Abstract: A system and method for monitoring a critical component (e.g., an electrical deicing heater) on an aircraft. A first electrical current is input into the critical component, a second electrical current is returned from the critical component, and an electrical differential current of the critical component is detected. The electrical differential current is the difference between the first electrical current and the second electrical current. An electrical differential current signal is generated from the detected electrical differential current. The electrical differential current signal is compared to a differential current threshold, and precautionary action is triggered based on the comparison. A deterioration trend of the critical component is monitored by tracking variations in the electrical differential current of the critical component over time.

Abstract: A solar panel soiling monitoring system is provided for measuring soiling losses on a photo-voltaic system. The solar panel monitoring system includes: a soil monitoring panel including a plurality of arranged photovoltaic cells connected in series to one another; a measurement unit in electronic communication with a switchbox for controlling measurements of each of the photovoltaic cells; a communication unit in electronic communication with the measurement unit; and a data storage system in electronic communication with the communication unit including a processor, a computer readable storage medium, and one or more computer programs operable on the data storage system. The data storage system determines soiling conditions of the soil monitoring panel based on measured short circuit currents of each of the plurality of photovoltaic cells of the soil monitoring panels.

Abstract: An electrical energy transmission system has a three-phase electric current power source generating a three-phase current including three currents of different phases, a three-phase current converting device which converts at least some of the currents, a single-wire electric current transmission line configured to transmit the converted currents to a consumer, and a balancing device configured to balance the electric currents in the three-phase current source and providing thereby a stable operation of the three-phase current power source.

Abstract: A fault arc detection method includes: sampling an instantaneous current value of a circuit; using the instantaneous current value to predict a current peak value and, when the predicted current peak value is greater than a predetermined threshold, determining that a first energy fault arc is to appear; and comparing a time domain or frequency domain feature of the instantaneous current value with a reference time domain feature or a reference frequency domain feature of the current of a fault arc of the circuit. When the similarity between the time domain or frequency domain feature and the reference time or reference frequency domain feature of the current of the fault arc reaches a predetermined range, a second energy fault arc is determined to appear. The method and detection device detect the occurrence of a fault arc early and they are able to distinguish different types of fault arcs.

Abstract: A method for predicting mechanical failure of a traction motor in a vehicle includes monitoring first characteristics of an electrical signal supplied to a traction motor of a vehicle during a first detection window. The first characteristics represent a first motor electrical signature for the traction motor. The method also includes deriving one or more signature values from a first mathematical model of the first motor electrical signature and predicting a mechanical failure of the traction motor based on the one or more signature values.

Abstract: A method and system of notifications for an electric vehicle are provided. A method of notification includes receiving, from an electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE), a charge for a first vehicle. The method may further include scanning, by the first vehicle, an identifier of a second vehicle parked in tandem with the first vehicle. The method may also include sending, via the EVSE, by the first vehicle, a notification request including the identifier of the second vehicle.

Abstract: A bypass mechanism for a photovoltaic module which switches out the electronics and switches in a bypass mechanism.

Abstract: A host voltage monitor is provided for a transceiver. The host voltage monitor may include a comparator, which compares two voltages, one representative of the present host voltage, and the other representative of a threshold voltage level for the host voltage, that may indicate an imminent loss of power. Once the threshold is crossed, an alarm and/or a fault warning data packet may be automatically generated before the power fault causes the transceiver to shut down.

Abstract: Disclosed examples include power conversion systems, methods and computer readable mediums to operate an inverter to drive a motor load through an intervening filter, by computing a speed error value according to a speed reference value and a speed feedback value, computing a torque reference value according to the speed error value, computing a motor current reference value according to the torque reference value, compensating the motor current reference value according to capacitor currents of the output filter using a transfer function representing an output current to input current amplitude vs. frequency behavior of the output filter and the motor load, and controlling the inverter according to the inverter output current reference value.

