and associated expected costs are calculated. Selection of step testing procedures is optimized for low expected cost. The total expected cost rate for a network configuration may be calculated from the rate of leak occurrence and the optimal expected costs associated therewith. Network configuration changes may be recommended by optimizing for total expected cost rate for a fluid network.

Abstract: A method is used for selecting a boundary sample. The method includes acquiring a deterioration trend of a new device by performing a deterioration acceleration treatment to the new device, acquiring deterioration trends of a plurality of repaired devices which have been repaired after long-term use by performing a deterioration acceleration treatment to the plurality of repaired devices, calculating an upper limit of deterioration of the repaired device based on the deterioration trend of the new device, and selecting a boundary sample indicating a limit state in which the device can be reused as a standard of reuse of the device by specifying a repaired device having the largest deterioration among the repaired devices having a deterioration not larger than the upper limit.

Abstract: A method is implemented in a computer infrastructure having computer executable code tangibly embodied on a computer readable storage medium having programming instructions. The programming instructions are operable to receive data including defect analysis defect analysis starter (DAS)/defect reduction method (DRM) defect analysis data of a software development project and process the data. Additionally, the programming instructions are operable to determine one or more business metrics based on the data and generate at least one report based on the one or more business metrics. The one or more business metrics comprises at least one of a benefit for shifting defect removal earlier, a benefit for preventing an injection of defects, a benefit for reducing a cycle time, a benefit of reducing invalid defects and a benefit for reducing production defects.

Abstract: A first table defines the relationship between the sliding resistance index ?k of a packing gland and the ambient temperature for each type of the packing gland is provided. A second table defines control parameters corresponding to hysteresis levels for each size of the setting/operating device is provided. By repeating, at regular intervals, the acquisition of the sliding resistance index ?k at present corresponding to the ambient temperature at present and the type of a packing gland from the first table and the selection of the control parameter corresponding to the size of the setting/operating device and the hysteresis level obtained from the sliding resistance index ?k at present from the second table, the valve opening of the regulating valve is controlled using the selected control parameter.

Abstract: The present application provides a method of evaluating fatigue damage in an actuator spring of a valve used in a turbine by a data acquisition system. The method may include the steps of receiving a number of operating parameters from a number of sensors including valve spindle position over time, determining cyclic loading on the actuator spring based upon the valve spindle position over time, generating an intended design lifetime for the actuator spring, determining a fatigue damage indicator based on the cyclic loading as compared to the intended design lifetime, and altering one or more of the operating parameters and/or initiating repair procedures based upon the fatigue damage indicator.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for estimating initial stresses in and eigenstrains of a material. The system may receive measured geometric data including measurements of a material before and after the application of a manufacturing process thereto. The measurements may indicate a residual stress in a coupon after application of the manufacturing process. Estimated linear elastic strains may be calculated in respective opposing sides of the coupon based on the measured geometric data. A linear elastic reaction of the material to the manufacturing process may be calculated based at least in part on the estimated linear elastic strains. The system may then calculate an estimated initial stress in the material as a sum of the residual stress in the coupon and the linear elastic reaction of the material, and calculate an estimated eigenstrain of the material based at least in part on the estimated initial stress in the material.

Abstract: Various aspects of a method and system for management of an electronic system are disclosed herein. The method includes detection of a plurality of electronic modules configured in a discoverable mode. The plurality of electronic modules is associated with one or more electronic sub-systems of the electronic system. The method further includes reception of a first set of data from the plurality of electronic modules. The method further includes dynamic prediction of a set of actions based on the received first set of data and second set of data. The second set of data corresponds to a previously executed set of actions.

Abstract: A method of monitoring usage to determine accumulated component fatigue damage includes evaluating available data for calculating an accumulated component fatigue damage for a component over a pre-determined time frame. The method includes determining at least one available method for calculating the accumulated component fatigue damage based on the available data. The method includes determining the accumulated component fatigue damage for the component using the at least one available method.

Abstract: Shear force and pressure on a structure are simultaneously monitored using signals received from sensors with antennas on the structure. For example, sensors and systems for monitoring shear force and pressure have applications including ulcer prevention associated with structures including shoes, prosthetics, wheel-chairs, and beds of bed-bound patients.

Abstract: A system and method for damage detection and for evaluating the real operation conditions for structural platforms using structural health monitoring is integrated to a system and method that permits for the platform to provide a flexible geometric control considering a self-adapting morphing which is capable of providing better operating structural platform performance.

