With Phosphorus-containing Substances Patents (Class 71/29)
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Patent number: 4591375Abstract: A process for the preparation of neutralized, clear, stable solutions by acid catalyzed reaction of urea and aldehydes where the aldehydes are either acetaldehyde or mixtures of not more than 3 moles of propionaldehyde to 1 mole of acetaldehyde, at reaction pH's of from about 3.1 to 4.5 at temperatures from about 30.degree. C. to 75.degree. C. and the mole ratio of urea to aldehydes is about 1.3:1 to 2.5:1. The products of the process are useful as sprayable sources of nitrogen which are non phytotoxic and have prolonged fertilizer activity.Type: GrantFiled: September 30, 1985Date of Patent: May 27, 1986Assignee: W. A. Cleary Chemical CorporationInventor: Paul Sartoretto
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Patent number: 4560400Abstract: Relates to a fertilizer product in granular form, to processes for making and using it. The granules have strength, sizes and weights suitable for mechanical dispensing and application to and into the soil. These granules combine particles of a nitrogen source of poor solubility in pH 7 water at 20.degree. C., that converts slowly to a useful form, together with a binder that holds these fine particles together.Type: GrantFiled: November 17, 1983Date of Patent: December 24, 1985Assignee: Melamine Chemicals, Inc.Inventors: G. Graham Allan, Donald E. Freepons, George M. Crews
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Patent number: 4559076Abstract: Plant nutrient losses from soils due to ammonia volatilization are reduced by the simultaneous application of nitrogen and an additive material which is adsorbed at soil ion exchange sites more readily than is ammonium ion. Useful materials for this purpose include soluble salts of the alkali metals and/or alkaline earth metals.Type: GrantFiled: September 13, 1984Date of Patent: December 17, 1985Assignee: Union Oil Company of CaliforniaInventor: Donald C. Young
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Patent number: 4554004Abstract: A process for preparing granulated fertilizer materials, wherein urea phosphate is used as a granulating agent to assist in the agglomeration of finely divided solid particles into relatively uniformly sized granules. Urea phosphate, prepared by dissolving urea in phosphoric acid, is coated onto finely divided particles of fertilizer materials, and granulation is accomplished at a temperature within the thermoplastic range of the urea phosphate, wherein the urea phosphate plasticizes and induces adherence of the fine particles into relatively uniformly sized granules. Optionally, ammonia gas, clay, or micro nutrients may be added after granulation.Type: GrantFiled: October 19, 1983Date of Patent: November 19, 1985Assignee: J. R. Simplot CompanyInventors: Laurence W. Bierman, Charles R. Edinborough, David K. Johnson
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Patent number: 4531962Abstract: In the first embodiment of our invention, solution type fertilizers are produced by reacting phosphoric acid with urea-ammonium nitrate solution (35 percent CO{NH.sub.2 }.sub.2, 45 percent NH.sub.4 NO.sub.3, and 20 percent H.sub.2 O), and urea. In the second embodiment of our invention, the same solution is produced by reacting phosphoric acid with a urea-ammonium nitrate suspension that contains 36 percent nitrogen, 56 percent urea, and 29 percent ammonium nitrate. The ammonium nitrate portion of the nitrogen solution in said first embodiment reacts with the urea and phosphoric acid to produce urea nitrate (CO{NH}.sub.2.HNO.sub.3) and ammonium phosphate (probably NH.sub.4 H.sub.2 PO.sub.4). This solution contains rapidly available nitrate nitrogen as well as ammonium type nitrogen that is more slowly available than nitrate nitrogen. Similar results were obtained in said second embodiment when nitrogen solution and urea were reacted with sulfuric acid. The resulting solution contained CO(NH.sub.2).sub.2.HNO.Type: GrantFiled: June 4, 1984Date of Patent: July 30, 1985Assignee: Tennessee Valley AuthorityInventors: Frank P. Achorn, Carl A. Cole, Jr.
