Abstract: A bone strength simulation calculation method and device, and a storage medium. The bone strength simulation calculation method includes acquiring three-dimensional data of cancellous bone of a bone segment to be analyzed; obtaining a skeleton mechanical model according to the three-dimensional data; and performing feature analysis on the skeleton mechanical model to obtain skeleton strength data.

Abstract: Methods for providing results of orthodontic realignment simulations comprising: obtaining three-dimensional virtual models of dental arches, the models compiled from intraoral scans of a mouth; based on the shapes of the modeled dental arches, selecting matching predefined archforms; obtaining at least one of: a first set of rules that define anterior and posterior molar movement, a second set of rules that determine a path of tooth movement to the matching predefined archforms, or a third set of rules that define simulation mechanics for moving at least one tooth to a final position based on known endpoint data and the matching predefined archforms; and based on results from implementing at least one set of rules, determining final positions of the teeth in relation to the matching predefined archforms.

Abstract: A photonic device for splitting optical beams includes an input port configured to receive an input beam having an input power, a power splitter including perturbation segments arranged in a first region and a second region of a guide material having a first refractive index, each segment having a second refractive index, wherein the first region is configured to split the input beam into a first beam and a second beam, wherein and the second region is configured to separately guide the first and second beams, wherein the first refractive index is greater than the second refractive index, and output ports including first and second output ports connected the power splitter to respectively receive and transmit the first and second beams.

Abstract: Methods and systems for evaluating the biomechanical properties of a subject's spine for the purpose of optimizing a potential surgical intervention by selecting or designing surgical hardware fora spinal correction procedure. The system uses a simulated dynamic analysis configured to analyze, predict and improve the outcome of the surgical procedure by taking into account physiological, biomechanical, and anatomical factors. Machine learning algorithms use the computed distribution of forces and moments on the subject's spine, and compare the subject's results with those of patients from a reference population.

Abstract: A method for optimizing a knee arthroplasty surgical procedure includes receiving pre-operative data comprising (i) anatomical measurements of the patient, (ii) soft tissue measurements of the patient's anatomy, and (iii) implant parameters identifying an implant to be used in the knee arthroplasty surgical procedure. An equation set is selected from a plurality of pre-generated equation sets based on the pre-operative data. During the knee arthroplasty surgical procedure, patient-specific kinetic and kinematic response values are generated and displayed using an optimization process. The optimization process includes collecting intraoperative data from one or more surgical tools of a computer-assisted surgical system, and using the intraoperative data and the pre-operative data to solve the equation set, thereby yielding the patient-specific kinetic and kinematic response values. A visualization is then provided of the patient-specific kinetic and kinematic response values on the displays.

Abstract: A deep learning-based MRI examination and diagnosis system for displacement of a temporomandibular joint disc includes: an acquisition unit, configured to acquire a human head MRI image; a labeling unit, configured to obtain temporomandibular joint area images based on the human head MRI image, and label the temporomandibular joint area images to obtain a training set, the temporomandibular joint area images being classified into images in which a joint disc is in normal and abnormal positions in open and closed states; and a diagnosis unit, configured to construct a first temporomandibular joint disc displacement diagnosis model, and train a first jaw joint disc displacement classification model based on the training set to obtain a second temporomandibular joint disc displacement diagnosis model which is configured to classify and recognize temporomandibular joint area images to be diagnosed, and output a temporomandibular joint disc displacement examination and diagnosis result.

Abstract: A method for determination of molecular parameters for a configuration of a known single organic molecule embedded in an anisotropic environment generated by alignment media, said known single organic molecule comprising particles, is disclosed. The method comprising the steps of: a) Defining a three-dimensional grid that is aligned with the known atomic structure of the alignment medium; b) Placing the particles of the known single organic molecule on the respective grid points of the three-dimensional grid in relation to at least one assigned atom of the alignment medium; c) Determining the interaction between the particles of the single organic molecule and the alignment medium for a set of orientations and a plurality of configurations of the particles; d) Calculating anisotropic parameters obtainable by measuring with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy by use of the determined interactions for each of the plurality of configurations of the organic molecule.

