Abstract: The present invention features a stalking simulator and system that allows an individual to create a real-life stalking situation, wherein the individual may practice stalking skills. The stalking simulator comprises a live environment created and defined by the positioning and adjustable sensing range of one or more sensors. A target reference is utilized, which serves as the stalking target for the individual. Each of the elements of the stalking simulator and system are controlled by a control box, which is operably connected to each of the components therein. The stalking simulator is intended for use by hunters, but may also be used by various military and/or police personnel.

Abstract: Molecular modeling is performed using atomic parameters which include an anisotropic dipole polarizability tensor. Permanent atomic multipole parameters may also be included in the model. Energy evaluations including contributions from polarization energy and multipole interactions may be conducted which are useful in characterizing molecular properties for drug discovery, materials evaluation, and other applications.

Abstract: A radiation exposure region to be irradiated with particle beams and a peripheral region thereof are respectively divided into pluralities of exposure regions, radiation treatment simulation for applying particle beams according to the shape of each divided exposure region is performed, and a radiation treatment condition is obtained for causing the flatness of the radiation exposure region to be in a desired range, and a dose of particle beams applied to the unit exposure region of the peripheral region to be minimum. Thus, the problem of low efficiency of radiation is solved.

Abstract: A method for controlled-amplitude prestack time migration of seismic data traces. According to the inventive method, common-offset gathers of the prestack seismic data traces are 3-D Fourier transformed from the space-time domain to a preselected alternate data domain, such as the frequency-wavenumber domain, the wavenumber-time domain, or the slant-stack domain. A migration operator that substantially preserves the seismic amplitudes of the original data traces is computed in the {right arrow over (p)}−z domain. This migration operator is applied to the transformed data traces in the alternate data domain, an imaging condition is applied, and the resulting migrated data traces are then transformed back to the space domain.

Abstract: A software plant process modeling system operates in multiple modes. The software system uses process unit models. A process unit model includes at least one equation and at least one variable. The software system sets a status of a variable in the unit model to a first state. The first state is associated with a first mode of operation. The software system then sets the status of the same variable in the unit model to a second state. The second state is associated with a second mode of operation. The software system generates an open-equation model in operating in multiple modes. The software system receives a modification to at least one process unit model. Thus, a user may create a single plant process model for operation in multiple modes.

Abstract: Method intended to obtain reflection travel times from an interpretation of seismic data in migrated cylindrical waves, for a given value of the parameter defining the slope of these waves, or the superposition of such data associated with various substantially parallel acquisition lines, this parameter possibly taking successively several values.

Abstract: A force display master interface is provided for interaction with teleoperated robotic slave manipulators or virtual slave entities. The device provides a de-coupled actuator that permits selective engagement between the actuator and the fingertip. A method for high speed control of force display masters is disclosed, which includes determination of a pre-contact state of the slave entity and an object in the slave environment. Operation on the pre-contact state information is used to pre-position the actuator into an appropriate position to represent the contact to the operator, before slave contact is made. In one embodiment, the force display master provides a hand mounted linkage assembly, in combination with a remote control assembly that measures fingertip motion and selectively provides resistance thereto. In another embodiment the invention includes general linkage-actuator arrangements that can be used singly or in combination to provide a variety of master interface devices.

Abstract: Seismic facies are identified in a volume of seismic data, wherein, first, a plurality of initial textural attributes representative of the volume of seismic data are calculated. Next, a probabilistic neural network is constructed from the calculated initial textural attributes. Then, final textural attributes are calculated throughout the volume of seismic data. Finally, the calculated final textural attributes are classified using the constructed probabilistic neural network.

Abstract: A 2D inversion of true formation resistivity from dual laterolog tool measurements is accomplished using a pre-calculated look-up table. An initial earth model is derived and divided into intervals. A 2D tool response is calculated in each interval using the earth model. Matching is checked between the calculated 2D tool response and the tool measurements. The following steps are iterated until the match is satisfactory. A 1D radial tool response is derived in each interval using the pre-calculated look-up table. Shoulder bed effects are approximated in each interval by subtracting the 1D radial tool response from the 2D tool response. A non-linear least square optimization is applied at boundaries of the intervals and local maximum and minimum values in the intervals to update the earth model.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a device which is inert and “thermally-equivalent” to actual ordnance. The device can travel with live ordnance and track the propellant temperatures in order to get a more precise propellant temperature for the ordnance. The device comprises a thermally equivalent inert grain instrumented with thermocouples, connected to a data recorder, and packaged in scaled-down ordnance hardware. The hardware is scaled down to enable the device to more easily travel with live munitions.