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Patent number: 4512793Abstract: A process for direct granulation of unpurified urea phosphate from urea and merchant- or filter-grade wet-process phosphoric acid to produce a product with exceptional satisfactory physical and chemical properties for direct application to the soil or for use in production of fluid fertilizers. The process involves the utilization of sweep air in both the reactor and the granulator to remove water from the heat-sensitive urea phosphate mixture to enhance the granulation characteristics of the product. Product drying with applied heat after granulation is essentially eliminated. Moisture content of the urea phosphate is reduced to an acceptable level (about 1.0 percent) in the granulator; however, the granules are somewhat sticky. It has been found, however, that the resulting urea phosphate with about 1.0 percent moisture is less sensitive to heat than high (4 to 6 percent) moisture product. Consequently, heated air (up to about 200.degree. F.Type: GrantFiled: April 30, 1984Date of Patent: April 23, 1985Assignee: Tennessee Valley AuthorityInventor: Cecil P. Harrison
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Patent number: 4507139Abstract: The present invention relates to the reaction of phosphate rock with nitric acid and urea to produce nitrogen-phosphorus containing slurries, which slurries, in turn, may be granulated and dried to produce solid N-P fertilizer products with agronomically advantageous low pHs (1.0-4.0). The products have excellent storage characteristics. The improved properties of these products result partially from the formation of a new compound, Ca(H.sub.2 PO.sub.4)(NO.sub.3).CO(NH.sub.2).sub.2, which was discovered during the course of the investigation that led to the instant invention.Type: GrantFiled: October 26, 1984Date of Patent: March 26, 1985Assignee: Tennessee Valley AuthorityInventors: Jack M. Sullivan, Yong K. Kim, Kjell R. Waerstad
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Patent number: 4507142Abstract: A composition and method for enhancing the yield of field crops by incorporating one or more alpha-oximino alkanoic acid compounds or derivatives thereof in a foliar fertilizer composition containing one or more sources of nitrogen and optionally one or more additional macronutrients and/or micronutrients and applying same to the foliage of said crops.Type: GrantFiled: December 30, 1982Date of Patent: March 26, 1985Assignee: Arcadian Corporation, Inc.Inventors: Gary M. Pace, James W. Friedrich
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Patent number: 4500336Abstract: A process for making granules containing urea as the main component by prilling or granulating a urea melt or an aqueous urea solution, which melt or solution may contain one or more other fertilizers, such as ammonium sulphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate, in solution and/or suspension. According to the invention, a water-soluble aluminum salt is added to the melt, solution or suspension to be prilled or granulated. Preferably the aluminum salt is added in a quantity equivalent to at least 0.1% by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, calculated on the solid content of the melt, solution or suspension.Type: GrantFiled: June 18, 1982Date of Patent: February 19, 1985Assignee: Compagnie Neerlandaise de l'Azote (Societe Anonyme)Inventors: Willy H. P. Van Hijfte, Luc A. Vanmarcke
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Patent number: 4478632Abstract: A process for making granules containing urea as the main component by spraying an aqueous urea solution having a urea concentration of 85-98% by weight, to which solution magnesium hydroxide, an inorganic magnesium salt or a mixture of such substances has been added as a crystallization retarder for the urea, and which solution optionally contains one or more other fertilizers in solution and/or suspension, is sprayed in the form of very fine droplets having an average diameter of between 20 and 120 micron into a fluidized bed of urea particles at a temperature at which the water on the solutions sprayed onto the particles is evaporated, and urea or urea containing material solidifies on the particles, to form granules having a desired size. The urea granules thus produced are compatible with single and triple superphosphate granules.Type: GrantFiled: June 30, 1982Date of Patent: October 23, 1984Assignee: Compagnie Neerlandaise de l'Azote (Soci'ete' Anonyme)Inventors: Willy H. P. Van Hijfte, Luc A. Vanmarcke
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Patent number: 4469503Abstract: The invention relates to a fertilizer composition which comprises coal ash, and a relatively water insoluble polymer capable of gradually decomposing to slowly release nitrogen polymerized uniformly on said coal ash. The polymer is formed by the in situ polymerization of an aldehyde and a polymerizable organic nitrogen containing compound capable of reacting with two or more equivalents of said aldehyde in the presence of an acid. The coal can be fly ash, bottom ash or boiler slag and can be derived from anthracite, bituminous or subbituminous coal or from lignite coal. The acid can be phosphoric acid, the aldehyde formaldehyde and the polymerizable organic nitrogen containing compound urea.Type: GrantFiled: April 4, 1983Date of Patent: September 4, 1984Inventor: Richard F. Stockel