Abstract: In one or more implementations, a method and system are disclosed in which at least one processor receives information associated with an upcoming arthroplasty and demographic factors of a patient in the upcoming arthroplasty. The processor(s) access i) procedure information representing arthroplasty previously performed for each of a plurality of patients and ii) implant information representing types and sizes of implants from a plurality of manufacturers. Further, the processor(s) determine respective unadjusted probabilities of each of a plurality of implant size options within a range of implant sizes, based on i) of at least one statistical model, ii) the accessed procedure information and the implant information, and iii) the demographic factors of the patient.

Abstract: The described technology may include processes to model acid-base homeostasis in normal patients and under acid-base disorder conditions. In one embodiment, a method may include an acid-base homeostasis analysis. The method may include, via a processor of a computing device: providing a physiological acid-base model configured to model acid-base homeostasis of a virtual patient, the physiological acid-base model to: determine a plurality of operating parameters for an HCO3/CO2 buffering system having renal and pulmonary regulatory mechanisms, determine acid-base information comprising a bicarbonate concentration, a carbon dioxide concentration, and a free hydrogen ions concentration via simulating the HCO3/CO2 buffering system, and determine predicted patient information based on the acid-base information. Other embodiments are described.

Abstract: Continuous monitoring of subject's cardiac system using biological signal(s) (BS) during day-to-day activities is essential for managing personal cardiac health/disorders, etc. Conventional systems/methods lack in improvising overall classification results and configured for specific device/signal say ECG or PPG and so on. Present disclosure provides systems and methods for classifying BS obtained from users, wherein BS are preprocessed to obtain filtered signals (FS). Corresponding feature extraction module is utilized for feature set extraction based on features in FS. The feature set is reduced and segmented into test and training data. Biological signal classification model(s) are generated using training data and a BCM is applied on test data to classify biological signals (BS) as one of Atrial Fibrillation (AF), a non-AF, a cardiac arrythmia disorder, or ischemia.

Abstract: A heating, ventilation, or air conditioning system (HVAC) design and operational tool includes one or more processors and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations including obtaining a dynamic temperature model and a dynamic infectious quanta model for one or more building zones, determining an infection probability, and performing a plurality of simulations for a plurality of different equipment configurations using the dynamic temperature model, the dynamic infectious quanta model, and the infection probability to generate results. The operations include generating, using the results of the plurality of simulations, at least one of design including one or more recommended design parameters data or operational data including one or more recommended operational parameters for the HVAC system and initiating an automated action using at least one of the design data or the operational data.

Abstract: A deep state space generative model is augmented with intervention prediction. The state space model provides a principled way to capture the interactions among observations, interventions, critical event occurrences, true states, and associated uncertainty. The state space model can include a discrete-time hazard rate model that provides flexible fitting of general survival time distributions. The state space model can output a joint prediction of event risk, observation and intervention trajectories based on patterns in temporal progressions, and correlations between past measurements and interventions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of visualising a dynamic anatomical structure (1), a computer program and a user interface. The method comprises (a) providing a sequence of three-dimensional medical images (M1, M2, M3, . . . MZ) of a dynamic anatomical structure (1) spanning a time period (T), (b) providing a dynamic model (14), in particular surface of the anatomical structure, (c) determining a volume of interest (40) containing an anatomical feature of interest (3) within each of the three-dimensional images, wherein the volume of interest (40) follows the position and/or the shape of the anatomical feature of interest (3) across the time period and wherein the volume of interest (40) is smaller than the complete field of view of the three-dimensional medical images (M1, M2, M3, . . .

Abstract: The invention relates to a material for use as a pad in high field and/or very high field magnetic resonance imaging instrument, comprising at least one polar solvent having a melting point of 14° C. to 50° C., a dispersant and a dielectric charge. The invention relates also to a pad used in field of high field and/or very high field magnetic resonance imaging made of at least such a material.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems, methods, and software for providing a virtual environment with enhanced visual and haptic detail. In some embodiments, the haptic tool and haptic target are assigned affordance and susceptibility values, respectively, that are used to determine visual and haptic feedback.