Abstract: A switch assembly is disclosed for use in a circuit configured to carry a current between a first electrical conductor and a second electrical conductor. The switch assembly includes at least a first current path and a second current path, each of which includes an electrical contact which can be selectively connected to or disconnected from the second electrical conductor. At least one of the first current path and the second current path is configured such that it has a frequency-dependent reactance or impedance so as to force or cause current with a frequency which complies with a selected frequency criterion and which flows between the first electrical conductor and the second electrical conductor to flow, at least to a greater extent, via a selected one of the first current path and the second current path.

Abstract: A load calculation device for determining the maximum electrical load that can be applied to an electrical circuit includes determines the temperature differential (?T) between a section of the electrical circuit and the ambient air temperature in which the section of the electrical circuit resides. The actual electrical load applied to the electrical circuit is also determined as is the design load of the electrical circuit. The maximum electrical load that can be applied to the electrical circuit is then determined based on the temperature differential and the electrical load applied to the electrical circuit and the circuit designed load. The load calculation device may be applied to an electrical joint and may be used to calculate the maximum temperature differential allowed for a given current to be applied at the electrical joint. This is particularly beneficial in connection with detecting and preventing electrical joint failure.

Abstract: A system includes a Synchrophasor Data Management System (SDMS), in which the SDMS includes a Synchrophasor Processor System (SPS). The SPS includes a Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC) configured to receive a first plurality of inputs from a first Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), transform at least one of the first plurality of inputs into a first time aligned output by time aligning the at least one of the first plurality of inputs. The SPS further includes a virtual PMU configured to aggregate the first time aligned output into a PMU dataset, in which the SPS is configured to transmit the PMU dataset to a second PMU, an external PDC, a super PDC, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to a switching device (4) and a measurement system (1). In the method according to the invention for determining time differences between measurement signals measured by at least two couple measurement devices (2, 3), a time basis signal is first generated for the measurement devices (2, 3). A common reference signal is further generated by a signal generator (5). The common reference signal is fed to measurement signal inputs (8, 9) of the coupled measuring devices (2, 3) via the switching device (4). A measurement signal is then fed to said measurement signal inputs (8, 9) of the coupled measuring devices (2, 3) and the time position of the measurement signals relative to the reference signal is determined in each of the coupled measuring devices (2, 3).

Abstract: In a reactive power compensation device, a control unit controls a magnitude of reactive power to be output by a reactive power output unit, based on a detected system voltage and one or more control parameters in a first operation mode. In a second operation mode, the control unit changes the magnitude of the reactive power to be output by the reactive power output unit to a power system in an output change period, calculates system impedances of the power system at a plurality of detection time points within the output change period, based on change amounts of the system voltage detected at the plurality of detection time points and corresponding change amounts of the reactive power, and, when a variation in the calculated system impedances is within an acceptable range, adjusts the one or more control parameters, based on the calculated system impedances.

Abstract: The invention includes a system and method for characterizing and monitoring photovoltaic power systems, and more particularly, to solar monitoring systems that provide notification of fault and performance conditions. Mistaken fault conditions causing false alarms are corrected by use of current weather conditions and performance data to adjust fault detection algorithms and control features.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory device includes a memory cell array including memory cells, each having a resistance value reversibly transitioning among resistance value ranges, a read circuit that, in operation, obtains pieces of resistance value information each relating to the resistance value of one of the memory cells, an arithmetic circuit that, in operation, calculates a binary reference value based on at least a part of the pieces of resistance value information, and a write circuit. In operation, the read circuit selectively assigns, based on the binary reference value, one of two values to each of the pieces of resistance value information. In operation, the write circuit performs a first write operation on a memory cell corresponding to one of the two values among the memory cells.

Abstract: An electrified vehicle has first and second DC buses and a chassis ground. A leakage detector has a detector switch and detector resistor in series between the first bus and chassis ground. A voltage measured across the detector resistor is proportional to a leakage resistance between the second bus and chassis. An inverter has a plurality of phase legs, each having first and second phase switches coupled between the buses. An AC traction motor has phases coupled to the phase legs. An inverter control circuit receives data messages having a predetermined latency period from the detector identifying a measured leakage resistance. Switching events are detected during which a phase switch is closed for a duration greater than the latency period. An electrical short is indicated if the measured leakage resistance in a data message received during a detected switching event is less than a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A ground fault interrupter circuit and a method for operating a ground fault interrupter that includes configuring the ground fault interrupter to perform a plurality of self tests. The ground fault interrupter may be configured to perform a ground fault self test, a grounded-neutral self test, and a trip circuit self test.

