Abstract: Tracking and counting wheeled transportation apparatuses is disclosed. Initially, three or more first images are received from a first camera having a first field of view, where the three or more first images show multiple wheeled transportation apparatuses traversing a portion of a roadway. Next, first and second static characteristics and first and second dynamic characteristics of a first of the multiple wheeled transportation apparatuses are determined. It is then determined that the second static characteristic is approximately equal to the first static characteristic and that the second dynamic characteristic is approximately equal to the first dynamic characteristic. Next, it is determined that the first wheeled transportation apparatus is traversing the portion of the roadway based on the comparisons. A count of the number of wheeled transportation apparatuses traversing the portion of the roadway is then incremented. Finally, the count is indicated.

Abstract: The Toll App uses the user's smart phone to determine when the user crosses a toll zone. The app then automatically makes the correct payment for using the toll zone. The Toll App uses the phone's storage media to store toll zones defined on a web site by the toll operator. The Toll App uses the user's payment vehicle such as a credit card to make the payment. The Toll App web site provides a user interface for the toll operator to create and store toll zones on a database and those toll zones are sent to the storage media on the user's phone.

Abstract: A method of establishing wireless communications between an interrogator and individual ones of multiple wireless identification devices, the method comprising combining tree search and Aloha methods to establish communications between the interrogator and individual ones of the multiple wireless identification devices without collision. A system comprising an interrogator, and a plurality of wireless identification devices configured to communicate with the interrogator In a wireless fashion, the respective wireless identification devices having a unique identification number, the interrogator being configured to employ tree search and Aloha techniques to determine the unique identification numbers of the different wireless identification devices so as to be able to establish communications between the interrogator identification and individual devices without ones of the multiple wireless collision by multiple wireless identification devices attempting to respond to the interrogator at the same time.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to systems and methods for real-time auditing and management of parking facility operations. In particular, the invention allows for real-time auditing and management of transactions relating to parking credentials, such as parking tickets. The systems and methods eliminate the costly overhead of manual auditing, and also provide enhanced capabilities to further reduce both unintentional and intentional loses of revenue. The systems and method allow for “real-time” data analysis and offer the potential to catch discrepancies virtually instantly, and can provide alerts immediately for any identified discrepancies. The present invention is also directed, in part, to systems, methods, and components for monitoring a parking facility. The method and system include the use of parking tickets that are configured to receive multiple two-dimensional bar codes.

Abstract: A method is provided for charging a user for parking a vehicle in a chargeable parking facility. Signals are received from at least one signal source at a receiver disposed within the vehicle. Using the received signals, an approximate path of travel of the vehicle is identified and it is determined whether the vehicle's approximate path of travel crosses a geofence associated with at least one boundary region of the chargeable parking facility. If the vehicle's approximate path of travel crosses the geofence, it is determined, with a degree of certainty, whether a park point approximating a location where the vehicle has come to rest lies inside the chargeable parking facility. If the park point is determined to lie inside the chargeable parking facility, the park point is associated with a charge, and the charge is assessed to the user.

Abstract: A method and system for managing driving patterns by charging a variable incentive and/or disincentive based on individual driving behaviors. Distances detected between a vehicle and other vehicles are detected within a time period. N tailgating incidents are identified based on the detected distances being less than a threshold value for distance. A variable toll is determined by evaluating a function of a base amount and N. The driver of the vehicle is charged the variable toll. Charging the variable toll provides an incentive to the driver to encourage driving that does not include tailgating or a disincentive to the driver to deter tailgating.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for parking lot metering. The present invention allows multi-space meters to separately manage and control premium parking spaces, such as those for charging electric vehicles or those which supply electric power for engine block heaters in both pay-by-space and pay-an-display systems. Such premium spaces can be managed together over large areas (e.g., a city or region), or may be managed over smaller areas (e.g., the domain of an individual kiosk), or individually per parking space. Management includes pricing, time limits, hours, seasons of operation, and restrictions by vehicle type, and alternative pricing and restrictions for non-premium hours.

Abstract: Described embodiments provide a system and method for a global transit card service. The method may include receiving a global transit card service request from user equipment, where the global transit card service request includes information on a domestic transit card. The method may include transmitting information on an international transit card number for a target roaming area and information on a remaining balance in a foreign currency unit of the target roaming area to the user equipment. The information on the international transit card number of the target roaming area and the remaining balance in the foreign currency unit of the target area may be stored in an international transit card applet included in the user equipment.

