Abstract: A debugging method for production line devices may include: receiving control commands for a plurality of first devices in a production line, where respective control programs may be configured for the plurality of first devices; and calling the control programs for the plurality of first devices according to the control commands for the plurality of first devices respectively so as to debug the plurality of first devices.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for setting a breakpoint for debugging a neural network. User input is received by a debugger program executable by a host processor indicating a target layer of a neural network at which to halt execution of the neural network. The neural network includes a first set of instructions to be executed by a first execution engine and a second set of instructions to be executed by a second execution engine. A first halt point is set within the first set of instructions and a second halt point is set within the second set of instructions. It is then determined that operation of the first execution engine and the second execution engine has halted. It is then determined that the first execution engine has reached the first halt point. The second execution engine is then caused to move through instructions until reaching the second halt point.

Abstract: Systems and methods for proactive support of computing assets are presented. In contrast to existing techniques of reactive support, the proactive support techniques disclosed herein automatically collect operating data from a plurality of computing devices, analyze the operating data to identify predictive indicators associated with error conditions, identify a subset of affected computing devices that match the predictive indicators, and execute corrective scripts to remediate or avoid such error conditions before problems are experienced on the affected computing devices. The operating data may be used to train a machine learning model in order to identify the predictive indicators associated with each error condition. In some embodiments, the corrective scripts may be automatically generated to adjust operating parameters or applications of the affected computing devices based upon the identified predictive indicators.

Abstract: An embodiment of an electronic apparatus may comprise one or more substrates, and a controller coupled to the one or more substrates, the controller including circuitry to provide management of a connected hardware subsystem with respect to one or more of reliability, availability and serviceability, and coordinate the management of the connected hardware subsystem with respect to one or more of reliability, availability and serviceability between the connected hardware subsystem and a host. Other embodiments are disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: A method may include, within a security container executing on an information handling system, in response to a request from a process container to store data to a trusted partition of a memory, wherein the process container is configured to execute user processes of the information handling system: validating whether the data is safe and trusted, responsive to determining that the data is safe and trusted, causing a storage container associated with the trusted partition and configured to manage data stored to the trusted partition to store a read-only file of the data to the trusted partition, and persisting the read-only file through a wipe of the information handling system, such that the read-only file is accessible following a restore of the information handling system following the wipe.

Abstract: The techniques disclosed herein enable systems to measure the long-term reliability of machine learning agents prior to deployment at a control system. This is achieved through analysis of control system component specifications to determine a useful lifespan of the components such as projected failure rate, hours continuous operation, and so forth. The system can derive parameters for the machine learning agent to interact with the components such as action frequency and action range. From the component lifespan, action frequency, and action range, an accelerated test procedure is constructed to evaluate the reliability of the machine learning agent. From executing the accelerated test procedure, a reliability score can be calculated for the machine learning agent.

Abstract: Conversion to a virtual target may be performed for a source of a data store migration. A request that selects one of multiple data store conversion targets as a virtual target of data store migration from a source of the data store migration may be received. One or more conversion scripts for the data store migration may be generated based on an analysis of a possible conversion between the source of the data store migration and the virtual target of the data store migration using metadata obtained from the source of the data store migration that describes the source of the data store migration and a model corresponding to the virtual target of the data store migration. The conversion scripts may be stored for later execution.

Abstract: The present disclosure involves systems, software, and computer implemented methods for executing integration scenario regression tests in customer landscapes. One example method includes identifying a request to create a test case for an integration scenario for a cloud platform customer. The test case is created for the scenario, including enabling the test case to run in an isolated customer environment specific to the customer. An update to the cloud platform is identified. The update is provisionally applied to the cloud platform for the customer. The test case is executed in the isolated customer environment, to test the scenario for the customer. A determination is made as to whether execution of the test case succeeded. In response to determining successful test case execution, the update to the cloud platform is finalized for the customer. In response to determining unsuccessful test case execution, the update is rolled back for the customer.