Abstract: A method (20) for functional classification of luminaires (101a-d) arranged as a grid (100) has luminaires (101a-d) with at least two different sensors (103, 105, 107), such as at least two of a light sensor (103), an acoustic sensor (105) and a motion sensor (107). Output signals of the sensors (103, 105, 107) are supplied to a controller (109), and are wirelessly forwarded (23) along with timestamps and luminaire IDs to a gateway and then transmitted to a central database (403). The timestamps are used to correlate the sensor information signals (130) over a defined period of time, and to generate (27) functional classification information based on the correlations found. The functional classification information indicates a likelihood function of a certain usage of each luminaire, out of a given set of usage functions.

Abstract: A system and method for classifying compartments at a security checkpoint includes classifying a compartment into a first category or a second category using a first stage neural network that analyzes a three-dimensional representation of the compartment extracted from an imaging device coupled to the computing system, and in response to classifying the compartment into the second category, screening the compartment using a second stage neural network that performs image segmentation to isolate a hazardous object present in the compartment.

Abstract: A system and method for diagnosing, determining treatment, and determining prognosis of health, performance, fitness, training regimen, and breeding condition of an animal subject using expert systems, data integration, imaging and 3D scanning technology are disclosed. The system and method uses data integration, imaging and 3D scanning technology and other methods to collect data in a very precise and repeatable process. The system and method uses an AI expert system with deep learning analysis to analyze health history of an animal, performance of the animal, and breeding potential of the animal. This approach provides a highly accurate, repeatable and unbiased method to evaluate an animal and to recommend diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract: A mechanism is provided in a data processing system comprising at least one processor and a memory comprising instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to implement a real-time prediction engine for real-time predication of chemical properties through combining calculated, structured, and unstructured data at large scale. Offline components executing within the real-time prediction engine store a computational representation for each of a plurality of chemical structures in a unified storage. Each computational representation maps a respective chemical structure to a vector of calculated chemical structure features and properties, unstructured chemical features and properties, and structured chemical features and properties. The offline components train a computational real-time predictive model based on the computational representations.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for predicting chemotherapy benefit. The invention predicts chemotherapy benefit based on the expression analysis of biomarkers, e.g., RNA biomarker transcription analysis, taken from a tumor sample. The biomarker expression data can be combined with clinical variables, e.g., tumor size and nodal status, to generate a profile that predicts the benefit of including chemotherapy as a treatment decision.

Abstract: Described herein is a method for detecting changes in blood flow in a tissue portion and/or body portion of an individual. The method can be used to detect any sort of pathology, trauma or insult which results in blood flow change. Specifically, this method uses hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI to detect xenon perfusion changes in tissues such as brain tissue that corresponds to changes in blood flow, for example, changes caused by functional activities of the brain or regions of the body where blood flow may be compromised.

Abstract: The invention relates to a regions identifying apparatus (1) for identifying regions in an image like a computed tomography image showing a brain. A model providing unit (6) provides a three-dimensional model of a head of a living being, wherein the three-dimensional model includes Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) regions of a brain, and a regions identifying unit (7) identifies ASPECTS regions in the three-dimensional image by applying the three-dimensional model to the three-dimensional image. This allows for an accurate, automatic identification of the ASPECTS regions independently of the orientation of the head in an imaging system, independently of an image slice thickness and also independently of a respective user like a physician. This leads to imaging an improved accuracy of determining the ASPECTS regions which allows for an improved quantification of ischemic changes in the brain after stroke. This in turn also allows for an improved treatment recommendation.

Abstract: A system for use during a surgical procedure includes a control unit configured to obtain a first anatomical characteristic of a patient; measure a second anatomical characteristic of a patient; create a targeted second anatomical characteristic; and convert at least one of the measured second anatomical characteristic and the targeted second anatomical characteristics to a patient position.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of transforming photosynthetic organisms, such as green algae. The methods involve methylating one or more DNA fragments of a DNA construct and transforming the one or more fragments into the photosynthetic organism. The DNA fragments can be the product of a DNA amplification procedure, such as PCR or a PCR-like procedure. In one embodiment the one or more fragments of DNA that comprise a DNA construct are dam methylated prior to being transformed into the photosynthetic organism.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for assessing a characteristic of a drug, comprising treating a tissue sample with the drug; extracting from the tissue sample at least one feature of the tissue sample as treated; providing the at least one feature to an engine; obtaining a prediction from the engine; and associating the prediction with the drug.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving identities of features of a first composition, and receiving a value of a property of the first composition. A learning model is trained using values of predefined characteristics of the features of the first composition, and the value of the property of the first composition. The learning model is then provided identities of second features of a second composition. Using the learning model, a value of a property of the second composition is determined and displayed.

