Abstract: Median values for a stream of received data values in a data processing system (e.g. an image processing system) are determined. A first median value of the received data values within a first subset of data values of the received stream is determined, and intermediate data used for determining the first median value is stored. The stored intermediate data is used to determine a median value of the received data values within a second subset of data values of the received stream, wherein the second subset at least partially overlaps with the first subset. The determined median values are outputted for use in the data processing system, e.g. for further processing.

Abstract: A method for determining a median value of an array of pixels in a vision system may be performed in an efficient manner using the parallel computing capabilities of a SIMD processing engine. Each column of an array may be sorted in ascending (descending) order to form a first sorted array. Each row of the first sorted array may be sorted in ascending (descending) order to form a second sorted array. A pixel may be selected as the median value from a diagonal portion of the second sorted array, wherein the diagonal portion bisects a lower value region and a higher value region of the second sorted array.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses an information processing method and an electronic device, comprising: acquiring a first value of a first parameter by the first sensor; acquiring a second value of the first parameter by the second sensor; judging whether a difference value between the first value and the second value is larger than or equal to a first threshold or not; determining a third value based on a first algorithm, the first value and the second value, and reporting the third value as a value of the first parameter to the processing unit, when the difference value is larger than or equal to the first threshold; determining a fourth value based on a second algorithm, the first value and the second value, and reporting the fourth value as the value of the first parameter to the processing unit, when the difference value is smaller than the first threshold.

Abstract: A system for determining the median of a plurality of data values comprises a plurality of field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), a plurality of inter FPGA links, an input router, a plurality of median modules, and a plurality of output transfer modules. Each FPGA includes a plurality of configurable logic elements and configurable storage elements from which the other components are formed. The inter FPGA link allows communication from one FPGA to another. The input router receives the plurality of data values and creates a plurality of data streams. The median module receives at least one data stream, increments a plurality of counters corresponding to a single data value within the range of data values, and determines the median by accumulating the contents of each counter. The output transfer module transfers the median to an external destination along with performance statistics of the determination of the median.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for calculating representative values are provided. The apparatus includes a first calculation unit which calculates a median value and a median absolute deviation (MAD), or a mean value and a standard deviation of process condition values for each sampling point, by using the process condition values which have been measured through a sensor for the each sampling point for each sample; a second calculation unit which calculates standardized values by using the process condition values, the median value, and the median absolute deviation (MAD), or calculates standardized values by using the process condition values, the mean value, and the standard deviation; and a third calculation unit which calculates a representative value of the process condition values for the each sample based on the calculated standardized values.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a disk protrusion detection/flatness measurement circuit and a disk glide tester, in which protrusion detection and average value calculation can be performed without switching signal processing circuits of two systems, one for the protrusion detection of a disk and the other for the average value calculation with respect to a track or a sector of the disk. This also makes it possible to reduce the size of the measurement circuit. In the protrusion detection/flatness measurement circuit, a signal from a protrusion detection sensor is amplified and converted from an analog signal to a digital signal. The signal passes through a band-pass filter to obtain a digital signal with a predetermined bandwidth. Then, peak detection and average value calculation processes are applied in parallel to the obtained digital signal. Thus, pass/fail decision of the disk can be made based on the detected peak and average values.

Abstract: A method of using airport surveillance data to determine a location of a delay and an amount of time a vehicle is subjected to the delay during a movement of the vehicle between locations including obtaining a time-ordered sequence of data points representing the movement of the vehicle, creating a speed vector (sv) for each data point, replacing ground speed elements in the speed vector (sv) with a one when the ground speed element is less than a speed threshold, performing a spatial density test on each data point in a sequence of consecutive one entries, defining a starting and stopping index for a consecutive sequence of data points as a preliminary hold, determining whether to merge adjacent preliminary holds, determining a time duration of each preliminary hold and eliminating any preliminary hold having a time duration less than a predetermined time duration and outputting the results.

Abstract: A method using airport surveillance data to output a location of a delay and an amount of time a vehicle is subjected to the delay during a movement of the vehicle between two locations, the delays being observed in the surveillance data as a knot of several data points. A first method is used to identify proposed knots based on distances between individual data points within the data. A second method is used to identify proposed knots based on the speed of the vehicle. Another method can be used to separate proposed knots have been incorrectly joined together. This method performs the separation by arranging the data points into a two-dimensional grid to form clusters of grid cells having data points. The location of the individual cells is then analyzed to determine whether clusters should be separated. Each of the remaining clusters defines a hold where the vehicle is delayed.