Abstract: A method for monitoring and measuring an insulation resistance in ungrounded and grounded power supply systems includes the method steps of generating a periodic measuring signal, coupling in the measuring signal between active conductors of the power supply system to be monitored and ground, and detecting and evaluating measured values of the measuring signal. In one embodiment of the invention, the generated measuring signal is formed as a multi-frequency signal by the superposition of a finite number of harmonic oscillations with at least three harmonics. Alternatively, the multi-frequency signal can also be realized by means of a targeted, portioned construction of the signal shape in the time domain on the basis of a binary sequence optimization or by generating the measuring signal by means of the time-division multiplexing method.

Abstract: A system is described that includes a power bus, a power source configured to supply power to the power bus, and a device receiving at least some of the power supplied by the power source. The device is configured to determine a quality level of the power received from the power bus, and perform an operation of the device according to the quality level of the power. The quality level of the power may be determined on an output from a wavelet transform. For example, the device may apply a wavelet transform to a function based on the power, isolate disturbances from the output of the wavelet transform, and based on the disturbances, determine the quality level of the power.

Abstract: Computer-implemented methods, computer-readable media, and systems for selecting one or more parameters for inspection of a wafer are provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for capturing voltage phase angle data on an alternating current power grid. The method includes periodically making a voltage phase angle measurement at each of a plurality of locations on the alternating current power grid relative to a timing reference signal (e.g., a GPS timing signal) that is available at each location. For each of the locations, the voltage phase angle measurements are stored locally at the location. A trigger event is selected that will be simultaneously detectable at two or more of the locations. The method includes monitoring for the trigger event at each of the plurality of locations. In response to detecting the trigger event at one or more of the locations, a select amount of pre-trigger and post-trigger measurements are transmitted over a data communications network to a pre-designated destination from each location at which the trigger event was detected.

Abstract: A radio frequency communication system includes a radio frequency transmitter having a chirp generator operable to transmit a first chirp signal, and transmit a second chirp signal that is circular shifted relative to the first chirp signal. A receiver receives the first chirp signal and the second chirp signal, such that the proportion of phase offset between the first and second chirp signals is proportional to the frequency offset of the received signals. The first and second chirp signals are despread, and the phase difference between the first and second chirp signals is used to determine a frequency offset of the received first and second chirp signals that is proportional to the phase difference between the first and second chirp signals.

Abstract: An arc fault circuit interrupter is disclosed. This arc fault circuit interrupter can include any one or more of three different sensors such as a high frequency sensor, and any one of lower frequency sensors such as a current sensor or a differential sensor. The arc fault circuit interrupter can be configured as an in line arc fault circuit interrupter installed in a wall box. In addition, the arc fault circuit interrupter can include a processor configured to determine any one of a series arc fault, or a parallel arc fault.

Abstract: A safety system monitors faults in an embedded control system. The embedded control system is modeled to produce one or more model check values by calculating how many clock cycles will pass between an initialization time point and at least one event time point for a specific event. The initialization time point is a certain point in an initialization function of a scheduler in the embedded control system. The at least one event time point is an expected number of clock cycles to pass before a specific event occurs. In operation, the embedded control system is initialized, a current clock cycle counter value is retrieved at a certain point in the initialization, and either an occurrence or an absence of an occurrence of a scheduled event is recognized. A current clock cycle value is recorded upon the recognition, and a mathematic check value is produced from the clock cycle value stored at the certain point in the initialization and the clock cycle value recorded upon the recognition.