Abstract: An apparatus and modeling method of the present invention includes the successive steps of generating cartographic data representative of points belonging to a glenoid surface; distinguishing from among the cartographic data a first group of cartographic data corresponding to a first part of the glenoid surface, the first surface part being situated farthest down in the vertical direction in relation to the scapula; calculating from the first group of cartographic data a first ellipsoid portion that coincides substantially with the first surface part; and obtaining a theoretical glenoid surface from the first ellipsoid portion. By virtue of the theoretical glenoid surface obtained by this method, it is possible to assist the surgeon in optimizing the position of implantation of a glenoid component and to produce a glenoid component “made to measure” for the scapula that is to be fitted with a prosthesis.

Abstract: A Hall effect sensor system includes a Hall effect sensor and a drive-sense circuit (DSC). The Hall effect sensor includes an input port to receive a DC (direct current) current signal and generates a Hall voltage based on exposure to a magnetic field. The DSC generates the DC current signal based on a reference signal and drives it via a single line that operably couples the DSC to the Hall effect sensor and simultaneously to sense the DC current signal via the single line. The DSC detects an effect on the DC current signal corresponding to the Hall voltage that is generated across the Hall effect sensor based on exposure of the Hall effect sensor to the magnetic field and generates a digital signal representative of the Hall voltage.

Abstract: A method of using an ankle exoskeleton device is provided herein. The method includes collecting one or more biomechanical data points from an individual. The method also includes developing individualized musculoskeletal simulations based on the one or more biomechanical data points. In addition, the method includes creating predictive simulations by modeling effects of an ankle exoskeleton device on the individualized musculoskeletal simulations. The method also includes utilizing established device-user relationships with real-time measurements to adjust device control. Lastly, the method includes optimizing design parameters of the exoskeleton device based on the predictive simulations and user responses.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for accurate and efficient identification and quantification of proteins. In an aspect, disclosed herein is a method for identifying a protein in a sample of unknown proteins, comprising receiving information of a plurality of empirical measurements performed on the unknown proteins; comparing the information of empirical measurements against a database comprising a plurality of protein sequences, each protein sequence corresponding to a candidate protein among a plurality of candidate proteins; and for each of one or more of the plurality of candidate proteins, generating a probability that the candidate protein generates the information of empirical measurements, a probability that the plurality of empirical measurements is not observed given that the candidate protein is present in the sample, or a probability that the candidate protein is present in the sample; based on the comparison of the information of empirical measurements against the database.

Abstract: Described are computational methods to reconstruct the chromosomes (and genomes) of ancestors given genetic data, IBD information, and full or partial pedigree information of some number of their descendants.

Abstract: Certain aspects relate to systems and techniques for surgical robotic arm setup. In one aspect, there is provided a system including a first robotic arm configured to manipulate a medical instrument, a processor, and a memory. The processor may be configured to: determine a minimum stroke length of the first robotic arm that allows advancing of the medical instrument by the first robotic arm to reach a target region from an access point via a path, determine a boundary for an initial pose of the first robotic arm based on the minimum stroke length and a mapping stored in the memory, and during an arm setup phase prior to performing a procedure, provide an indication of the boundary during movement of the first robotic arm.

Abstract: Systems and methods facilitate the planning and performance of hip and other surgeries. A computer model of a hip may be generated and displayed. A template of a hip component that replaces a native portion of the hip may be superimposed on the model. Changes in leg length, offset, or anterior-posterior (AP) position as well as a virtual distance between a landmark on the model and a location on the template may be determined. During surgery, a physical distance corresponding to the virtual distance may be obtained. The template may be moved relative to the model to match the physical distance, and new change values in leg length, offset, or anterior-posterior (AP) position may be determined. The new change values may be evaluated, and the surgery may proceed, or the process may be repeated using templates corresponding to alternative components.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for the detection of biomarkers for cardiac diseases. Disclosed herein are sample collection devices comprising detection devices for heart failure. Disclosed herein are methods of detecting, monitoring, preventing, or treating heart failure.