Abstract: A method using airport surveillance data to output a location of a delay and an amount of time a vehicle is subjected to the delay during a movement of the vehicle between two locations, the delays being observed in the surveillance data as a knot of several data points. A first method is used to identify proposed knots based on distances between individual data points within the data. A second method is used to identify proposed knots based on the speed of the vehicle. Another method can be used to separate proposed knots have been incorrectly joined together. This method performs the separation by arranging the data points into a two-dimensional grid to form clusters of grid cells having data points. The location of the individual cells is then analyzed to determine whether clusters should be separated. Each of the remaining clusters defines a hold where the vehicle is delayed.

Abstract: Detection of one or more abnormal situations is performed using various statistical measures, such as a mean, a median, a standard deviation, etc. of one or more process parameters or variable measurements made by statistical process monitoring blocks within a plant. This detection is enhanced in various cases by using specialized data filters and data processing techniques, which are designed to be computationally simple and therefore are able to be applied to data collected at a high sampling rate in a field device having limited processing power. The enhanced data or measurements may be used to provided better or more accurate statistical measures of the data, may be used to trim the data to remove outliers from this data, may be used to fit this data to non-linear functions, or may be use to quickly detect the occurrence of various abnormal situations within specific plant equipment, such as distillation columns and fluid catalytic crackers.

Abstract: A circuit and design structure for a streaming digital data filter embodied in a machine readable medium, the design structure including: a data processing unit and a pointer processing unit, the data processing unit and the pointer unit connected to a control logic; the pointer processing unit consisting of n serially connected pointer processing stages from a first to a last pointer processing stage, each pointer processing stage except for the first and last processing stages of the pointer processing unit including a pointer register and a multiplexer, wherein n is a positive integer greater than 2; the data processing unit consisting of n serially connected data processing stages from a first data processing stage to a last data processing stage, each data processing stage including a multiplexer, a data register and a comparator; and one or more filter output stages connected to the data processing unit.

Abstract: A system and method for determining a median value in a set of values in a digital processing circuit is provided. The method comprises the following steps—(a) for each value in the set, comparing the value to each other value in the set, (b) for each comparison, assigning an index based upon the comparison and (c) repeating steps (a) and (b) for each value in the set. The method further comprises (d) performing an arithmetic operation based upon the indices for each value, (e) comparing the result of step (d) with a threshold and (f) selecting the median value based upon the comparison performed in step (e).

Abstract: A numeric decision device for determining a numeric of a specific order in a plurality of numerics includes a plurality of reception ends, a plurality of multiplexer modules each for outputting a numeric received by a reception end or a default value, a comparison module for comparing output signals of the plurality of multiplexer modules to generate a plurality of comparison results and for determining an extreme value, a decoding module for generating a plurality of decoding results according to the plurality of comparison result, a driving module for controlling the plurality of multiplexer modules, the comparison module and the decoding module to operate a default time corresponding to the specific order, and an output unit for outputting the extreme value after the comparison module operates for the default time to determine the numeric of the specific order.

Abstract: A system and method of detecting a flagged glucose concentration pattern with the use of medians having a common type of flag collected over discrete time periods so that whenever significant differences between the medians arise, the user or a caretaker of a diabetic user is notified.

Abstract: A system for determining the median of a plurality of data values comprises a plurality of field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), a plurality of inter FPGA links, an input router, a plurality of median modules, and a plurality of output transfer modules. Each FPGA includes a plurality of configurable logic elements and configurable storage elements from which the other components are formed. The inter FPGA link allows communication from one FPGA to another. The input router receives the plurality of data values and creates a plurality of data streams. The median module receives at least one data stream, increments a plurality of counters corresponding to a single data value within the range of data values, and determines the median by accumulating the contents of each counter. The output transfer module transfers the median to an external destination along with performance statistics of the determination of the median.

Abstract: A filtering apparatus calculates a median of image data that includes nine pixel values arranged in a window of 3*3. First, an input circuit receives as an input the image data, divides the data into groups each having three pixels, and outputs. The pixel values of each group are sorted in accordance with magnitude order, by a plurality of sorters. After sorting, the maximum values among the pixel values of the groups are determined by a plurality of shifters and a plurality of maximum value determiners, and the determined pixel values are removed from the corresponding groups. As a result, four largest pixel values are removed from the three groups. A last sorter extracts and outputs the maximum pixel value (median) from the remaining five pixel values.

