Abstract: In a multiply accumulate (MAC) unit, an accumulator may be implemented in two or more stages. For example, a first accumulator may accumulate products from the multiplier of the MAC unit, and a second accumulator may periodically accumulate the running total of the first accumulator. Each time the first accumulator's running total is accumulated by the second accumulator, the first accumulator may be initialized to begin a new accumulation period. In one embodiment, the number of values accumulated by the first accumulator within an accumulation period may be a user-adjustable parameter. In one embodiment, the bit width of the input of the second accumulator may be greater than the bit width of the output of the first accumulator. In another embodiment, an adder may be shared between the first and second accumulators, and a multiplexor may switch the accumulation operations between the first and second accumulators.

Abstract: A multi-channel multi-phase digital beamforming method and apparatus is provided. The multi-channel multi-phase digital beamforming method includes following steps: S1: pre-configuring a delay filtering coefficient storage table; S2: calculating a filter coefficient and a weighting coefficient; and S3: performing weighted synthesis and filtering processing on a multi-phase signal to form a multi-phase digital beam. When a data rate of an input signal changes, the multi-channel multi-phase digital beamforming method can perform weighted synthesis for the signal at different sampling rates by changing a quantity of signal phases without changing a processing architecture. Based on a multi-phase finite impulse response (FIR) filtering technology, a fractional multiple delay processing architecture that can flexibly adapt to a plurality of phase quantities of the input signal is proposed.

Abstract: An equivalent circuit architecture and attendant methods for generating a physically unclonable function (PUF) response include a plurality of devices capable of generating a voltage output, a voltage source, and a microcontroller adapted to receive the voltage output from each device of the plurality of devices. The devices may be energy harvesting devices or sensors. The microcontroller is configured to determine an average peak voltage for predefined groups of the plurality of devices, to compare summation voltage values for the predefined groups, and from that information to output response values defining a 128-bit PUF response. The microcontroller determines a peak voltage of each device of the plurality of devices an equal number of times to generate the 128 bit PUF response value, this preventing biasing the response towards any individual device or group of devices.

Abstract: Methods and circuitry for relatively low-speed bus time stamping and triggering for use in acoustic object and gesture detection and recognition are presented in this disclosure. A master device and slave devices can be interfaced via a communication link that includes a data line and a clock line. The master device generates and controls a clock signal on the clock line and sends a synchronization command over the data line to the slave devices. The master device receives timestamp and/or other information corresponding to events detected at each slave device, such as a detected acoustic wave reflected from an object. The master device tracks transitions and frequencies of the clock signal, and determines a time of the event based on the timestamp information, the tracked transitions and the frequencies. The master device can use the event times to derive positions and gestures associated with detected objects.

Abstract: A sensor output correction circuit includes an analog-to-digital converter configured to receive an input voltage corresponding to a sensor output of a sensor and a reference voltage that are selectively input to the analog-to-digital converter; and an arithmetic unit configured to correct output data, which is output from the analog-to-digital converter when the input voltage is input to the analog-to-digital converter, based on an output value that is output from the analog-to-digital converter when the reference voltage is input to the analog-to-digital converter. The arithmetic unit includes a multiply adder and a non-restoring divider.

Abstract: A communication device includes a storage unit to store quotients and remainders associated with multiplication values obtained by multiplying a specified integer number, which is expressed in a form of (2?+?) where ? is a positive integer number and ? is a positive integer number other than integral multiples of 2, respectively, the quotients and the remainders being obtained by dividing the multiplication values by 2?, respectively, a first unit to divide a dividend by 2?and calculate a quotient and a remainder, a second unit to obtain a quotient, which corresponds to the remainder from the storage unit, and a third unit to determine that the data length of the packet data is normal, when a combination of the quotient and the remainder calculated by the first unit is in the storage unit.

Abstract: A computer system represents numbers as three-dimensional relations, which may be represented as collections of points in three-dimensional space. The three-dimensional representations may use values of +1 and ?1 as complements of each other to overcome limitations of binary representations which use values of 1 and 0 to represent numbers. The computer system may use such three-dimensional relations to perform arithmetic and to factorize numbers.