Abstract: Representative apparatus, method, and system embodiments are disclosed for a self-scheduling processor which also provides additional functionality. Representative embodiments include a self-scheduling processor, comprising: a processor core adapted to execute a received instruction; and a core control circuit adapted to automatically schedule an instruction for execution by the processor core in response to a received work descriptor data packet. In another embodiment, the core control circuit is also adapted to schedule a fiber create instruction for execution by the processor core, to reserve a predetermined amount of memory space in a thread control memory to store return arguments, and to generate one or more work descriptor data packets to another processor or hybrid threading fabric circuit for execution of a corresponding plurality of execution threads. Event processing, data path management, system calls, memory requests, and other new instructions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods for identifying security control steps in software development pipelines. A method includes enumerating a plurality of steps in a software development infrastructure by analyzing software development pipeline data of the software development infrastructure, wherein each step includes a set of computer instructions for performing at least one task; identifying a plurality of step properties for each of the plurality of steps in step data of the step; and classifying at least one of the plurality of steps as a security control step based on the plurality of step properties identified for each of the plurality of steps, wherein each step classified as a security control step includes instructions for at least analyzing code in order to determine whether at least one security requirement is met.

Abstract: A method for managing multiple checkpoints stored in a memory unit, the method may include (a) managing a checkpoint tree, by a memory controller; the checkpoint tree comprises reference nodes and active nodes; wherein a reference node of the reference nodes holds a snapshot of a parent checkpoint taken at the time that a child checkpoint was created from the parent checkpoint; wherein an active node of the active nodes that is associated with the parent node stores changes to the parent checkpoint introduced after a creation of the active node; and wherein the parent checkpoint and the child checkpoint belong to multiple checkpoints stored in the checkpoint tree; (b) receiving access requests to access key value (KV) pairs of one or more checkpoints of the multiple checkpoints; and (c) responding to the access requests based, at least in part, on the checkpoint tree.

Abstract: A method of simulating device state changes in an integrated system includes receiving a transaction request from a client device, storing the transaction request as a first event in an event log, transmitting the transaction request to a terminal device, storing the transmission of the transaction request as a second event in the event log, receiving a device response from the terminal device, storing the device response as a third event in the event log, and when the integrated system is under test, a simulator replays the stored events in the integrated system under test.

Abstract: Techniques and systems for test case selection and ordering with covert minimum set cover for functional qualification are described. Some embodiments can determine a first set of test cases by, iteratively, identifying a set of faults that is covered by a smallest set of test cases, determining whether or not a test case that covers a fault is able to detect the fault, and selecting and adding a test case to the first set of test cases. Next, the embodiments can execute a minimum set cover process on the first set of test cases by using coverage scores for test cases in the first set of test cases for ranking.

Abstract: Methods and systems for content distribution and management are presented. A transaction flow for conducting different stages of a transaction is determined in response to a request for the transaction from an application executable at a user device. The transaction flow includes a sequence of content pages to be displayed within a graphical user interface (GUI) of the application over the different stages of the transaction. The content associated with a tagged UI element of at least one content page is identified. The content is validated for the tagged UI element of the at least one content page, based on a software and hardware configuration of the user device. The validated content is provided via a network to the application at the user device to be displayable with the tagged UI element on the at least one content page of the transaction flow during a corresponding stage of the transaction.

Abstract: Systems and methods for implementing a verification of core file debugging resources are disclosed. A plurality of mappings are created from a core file comprising a plurality of filenames and a plurality of target build identifiers (IDs). The core file corresponds to a computer program crash event and each one of the plurality of mappings map one of the plurality of filenames to a corresponding one of the plurality of target build IDs. Responsive to creating the plurality of mappings, a first file is located that corresponds to a first filename included in a first mapping from the plurality of mappings. The first comprises a first target build ID. A processing device utilizes the first file to analyze the computer program crash event in response to determining that the first file build ID matches the first target build ID.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods related to on-boarding software applications on a platform used in a content delivery and/or service provider network. In one embodiment, a centralized platform such as a premises gateway is provided to act as an application portal or store for all consumer devices that connects to a service provider network. In one variant, a software architecture is provided for the gateway which includes at least one of an open-sourced OS (e.g., OpenWrt) and containerization engine (e.g., Docker) which enables a broader range of application compatibility with the gateway itself and end user devices within the premises by abstracting the services and functions above the specific hardware/firmware configurations of each of the end user devices.