Abstract: Described is fast motion estimation based upon epipolar geometry, which can be used in compressing multi-view video. An epipolar line is computed based on a point (e.g., a centroid point) in a macroblock to be predicted, and a temporary starting point in an image is determined, such as a median predicted search center. A search starting point is further determined based on the temporary starting point and the epipolar line, e.g., a point on the epipolar line corresponding to an intersecting line that is projected orthogonally from the temporary point to the epipolar line. A motion estimation mechanism searches the search space to produce a motion vector. The search may be conducted starting at the search starting point in a reduced search area located around the epipolar line, e.g., a local diamond search and/or rotated unsymmetrical rood-pattern search.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses that can determining a median value from a set of m values are disclosed. The method can include receiving a set of values, separating the set of values into subsets where some subsets have multiple values and at least one other has a single value. The subsets having multiple variables can be sorted based on the magnitudes of the multiple values. The values from the subset can be processed to find sub-median values, and a median value can be determined from the set of values utilizing the sub-median values and sorted values. Other embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: The objective is to realize a numeric value search apparatus and numeric value search method capable of rapidly searching for a numeric value of a prescribed rank. The present invention is characterized in that it comprises the following: a storage unit which stores multiple pieces of digitized numeric value data; a resolution specifying means which specifies a frequency distribution resolution; a frequency distribution creation unit which determines the frequency distribution of numeric value data in the storage unit using the resolution specified by this resolution specifying means; and a computation unit which determines the numeric value range or numeric value with the prescribed rank from the frequency distribution determined by this frequency distribution creation unit; wherein the resolution specifying means increases the resolution specified to the frequency distribution creation unit in steps, based on the computation results of the computation unit.

Abstract: A rank-determining device determines the rank of a particular sample value from a set of digital sample values by utilizing two different thresholders that are implemented by comparators. The rank of the sample value is decomposed by thresholding the sample value with all of the sample values in the set of digital sample values, and in this manner eliminates the necessity of a sorting operation. This decomposition of the rank will is referred to as self-threshold decomposition. A plurality of these rank-determining devices can be combined to form a rank determining apparatus in order to find the rank of each one of the digital samples in the set of digital samples. Because the rank-determining apparatus implements self-threshold decomposition, rank- and order-statistic based filters, such as the median filter, can be realized in a feasible manner.

Abstract: The present invention is of a method and apparatus for processing an image comprising a data set of size M (more generally, for determining the median of any data set of size M), comprising receiving each value of the data set as a weighted set of binary digits; adding together a first constant and binary digits of greatest weight of each value of the data set; dividing the result of the adding step by a second constant to generate a binary digit of greatest weight of a median of the data set; calculating for each value a remaining value clamp function for a next lower weight of binary digits; employing results of the calculating step to repeat adding and dividing steps for the next lower weight of binary digits to generate a binary digit of next lower weight of a median of the data set; and repeating the calculating and employing steps, if necessary, for each lower weight of binary digits of the values.

Abstract: An integrated circuit having statistical processing capability. The integrated circuit has an input for receiving input data in a first data domain. A data converter is provided for converting received input data from the first domain to a second domain different from the first domain. A statistical processor is provided for obtaining statistical information from the output of the data converter and processing the obtained statistical information in accordance with a predetermined processing algorithm. An output on the integrated circuit allow access of the processed statistical information by the statistical processor external to the integrated circuit.

Abstract: The magnitude of a pulse in a signal having both positive and negative polarity pulses (for example, a ternary PDH signal) is determined by measuring the magnitude of multiple samples of the signal. A reference level for the signal is determined from a plurality of these sample magnitudes, and the magnitude of a pulse in the signal is determined from the sample magnitudes and the reference level.

Abstract: A spatial median filter determines a median of a plurality of values by dividing the plurality of values into a plurality of groups of values. The values in each of the groups are sorted to determine its median. Then, the medians of the plurality of groups are fully sorted. Certain of the sorted values are eliminated from prescribed ones of the groups in accordance with prescribed criteria based on the number of values in the group and the median value of the group values. The remaining values are sorted to determine the median of the plurality of values.

Abstract: The invention provides improved methods and systems for rapidly performing a median filter calculation for a value at a predetermined position in a matrix of values representing a neighborhood about the predetermined position. The method includes ordering the values in each column of the matrix to create an ordered matrix having rows; determining a maximum value for a row of the ordered matrix having the lowest values; determining a median value for a row of the ordered matrix having middle values; and determining a minimum value for a row of the ordered matrix having the highest values. Based on these determinations, the median filter value for the neighborhood can be calculated as a second median value of the maximum value for a row of the ordered matrix having the lowest values, median value for a row of the ordered matrix having middle values, and minimum value for a row of the ordered matrix having the highest values. The calculated median filter value can then be output as necessary.