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Patent number: 4456463Abstract: High analysis non-ammoniated liquid fertilizers comprising the reaction product of urea and phosphoric acid having a pH between 1.5 and 4 and optionally containing the reaction product of urea and sulfuric acid, various trace including those normally found as contaminants in wet process phosphoric acid, potash and gelling agents, said fertilizers being further characterized as having total analysis of N, P.sub.2 O.sub.5 and K.sub.2 O of at least 25 weight percent and preferably 30 weight percent or greater, stabilized against decomposition of the urea portion of the reaction products by the presence of from about 1 to 2.5 weight percent ammonia, when P.sub.2 O.sub.5 is greater than 30 weight percent and from about 1 to 4 weight percent ammonia when P.sub.2 O.sub.5 is less than 30 weight percent with an amount of less than 2.5 weight percent ammonia being preferred in both cases.Type: GrantFiled: October 15, 1982Date of Patent: June 26, 1984Assignee: Stoller Enterprises, Inc.Inventor: Jerry H. Stoller
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Patent number: 4388101Abstract: A "non-pressure" liquid fertilizer containing nitrogen and sulfur can be prepared by a process comprising (a) mixing sulfuric acid in water, (b) dissolving urea into the resulting solution, and (c) adding anhydrous ammonia in an amount sufficient to bring the pH of the solution to between about 6 and 8. The resulting liquid fertilizers can typically contain in the range of about 19 to about 25% nitrogen and in the range of about 3 to 6% sulfur and remain substantially free from crystals when stored at temperatures above about 40.degree. F. A 19-0-0 liquid fertilizer containing about 3% S (as sulfate) remained crystal free when stored for about a month at about 32.degree. F. The "non-pressure" liquid can be blended with dispersion-type fertilizers. Dispersion-type fertilizers of low phosphate content can be made by substituting phosphoric acid for some or all of the sulfuric acid.Type: GrantFiled: March 14, 1979Date of Patent: June 14, 1983Assignee: Occidental Chemical Agricultural Products, Inc.Inventor: Robert L. Lowder
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Patent number: 4378238Abstract: A controlled release particulate fertilizer composition prepared by the reaction of urea and formaldehyde comprising polymeric nitrogen in the form of methylene urea polymers of varying chain length. The majority of the polymeric nitrogen consists of short chain polymers selected from the group consisting of methylene diurea, dimethylene triurea and mixtures thereof and the average degree of polymerization of urea and formaldehyde is greater than 1.5. The fertilizer compositions combine safety and high levels of plant nutrient efficiency.Type: GrantFiled: July 30, 1981Date of Patent: March 29, 1983Assignee: The O.M. Scott & Sons CompanyInventor: Harvey M. Goertz
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Patent number: 4353730Abstract: Disclosed is a granulating process which comprises the steps of providing a plurality of spouted bed granulation zones arranged in series and one or more fluidizing zones for cooling and drying purposes each disposed between two adjacent ones of the granulation zones, introducing priming granules of a particulate material into the first-stage granulation zone while spraying thereinto an adherent and solidifiable liquid together with a gas stream to enlarge the priming granules, cooling and drying the enlarged granules in the succeeding fluidizing zone, passing the resulting granules through the other granulation zones and fluidizing zones successively, and withdrawing the granules enlarged to a desired particle size from the last-stage granulation zone. Also disclosed is an apparatus for carrying out this granulating process.Type: GrantFiled: November 17, 1980Date of Patent: October 12, 1982Assignees: Toyo Engineering Corporation, Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, IncorporatedInventors: Bunji Kinno, Hiroshi Hirayama, Tetsuzo Honda
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Patent number: 4348424Abstract: The invention provides a sprayable plant care composition which, in its preferred aspects, comprises a continuous aqueous phase comprising gelatin hydrolysate, urea, dissolved phosphorus and potassium salts, and an amount of preservative effective to prevent microbial growth in the composition; a dispersed phase comprising orange peel wax and glycerol as a diluent for the wax; and an emulsifier comprising polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate in an amount effective to provide a stable emulsion and provide a cleansing action when the composition is applied to the foliage of a plant. When applied as a spray to plant leaf surfaces, the composition produces an attractive shine and an appealing aroma, provides plant nutrients absorbable by the leaf, and serves as an effective rinse to cleanse the leaf.Type: GrantFiled: March 27, 1981Date of Patent: September 7, 1982Assignee: General Foods CorporationInventors: George A. Consolazio, James A. Sheppard, Benjamin E. Laramee
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Patent number: 4345931Abstract: Water-soluble fertilizer pastes containing 58 to 88% by weight of water-soluble plant nutrients, 0 to 5% by weight of water-soluble micronutrients, 4 to 12% by weight of polyglycol ethers having at least 9 ethylene oxide units and/or water-soluble polyglycol ether derivatives having at least 8 ethylene oxide units per molecule and 8 to 25% by weight of water, process for their manufacture and their use for plant fertilization.Type: GrantFiled: October 25, 1979Date of Patent: August 24, 1982Assignee: Hoechst AktiengesellschaftInventor: Klaus Meyer