Abstract: An RFID-based system and method is disclosed which translates discrepant frequencies and protocols, for seamless communication across disparate devices. Any legal frequency is accepted, information transmitted in that frequency is translated then saved in allocated memory accessible to the other side, which receives and processes the information with an appropriate reader-equipped device such as cellphone, handheld device, or computer. HF for Near-Field Communication may be used as one frequency protocol, but is not limiting. A unique aspect is ability to power the translator at short range using the reader's field, eliminating a battery. A plurality of microcontrollers/memory modules is used. Microcontrollers receive information from one frequency interface by reading shared memory, then communicate to the other frequency interface by writing to its shared memory and signaling the presence of data.

Abstract: A central monitoring station is linked to a plurality of remote terminals, such as payment terminals at a plurality of parking facilities. A two-way communication system enables communication between a customer who is remote from the central monitoring station and an attendant at the central monitoring station. The communication system may also allow the attendant to manipulate each remote terminal to collect data or troubleshoot or override the function of the terminal.

Abstract: A parking lot management system and method may include capturing image data and time of entry of a vehicle entering the parking lot and transmitting the image data and time data to a remote networked computer system. A vehicle identification is determined from the image data. Time and image data of the vehicle exiting the parking lot is determined and transmitting the remote networked computer system. A parking violation is determined due to a parking time period expiring without the vehicle exiting the lot prior the parking period expiring. A violation notice is communicated to the person associated with the vehicle identified to be in violation. A parking kiosk adjacent the parking lot can be provided. The kiosk is coupled to the remote networked computer system and is configured to set parking time, calculate payment and receive payment.

Abstract: A wireless transmitter using Wi-Fi or long range Bluetooth wireless devices for emitting a signal including one of the vehicle ID or the VIN. The signal is received by one or more deployed RF receivers. The received data can be utilized to aid an individual in locating a parking location of a specific vehicle, for use in recognizing the vehicle for passage through a tollway, a gate, or any other controlled passageway. The system is capable of operating either indoors or outdoors. The one of the vehicle ID or the VIN obtained through the emitted signal from the vehicle RF device can be associated with a payment account for payment of tolls, parking, etc. Receipt and decoding of the vehicle ID or the VIN can additionally be used to initiate telematics or other applications using an association with the vehicle identifier.

Abstract: A parking meter includes a housing, processor, memory, network interface, graphical user interface, first camera disposed in the housing and facing outward from the first side of the housing, microphone, speaker, second camera disposed in the housing and facing outward from the housing towards a parking space, a status light, and a payment acceptor. The meter is configured to sense a vehicle's presence in the parking space, capture an identification of the vehicle, transmit the identification to a remote networked computer system, determine that a parking violation has occurred, transmit the notice to the remote computer system, accept payment of fines, transmit notice of fine payment to the remote computer system, transmit a time of the vehicle's exit from the first parking space to the remote computer system via the network interface, and reset the parking time period to zero upon the vehicle's exit from the parking space.

Abstract: Methods are described for charging fees in a road toll system. An on-board unit identification is input into a toll terminal to generate a transaction identification. The transaction identification is transmitted to a transaction server, and from the server to a transaction terminal. A payment card identification is input into the transaction terminal, and is transmitted with the transaction identification to the server. A substitute identification, generated in the transaction server and associated with the card identification, and the transaction identification are transmitted from the transaction server to the toll terminal. The on-board unit identification and substitute identification, associated by the transaction identification, are transmitted from the toll terminal to a toll server.

Abstract: Provided is a transit management server, system and method for managing transit fares for a transportation system. The method includes selecting, in a transit management server, at least one fare module according to a transit fare policy, the at least one fare module corresponding to a prescribed category of fare and configured to determine a fare based on the prescribed category, setting, in the transit management server, at least one parameter in the selected fare module, and transmitting, from the transit management server to at least one terminal communicatively coupled to the transit management server, the set parameter to update a corresponding fare module in the at least one terminal according to the transit fare policy.