Abstract: In an apparatus and method for remote ultrasonic determination of thin material properties using signal correlation, a method and apparatus are provided by which an arbitrarily-oriented anisotropic thin material may be interrogated for characterizing an unknown material property value thereof. The unknown material property may comprise for example temperature, pressure, elastic constants, density, hardness, composition, crystal orientation, grain size, and residual stress, or any material property that is variable with respect to known physical parameters of the material, for example known material elastic constants and/or density. In a first embodiment, theoretical signals are generated, for example a theoretical signal matrix, to characterize a material property value of a thin anisotropic material. A model of the thin material is generated comprising the behavior of the known material physical properties as functions of the unknown material property value to be characterized.

Abstract: The invention relates to Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) systems. It concerns a new methodology to predict (1) the acoustic radiation characteristics of a mechanical structure, under operational conditions, and (2) to identify the sources on a vibrating structure from measured sound pressure levels in the field. The methodology is based on a new approach to evaluate acoustic transfer vectors (ATV), based on the reciprocity principle and combined with interpolation techniques. The same methods are applicable to other vibrating energy forms which can be described by the wave equation such as electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: A set of worst-case device model files is provided for a production process used to mass-produce integrated circuits having a plurality of primitive device model types. A statistical device model for the production process is derived directly from the worst-case files.

Abstract: A method for operating a computer to determine the electrical characteristics of a passive planar structure. The method starts by defining a first mesh on the structure. The first mesh divides the structure into polygons. A surface current is defined in the structure as a first weighted sum of a first set of basis functions. The weights of the first basis functions in the first weighted sum are calculated by solving Maxwell's equations. The mesh is then refined by dividing each polygon into a plurality of sub-polygons. The surface current in the sub-polygons is defined as a second weighted sum of a second set of basis functions. The second set of basis functions includes the first set of basis functions and a plurality of extension basis functions representing the additional degrees of freedom introduced by the refined mesh.

Abstract: A computer analyzes a process for fabricating a plurality of semiconductor wafers. The process has a plurality of processing steps, performed on various fabrication machines. The program is knowledge based, and is trained using training data, which may be generated by a simulator. A decision tree is generated, based on the training data. A plurality of input data representing characteristics of the semiconductor wafers are extracted. A first order pattern in any of the processing steps is identified using a decision tree, based on the input data. A plurality of probability distribution functions are formed for each characteristic. Each distribution function identifies a probability that a particular type of order pattern is present. A threshold is based on the plurality of probability distribution functions. A second order pattern in any of the processing steps is identified by comparing the data representing characteristics to the threshold.

Abstract: A simple mathematical model, given below, is constructed on the premise that reflected light other than light reflected at a metal surface is quantitatively taken into consideration the device to which the present invention is applied is a multilayer structure with a refractive index difference, so that only one reflection at an interface other than the metal surface can be taken into account that is, two or more reflections can be neglected. Further the concept of localized light emitting surfaces is extended to a non-localized model. The below simple mathematical model is used to treat reflected wave components so that an accurate simulation can be run.

Abstract: A method is provided for generating a quadrilateral mesh and a hexahedral mesh. First, a geometric model, which is an object of meshing, is input. The model is either two-dimensional or three-dimensional. Multiple bubbles of a plurality of types are generated in a region of the geometric model. The bubbles are moved according to an interbubble force defined by a predetermined rule, and the bubble count is controlled to adjust a neighboring relationship between the bubbles, so that the stable allocation of the bubbles are determined. By connecting the centers of bubbles of a specific type, a mesh is generated.

Abstract: A semiconductor device simulator having a grid generator, a quasi-Fermi potential setting unit, a bias setting unit, a coefficient matrix and residual vector setting unit and a matrix calculator is disclosed. A grid generator defines a finite number of grid points inside and around a semiconductor device, and generates a plurality of grids. A quasi-Fermi potential setting unit sets said linear quasi-Fermi potentials, which is linearly changing, at each section inside the generated grid. A bias setting unit defines the terminal bias to be applied to predetermined electrode regions. A coefficient matrix and residual vector setting unit obtains carrier concentration inside each grid from the quasi-Fermi potential, and sets coefficient matrix/residual vector for the basic equations. A matrix calculator calculates this coefficient matrix, and accordingly obtains the solution for the Poisson's equation and the carrier continuity equations to obtain the device behavior.

Abstract: Electrodynamically determined electric field and/or current distributions are employed in conjunction with statically determined electric field distributions localized to metalization structures on a conductive substrate to model metal structures to be fabricated on a substrate. Specifically, the static electric field distributions are subtracted from the electrodynamic field distributions and the results are used to determine the electrodynamic component of self and mutual interactions between metalization structures to be fabricated on the conductive substrate. Then, statically determined current interactions of the metalization structures to be fabricated are determined and superimposed on the electrodynamic interactions. The results of the superimposition are used to generate the overall integrated circuit metal structure to be fabricated on the conductive substrate.