Abstract: In some embodiments, techniques for identifying one or more species in an undifferentiated environmental sample comprising a plurality of nucleic acid sequences are provided. One or more indices that represent a plurality of reference nucleic acid sequences may be provided, and data may be received comprising digital representations of respective nucleic acid sequences. The respective nucleic acid sequences may be aligned, if possible, using the indices. A respective alignment ration may be calculated for each one of the reference nucleic acid sequences, based on the number of nucleic acid sequences aligned to the respective reference nucleic acid sequence and the total number of nucleic acid sequences in the received data.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining data measurements associated with plants in at least one growing area. The data measurements are associated with one or more characteristics of the plants and one or more characteristics of the at least one growing area. The method also includes processing at least some of the data measurements to identify one or more anomalous plant production issues associated with the plants. At least one anomalous plant production issue is associated with uneven production by the plants in at least part of the at least one growing area. The method further includes generating at least one visualization presenting at least some of the data measurements or processed versions of at least some of the data measurements in a spatial manner that corresponds to the at least one growing area. The at least one visualization identifies information associated with the one or more anomalous plant production issues.

Abstract: System and methods for geosteering inversion are provided. Downhole tool responses are predicted for different points along a planned path of a wellbore during a downhole operation, based on each of a plurality of inversion models. Measurements of the downhole tool's actual responses are obtained as the wellbore is drilled over the different points during a current stage of the operation. The inversion models are clustered based on a comparison between the actual and predicted tool responses and a randomly selected centroid for each cluster. The inversion models are re-clustered using an average inversion model determined for each cluster as the centroid for that cluster. At least one of the re-m clustered inversion models is used to perform inversion for one or more subsequent stages of the downhole operation along the planned wellbore path. The planned wellbore path is adjusted for the subsequent stage(s) of the downhole operation.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention utilize a graph-based approach for simulating genomic datasets from large scale populations. Genomic data may be represented as a directed acyclic graph (DAG) that incorporates individual sample data including variant type, position, and zygosity. A simulator may operate on the DAG to generate variant datasets based on probabilistic traversal of the DAG. This probabilistic traversal reflects genomic variant types associated with the subpopulation used to build the DAG, and as a result, the generated variant datasets maintain statistical fidelity to the original sample data.

Abstract: To control a cognitive load to be given to the cognitive function of a user in rehabilitation, this invention provides a rehabilitation support apparatus including a detector that detects a three-dimensional rehabilitation action of the user, a display controller that generates, in a three-dimensional virtual space, an avatar object that moves in accordance with the detected rehabilitation action and a target object to be visually recognized by the user and displays these on a display, a notifier that notifies generation of the target object, and a cognitive load controller that gives a cognitive load to the user by generating the target object after an elapse of a predetermined time from the notification of the generation position of the target object.

Abstract: A virtual or augmented reality system is disclosed which is capable of both (i) evaluating prospective implantable neurostimulator patient candidates, and (ii) determining optimal stimulation settings for already-implanted neurostimulation patients. Physiological sensors are included with the system to provide objective measurements relevant to a patient's symptoms, such as pain in a Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) system. Such objective measurements are determined during the presentation of various virtual or augmented environments, and can be useful to determining which patients are suitable candidates to consider for implantation. Stimulation settings for already-implanted patients may be adjusted while presenting a virtual or augmented environment to the patient, with objective measurements being determined for each stimulation setting. Such objective measurements can then be used to determine optimal stimulation settings for the patient.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for receiving graph data representing an input graph comprising a plurality of vertices connected by edges; generating, from the graph data, vertex input data representing characteristics of each vertex in the input graph and pair input data representing characteristics of pairs of vertices in the input graph; and generating order-invariant features of the input graph using a neural network, wherein the neural network comprises: a first subnetwork configured to generate a first alternative representation of the vertex input data and a first alternative representation of the pair input data from the vertex input data and the pair input data; and a combining layer configured to receive an input alternative representation and to process the input alternative representation to generate the order-invariant features.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a substrate, a classical computing processor formed on the substrate, a quantum computing processor formed on the substrate, and one or more coupling components between the classical computing processor and the quantum computing processor, the one or more coupling components being formed on the substrate and being configured to allow data exchange between the classical computing processor and the quantum computing processor.