Abstract: Tracking vehicles is disclosed. Initially, two or more first images from a first camera having a first field of view are received. Next, a first static characteristic and a first dynamic characteristic of a first vehicle are determined based on the two or more first images. Next, two or more second images from a second camera having a second field of view are received. A second static characteristic and a second dynamic characteristic of the first vehicle are determined based on the two or more second images. The first characteristics and the second characteristics are compared to determine that the second characteristics are approximately equal to the first characteristics of the first vehicle. Finally, it is indicated that the first vehicle is present in the second field of view of the second camera.

Abstract: A parking locator system providing variably priced parking includes one or more parking sensors and one or more parking kiosks. The parking sensors may generate parking information identifying one or more occupied parking spaces and one or more unoccupied parking spaces within a vicinity. Promotion information including one or more discounts to parking fees may be received at the parking kiosks. The parking kiosks may display the discounted parking fees and receive payment of the same. The discounts to parking fees may expire at particular times. The size of the discounts may be set based on traffic congestion, which may be determined based on the number of occupied parking spaces within the vicinity.

Abstract: A parking management system including a server, a plurality of mobile parking management devices mounted in cars, an plurality of parking area parking control devices mounted in a parking areas, and a plurality of portable parking control devices used by parking attendants, all communicating via one or more wireless networks. Upon request, the server provides a mobile parking management device with information pertaining to parking availability and to commercial establishments offering parking payment refunds. Upon request a commercial establishments sends a parking payment refund to the server. Upon request the server bills the account associated with the mobile parking management device according to the parking fee and period of parking.

Abstract: Tracking use of a destination location is disclosed. A unique identifier of a first vehicle based on a sensor located within the first vehicle is received. Next, based on a first location of the first vehicle received based on a sensor located within the first vehicle, it is determined that the first vehicle is occupying the destination location at a second time. Next, based on a second location of the first vehicle received based on the sensor located within the first vehicle, it is determined that the first vehicle has left the destination location at a third time. Finally, it is indicated that the first vehicle began use of the destination location at the second time and that the first vehicle completed use of the destination location at the third time.

Abstract: Tracking use of a destination location is disclosed. A first unique identifier of a first vehicle is received based on a sensor located within the first vehicle. A first location of the first vehicle is determined based on a first vehicle image taken at a second time. A second location of the first vehicle is determined based on a second vehicle image taken at a third time. Finally, it is indicated that the first vehicle began use of the destination location at the second time and that the first vehicle completed use of the destination location at the third time.

Abstract: Identifying a vehicle in a toll system includes accessing image data for a first vehicle and obtaining first vehicle identifier data from the accessed image data for the first vehicle. A set of records is accessed. Each record includes first vehicle identifier data for a vehicle. The first vehicle identifier data for the first vehicle is compared with the first vehicle identifier data for vehicles in the set of records. Based on the results of the comparison of the first vehicle identifier data, a set of vehicles is identified from the vehicles having records in the set of records. Second vehicle identifier data is accessed for the first vehicle and is compared to second vehicle identifier data for the set of vehicles in order to identify the first vehicle.

Abstract: Identifying a vehicle in a toll system includes accessing a set of toll transaction entries. Each entry in the set designates a toll transaction between a vehicle and the toll system and includes a transaction descriptor and a transaction time stamp. A series of toll transaction pictures is accessed. The series includes a plurality of pictures, each of which is associated with a picture time stamp. A toll transaction entry is identified from the set as a violation transaction entry based on the transaction descriptor. A toll transaction picture is selected from the series. The transaction time stamp of the violation transaction is compared, using a processing device, with the picture time stamp of the selected toll transaction picture. The selected toll transaction picture is identified as a violation picture corresponding to the violation transaction entry based on a result of the comparison.

Abstract: Transportation services may provide nationwide tolling interoperability. Multi-agency electronic tolling transponders each compatible with multiple tolling agencies are provided to clients. The multi-agency transponders are linked to respective accounts associated with the clients. Transponder tolling data for respective clients is obtained from the multiple tolling agencies. Payments may be sent to each agency corresponding to the clients' respective transponder tolling data and the clients may be billed based upon the transponder tolling data.

Abstract: Tracking use of a destination location is disclosed. Based on a first vehicle image showing a first vehicle, a first unique identifier of the first vehicle is determined. Next, based on a first location of the first vehicle received based on a sensor located within the first vehicle, it is determined that the first vehicle is occupying the destination location at a second time. Next, based on a second location of the first vehicle received based on the sensor located within the first vehicle, it is determined that the first vehicle has left the destination location at a third time. Finally, it is indicated that the first vehicle began use of the destination location at the second time and that the first vehicle completed use of the destination location at the third time.