Abstract: The single scatter Monte Carlo code CREEP models precise microscopic interactions of electrons with matter to enhance physical understanding of radiation sciences. It is designed to simulate electrons in any medium, including materials important for biological studies. It simulates each interaction individually by sampling from a library which contains accurate information over a broad range of energies.

Abstract: An aerial image produced by a mask having transmissive portions is simulated by dividing the transmissive portions of the mask into primitive elements, obtaining a response for each of the primitive elements, and then simulating the aerial image by combining the responses over all of the primitive elements.

Abstract: FALCON is a method for automatic multivariable optimization for arbitrary assessment criteria that can be applied to numerous fields where outcome simulation is combined with optimization and assessment criteria. A specific implementation of FALCON is for automatic radiation therapy treatment planning. In this application, FALCON implements dose calculations into the planning process and optimizes available beam delivery modifier parameters to determine the treatment plan that best meets clinical decision-making criteria. FALCON is described in the context of the optimization of external-beam radiation therapy and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), but the concepts could also be applied to internal (brachytherapy) radiotherapy. The radiation beams could consist of photons or any charged or uncharged particles. The concept of optimizing source distributions can be applied to complex radiography (e.g.

Abstract: A method, computer system, and computer program for analyzing geological data sampled from a subsurface region and an analysis of the geological data stored in a geoscience model on a magnetic media, including building a simulation input model from the geoscience model. Data is acquired and interpreted to produce a geoscience model. A boundary is constructed for dividing the region into a first sub-region and a second sub-region; storing on the magnetic media the shape of the boundary as a parametric function whose parameter density can vary. A subsurface region divided into sub-regions, in each of which a material property varies without discontinuities.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for the generation of virtual libraries of compounds. These compounds are generated in silico. The present invention encompasses methods for tracking the addition of fragments, use of reagents, and transformations performed. Further, methods for interfacing the information necessary to generate libraries of compounds with instrumentation that conducts the actual synthesis of the compounds are provided. Also provided are methods for the in silico docking of the library compounds to identified target molecules of interest.

Abstract: The coder/decoder (codec) system of the present invention includes a coder and a decoder. The coder includes a multi-resolution transform processor, such as a modulated lapped transform (MLT) transform processor, a weighting processor, a uniform quantizer, a masking threshold spectrum processor, an entropy encoder, and a communication device, such as a multiplexor (MUX) for multiplexing (combining) signals received from the above components for transmission over a single medium. The decoder comprises inverse components of the encoder, such as an inverse multi-resolution transform processor, an inverse weighting processor, an inverse uniform quantizer, an inverse masking threshold spectrum processor, an inverse entropy encoder, and an inverse MUX. With these components, the present invention is capable of performing resolution switching, spectral weighting, digital encoding, and parametric modeling.

Abstract: A method of simulating aerial images of large mask areas obtained during the exposure step of a photo-lithographic process when fabricating a semiconductor integrated circuit silicon wafer is described. The method includes the steps of defining mask patterns to be projected by the exposure system to create images of the mask patterns; determining an appropriate sampling range and sampling interval; generating a characteristic matrix describing the exposure system; inverting the matrix to obtain eigenvalues as well as the eigenvectors (or kernels) representing the decomposition of the exposure system; convolving the mask patterns with these eigenvectors; and weighing the resulting convolution by the eigenvalues to form the aerial images. The method is characterized in that the characteristic matrix is precisely defined by the sampling range and the sampling interval, such that the sampling range is the shortest possible and the sampling interval, the largest possible, without sacrificing accuracy.

Abstract: A method for the simulation of responses of a nonlinear amplifier provides for measuring characteristics of nonlinearity of amplitude and of amplitude/phase-shift conversion of the amplifier, each measurement being made at an amplitude that is constant in input. The method further includes measuring the characteristics at different frequencies, developing the characteristics in sequences of direct transfer functions, computing frequency correctors for the direct transfer functions, measuring characteristics of distortion of amplitude modulation, each measurement being performed by modulating the input amplitude, computing modulation transfer functions reproducing the distortion amplitudes at output according to the input modulation amplitudes and correcting the direct transfer functions when the input amplitude is modulated in order to simulate the envelope memory effect. There is a direct application of the invention to the field of the simulation of high efficiency microwave amplification.