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Patent number: 4318729Abstract: A liquid fertilizer composition which is storable for 6-8 months is prepared from an aqueous methylol urea containing solution and dibasic potassium phosphate. The methylol urea containing solution has a nitrogen content of approximately 15-35% by weight. The dibasic potassium phosphate adds the phosphorous and potassium components to form a complete fertilizer having a preferred N-P-K ratio of from about 6:1:1.33 to 18:1:1. It also stabilizes the methylol urea containing solution so that premature gelling and precipitation are avoided. As such, the liquid fertilizer is storable and easily applied through liquid application to a lawn.Type: GrantFiled: January 10, 1980Date of Patent: March 9, 1982Assignee: Chem-Lawn CorporationInventor: Robert M. Coury
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Patent number: 4315763Abstract: High analysis liquid fertilizers comprising the reaction product of urea and phosphoric acid having a pH between 1.5 and 4 and optionally containing the reaction product of urea and sulfuric acid, various trace elements including those normally found as contaminants in wet process phosphoric acid, potash and gelling agents, said fertilizers being further characterized as having total analysis of N, P.sub.2 O.sub.5 and K.sub.2 O of at least 25 weight percent and preferably 30 weight percent or greater.Type: GrantFiled: February 7, 1980Date of Patent: February 16, 1982Assignee: Stoller Enterprises, Inc.Inventors: Jerry H. Stoller, Harold A. Hartung
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Patent number: 4308048Abstract: Embodiment No. 1. Urea phosphate prepared from wet-process phosphoric acid is heated with monopotassium orthophosphate in a mole ratio of 0.25 to 4.0 at 130.degree. to 200.degree. C. to form an ammonium potassium polyphosphate having an average chain length between 1.2 and 2.5. The ammonium potassium polyphosphate is dissolved in aqueous ammonia to yield concentrated fertilizer solutions containing the three major nutrients and over 50 percent total plant food.Embodiment No. 2. Phosphoric acid containing 54 to 76 percent P.sub.2 O.sub.5 is heated with urea (urea:H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 mole ratio 0.5 to 2.0) and monopotassium orthophosphate (urea:KH.sub.2 PO.sub.4 mole ratio 0.25 to 4.0) at 130.degree. to 200.degree. C. to form an ammonium potassium polyphosphate having an average chain length between 1.2 and 2.5. The ammonium potassium polyphosphate is dissolved in aqueous ammonia to yield concentrated fertilizer solutions containing the three major nutrients and over 50 percent total plant food.Type: GrantFiled: February 13, 1980Date of Patent: December 29, 1981Assignee: Tennessee Valley AuthorityInventors: Richard C. Sheridan, John F. McCullough, Leland L. Frederick
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Patent number: 4304589Abstract: A briquetted fertilizer for forest fertilization having a volume of from 5 to 100 cm.sup.3 which comprises compression molded granular isobutylidene diurea and heavy mineral oil.Type: GrantFiled: June 30, 1980Date of Patent: December 8, 1981Assignee: Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, LimitedInventors: Seiichi Kamo, Tetzuo Watanabe, Noriyasu Kuroda, Naoto Osako, Yoshinori Kaneko
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Patent number: 4292067Abstract: Crystalline urea phosphate mixed with sufficient quantities of previously produced urea-ammonium polyphosphate liquid to provide fluidity is pyrolyzed batchwise in one stage to give molten urea ammonium polyphosphate containing up to 50 percent of the phosphate as polyphosphate. Water or aqua ammonia can be substituted for the polyphosphate liquid if certain prescribed steps in proper sequence are followed. Heat from ammoniation of the urea phosphate provides all of the heat for pyroloysis. The molten urea-ammonium polyphosphate is then processed into high-analysis liquid fertilizer.Type: GrantFiled: February 12, 1980Date of Patent: September 29, 1981Assignee: Tennessee Valley AuthorityInventors: John M. Stinson, James R. Burnell
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Patent number: 4280830Abstract: A free-flowing granular fertilizer composition and a process for its preparation in which the granules comprise expanded, substantially oil-free coffee grounds as a carrier coated and impregnated with a urea-formaldehyde condensation product. The condensation product has from 1 to 3 moles of urea for each mole of formaldehyde and the composition has at least 15% of the total nitrogen in cold water insoluble form.Type: GrantFiled: January 23, 1980Date of Patent: July 28, 1981Assignee: O. M. Scott and Sons CompanyInventors: Fred E. Ferguson, Rory R. Hughes, Kenneth E. Fersch
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Patent number: 4244727Abstract: A clear, storable, aqueous solution of partially condensed urea and formaldehyde substantially free of formic acid supplies non-burning and slow-releasing plant food nitrogen when applied directly to the foliage of living grasses, and agricultural and ornamental plants or to soils having neutral or acid surfaces. The substantially ammonia free solution has a pH between 7.5 and 9.8 and contains added buffering agents so that between 0.05 and 0.30 milliequivalents of phosphoric acid are required to reduce pH of one gram to 7.0; and is prepared by the partial condensation of from 1.5 to 2.0 mols urea with 1.0 mol formaldehyde for 20 to 300 minutes at temperatures between 75.degree. and 90.degree. C. with between 0.05 and 0.3 milliequivalents of alkali hydroxide per gram of solution as catalyst.Type: GrantFiled: February 7, 1979Date of Patent: January 13, 1981Assignee: Ashland Oil, Inc.Inventor: William P. Moore, Jr.