Abstract: Billing tolls accumulated during a rental period comprises a third party entity, a toll authority, and a toll rental entity coupled to the third party entity and to the toll authority, wherein the third party entity sends a request for service to the toll rental entity, wherein the toll rental entity sends the request for service during the rental period to the toll authority, wherein the toll authority stores the request, wherein the toll authority sends toll data to the toll rental entity based on the request, wherein the toll rental entity sends toll rental data to the third party entity based on the toll data, and wherein the third party entity generates a bill based on the toll rental data.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer readable medium for toll service activation using an on-board unit in a third party transport comprises, a third party entity, a toll rental entity, and an on-board unit communicably coupled to the third party entity and to the toll rental entity, wherein the on-board unit, receives a position signal, initiates a toll service request, converts the position signal to a toll usage, and stores the position signal, the toll service request and the toll usage.

Abstract: Toll transaction payment processing includes accessing image data for a vehicle, the image data corresponding to at least one image of the vehicle engaging in a transaction with a toll facility. The image data is processed to determine one or more vehicle identifiers for the vehicle. A fleet vehicle company associated with the vehicle is electronically identified based on the one or more vehicle identifiers. Billing information for the transaction between the vehicle and the toll facility is electronically communicated to the fleet vehicle company.

Abstract: A method and device for determining usage of a transportation facility by a user carrying a user equipment. The transportation facility includes a vehicle having a vehicle base station associated with the vehicle, the vehicle base station providing a vehicle cell in the vehicle. The method includes detecting a first handover of the user equipment from a first cell provided by a first base station to the vehicle cell and obtaining first event data associated to the vehicle at the first handover. A second handover of the user equipment from the vehicle cell to a second cell provided by a second base station is detected and second event data associated to the vehicle at the second handover is obtained. The method further includes determining that the user has used the transportation facility if the first event data and the second event data meet at least one pre-determined criterion.

Abstract: An implementation of a system and method for processing transfer rides associated with at least one public transit network is provided. The system and method preprocess transactions to consolidate or eliminate unnecessary transactions with a financial institution clearing and settlement network.

Abstract: System and methods for determining a number of vehicle occupants based at least in part on sensor data gathered by one or more in-vehicle sensors are disclosed. The number of vehicle occupants may be determined, at least in part, by an in-vehicle system associated with the vehicle. Vehicle occupancy information indicative of the number of vehicle occupants may be transmitted to facilitate identification of one or more incentives based at least in part on the vehicle occupancy information. The incentive(s) may include a reduction in a fee associated with operation of the vehicle such as a discounted toll amount, an elimination of a fee, an incentive payment, a discount associated with a product or service offering, and so forth. A tolling system ma be provided for receiving the vehicle occupancy information and determining a toll amount based at least in part on the received information.

Abstract: Certain embodiments herein are directed to managing parking-related transactions. Such transactions may include, but are not limited to, extending an amount of time purchased for parking a vehicle in a parking space and transferring an amount of parking time between parking spaces. An authentication code may be generated in association with an initial purchase of parking time and subsequently used to facilitate parking time extensions or transfers. A parking transaction server may receive and validate requests for parking transactions, as well as send a response to a parking transaction terminal associated with a request for a parking transaction. Certain embodiments herein also relate to the parking transaction server receiving indications that vehicles have entered or exited a parking space, and based on such indications, may manage an amount of parking time remaining to optimize the amount or parking time available for parking a vehicle in a parking space.

Abstract: An upstream vehicle detection system captures images of a vehicle as it travels through a high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane or high occupancy vehicle tolling (HOT) station and generates an hypothesis as to whether the vehicle is complying with HOV or HOT rules based on image analysis. A database of historical information about various vehicles' compliance with HOV or HOT rules is consulted to determine whether the vehicle has previously been identified as a potential violator and pulled over by law enforcement as a result. If the vehicle was previously pulled over by law enforcement and determined to be complying with HOV or HOT rules (a false positive), then the violation hypothesis may be weighted in favor of not pulling the vehicle over.