Abstract: An arithmetic operation in a data processing unit, preferably by iterative digit accumulations, is proposed. An approximate result of the arithmetic operation is computed iteratively. Concurrently at least two supplementary values of the approximate result of the arithmetic operation are computed, and the final result selected from one of the values of the approximate result and the at least two supplementary values of the arithmetic operation depending on the results of the last iteration step.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating a transfer function of at target object having divided systems is disclosed. The apparatus acquires an estimation equation to estimate the transfer function of the target object, and determines, for each arithmetic operation in the estimation equation, whether the arithmetic operation is an addition or a multiplication. For the multiplication, the apparatus performs the multiplication of frequency response characteristics in the frequency domain. For addition, the apparatus converts the frequency response characteristics into time response characteristics, performs the addition of the time response characteristics in the time domain, and reconverts a result of the addition into the frequency domain.

Abstract: In a computing device that calculates a square of an element in a finite field, a vector representation of the element in the finite field is accepted. The vector representation includes a plurality of elements. The computing device performs a multiplication operation on a base field using the accepted elements, and obtains a multiplication value. The multiplication operation is determined by a condition under which the element in the finite field is placed in an algebraic torus. The computing device performs an addition and subtraction operation using the obtained multiplication value and the accepted elements, and obtains a calculation result of the square of the element. The addition and subtraction operation is determined by the condition. The computing device then outputs the calculation result.

Abstract: System and method for processing symbols in a communication system are disclosed and may include in a processor that receives symbols to be coded for transmission over a wireless medium, grouping elements of an input matrix across a second dimension of the input matrix to form groups of matrix elements while multiplying the input matrix and an input vector. The input vector may include the symbols to be coded for transmission over the wireless medium. The method may also include pre-computing possible permutations of partial results for each of the groups of matrix elements, and assigning the partial results from each of the groups of matrix elements to each of a corresponding index of a first dimension of the input matrix to form a matrix of assigned partial results.

Abstract: A communication device includes a storage unit to store quotients and remainders associated with multiplication values obtained by multiplying a specified integer number, which is expressed in a form of (2?+?) where ? is a positive integer number and ? is a positive integer number other than powers of 2, respectively, the quotients and the remainders being obtained by dividing the multiplication values by 2?, respectively, a first unit to divide a dividend by 2? and calculate a quotient and a remainder, a second unit to obtain a quotient, which corresponds to the remainder from the storage unit, and a third unit to determine that the data length of the packet data is normal, when a combination of the quotient and the remainder calculated by the first unit is in the storage unit.

Abstract: An arithmetic-program conversion apparatus includes: a program storage section storing an arithmetic program describing a circuit by a logical expression including a plurality of input and output variables, and operators; if the expression has three input variables or more, an intermediate-variable generation section generating an intermediate variable for converting the expression into a plurality of binomials including input and output variables; if the intermediate variable is generated, an expression conversion section converting the logical expression into a plurality of binomials including a binomial for obtaining the intermediate variable and a binomial obtaining the output variable from the intermediate variable; if a plurality of binomials are generated, an expression update section updating the stored original expression; a bit-width determination section determining bit widths of the output, input, and intermediate variables of the expression; and a bit-width storage section storing the bit widths

Abstract: An arithmetic and logic unit carries out arithmetic or logic operations on long operands. The unit comprises: an operation unit having a processing location, and configured for carrying out processing on bits at the processing location, the processing comprising any of a plurality of pre-defined arithmetic or logical operations, the processes being defined for a first number of bits determined by the operand word length; a fetch and write unit comprising direct memory access circuitry for fetching a second number of bits of operand data by direct access from an external memory and for writing results to memory, the second number being set by a predetermined memory access width; the second number being smaller than said operand word length, and the direct memory access circuitry being configured to deliver said second number of bits directly to the processing location without aggregation prior to processing.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a memory structure are described for increasing the throughput of double precision operations. Broadly, the present invention utilizes a novel memory system to process double precision data in a single memory access. In accordance with one embodiment, a method for increasing throughput of arithmetic operations on double precision data by reducing the number of memory accesses comprising: retrieving a double precision value from a memory, wherein the double precision value is comprised of a high word and a low word, wherein the double precision value is retrieved in a single memory access; selecting a word within the double precision value, wherein the portion selected is a single precision value; multiplying the word with a single precision operand to generate a single precision product; adding the product to a double precision operand to produce a double precision result; and forwarding the double precision result back to memory for storage.