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Patent number: 4240817Abstract: A water absorbable urea resin foam mat which contains alkylene glycols and inorganic salts, and which is effective for raising seedling of crops.Type: GrantFiled: December 16, 1976Date of Patent: December 23, 1980Assignee: Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.Inventors: Iwao Takizawa, Iwao Otsubo, Toru Shimizu
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Patent number: 4239522Abstract: Stable low freeze point fertilizer solutions containing nitrogen, and sulfur are disclosed. The solutions contain specified ratios of ammonium nitrate, urea, and ammonium sulfate; such that the solutions are storage stable.Type: GrantFiled: June 13, 1979Date of Patent: December 16, 1980Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventors: Joseph F. Wilson, Lawrence M. Fodor, Joseph R. Kenton
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Patent number: 4217128Abstract: Crystalline urea phosphate is pyrolyzed in one stage to give molten urea ammonium polyphosphates that contains up to 95 percent of the phosphate as polyphosphate. These are then processed into high-analysis solid or liquid fertilizers. Addition of urea to the process to maintain a urea:biuret ratio of at least 16 prevents precipitation of biuret in the liquid fertilizers.Type: GrantFiled: July 13, 1979Date of Patent: August 12, 1980Assignee: Tennessee Valley AuthorityInventors: John M. Stinson, Horace C. Mann, Jr., John F. McCullough
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Patent number: 4214888Abstract: Aqueous urea solutions particularly suited for foliar fertilization are disclosed. They are characterized by low phytotoxicity, low corrosivity, and improved toxicity stability and comprise urea nitrogen and between about 0.005 and about 0.1 molar equivalents per mole of urea of a pH buffer having a buffering point between about 6 and about 7.6. Also provided are aqueous urea solutions suitable for foliar application containing mineral or organic acids, or both, in the presence or absence of a pH buffer having pH values between about 6 and 7.6. Either solution is foliarly applied at substantially non-toxic rates of at least about 10 pounds of nitrogen per acre.Type: GrantFiled: June 5, 1978Date of Patent: July 29, 1980Assignee: Union Oil Company of CaliforniaInventor: Donald C. Young
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Patent number: 4190427Abstract: Dry foamable concentrates comprising a plant agent, an alpha olefin sulfonate as foaming agent and isopropanol, capable of spumescent constitution with water to provide a stable foam composition acting as a tracer in application.Type: GrantFiled: May 4, 1977Date of Patent: February 26, 1980Assignee: General Foods CorporationInventor: Robert J. Ravallo
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Patent number: 4190428Abstract: Dry foamable concentrates comprising a plant agent, a foaming agent, and an alcohol of limited solubility e.g., butanol, capable of spumescent constitution with water to provide a stable foam composition acting as a tracer in application.Type: GrantFiled: May 4, 1977Date of Patent: February 26, 1980Assignee: General Foods CorporationInventors: Martin S. Colton, Esra Pitchon, Robert J. Ravallo
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Patent number: 4183783Abstract: A semisynthetic paper with low bulk comprises a continuous, chemically bonded, open fibre network formed by cellulosic vegetable fibres and fragments of urea-formaldehyde condensate, the fragments being precured before paper web formation and being cured a second time when drying the paper web.A method of producing a semisynthetic paper with low bulk comprises the steps of forming precured fragments of a urea-formaldehyde condensate, forming a stock of the fragments and cellulosic vegetable fibres, including in the stock a water-insoluble latent curing agent, forming a paper web from the stock, and drying the paper web, the fragments being cured a second time during the drying operation.Type: GrantFiled: September 21, 1977Date of Patent: January 15, 1980Assignee: Olof SundenInventors: Olof Sunden, Birgitta Sunden
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Patent number: 4175943Abstract: A water soluble mixed fertilizer composition in solid form and a method of producing the fertilizer composition. The fertilizer comprises a mixture of urea, phosphoric acid and at least one potassium salt selected from the class comprising potassium sulphate, potassium nitrate and potassium chloride. Ammonium salts selected from the class comprising ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate may optionally also be added to the mixtures. Solid fertilizer compositions possible according to this invention include compositions which contain between 5 and 42% nitrogen, between 2 and 15% phosphorus and between 1 and 38% potassium, these values being elemental mass as a percentage relative to the total mass of the composition.Type: GrantFiled: January 18, 1978Date of Patent: November 27, 1979Assignee: Triomf FertilizersInventors: Pieter J. Jordaan, Jacobus P. van Deventer