Abstract: Log data that includes a plurality of log records is asynchronously processed to validate a configuration of each log record and data included in each log record. It is determined that one or more attributes of a particular subset of log records of the plurality of log records corresponds to one or more errors. Using the particular subset, one or more enriched log records are generated by augmenting each log record of the particular subset of log records with error information that indicates one or more categories corresponding to the one or more errors. A user interface is generated to facilitate correction of the one or more errors, the user interface comprising a plurality of interactive elements corresponding to a plurality of error metrics of different categories of errors, wherein the one or more categories of the one or more errors are included in the different categories of errors.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to a system that includes a storage component that stores data and a processor. The processor may install an application using a portion of the storage component, partition the portion of the storage component from a remaining portion of the storage component, and execute the application via the portion of the storage component.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, apparatus, systems, and computer readable storage media for interacting with components across different domains in a single user interface in an online social network. The user interface includes a first component and a second component, where the first component exposes content from a first database system at a first network domain and the second component exposes content from a second database system at a second network domain. A first interaction with the first component is received at a computing device, followed by a reference being provided in the second component, where the reference includes information related to the first interaction. A second interaction with the second component regarding the reference can be received at the computing device. Interactions between the components hosted on different database systems can occur through an application programming interface (API).

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments enable applying production nature to a software signature post-build (or even post-release), where the signature type is determined by the existence of a production-signed intermediate CA certificate—either hosted in the cloud (for pure release immutability), or re-ingested into the package (if certain modification are allowed). This allows a so-called deferred issuance of the product release. Even if the CA certificate is to be reinserted into the package, this modification likely affects only the delivery shell (e.g., installer) and may not require format-specific binary changes of, possibly heterogeneous, artifacts therein.

Abstract: A system and method is disclosed for injecting in-process agents into processes executing self-contained, statically linked binaries that do not interact with a dynamic loader mechanism that identifies and resolves required libraries at run time. System calls directed to the execution of binaries in processes are intercepted and the targeted binary is analyzed to determine whether it is statically linked. In case a statically linked binary is identified, a proxy launcher process is started instead of the binary which starts the original binary as traceable child process. After the child process has loaded the original binary into its process memory, the memory image of the child process is copied to the launcher process and the child process is terminated. An agent is loaded into the launcher process to instruments the copied memory image.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, systems, and computer-readable medium to perform operations including: generating a font that includes a plurality of glyphs for characters of a language; generating a plurality of duplicate glyphs for the characters, wherein each duplicate glyph is associated with: (i) a respective letterform representing one of the characters, and (ii) a respective glyph code; swapping the respective letterforms of the plurality of duplicate glyphs such that the respective letterforms are mismatched with the respective glyph codes; designating the plurality of duplicate glyphs as a scrambling font style of the font; and providing a representation of the font for output on a graphical user interface (GUI) displayed on a display device.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method includes: detecting, by one or more processors, an indication that suggests a node has crashed, wherein the node is included in a distributed computing environment; in response to the detecting, confirming by the one or more processors whether the node has crashed by performing a set of probes on the node; and in response to the confirming that the node has crashed, initiating by the one or more processors a remediation of the node.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods are provided for using a synthetic content model verification. A system may receive, at a front end service, inputs of a content campaign. The system may determine, based on the inputs, validation criterion. The system may determine, by the front end service, that a first input satisfies first validation criteria, and may send the inputs to a back end service. The system may receive, by the front end service from the back end service, a first indication that a second input fails to satisfy second validation criteria. The system may receive, at the front end service, a third input replacing the second input. The system may send, by the front end service to the back end service, the third input, and may receive, by the front end service from the back end service, a second indication that the third input satisfies the second validation criteria.

Abstract: Techniques for providing a data confidence index are presented herein. In one embodiment, a method includes setting a default confidence index for a remote computing device, the confidence index indicating trustworthiness of data provided by the remote computing device, the remote computing device operating as part of a network of cooperating devices; applying a plurality of ordered rules for the remote computing device, respective rules comprising a rule pre-condition and a confidence index adjustment, respective rules considering one of a behavior of the remote computing device and a property of the remote computing device; and adjusting the confidence index for the remote computing device responsive to results of applying the plurality of ordered rules. A system and apparatus substantially perform steps of the disclosed method.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments provide techniques for generating and using a Global Error-Code Sequence (GECS), with the role of generating, at request, a unique error identification number (ID). The scope of the unique identification number can include worldwide, company-wide, or a certain application ecosystem, such as eCommerce applications, etc. The GECS forms a strong correlation between an error condition and a known solution. While other logging signatures such as line numbers, stack traces, and addresses can change with new releases or invocations, the GECS enables a tighter coupling between an error condition and a knowledgebase document, which enables faster resolution of computer application problems and reduced downtime.