Abstract: A method for accurately diagnosing an internal fault of an oil-immersed transformer by analyzing content ratios of dissolved gases generated when the internal fault occurs in the oil-immersed transformer is provided. The method diagnoses the internal fault by analyzing the dissolved gases contained in the insulating oil of the oil-immersed transformer for internal fault diagnosis, wherein the method comprises: a first step of extracting H2, CH4, C2H4, and C2H2 from the dissolved gases; a second step of calculating a content ratio (%) of each dissolved gas from the total content of the four dissolved gases selected from the extracted five dissolved gases; and a third step of determining the internal fault of the oil-immersed transformer for diagnosis corresponding to an internal fault region according to content ratio (%) values of the calculated four dissolved gases and predetermined content ratios (%) of the four dissolved gases.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first semiconductor chip which includes a first power supply terminal and into which a circuit block which is operated by a power supply voltage supplied to the first power supply terminal is integrated, a power circuit that includes switching transistors and supplies the power supply voltage to the first power supply terminal, and a DCDC control unit that is formed on the first semiconductor chip and generates a control signal for controlling the turning on and off of the switching transistors in response to an information signal from the circuit block and a voltage information signal corresponding to an output voltage from the power circuit.

Abstract: A method for estimating PCB radiated emissions includes providing a BCI probe and a vector network analyzer; performing a calibration step; performing a measurement step; and performing an estimation step. A transfer impedance of the BCI probe is measured via a clamping device in the procedure of performing a calibration step. A measurement-input transfer function of an object and an output-input transfer function of the object are measured via the BCI probe in the procedure of performing a measurement step. Eventually, radiated emissions of the object can be estimated according to the measurement-input transfer function, the output-input transfer function and the transfer impedance in the procedure of performing an estimation step. The present invention accurately estimates radiated emissions of the object with low cost and high speed.

Abstract: Power management systems and methods are disclosed for a plant electrical network using plurality of controllers configured for power management such that a first controller from the plurality of controllers is configured to perform power management in a first local process area within the plant electrical network and can communicate with a second controller that is configured for power management in a second local process area within the plant electrical network, over a plant wide communication network. The power management function in the first local process area can be performed based on the information communicated between the first controller and the second controller and/or based on a power balance computation carried out for the plant wide electrical network or for the first local process area. The power management function can include slow load shedding.

Abstract: Information leaked from smart cards and other tamper resistant cryptographic devices can be statistically analyzed to determine keys or other secret data. A data collection and analysis system is configured with an analog-to-digital converter connected to measure the device's consumption of electrical power, or some other property of the target device, that varies during the device's processing. As the target device performs cryptographic operations, data from the A/D converter are recorded for each cryptographic operation. The stored data are then processed using statistical analysis, yielding the entire key, or partial information about the key that can be used to accelerate a brute force search or other attack.

Abstract: A transformer diagnosis apparatus and method which can advantageously be used for on-line diagnosis of a transformer, and by which transformer properties may be monitored and/or determined. The diagnosis method includes collecting, for at least two different transformer loads, measurements of a current being indicative of the transformer load, as well as measurements of at least one further transformer AC signal. The method further includes deriving, from the collected measurements, at least two values of a quantity which depends on a transformer property as well as on transformer load; and determining, from the derived values, a set of coefficient(s) of a relation for how the quantity is expected to vary with transformer load. The method further includes using the determined coefficient(s) in performing a diagnosis of the transformer.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a system having an electrical connection, the connection having at least two phases and respective currents, the system having a periodic behavior, the method including the steps of: connecting sensors to measure respective currents of two phases of the electrical connection; transforming the measured currents to create initial current information; making an initial determination of a normal operation of the system; performing training and modeling of the system, following the initial determination of normal operation of the system, the training and modeling including further current measurements yielding modeled current information; monitoring the system, including instant current measurements to yield instant current information indicative of instant operation status of the system; and making an instant determination of operation status of the system by comparing the instant current information with the modeled current information.

Abstract: A turbidity sensor and a method for determining at least one physical, chemical and/or biological measured variable of process automation in a medium by means of at least one optical sensor, comprising the steps of sending transmission signals into the medium, wherein the transmission signals are converted into received signals by interaction with, especially by scattering from, the medium as a function of the measured variable; receiving the received signals; and converting the received signals into the measured variable as a function of environmental conditions at the location of installation and, adjusting the sensor based on a calibration graph corresponding to environmental conditions at the location of installation.