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Patent number: 4146383Abstract: Legume grain crops growing under field conditions are supplied exclusively with nutrients from the ground (N, P. K, and S) until the legumes have reached a growth stage in which the seeds are starting to fill, and then during the seed filling period the leaves of the plants are sprayed with an aqueous fertilizer solution providing N, P, K, and S nutrients. Seed yields are appreciably increased. The method is particularly applicable to soybeans.Type: GrantFiled: April 19, 1977Date of Patent: March 27, 1979Inventors: John J. Hanway, Ramon Garcia
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Patent number: 4145208Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for improving the smooth functioning of drip irrigation utilizing some nitrogen-based compositions.The method consists in providing to the solution supplied to drip irrigation, a pH from about 0.05 to about 3.0, utilizing an aqueous solution of urea nitrate having a weight concentration from about 28 to 0.1 percent respectively.The aqueous solutions utilized in drip irrigation may also contain various fertilizer substances thus providing the desired N:P:K formulations.Type: GrantFiled: December 15, 1977Date of Patent: March 20, 1979Assignee: Fertilizers & Chemicals Ltd.Inventors: Arie Gulko, Dahlia S. Greidinger
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Patent number: 4145207Abstract: Method for preparation of a stable, non-burning, liquid foliar fertilizer for increasing yields of field crops, from substantially urea nitrogen, which comprises: reacton of completely dissolved urea and formaldehyde for 5-10 minutes at temperatures of 50.degree. C., or less, in an acid mixture rapidly brought to pH less than 3.0, increasing reaction temperature to 70.degree. C. by use of the exothermic heat of urea-formaldehyde polymerization and continuing the reaction for 30 minutes while increasing pH stepwise to more than 4.0 by addition of ammonia; reacting 0.1 to 5.0% aliphatic alcohols with this mixture; neutralizing to pH 6.1 to 6.5 by addition of aqueous base solution; adding additional fertilizer ingredients desired, including potash and phosphate, while cooling to ambient storage temperature; and blending with gelled attapulgite clay so that final fertilizer contains 0.5 to 2% (wt) clay.Type: GrantFiled: January 19, 1977Date of Patent: March 20, 1979Inventor: William P. Moore
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Patent number: 4134750Abstract: A process for the production of fertilizers from phosphoric and sulfuric acids, anhydrous ammonia, and urea, and more specifically, the production of high-analysis granular ammonium phosphates, ammonium phosphate sulfates, and urea-ammonium phosphate sulfates--some with polyphosphate contents of up to 68 percent of the total P.sub.2 O.sub.5. A specially designed pipe-cross reactor is used to produce a homogeneous melt or slurry of low moisture content from the reactants and thus eliminates the need for a preneutralizer as used in many prior-art granular fertilizer processes. In addition, because of the low melt or slurry moisture content, the dryer (also used in most of the previous processes) is eliminated. The elimination of these two items greatly simplifies pollution abatement, since both items are sources of fumes and dust.Type: GrantFiled: December 19, 1977Date of Patent: January 16, 1979Assignee: Tennessee Valley AuthorityInventors: Melvin M. Norton, Byron R. Parker
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Patent number: 4116664Abstract: A method for controlled reaction of urea with sulfuric acid to form a liquid nitrogen sulfate fertilizer composition consisting of urea sulfate and liquified urea, and which may include other nutrients.Type: GrantFiled: June 6, 1977Date of Patent: September 26, 1978Inventor: Leon R. Jones
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Patent number: 4089670Abstract: High analysis fertilizer formulations of a low bulk density powdered ureaform having soluble and insoluble components combined with soluble monopotassium phosphate in which the resulting mixtures are dry homogeneous blends that are free of fillers and binding agents and may be carried in liquid for application to surface or subsurface areas by conventional liquid fertilizer applying equipment.Type: GrantFiled: May 24, 1977Date of Patent: May 16, 1978Assignee: The Davey Tree Expert CompanyInventor: Roger Calvin Funk
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Patent number: 4063919Abstract: The invention relates to a fertilizer rod composition comprising about 100 parts of a polyvinyl alcohol, about 0 to 20 parts of a plasticizer and about 10 to 350 parts of a fertilizer, a process for producing said rod and a product of said process.Type: GrantFiled: June 17, 1976Date of Patent: December 20, 1977Assignee: Monsanto CompanyInventor: Joseph Grano, Jr.
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Patent number: 4055974Abstract: A substantially dry fertilizer tablet which is adapted to absorb water and disintegrate comprises particles of fertilizer source materials and particles of a water insoluble, water swellable, hydrophilic polymeric gel pressed together into a dense tablet bonded together by a cured water insoluble thermoset resinous binder such as urea formaldehyde.Type: GrantFiled: March 5, 1976Date of Patent: November 1, 1977Assignee: International Spike, Inc.Inventor: Laban P. Jackson, Jr.