Abstract: A method for analyzing behavior of a structure made of a micro-inhomogeneous material, whose micro-structure includes plural constituent materials, and for optimally designing the micro-structure, uses a unified procedure of a molecular simulation method and a homogenization analysis.

Abstract: A computer software program simulates a communication network using network characteristic information provided by communication network designers. When a network designer selects a particular location within the network, the software consults the network characteristic information to predict a signal attribute of a simulated signal received at the selected location. The predicted attribute is used to modify a template signal to produce a simulated output signal, and the simulated output signal is presented for consideration by the network designers.

Abstract: An electromagnetic field intensity computing apparatus for computing electromagnetic field intensity of an electric circuit device in a moment method obtains according to the electric current distribution an electric current of a ground layer and models a transmission line, ground layer, dielectric portion, etc. to be analyzed. When a plate to be analyzed is divided into a plurality of patches, the regularity in given structure data is automatically extracted to compute the mutual impedance among a portion of patches and apply the computation result to other portions. When elements to be analyzed meet the conditions that the electric length of the elements is short and the elements are distant from each other, the mutual impedance can be computed in an approximation obtained under various conditions. Furthermore, approximating a portion near a pigtail portion of a coaxial cable using a polygon allows a vertical electric current to be properly connected to each unit.

Abstract: An electromagnetic field intensity computing apparatus for computing electromagnetic field intensity of an electric circuit device in a moment method obtains according to the electric current distribution an electric current of a ground layer and models a transmission line, ground layer, dielectric portion, etc. to be analyzed. When a plate to be analyzed is divided into a plurality of patches, the regularity in given structure data is automatically extracted to compute the mutual impedance among a portion of patches and apply the computation result to other portions. When elements to be analyzed meet the conditions that the electric length of the elements is short and the elements are distant from each other, the mutual impedance can be computed in an approximation obtained under various conditions. Furthermore, approximating a portion near a pigtail portion of a coaxial cable using a polygon allows a vertical electric current to be properly connected to each unit.

Abstract: A method for efficiently storing quantities used by the Fast Multipole Method (FMM) to perform field calculations is disclosed. This method takes advantage of the level structure used by the FMM. The disclosed method selects a particular level and, for each group in that level, calculates interactions with all far groups. The disclosed method does not repeat calculations for interaction of a similar distance for the same level. Rather, it references calculations previously made for the similar interaction, thereby eliminating the calculation and storage of information that is the same as information previously calculated and stored.

Abstract: Conformal meshing is a technique for selecting basis functions such that an accurate representation of the actual current distribution is realized with only a few subsections. This invention relates to conformal meshing, which allows a circuit to be analyzed with an error corresponding to a very small cell size while maintaining the speed normally seen when using a large cell size. Conformal meshing in accordance with this invention bends the subsection to fit the edge of the metal. The current distribution in the subsection is also modified by the introduction of strings, as will be described in more detail later, to accurately represent the high edge current caused by the edge effect. This represents a considerable improvement over existing meshing techniques.

Abstract: A simulation method is provided, which makes it possible to simulate diffusion of doped impurity in Si and SiO.sub.2 in consideration of the pileup phenomenon of the doped impurity without using any intermediate layer. In the step (a), a mesh having mesh points is configured on a simulated zone including a SiO.sub.2 region and a Si region contracted therewith, thereby partitioning the simulated zone into domains. A first one of the mesh points is located in a SiO.sub.2 region. A second one of the mesh points is located in a Si region. A third one of the mesh points is located at an interface of the SiO.sub.2 and Si regions. The third one of the mesh points serves as a double mesh point having first and second impurity concentrations. The first impurity concentration represents a general impurity concentration of a first one of the domains located in the SiO.sub.2 region and adjacent to the interface of the SiO.sub.2 and Si regions.

Abstract: A piecewise continuous-time dynamic control method and apparatus for optimizing remediation of groundwater is disclosed. The piece-wise continuous control process is used to generate efficient designs for rededication systems based on differentiable groundwater models. The remediation strategies generated are characterized by piece-wise continuous functions of time which dictate the operation of remediation devices. The piece-wise continuous functions may change discontinuity at the end of each management period, or optionally, a finite number of times during each management period. The duration and number of management periods covering a groundwater cleanup may be selected by the user of the invention to maximize the contamination removal efficiency and reflect the mechanical limitations of the specific rededication devices chosen.

Abstract: A method of simulating an impact ionization phenomenon of a semiconductor device, by which an electric characteristic concerning the impact ionization phenomenon of the semiconductor device is obtained by setting a mesh in a space and by solving a Poisson equation, an electron current continuity equation and a hole current continuity equation which are discretized by what is called a control volume method. Further, regarding a current density defined on a mesh edge connecting adjacent mesh points, different values are used as an evaluation value of the current density at an upstream side, at which a carrier is cased to drift, and an evaluation value of the current density at a downstream side, respectively.