Abstract: A method of characterizing an LED, as well as an integrated circuit using this method, based on a so-called characteristic resistance, in which the LED is operated at a first, relatively low, operating current and then at a second, relatively high, operating current. From the ratio between the difference between the forward voltages at these two operating currents, and the difference between the operating current, the characteristic resistance is determined. The characteristic resistance is measured at two or more moments during the operational lifetime of the device, and a prediction or estimate is made in relation to the total operational lifetime of the devices, from the evolution or change of the characteristic resistance.

Abstract: An injection protocol for a cable includes selecting a cable for testing, selecting a pre-injection electrical discharge test for determining if electrical discharge activity occurs at or about operating voltage of the cable, configuring the cable for the pre-injection electrical discharge test; running the pre-injection electrical discharge test on the cable, and determining whether to inject the cable with a restorative fluid based upon electrical discharge activity detected at or about operating voltage of the cable.

Abstract: In one embodiment of this invention, identical communicating node elements are constructed and placed throughout a power delivery network. Each of these node elements supplies features and options that facilitate peer-to-peer communications, data and service aggregation, propagated interfaces and distributed computational power. The network of interacting node elements, built with a common architecture, gives the power delivery network advanced capabilities for utilities and customers. These advanced capabilities include self-healing, highly secure communications, real-time interactions between any devices, and so on.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multi-channel leakage current monitoring system configured to monitor leakage currents transmitted to loads from a plurality of molded case circuit breakers (MCCBs), and to transmit the leakage currents to a smart meter. The system comprises: a plurality of current transformers configured to measure power information data about loads connected to secondary side power lines of the MCCBs; and a multi-channel measuring unit (MCMU) configured to detect a leakage current by analyzing the power information data received from the current transformers. Under such a configuration, the size of the system can be reduced, and the number of communication lines can be minimized.

Abstract: A method of determining service routes for a plurality of crews is provided. Outage data identifying a plurality of service outage source locations, a number of affected customers associated with each location of the plurality of locations, and a type of repair to perform at each location of the plurality of locations is received. A repair time is estimated for each location. Crew data identifying a plurality of crews and a start location for the plurality of crews is received. A service route for each crew is determined based on a crew skill indicator associated with each crew satisfying the type of repair to perform at each location and based on the estimated repair time for each location. The service route for a crew of the plurality of crews includes the start location as a first location and at least one location of the plurality of locations.

Abstract: A sensing device includes: a sensor module that includes a group of sensors, at least one of which is set as a motion sensor, and can switch an operation mode to an overall operation mode in which all of the group of sensors operate and a partial operation mode in which a part of the sensors including the at least one sensor set as the motion sensor operate; and a control unit that controls the switching of the operation mode of the sensor module on the basis of an output from the motion sensor.

Abstract: A method of controlling multiple street lamps with a mobile terminal includes receiving event information regarding a street lamp, among the multiple street lamps, from a gateway via an Internet in real-time. The event information indicates that a predetermined event has occurred in the street lamp. Notification information indicating that the event information has been received, is provided to a user of the mobile terminal in real-time. A control instruction for controlling the first street lamp based on control information input by the user, is transmitted to the first street lamp.

Abstract: The described implementations relate to data classification. One implementation includes identifying one or more likely classifications for an incoming data item using an algorithm. The implementation can also include providing the one or more identified classifications to a user. A selection of an individual identified classification for the incoming data item can be received from the user. The algorithm can be refined to reflect the selection by the user.

Abstract: A self powered memory system is disclosed. The system includes a volatile supply component, a battery component, a switch component, and a volatile memory component. The volatile supply component is configured to provide a time varying supply. The battery component is configured to generate a non-volatile supply. The switch component is configured to generate a persistent supply from the time varying supply and the non-volatile supply. The volatile memory component is configured to maintain data by using the persistent supply.