Abstract: An information handling system includes a memory and a baseboard management controller. The memory includes a recovery partition including a recovery kernel, a first boot partition including first firmware, and a second boot partition including backup firmware. The baseboard management controller (BMC) attempts a first boot operation of the first firmware in the first boot partition. In response to a failure of the first boot operation, the BMC attempts a second boot operation of the backup firmware in the second boot partition. In response to a failure of the second boot operation, the BMC operates a recovery kernel. During the operation of the recovery kernel, the BMC provides a firmware request to an enclosure controller, receives blocks of correct firmware from a functioning baseboard management controller, stores the blocks of correct firmware in the first boot partition, attempts and completes a third boot operation of the correct firmware.

Abstract: A method may include extracting, from a function included in code, sub-tokens and program analysis features, generating sub-token vectors from the sub-tokens and a program analysis vector from the program analysis features, combining, by a machine learning model, the sub-token vectors to obtain a combined sub-token vector, combining the combined sub-token vector and the program analysis vector to obtain a function vector, and classifying, using the function vector, the function as a function category.

Abstract: A user-annotated reference implementation identifies variable values generated by the reference implementation during its execution. A software implementation under analysis is executed. Variable values in the running memory of the program code of the software implementation under analysis, during its execution, are identified and copied. The variable values traced from the running memory of the program code are compared against the annotated variable values generated by the reference implementation, to determine a similarity between the program code under analysis, and the reference implementation. An output is generated that is indicative of whether the traced variables from the program code under analysis are the same as the annotated variable values generated by the reference implementation.

Abstract: Aspects described herein may use machine learning models to predict one or more remediation actions to mitigate reoccurrence of an incident that has become restored based upon previous incidents of an entity. Historical incident data is compiled into two incident datasets: one representative of incidents that were assigned a remediation action to mitigate reoccurrence of the incident, and a second representative of incidents that were not assigned a remediation action. A machine learning model matches relationships between data in the two datasets and outputs scores representative of similarities. Based on the scores, one or more remediation actions are mapped to an incident in the second dataset and the remediation action is performed for the incident.

Abstract: According to an aspect of an embodiment, operations for detection of API compatibility across software versions are provided. The operations may include receiving an input associated with a software application. The operations may further include determining first information. The operations may further include extracting a set of data from one or more web-based sources based on the determined first information. The operations may further include executing a set of operations including one or more pattern searching operations on the extracted set of data to generate a compatibility result. The operations may further include controlling a display device based on the generated compatibility result. The display device may be controlled to display assistive information which informs about a compatibility of the one or more APIs or the functions used in the source code of the software application with respect to the second version of the software.

Abstract: An extended enterprise browser provides protection from ransomware attacks against SaaS and private enterprise application. In one implementation, the extended enterprise browser supports at least two different endpoint security certificates. A selection of the endpoint security certificate is made based on a ransomware risk level posture. Various factors may be used to determine the ransomware risk level posture to aid preventing ransomware attacks.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an apparatus includes an instance of a distributed database at a first compute device configured to be included within a set of compute devices that implement the distributed database. The apparatus also includes a processor configured to define a first event linked to a first set of events. The processor is configured to receive, from a second compute device from the set of compute devices, a signal representing a second event (1) defined by the second compute device and (2) linked to a second set of events. The processor is configured to identify an order associated with a third set of events based at least one a result of a protocol. The processor is configured to store in the instance of the distributed database the order associated with the third set of events.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method includes receiving information identifying an input bot for testing. The method also includes detecting a functionality performed by the input bot. The method also includes creating a plurality of inputs for simulation of the functionality of the input bot. The method also includes executing the input bot a plurality of times using a same sample of actions. The method also includes checking for consistency of at least one of behavior and output for the same sample of actions. The method also includes executing the input bot a plurality of times using different samples of actions. The method also includes generating an execution plan for the input bot. The method also includes automatically validating the input bot, where the validation results in an automated determination of whether the input bot is defective.