Abstract: A method of planning a patient-specific cardiac procedure according to an embodiment of the current invention includes receiving three-dimensional imaging data of a patient's heart, simulating at least one of electrophysiological or electromechanical activity of at least a portion of the patient's heart using the three-dimensional imaging data, and planning the patient-specific cardiac procedure based on the simulating. The cardiac procedure is for providing a preselected alteration of at least one of electrophysiological or electromechanical behavior of the patient's heart.

Abstract: Computer-implemented method and system for monitoring dental implant comprising the steps of graphically simulating an anatomy of a provided dental prosthesis coupleable to a dental implant; simulating an optimized implant site for the dental implant as a function of implant parameters of the dental implant and first parameters of the optimized implant site; calculating a plurality of optimal dental implants; selecting a usable implant from the plurality of optimal dental implants; calculating first deviations between first parameters of the optimized implant site and first parameters of the usable implant; calculating second deviations between second parameters of the optimal dental implants not selected as usable implants and first parameters of the optimized implant site; calculating real optimized parameters of the optimized implant site as a combined function of first deviations and second deviations.

Abstract: A NOx generation amount control device includes: a cumulative amount calculating part calculating a cumulative NOx amount obtained by adding together a plurality of NOx exhaust amounts calculated for each prescribed time interval; a specifying part specifying a target value of the cumulative NOx amount associated with a movement distance of a moving body or an output value of an engine; an estimating part estimating a predicted NOx amount indicating a predicted cumulative NOx amount based on a rotation speed of the engine and a fuel injection amount; a judging part judging whether the sum of the predicted NOx amount and the cumulative NOx amount exceeds the target value; and a determining part determining a scheduled NOx exhaust amount and determining at least one of an opening degree of the EGR valve and an opening degree of a turbocharger.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for performing reactions, where the system comprises a plurality of synthesisers that are in communication via a communal reporting platform. A synthesiser is programmed for the automated synthesis of one or more chemical or biological reactions, and the synthesiser comprises a reaction vessel which is supplied by a reagent delivery system, an analytical system for analysing a reaction, and a controller for managing the reagent delivery system and the analytical system, and for communication with the reporting platform. Also provided are methods for performing a plurality or reactions using the system.

Abstract: In a general aspect, hybrid quantum/classical algorithms are executed in a computing system. A first set of values representing a measurement of a reduced density matrix (RDM) is obtained. The first set of values is based on sampling quantum states generated by a quantum processor. A classical processor generates a second, different set of values to represent the measurement of the RDM. The second set of values is constructed based on the first set of values by a process that imposes one or more n-representability conditions on the second set of values to represent the measurement of the RDM.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining treatment effects of a randomized control trial (RCT) in accordance with embodiments of the invention are illustrated. One embodiment includes a method for determining treatment effects. The method includes steps for receiving data from a RCT, generating result data using a set of one or more generative models, and determining treatment effects for the RCT using the generated result data.

Abstract: A radiation therapy apparatus of an embodiment allows radiation to be applied while rotating a gantry and controls irradiation and stop of the radiation during the rotation of the gantry based on respiration of a treatment subject, and includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry detects the respiration of the treatment subject. The processing circuitry predicts an administration dose based on a respiratory phase range in which the radiation is applied in the respiration of the treatment subject, and changes at least one or both of a dose rate of the radiation to be applied to the treatment subject and a rotation speed of the gantry so that the administration dose reaches a target dose. The processing circuitry performs control according to the change with respect to at least one or both of the dose rate of the radiation and the rotation speed of the gantry.

Abstract: Presented herein are techniques for identifying and/or validating sequence variants in genomic sequence data. The techniques include generating an error rate reflective of sequence errors present in the genomic sequence data. The error rate may be used to validate potential sequence variants. The error rate may be based on errors identified during consensus sequence confirmation for sequence reads associated with individual unique molecular identifiers.