Abstract: Method and apparatus provides for simulating digital holographic data on a desktop computer. In one aspect, an approximation of substantially accurate pixel intensities is achieved by collapsing three-dimensional data onto a two-dimensional view, without the need for constructing complex summations of fringe patterns. A power function is applied to each voxels in the data set. The values for a particular x, y coordinate are then summed along the z axis, with the resultant sum value being stored in a sum buffer for all values of x and y. The maximum value of the sum buffer is determined, then the sum buffer values are normalized by this maximum value. Finally, an inverse power function is applied to the normalized sum, then the results are scaled over the range of values of the output buffer. Consequently, the operator is able to view in real time, simulations of a single view of a hologram created from the selected parameters.

Abstract: A computer system whereby the user selects any combination of hazards and buildings which are of interest in modeling and simulating potential explosions. The software of the present invention automatically calculates distance and orientation of various building surfaces from the hazard, and accounts for side-on and reflected loads based on the orientation. The user is then provided with the pressure-impulse diagrams (P-i diagrams) where the software determines the damage expected for each building component. The results are displayed in a table which gives the applied blast load and damage level for each component on each building surface.

Abstract: A Flogrid Simulation Gridding Program includes a Flogrid structured gridder. The structured gridder includes a structured areal gridder and a block gridder. The structured areal gridder will build an areal grid on an uppermost horizon of an earth formation by performing the following steps: (1) building a boundary enclosing one or more fault intersection lines on the horizon, and building a triangulation that absorbs the boundary and the faults; (2) building a vector field on the triangulation; (3) building a web of control lines and additional lines inside the boundary which have a direction that corresponds to the direction of the vector field on the triangulation, thereby producing an areal grid; and (4) post-processing the areal grid so that the control lines and additional lines are equi-spaced or smoothly distributed. The block gridder of the structured gridder will drop coordinate lines down from the nodes of the areal grid to complete the construction of a three dimensional structured grid.

Abstract: A method is provided for simulating fluid flow within a three dimensional object having first and second generally opposed surfaces. The method includes: matching each element of the first surface with an element of the second surface between which a reasonable thickness may be defined, wherein matched elements of the first surface constitute a first set of matched elements and matched elements of the second surface constitute a second set of matched elements, specifying a fluid injection point, and performing a flow analysis using each set of the matched elements. In this way, the injection point is linked to all locations on the first and second surfaces from which flow may emanate such that resulting flow fronts along the first and second surfaces are synchronized.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for calculating parasitic capacitance between conductors of an integrated circuit. A physical structure which includes a conductive wire within an integrated circuit is considered. Limiting cases of the structure are then selected to simplify the derivation of an accurate parasitic capacitance expression. The limiting cases are simplified and structural variables may be combined, so as to reduce the data set necessary to extract or interpolate an expression for calculating the parasitic capacitance for each of the limiting cases. A second set of limiting cases, representing simplified physical structures, is then chosen. Again, simplification techniques are used to simplify each of the original limiting cases. The is simplified limiting case expressions are combined to derive a more generalized relationship where capacitance is a function of a reduced number of parameters.

Abstract: A layered structure is divided into a plurality of regions. Transmission line equivalents (Green's functions) in the spectral domain are formed between all regions within the layered structure. The spectral domain Greens' function are converted to the spatial domain using a near field and a far field computed for those regions part of a component within the layered structure. The far field is extracted from a compressed database computed from the transmission line equivalents and descriptive of the layered structure. The near field is computed using a prioritization mechanism. Priority is assigned in accordance with the amplitude of a source and the length of the path between regions of interest.Once the physical characteristics of the layers used in the fabrication process of the IC are identified, the database used for computation of the far field is compiled and compressed, and remains unchanged for each new parameter extraction.

Abstract: A method of fast clipping, despite of large number of users, can be achieved through analyzing query expressions, storing the number of query terms included in the query expressions in a term number count table, generating a finite automaton for matching the terms occurring in text data with all terms included in the query expressions, generating a user identifier table for storing the identifiers of users in association with the terms included in the query expressions, matching the terms by scanning the text data by the finite automaton, calculating for each user the occurrence count of terms occurring in the text data as substrings coincident with the terms included in the query expressions made to the user identifier table, storing the calculated occurrence count in the term occurrence count region of the table, comparing the calculated term occurrence count of the table with the number of terms included the query expressions, and when a match is found from the comparison, delivering the text data to the u