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Patent number: T969002Abstract: process for production of fertilizers from phosphoric and sulfuric acids, anhydrous ammonia, and urea, and for the production of high-analysis granular ammonium phosphates, ammonium phosphate sulfates, and urea-ammonium phosphate sulfates--some with polyphosphate contents of up to 68 percent of the total P.sub.2 O.sub.5. A specially designed pipe-cross reactor is used to produce a homogeneous melt or slurry of low moisture content from the reactants and thus eliminates the need for a preneutralizer as used in many prior-art granular fertilizer processes. Because of the low melt or slurry moisture content, the dryer is eliminated. The elimination of these two items greatly simplifies pollution abatement, since both items are sources of fumes and dust. The equipment used to produce granular monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, urea-ammonium phosphate sulfate, and ammonium phosphate sulfate fertilizers is inexpensive and simple to operate.Type: GrantFiled: July 25, 1977Date of Patent: April 4, 1978Assignee: Tennessee Valley AuthorityInventors: Melvin M. Norton, Byron R. Parker
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Patent number: T973004Abstract: a process for the production of high-purity urea-ammonium polyphosphate fertilizers from crystalline urea orthophosphate derived from the reaction of wet-process acid and urea. Initially, urea phosphate was pyrolyzed in one stage to give molten urea-ammonium polyphosphates that contained up to 95 percent of the phosphate as polyphosphate, dependent upon the reaction conditions used. Heat to effect condensation of orthophosphate with urea to form polyphosphate was provided by steam. Reaction conditions ranging from a retention time of 1 minute at 350.degree. F to 30 minutes at 260.degree. F were satisfactory. The pyrolyzate contained mixtures of urea, ammonium orthophosphate, and ammonium polyphosphates and was dissolved in aqua ammonia to yield clear liquid fertilizers containing 12 to 15 percent nitrogen and 18 to 29 percent P.sub.2 O.sub.5. Addition of either urea to the process to maintain a urea:biuret ratio of at least 16, or about 2 pounds NH.sub.3 per unit P.sub.2 O.sub.Type: GrantFiled: October 3, 1977Date of Patent: August 1, 1978Assignee: Tennessee Valley AuthorityInventors: John M. Stinson, Horace C. Mann, Jr., John F. McCullough
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Patent number: T982001Abstract: a method for improving the storage properties of liquid fertilizers made from wet-process phosphoric acid. The wet-process acid is essentially defluorinated so that when it is processed by ammoniation to make high-analysis ammonium polyphosphate liquid fertilizers, the sometimes almost immediate precipitation of undesirable sludge compounds of magnesium does not occur in the liquid over long periods of storage. The liquids may be produced by dissolving hot ammonium polyphosphate melts directly as it is produced or by dissolving dry granular solid ammonium polyphosphate made from this type acid.Both ammonium polyphosphate and urea-ammonium polyphosphate base solutions made from defluorinated wet-process acid are highly stable and they exhibit increased tolerance for higher magnesium and lower polyphosphate levels.Type: GrantFiled: March 16, 1977Date of Patent: May 1, 1979Assignee: Tennessee Valley AuthorityInventor: Fred D. Nix
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Patent number: T998001Abstract: A batch process is disclosed for the production of relatively pure urea ammonium polyphosphate liquid fertilizers from crystalline urea phosphate made from wet-process acid and urea. Initially, crystalline urea phosphate is fed to a tank where it is combined with previously produced liquid product; the latter is added to provide fluidity for agitation. The mixture is then ammoniated batchwise in one stage to pyrolyze the urea phosphate to condense orthophosphate to polyphosphate and form molten urea-ammonium polyphosphates. Pyrolysis takes place at relatively low temperatures of 220.degree. F. to 300.degree. F. and heat from ammoniation of the urea phosphate crystals provides all the heat to effect the condensation. The molten pyrolyzate which contains mixtures of urea, ammonium orthophosphate, and ammonium polyphosphate is dissolved in an ammonia-water mixture to yield high-analysis liquid fertilizer that contains 10 to 15 percent nitrogen and 16 to 30 percent P.sub.2 O.sub.Type: GrantFiled: August 31, 1979Date of Patent: September 2, 1980Assignee: Tennessee Valley AuthorityInventors: John M. Stinson, James R. Burnell
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Patent number: T101203Abstract: Process for production of diammonium phosphate from orthophosphoric acid and ammonia. A specially designed inline reactor, a pipe reactor, is used to produce a homogeneous slurry with a lower moisture content than can be produced and pumped utilizing a preneutralizer as used in many prior-art granular fertilizer processes. Because of the lower moisture content of the slurry, drying requirements are eliminated. This eliminates two items of equipment, to wit, a preneutralizer and a dryer, and greatly simplifies pollution abatement since both items are sources of fumes and dust. The equipment utilized in the present process is inexpensive and simple to operate. The products produced are dust-free and of such particle size distribution that they are well suited for subsequent use in producing bulk blends.Type: GrantFiled: October 23, 1980Date of Patent: November 3, 1981Inventors: Byron R. Parker, Melvin M. Norton