Abstract: A knowledge base record can include executable language. Executing of the instructions of the record can include at least one of: a) searching for one or more terms in a log file associated with a data processing system; b) performing an API call; or c) getting or setting a field in a configuration file or database. The instructions can be executed to determine whether an issue is present with the data processing system, or to take corrective action.

Abstract: A computer system determines stack usage. An intercept function is executed to store a stack marker in a stack, wherein the intercept function is invoked when a program enters or exits each function of a plurality of functions of the program. A plurality of stack markers are identified in the stack and a memory address is determined for each stack marker during execution of the program to obtain a plurality of memory addresses. The plurality of memory addresses are analyzed to identify a particular memory address associated with a greatest stack depth. A stack usage of the program is determined based on the greatest stack depth. Embodiments of the present invention further include a method and program product for determining stack usage in substantially the same manner described above.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention disclose a method, computer program product, and system for determining a response to a query from a user. The method includes one or more processors receiving a query associated with a software product. The query includes an indication of an error. The method further includes one or more processors determining whether a response to the query is available in an accessible knowledge base. In response to determining that a response to the query is not available, the method further includes one or more processors identifying content in program code of the software product that corresponds to the indicated error of the received query. The method further includes one or more processors determining a response to the query based on the identified content in the program code. The determined response to the query includes diagnostic information corresponding to the indicated error.

Abstract: The disclosed technology teaches reducing threat detection processing by applying similarity measures. The method includes recognizing that a file is an edited version of a previously processed file and retrieving, from an archive, at least an entropy measure of the previously processed file, and calculating an entropy measure for the edited version of the file. The method applies a similarity measure to compare the entropy measures for the edited version and the previously processed file, avoiding full threat scanning of the file to detect malware except when the similarity measure reaches a scanning trigger. When any similarity measure or combination of similarity measures reaches a trigger, the technology teaches processing the file by using a threat detection module to detect malware. Further included is logging the edited version of the file for further processing when the similarity measure reaches a logging trigger.

Abstract: The present disclosure involves systems, software, and computer implemented methods for executing integration scenario regression tests in customer landscapes. One example method includes identifying a request to create a test case for an integration scenario for a cloud platform customer. The test case is created for the scenario, including enabling the test case to run in an isolated customer environment specific to the customer. An update to the cloud platform is identified. The update is provisionally applied to the cloud platform for the customer. The test case is executed in the isolated customer environment, to test the scenario for the customer. A determination is made as to whether execution of the test case succeeded. In response to determining successful test case execution, the update to the cloud platform is finalized for the customer. In response to determining unsuccessful test case execution, the update is rolled back for the customer.

Abstract: A system and methods for contact center fault diagnostics, comprising a diagnostic engine and test cases used for testing components and services in a contact center, designed to operate on a contact center with a specified test campaign, allowing a contact center's various services and systems to be tested either internally or externally in an automated fashion with specified testcases being used to specify the format and expectations of a specific test, with reports of failures and points of failure being made available to system administrators.

Abstract: Detecting non-callable external component APIs is provided. It is determined whether a first function call stack of a worker thread in a multi-threaded application of the computer matches a second function call stack of the worker thread. In response to determining that the first function call stack matches the second function call stack of the worker thread, an external component application programming interface (API) corresponding to the worker thread is identified from a function call stack of the worker thread. The external component API corresponding to the worker thread is marked as non-callable in an API state map. The worker thread is marked as being in a hang state. The worker thread in the hang state is terminated as a remediation action step to maintain performance.