Abstract: A filtration membrane fouling index measuring method including: (a) serially connecting two filtration membranes having the same membrane properties, and sequentially passing influent water therethrough; (b) measuring the flow volume that has passed through the first of the filtration membranes; (c) measuring the flow volume that has passed through the second of the filtration membranes; (d) measuring the cumulative pass-through volume that has passed through the first or the second filtration membrane; and (e) determining the fouling index of the filtration membrane, based on the flow volume that has passed through the first filtration membrane, the flow volume that has passed through the second filtration membrane and the cumulative pass-through volume. The method eliminates pore-blocking-induced measurement errors that occur with measurement methods involving Modified Fouling Index which is a fouling index for filtration membranes.

Abstract: A method analyzing a machine having a rotating shaft includes generating an electric measurement signal dependent on mechanical vibrations from the shaft rotation; sampling the measurement signal to generate a digital measurement data signal; performing a decimation of the digital measurement data signal to achieve a digital signal having a reduced sampling frequency, where the decimation includes controlling the reduced sampling frequency such that the number of sample values per revolution of the shaft is kept at a substantially constant value, and receiving the digital signal at an enhancer input performing a correlation in the enhancer so as to produce an output signal sequence where repetitive signals amplitude components are amplified in relation to stochastic signal components, and performing a condition analysis for analyzing the condition of the machine dependent on the digital signal having a reduced sampling frequency.

Abstract: A system for detecting a structural change to a structure is provided, wherein an exciter is positioned at a first location of the structure to transmit an excitation signal that is based on a reference signal and to apply the excitation signal to the structure. An accelerometer is positioned at a second location of the structure to sense the excitation signal after it has propagated to the second location. The accelerometer outputs an electrical signal that represents seismic activity applied to the structure by the excitation signal. A signal processing component is synchronized with the reference signal and receives the electrical signal. The signal processing component is configured to use the reference signal to extract portions of the electrical signal that are synchronized with the reference signal, and to output phase and amplitude values of the extracted portion.

Abstract: A method for at least partially automatically controlling, in particular automatically parking a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, includes predicting the movement of the vehicle, detecting the position of a body outside the vehicle, predicting a possible spatial and/or time-related contact area between the vehicle and the body on the outer shell of the vehicle, measuring a structure-borne sound in the predicted spatial and/or time-related contact area and issuing a warning signal the control unit if a previously specified criterion is met by the measured structure-borne sound signal.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an abnormality diagnostic device includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry learns, based on a model generated from sensor data of a diagnostic object in a railroad vehicle, a data selection condition for selecting the sensor data utilized to diagnose the diagnostic object. The processing circuitry diagnoses abnormality of the diagnostic object based on the sensor data satisfying the data selection condition and a diagnostic model representing a relation between the sensor data and the abnormality of the diagnostic object.

Abstract: Structural health monitoring (“SHM”) methods, apparatus and techniques involve building deformation fields maps (amplitude and phase related to excitation) on the surface of the structural component under monitoring based on a network of strain measurements by fiber Bragg grating sensors.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to dynamically determining balance shelf life of an industrial component including analyzing a plurality of images of the industrial component to detect a plurality of defects in the industrial component, and determining an overall impact of the plurality of defects on the shelf life of the industrial component based on at least one of a type of each of the plurality of defects, an extent of each of the plurality of defects with respect to the industrial component, an attribute of the industrial component, an attribute of a working component, and an operational usage of the industrial component. The balance shelf life of the industrial component is dynamically determined based on an initial expected life of the industrial component and the overall impact of the plurality of defects on the shelf life of the industrial component.

Abstract: An indoor location measurement system and method using RF signal transmitters. A DB stores spatial information of a predetermined space and location information of a plurality of RF signal transmitters installed in the space. A communication unit receives measurement information from a user terminal that has received signal including identification information of an RF signal transmitter output from the wireless signal transmitter. The measurement information includes the identification information and signal strength information of the wireless signal. A controller corrects the signal strength information when an object is determined to be present between the user terminal and of the plurality of wireless signal transmitters in the space based on the spatial information, the location information, and the signal strength information, and measures a current location of the user terminal based on the corrected signal strength information.