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Patent number: T102201Abstract: A process for direct granulation of unpurified urea phosphate from urea or urea solution and merchant or filter grade wet-process phosphoric acid to produce a product with exceptional satisfactory physical and chemical properties for direct application to the soil or for use in production of fluid fertilizers. The process involves the utilization of sweep air in both the reactor and the granulator to remove water from the heat sensitive urea phosphate mixture to cause granulation of the product. The requirement for product drying with applied heat after granulation is eliminated. The process may be used for producing urea-urea phosphate provided certain precautions are taken to minimize hydrolysis of urea to prevent the resultant ammonia which in turn will react with the acid to form monoammonium phosphate.Type: GrantFiled: November 16, 1981Date of Patent: September 7, 1982Inventor: Cecil P. Harrison
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Patent number: T102902Abstract: Solid granular fertilizers based on the inclusion of phosphoric acid as an additive to urea and consisting of a homogeneous mixture of two solid crystalline phases, i.e., urea and urea phosphate, and ranging in its overall N:P.sub.2 O.sub.5 weight ratio from about 2:1 to about 5:1, preferably from about 2:1 to 3:1. These fertilizers are suitable for surface application, especially where immediate incorporation into the soil is not practicable, such as on pastures, or undesirable such as in conjunction with reduced tillage practices, and generally wherever it is necessary or desirable to apply nitrogen on the surface of soil, ensuring substantially reduced losses of urea nitrogen by volatilization, and causing a delay of 4 to 7 days in the commencement of such losses.Type: GrantFiled: October 5, 1981Date of Patent: April 5, 1983Inventor: Fayez E. Khasawneh
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Patent number: T104701Abstract: In the first embodiment of the present invention, solution type fertilizers are produced by reacting phosphoric acid with urea-ammonium nitrate solution (35 percent CO(NH.sub.2).sub.2, 45 percent NH.sub.4 NO.sub.3, and 20 percent H.sub.2 O), and urea. In the second embodiment, the same solution is produced by reacting phosphoric acid with a urea-ammonium nitrate suspension that contains 36 percent nitrogen, 56 percent urea, and 29 percent ammonium nitrate. The ammonium nitrate portion of the nitrogen solution in said first embodiment reacts with the urea and phosphoric acid to produce urea nitrate (CO{NH}.sub.2.HNO.sub.3) and ammonium phosphate (probably NH.sub.4 H.sub.2 PO.sub.4). This solution contains rapidly available nitrate nitrogen as well as ammonium type nitrogen that is more slowly available than nitrate nitrogen. Similar results were obtained in said second embodiment when nitrogen solution and urea were reacted with sulfuric acid. The resulting solution contained CO(NH.sub.2).sub.2.HNO.sub.Type: GrantFiled: March 12, 1984Date of Patent: October 2, 1984Inventors: Frank P. Achorn, Carl A. Cole, Jr.
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Patent number: RE31801Abstract: A clear, storable, aqueous solution of partially condensed urea and formaldehyde substantially free of formic acid supplies non-burning and slow-releasing plant food nitrogen when applied directly to the foliage of living grasses, and agricultural and ornamental plants or to soils having neutral or acid surfaces. The substantially ammonia free solution has a pH between 7.5 and 9.8 and contains added buffering agents so that between 0.05 and 0.30 milliequivalents of phosphoric acid are required to reduce pH of one gram to 7.0; and is prepared by the partial condensation of from 1.5 to 2.0 mols urea with 1.0 mol formaldehyde for 20 to 300 minutes at temperatures between 75.degree. and 90.degree. C. with between 0.05 and 0.3 milliequivalents of alkali hydroxide per gram of solution as catalyst.Type: GrantFiled: November 15, 1982Date of Patent: January 15, 1985Assignee: Hawkeye Chemical CompanyInventor: William P. Moore, Jr.
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Patent number: T105301Abstract: The present invention relates to the reaction of phosphate rock with nitric acid and urea to produce nitrogen-phosphorus containing slurries, which slurries may be granulated and dried to produce solid N-P fertilizer products with agronomically advantageous low pHs (1.1-4.0). Products with optimum physical and chemical properties were discovered by investigating the characteristics of each individual material as a function of the nitric acid acidulation ratio (mole ratio HNO.sub.3 :CaO) and the mole ratio urea:CaO present in each product. Acidulation ratios ranged from 1.2 to 2.1 while ratios urea:CaO ranged from 1.6 to 4.0. Selected products with optimum physicochemical properties are tabulated below:______________________________________ Acidulation Ratio Ratio Melting HNO.sub.3 :CaO, M/M Urea:CaO, M/M Grade Pt, .degree.C. ______________________________________ 1.2 2.2 23.8--11.7--0 137-139 1.4 2.4 25.0--11.0--0 136 1.6 2.8 25.9--9.9--0 133-137 1.8 3.0 26.4--9.2--0 134-135 2.0 3.3 27.2--8.7--0 130 2.1 3.Type: GrantFiled: May 21, 1984Date of Patent: April 2, 1985Inventors: Jack M. Sullivan, Yong K. Kim, Kjell R. Waerstad