Abstract: A pipeline for securely validating computer executable code in a third-party cloud environment is provided. The pipeline comprises an on-boarding account and a run account. The on-boarding account is configured to allow the user to access computer executable code input into the third-party cloud environment from the user and prevent the user from accessing the protected data input into the third-party cloud environment from a secure provider. The on-boarding account is also configured to transmit the computer executable code from the on-boarding account to another account in the third-party cloud environment if a first predetermined criterion is met. The run account is configured to allow the user to execute the computer executable code with the protected data and prevent the user from accessing the computer executable code. Moreover, a process for generating the pipeline and a method of securely validating computer executable code in a third-party cloud environment using the pipeline is provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to a system that includes a storage component that stores data and a processor. The processor may install an application using a portion of the storage component, partition the portion of the storage component from a remaining portion of the storage component, and execute the application via the portion of the storage component.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and method for generating a guest Operating System (OS) crash dump. In one aspect, an exemplary method comprises, obtaining information about a guest physical memory and a state of a guest CPU, determining guest page tables including a data structure for mapping between the guest physical memory and guest virtual pages using registers of the guest CPU, identifying an interrupt handler and determining an address of the interrupt handler using the guest page tables and the registers of guest CPU, finding a location of a kernel image in memory by scanning virtual addresses backward starting from the interrupt handler until a beginning of an executable kernel module is found, identifying and fetching debug symbols, determining system task descriptors using the debug symbols, determining debugger relevant data using the debug symbols, and generating the crash dump header using the system task descriptors and the debugger relevant data.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for test case priority selection includes initiating execution of a set of test cases associated with a system under test. Further, the set of test cases are executed according to a first order of execution, and during the execution, at runtime a failing test case, from the set of test cases is determined. Further, at runtime, from the set of test cases, a subset of test cases that are not yet executed is identified. Further, at runtime, a priority value is assigned to each test case from the subset of test cases, the priority value based on a similarity of the test case with the failing test case. Further, at runtime, the set of test cases is reorganized to execute the subset of test cases in a second order of execution based on priority values that are assigned.

Abstract: Systems and methods include providing functionality for the user device while operating in background on the user device including providing secure connectivity with a cloud-based system over a network; continuously collecting packets intercepted by the enterprise application over a time interval, wherein the collected packets are collected over the time interval; and responsive to an issue with functionality of the enterprise application, transmitting the collected packets to a back end server for troubleshooting of the issue. The time interval is a set amount of time, and each collected packet is deleted at the expiration of the time interval.

Abstract: Architectures or techniques are presented that can facilitate automated function testing (AFT) in connection with an HVAC system or component thereof. The architectures detailed herein can facilitate creation, modification, or duplication of quiz data (e.g., a test). This quiz data can be executed in order to automatically test the function of the HVAC system or component. Additionally, prior to execution, a verification procedure can be performed to ensure that an expected state indicated in the quiz data can in fact be exhibited by the device. Further, execution of the quiz data can include an exit condition that, when satisfied can cause termination of the execution prior to completion. Such can be useful to avoid potentially dangerous situations or to avoid undue disruption to a service provided by the HVAC system.

Abstract: In some implementations, a method includes receiving, by a malware detection system, a request for a certification user interface element for a file to be served in an Internet resource, wherein the file is a file that has previously been classified as not containing malware by the malware detection system, and wherein the certification user interface element certifies that the file has been classified by the malware detection system as not containing malware, determining, based on the request, that the file is available for download from an Internet resource, and storing data that identifies the Internet resource as a location where a malware-free file is available for download.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for verifying functionality of software. A set of code that is to be validated is identified. A first configuration is determined for the set of code that configures the code as a first build for validation. The first build is released for a first validation process. Prior to completion of validation of the first build, a second configuration is determined for the set of code that configures the code as a second build for validation. The second build is released for a second validation process prior to completion of validation of the first build. The first and second validation process are staged so that the first and second builds can be reverted independently of one another in the event of a validation issue. The first and second validation process are independently completed in the absence of a validation issue.

Abstract: Implementations are provided herein for systems, methods, and a non-transitory computer product configured to use predictive analysis of quantifiable parameters associated with individual files stored on a distributed file storage system. In some embodiments, parameters are analyzed by machine learning so that scheduled antivirus scanning can be intelligently conducted. We teach creating a sequential order for scheduled antivirus scanning such that the files most likely to be accessed or needed by users in the future will be scanned for viruses before those files less likely to be accessed. Our teachings encompass the use of heuristic data compiled and analyzed on a per-file basis. We enable system administrators to determine which parameters to prioritize and to set thresholds for antivirus scanning such as time limits.