Abstract: Indicating payment for use of a destination location is disclosed. First, it is determined that a vehicle has approached the destination location. In response, it is determined that that the destination location is associated with automated parking services. In response, a first activation signal is forwarded to an indicator. Next, it is determined that the vehicle is within the destination location at a first time. In response, it is determined that an account associated with the vehicle is configured to make payment for parking of the vehicle within the destination location. Then, payment for the parking of the vehicle within the destination location is activated. Finally, in response, a second activation signal that differs from the first activation signal is forwarded to the indicator.

Abstract: Tracking use of a destination location is disclosed. Based on a first vehicle image showing a first vehicle at a first location and on the first location of the first vehicle received based on a sensor located within the first vehicle, it is determined that the first vehicle is occupying the destination location at the first time. Next, based on a second vehicle image showing the first vehicle at a second location and on the second location of the first vehicle received based on the sensor located within the first vehicle, it is determined that the first vehicle has left the destination location at the second time. Finally, it is indicated that the first vehicle began use of the destination location at the first time and that the first vehicle completed use of the destination location at the second time.

Abstract: A traffic control system (100) is provided with: a road information database (101) that accumulates road information including congestion degree; a reservation fee setter (102) that refers to the accumulated road information and sets a road passage reservation fee for a user; a reservation collector (103) that collects a road passage reservation from a user for the road passage reservation fee being set; and a congestion degree predictor (104) that predicts congestion degree of a road, including a user who passes without making a road passage reservation, by using information of the collected road passage reservation. The predicted congestion degree is used for alleviating congestion of a road.

Abstract: A parking meter receives data indicative of a remote payment being completed and displays an amount of time purchased by the remote payment for a parking session. The parking meter determines an amount of time remaining in the parking session and powers down at least a portion of a meter communication subsystem subsequent to receiving the data indicative of the remote payment being completed. The parking meter wakes up the powered down portion of the communication subsystem upon determining that the amount of time remaining is below a threshold time, and can receive an indication of additional time being paid for remotely, and can update the displayed time remaining to reflect the additional time.

Abstract: An example system configured to determine a status of a parking space includes an RFID reader, and at least one RFID tag positioned at the parking space. The RFID reader interrogates the RFID tag. The RFID reader determines that the parking space is unoccupied when the RFID reader receives a response from the RFID tag. The RFID reader determines that the parking space is occupied when the RFID reader fails to receive the response from the RFID tag.

Abstract: A control method for a road toll system using vehicle-based on-board units, recording vehicles, control vehicles, cellular mobile communication networks, and switching servers, comprising: registering a recording vehicle identifier and a mobile communication network cell identifier in the switching server; selecting a cell identifier in a control vehicle and transmitting the same with a control vehicle identifier to the switching server; associating the control vehicle identifier with the recording vehicle identifier for which a cell identifier that is identical to the selected cell identifier is registered; detecting a traffic or toll violation by means of the recording vehicle and transmitting a violation data record to the switching server, determining the assigned control vehicle identifier; transmitting the violation data record to the control vehicle identified by the determined identifier; and processing the violation data record in the control vehicle.

Abstract: A parking meter receives data indicative of a remote payment being completed and displays an amount of time purchased by the remote payment for a parking session. The parking meter determines an amount of time remaining in the parking session and powers down at least a portion of a meter communication subsystem subsequent to receiving the data indicative of the remote payment being completed. The parking meter wakes up the powered down portion of the communication subsystem upon determining that the amount of time remaining is below a threshold time, and can receive an indication of additional time being paid for remotely, and can update the displayed time remaining to reflect the additional time.

Abstract: A computer-implemented system and method for offering commercial parking reservations through flexible loading zones is provided. Motor vehicle parking spaces located in a business district are managed through a server. Smart parking devices, vehicle occupancy sensors, and parking availability indicators are interfaced to the server. Use of the parking spaces as a loading zone is reserved. A reservation request from a business is accepted. The business is confirmed as eligible. The request is granted, provided the requested parking space is available over any other reservations. Use of the loading zone is managed. The parking availability indicator is activated contemporaneous to the reservation period. Occupancy of the requested parking space is sensed through the nearest vehicle occupancy sensor. An identity of a driver is verified through the nearest smart parking device. The use of the reserved parking space is permitted upon matching the driver's identity to the business.

Abstract: An approach is provided for indirectly connecting a customer's mobile smart device to a point of sale computer located at a business when the customer is making a purchase at the business. The customer's mobile smart device and the POS computer communicate over the Internet with a customer interaction manager executing on an Internet server. This provides an easy to use interface for the customer and allows the customer to receive information and send requests to the business without having to wait for personnel working at the business to be available.