Abstract: A method of testing an electrical junction between a first metallic element and a second metallic element in an aircraft current return network, said network comprising a plurality of metallic elements, each of which is connected to at least two other elements, said aircraft comprising at least one element made of a composite material connected to said network. The method is remarkable in that its use does not damage the composite structure of the aircraft.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to diagnose a valve using electric valve actuators are disclosed. An example apparatus includes an electric motor to actuate a valve, rotation sensors to monitor a rotation of a drive shaft associated with the electric motor to determine a distance travelled by the drive shaft, and a valve position sensor to monitor a position of a flow control member of the valve. The example electric valve actuator further includes a processor to generate an alert based on feedback from the rotation sensors and the valve position sensor, the alert associated with a failure of the valve.

Abstract: A network device receives notification configuration information that includes a time interval criteria and a selected geographical area for providing power outage notifications. The network device receives, during a particular time interval, a loss-of-power alarm from a network interface device (NID) associated with a customer premises. The loss-of-power alarm includes a particular NID identifier. The network device retrieves, from a database, customer configuration information that associates the particular NID identifier with a particular address and identifies a power outage in a particular region associated with the particular address. The identifying is based on receiving the loss-of-power alarm and determining if other loss-of-power alarms have been received from other NIDs in the same region and within the particular time interval.

Abstract: The charge value of a partial discharge pulse in an electrical cable is provided by analyzing the frequency spectrum of the propagated pulse in a spectrum analyzer 21 to generate sets of spectrum signals, each including a magnitude and a frequency of a component of the pulse. A laptop computer has a processor, receives the spectrum signals, and has one or more application computer programs operable to perform the calculations of Equations 2-6, finds the bandwidth and energy of the spectrum signals from which the computer programs derive unknown time domain parameters including the maximum value of the pulse and the time interval of the pulse at half its maximum value. With those parameters, the program reconstructs a time domain signal of the pulse and integrates that signal to provide the charge value of the partial discharge.

Abstract: A device (1) for detecting and processing signals relating to partial electrical discharges in an electrical apparatus (2) powered by a square-wave (3) voltage modulated by a modulating wave (4) in such a way as to form an alternating voltage of predetermined frequency, comprises: a sensor (5) connectable to the apparatus (2) for detecting a discharge signal (6) representing the electrical pulses generated by the partial discharges; a processing unit (7) connected to the sensor (5) to receive the discharge signal (6) and derive the detection instants of each of the pulses detected with respect to a predetermined time reference, a synchronization module (8) designed to receive an electrical signal (9) representing the power supply voltage and equipped with a filter (10) configured for extracting from said power supply signal (9) a signal (11) representing the modulating wave (4), the processing unit (7) being configured for associating with the pulses detected the values of a phase parameter (f) representing t

Abstract: An integrated circuit, in particular a microcontroller, for operation in an area with ionizing radiation, has at least one part of a temperature control circuit. The temperature control circuit performs a regulated increase in the circuit temperature to a predefined, essentially constant operating temperature, by increasing the electrical power consumption of the circuit by an adjustable additional electrical power. The circuit has an output facility for information about damage to the integrated circuit caused by the ionizing radiation impacting thereon, it being possible to determine the information about damage from a radiation-dose-dependent decrease in the adjustable additional electrical power.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrical safety diagnosis system and apparatus, which are configured to enable sensed data on user surroundings in a U-city environment, such as electrical safety data for switchboards and distribution boards, and water leakages, faulty outlet connections, etc., to be managed remotely by a server at a U-city integrated information center. In particular, the present invention relates to an electrical safety diagnosis system and apparatus which use a U-city integrated information network to preemptively perform checking and analyzes for potential electrically-induced disasters that can occur in public facilities, stores, buildings, and homes within a U-city, by means of a U-city integrated information center, and prevent electrical fires or shocks at the electrical equipment of switchboards or distribution boards, and dangerous conditions (such as water leakages, abnormal temperatures, gas, and faulty outlet connections) in facilities used by users.

Abstract: The invention is related to a photovoltaic element evaluation method, comprising a time-controlled measurement of a current-voltage characteristic of a photovoltaic element, said photovoltaic element being arranged in a measuring circuit for measuring at least an electrical current and/or an electrical voltage of said current-voltage characteristic. The invention relates furthermore to a measuring system configuration for performing time-controlled measurements of current-voltage characteristics of replaceable photovoltaic elements.