Abstract: A monitoring system and method monitor one or more operational conditions of first equipment during operation of the first equipment and predict a life span of the first equipment based on the one or more operational conditions. The life span that is predicted differs from a designated life span of the first equipment that is determined prior to operation of the first equipment. The system and method can create or modify schedules for repair or replacement of other equipment to include repair or replacement of the first equipment based on the life span that is predicted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling a wind turbine. The method includes: dividing a plurality of wind turbines into at least one group based on a similarity in status information of the plurality of wind turbines; in response to having detected a fault in a first wind turbine of the plurality of wind turbines, searching a group to which the first wind turbine belongs for a second wind turbine matching status information of the first wind turbine; and controlling the first wind turbine based on parameters from the second wind turbine.

Abstract: In an example embodiment, a dynamic feature extraction tool receives a data set from a SHM system that includes a plurality of sensors affixed to a structure (e.g., a bridge, dam, building, etc.), the data set including at least one of ambient vibration data or earthquake vibration data. A solution method is selected from among, for example, time domain analysis, frequency domain decomposition or eigensystem realization analysis. The dynamic feature extraction tool guides a user to select at least one parameter value used in the selected solution method from a subset of determined-effective parameter values computed by the software tool. The dynamic feature extraction tool then automatically performs the selected solution method on the data set using the selected at least one parameter value to determine dynamic features (e.g., frequencies or modal shapes), and displays a graphical representation of the dynamic features in a UI.

Abstract: A method includes performing a comparison, at a computing device, of first probability distribution function (PDF) parameters of a first data set to second PDF parameters of a second data set. The first data set and the second data set at least partially overlap. The method also includes determining, at the computer device, based on the comparison whether a state change occurs between the first data set and the second data set. The method further includes, in response to determining that the state change occurs, generating an indication of the state change.

Abstract: A method is provided for populating a function for a control unit with data, in which method measurements are performed on a system at different measuring points on a test stand, and a global data-based model is set up based on the obtained measured values, and virtual measurements which simulate real measurements on the test stand are carried out on the global data-based model, and uncertainties for virtual measured values of the virtual measurements are determined from the global data-based model, the uncertainties of the virtual measured values being taken into account when populating the function for the control unit with data.

Abstract: The technique relates to a system and method for assessing corroded pipeline defect growth rate from partial defect growth rate information. The method involves obtaining a plurality of observed defect growth rates from the inspection data collected at different time intervals then determining at least one unobserved defect growth rate on the basis of distribution pattern of the plurality of observed defect growth rates thereafter simulating condition of at least one hyper parameter on the inspection data based on prior information of the at least one hyper parameter then simulating the plurality of observed defect growth rates and the at least one unobserved defect growth rate based on the simulated hyper parameters and finally obtaining defect growth rate point estimate from the simulated growth rate data. The method also involves determining a probability of failure of a defect from the defect growth rate point estimates.

Abstract: A system for testing electrical continuity of a device to a source wherein there is at least one conductor connecting the device to the source can include a reference capacitive load, an oscillator, and a microprocessor. The oscillator is selectively connected to the reference capacitive load and each conductor connecting the device to the source such that the frequency output of the oscillator is a function of the selected capacitive load of the oscillator. Each conductor connecting the device to the source is connected to the oscillator such that when each one is selectively connected, the output of the oscillator is a function of that conductor's parasitic self-capacitance. The microprocessor can then compare the frequency of the signal generated when each conductor is connected to the oscillator with the frequency of the signal generated when the reference capacitive load is connected.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pipeline management supporting server capable of unifying management of attribute data of a pipe component and location information on a pipe network, efficiently detecting an abnormality of a pipeline remotely, and diagnosing the degradation state of the pipeline. The pipeline management supporting server (1) of the present invention includes: a private data processing unit (11) and a statistical calculation processing unit (12). The private data processing unit (11) includes an event data acquisition section (114) that acquires event data of a pipeline measured by a sensor(s), a measured event data storage section (112) that stores the event data of the pipeline, a pipeline database data storage section (111) that stores pipeline database data, a possible abnormality detection section (113), and an information output section (115).

Abstract: A method is provided for evaluating simultaneously the effects of multiple, interdependent heat-exchanger degradation modes for a heat exchanger of a power plant in the context of a series of alternative heat-exchanger remediation strategies. The method includes calculating time-varying predicted future progressions of heat exchanger performance metrics for a plurality of alternative heat-exchanger remediation strategies, and calculating time-varying predicted future progressions of financial metrics describing the accumulated financial benefit of each of the strategies. The calculations may be provided in probabilistic terms. A strategy may then be chosen based, at least in part, on the calculated results.