Abstract: A system to minimize the number of comparison and rearrangement operations and increase the processing speed with a small circuit scale utilizing a median filter in the form of hardware. A signal processing apparatus for performing, when a region to be subjected to signal processing has shifted, signal processing of pixel signals in a region to be subjected to signal processing after shifting the region, by utilizing old pixel signals already subjected to signal processing before the shift of the region. The apparatus includes a new-data-order determination circuit for determining an order of magnitude of pixel signals newly added to a region to be subjected signal processing after the shift of the region. A new-data selection circuit rearranges the new pixel signals based on the determined order. An all-data-order determination circuit determines the order of magnitude of all signals by comparing the rearranged new pixel signals with the old pixel signals.

Abstract: A fast median filter and method is disclosed. The median filter used by a processor includes a predetermined number of median cells, each of the median cells is connected to an input and an output through a switching circuit and a means for determining the median of said predetermined number of median cells using only minimum (Min) and maximum (Max) operations of the processor.

Abstract: A data conversion processing circuit which effects processing for data conversion which projects two-dimensional data on a plurality of straight lines with different inclinations. The data conversion processing circuit includes a circuit unit for storing two-dimensional data, a circuit unit for producing x and y coordinate locating data, which serves as an addend, according to an angle &thgr; and generating a signal for use in selecting data, a circuit unit for selecting data, which serves as an addend, from among stored data in response to the control signal, and a circuit unit for adding selected data. For producing coordinates and selecting data, the data conversion processing circuit carries out arithmetic operations for a Hough transform expressed as AH(&rgr;, &thgr;)=∫a(&rgr;·cos &thgr;−t·sin &thgr;, &rgr;·sin &thgr;+t·cos &thgr;)dt. For handling different angles &thgr;, the arithmetic operations are carried out in a time-division manner.

Abstract: A spatial median filter determines a median of a plurality of values by dividing the plurality of values into a plurality of groups of values. The values in each of the groups are sorted to determine its median. Then, the medians of the plurality of groups are fully sorted. Certain of the sorted values are eliminated from prescribed ones of the groups in accordance with prescribed criteria based on the number of values in the group and the median value of the group values. The remaining values are sorted to determine the median of the plurality of values.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of filtering at least one set of data comprises determining a subset of Q data elements of a set of L data elements (12), and determining a filtered value based upon the subset of Q data elements (14). Each of the subset of Q data elements is greater than at most a first predetermined number of the L data elements and greater than or equal to at least a second predetermined number of the L data elements other than itself.

Abstract: A fast and efficient median search method and filter searches a dynamically changing time-ordered list of data samples for a data sample representing the arithmetic median of the list. Embodiments include a method to reduce the number of memory access operations to 2N and a method to reduce the number of memory access operations to N, where N is the number of data samples searched. The described approach includes providing a circular list of N data samples including an incoming data sample replacing an outgoing data sample, and a median data sample. Then, updating the median data sample dependent on magnitudes of the incoming data sample, the median data sample, and the outgoing data sample.

Abstract: A circular median filter outputs a median value among data expressed as angles as well as magnitudes. If external new data is input to the circular median filter, a plurality of median cells delete the firstly input data among a plurality of prestored data and sort a plurality of data including the remaining prestored data and the newly input data after deletion of the firstly input data on the basis of a data magnitude. A median determiner receives the sorted data from the plurality of median cells, selects particular data corresponding to a maximum distance from the sorted data, and then outputs the selected particular data as median data. Here, the maximum distance is a maximum value among distances representing differences between data stored in two neighboring median cells among the plurality of median cells for storing the sorted data, and the particular data is data received from the median cell which is the farthest from the two median cells corresponding to the maximum distance.

Abstract: An apparatus for median filtering a sequence of input values comprises (N+1) number of processing elements coupled in series for storing (N+1) number of input values included in a values group and providing a median value thereof, N being a positive even number, each of the processing elements having a value register for storing an input value, a first stored value in the first processing element being smaller than or equal to a second stored value in a second processing element and an (i)th stored value in an (i)th processing element being smaller than or equal to an (i+1)st stored value in an (i+1)st processing element; and an input for sequentially providing input values to the processing elements, an input value being provided to all the processing elements simultaneously.