Abstract: Billing tolls accumulated during a rental period comprises a third party entity, a toll authority, and a toll rental entity coupled to the third party entity and to the toll authority, wherein the third party entity sends a request for service to the toll rental entity, wherein the toll rental entity sends the request for service during the rental period to the toll authority, wherein the toll authority stores the request, wherein the toll authority sends toll data to the toll rental entity based on the request, wherein the toll rental entity sends toll rental data to the third party entity based on the toll data, and wherein the third party entity generates a bill based on the toll rental data.

Abstract: A server device may receive parking information that identifies a first plurality of parking spots, within a parking structure, that are available for parking, and a second plurality of parking spots, within the parking structure, that are unavailable for parking; store the parking information in association with information identifying the parking structure; receive, from a user device, a request for parking information associated with the parking structure; populate, in response to the request, a visual representation of the parking structure with the parking information, where the visual representation of the parking structure identifies the first plurality of parking spots and the second plurality of parking spots; and transmit the visual representation of the parking structure to the user device to assist a user, of the user device, in locating one of the first plurality of parking spots.

Abstract: A method of operating a prepaid taxi service comprising: purchasing a prepaid card, wherein the prepaid card has a removable section; calling a designated number associated with the prepaid card for taxi service, wherein the call is prioritized; verifying a unique identification number on the prepaid card; providing transportation for a party making the call; and providing the removable section to a taxi driver as payment.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer readable medium for toll service activation using an on-board unit in a third party transport comprises, a third party entity, a toll rental entity, and an on-board unit communicably coupled to the third party entity and to the toll rental entity, wherein the on-board unit, receives a position signal, initiates a toll service request, converts the position signal to a toll usage, and stores the position signal, the toll service request and the toll usage.

Abstract: A system and methods that account for vehicle human occupancy in parking management systems. Human throughput to an event is optimized by utilizing a smart parking guidance system based on the human occupancy of the vehicles to be parked.

Abstract: Equipment items installed on board vehicles and more particularly to a method for operating such an on-board equipment item, the method including an on-board micro software program that is executed during power-up of the on-board equipment item to achieve secure processing with the aid of sensitive security data. In particular, the method includes connecting a secure module including the sensitive security data necessary for secure processing to the on-board equipment item, and authenticating the secure module by the micro software, in such a way as to furnish the micro software with the sensitive security data for subsequent execution of the secure processing.

Abstract: Method for determining toll fees for vehicles in a road toll system including vehicle-onboard units and positionally distributed beacons capable of communicating with the onboard units via radio signals. The method includes: providing a toll fee level and a validity time frame; retrieving an identifier of the onboard unit, the toll fee level and the validity time frame from the onboard unit as a data record; resetting the toll fee level, if the validity time frame has expired; increasing the toll fee level and storing the updated data record in the onboard unit and the beacon; transmitting a request for deletion of stored data records for this identifier to other beacons; transmitting the data record from the beacon to the central station, if no deletion request for the data record arrives within the validity time frame; and deleting the data record in the beacon.

Abstract: A vehicle detection unit (VDU) is embedded beneath each of a plurality of parking spaces. Each VDU has a sensor which detects magnetic field fluctuations caused by the arrival and departure of a vehicle in the parking space. The VDU runs a vehicle detection algorithm to distinguish magnetic fluctuations caused by vehicles from “exceptional” magnetic fluctuations from other sources. The VDU also stores parameters which define notifiable vehicle space occupancy events. A processor of the VDU processes the sensor signal to determine occupancy status of the vehicle space, and compare the occupancy status of the vehicle space with the parameters in order to determine whether a notifiable event has occurred, such as a vehicle going into violation of parking restrictions. As necessary, the VDU initiates radio communications with a supervisory device, either a transient portable device such as a Parking Officer's PDA or a fixed radio node mounted within range.

Abstract: An access control system for sensing exposure to items of interest for a person associated with a unique identifier of a fare card or ticket is disclosed. The access control system includes the unique identifier, an exposure detector and a processor. The unique identifier associated with the person that is flagged when exposure is detected. The exposure detector detects exposure to items of interest by the person. The processor is coupled to the exposure detector. The message is communicated away from the processor to a remote location when the unique identifier is flagged.