Abstract: According to exemplary embodiments, a system, method, and computer program product are provided for BER-based wear leveling in a SSD. A block-level BER value for a block in the SSD is determined. An adjusted PE cycle count for the block is incremented or decremented based on the block-level BER value. Wear leveling is then performed in the SSD based on the adjusted PE cycle count.

Abstract: An internode put requesting unit detects a time-out with respect to a put request issued to the next node in the order of a multiplexing chain and notifies a put/get executing unit of the time-out. The put/get executing unit sends an error to the previous node in the order of the multiplexing chain or a client and instructs a put-failed-data synchronizing unit to synchronize data failed to be put, and the put-failed-data synchronizing unit performs a synchronization process. A primary makes other put requests wait until completion of the synchronization process. Furthermore, when having received the error, the client issues a get request to the tail end of the multiplexing chain.

Abstract: In a method for correcting errors occurring in attention (AT) commands of a mobile device, the mobile device includes a first user identity module (UIM) chipset, a second UIM chipset, a buffer and a timer. The method sets a response time for a communication between the first UIM chipset and the second chipset according to an AT command, backups the AT command into the buffer, and counts a communication time using the timer. When the communication time exceeds the response time, the method restarts the first UIM chipset using a watchdog timer and restarts the second UIM chipset by resetting voltage levels of I/O pins of the second UIM chipset. The method further clears the communication data stored in the buffer, reads the AT command from the buffer and resends the AT command to control the first UIM chipset to communicate with the UIM second chipset normally.

Abstract: Each of SAS expanders (“expander(s)” hereinafter) has a switch device for switching whether to bypass the expander in each communication path or not. Of the plurality of switch devices, an actual connection destination of a switch device bypassing the expander is a switch device in a upper-level and/or a lower-level of the switch device. Of the plurality of switch devices, an actual connection destination of a switch device that does not bypass an expander is the expander.

Abstract: A transmitting device includes a setting unit that sets the data length of an error correcting code whose data length is variable, an error correcting code calculator that calculates the error correcting code having the data length set by the setting unit for transmission-subject data as an information word, and a transmitting unit that transmits, to a receiving device existing in the same device, coded data that is data of a codeword obtained by adding the error correcting code obtained by calculation by the error correcting code calculator to the transmission-subject data.

Abstract: A system including a plurality of servers, a client, and a metadata server is described herein. The servers each store tracts of data, a plurality of the tracts comprising a byte sequence and being distributed among the plurality of servers. To locate the tracts, the metadata server generates a table that is used by the client to identify servers associated with the tracts, enabling the client to provide requests to the servers. The metadata server also enables recovery in the event of a server failure. Further, the servers construct tables of tract identifiers and locations to use in responding to the client requests.

Abstract: An encoding/transmitting apparatus that is used to transmit moving-picture data from a transmitting side to a receiving side through a transmission path and to subject the moving-picture data to streaming in the receiving side has an external-output request determining unit that monitors the state of a network. If the network assumes an undesirable state, the request determining unit causes a multiplex output unit to stop multiplexing data. When the network assumes a desirable state, the multiplex unit starts multiplexing the data again. A video encoding unit and an audio encoding unit keep encoding data, whether the multiplex output unit is multiplexing data or not. When the area occupied by encoded data in an encoded-video-data storage unit and the area occupied by encoded data in an encoded-audio-data storage unit exceed a predetermined value, the encoding units stop encoding data, and wait until the area occupied by encoded data sufficiently decreases.

Abstract: A differential communication bus comprising a master module and a plurality of slave modules connected to at least first and second conductors whereby to communicate between the master and slave modules. The master module comprises a driver for applying first and second voltages respectively to the first and second conductors and for sourcing and sinking currents in the first and second conductors. The driver controls a difference between the first and second voltages and a common mode value of the first and second voltages. The driver includes first sourcing and sinking current limiters and second sourcing and sinking current limiters for limiting the currents in the first and second conductors. The master module is selectively responsive to a fault condition triggering simultaneous activation of the first and second sourcing current limiters or of the first and second sinking current limiters to disable the driver.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for encoding feedback signals is provided. The method includes: encoding feedback signals of three carriers to output a bit sequence; and transmitting the bit sequence on a High Speed-Dedicated Physical Control Channel (HS-DPCCH). The step of encoding the feedback signals of the three carriers may specifically include: mapping the feedback signals of the three carriers into a codeword, in which the codeword can be selected from a codebook, and codewords in the codebook satisfy a particular code distance relationship. The method for jointly encoding feedback signals of three carriers in a Ternary Cell (TC) mode is provided. Feedback signals are transmitted over a single code channel. Therefore, power overhead is reduced, and system performance is improved.

Abstract: One or more switches are interposed between a controller portion and a storage device. When transmission of a command to a certain storage device fails, a command is transmitted starting from an upstream side to a downstream side of a path between the controller portion and the switch to which the certain storage device is connected, and when command transmission fails while transmitting a command from a kth switch (k is an integer of 0 or more) which is connected to a (k+1)th switch and is one level upstream of the (k+1)th switch or from any port of the controller portion, it is determined that a failure has occurred in a power source that supplies power to the (k+1)th switch.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for identifying a relationship between multiple interrelated applications running in a mainframe environment. A repository is created to store information describing the multiple interrelated applications from the mainframe environment. A target application among the multiple interrelated applications is identified, and a frequency and a dependency relationship between the application and the multiple interrelated applications is determined. The relationship is displayed via a user interface. The relationship may be used to identify a cause of a failure in a mainframe environment.

Abstract: It is possible to provide a radio transmission device, a radio reception device, and a radio communication method which can suppress increase of the feedback overhead and improve the throughput characteristic. In ST 304, an UE performs an error judgment for each of CW. In ST 305, a comparison is made on quality between streams in the CW containing the error. ST 306 transmits Nack and quality difference information to a BS. In ST 307, it is reported to the BS that an error has occurred in the CW in the preceding transmission and that one of the streams is a high-quality stream. Moreover, ST 307 selects data which has been transmitted as CW retransmission data in a low-quality stream in the preceding transmission and decides to transmit the selected data from two streams. ST 308 generates a retransmission CW. ST 309 arranges the retransmission CW in the two streams and transmits the retransmission CW to the UE.

Abstract: A first transceiver that supports hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (hybrid ARQ) functionality is operated. Initially, it is operated to transmit data blocks having a nominal maximum data block size, M0. In response to detecting that a second transceiver does not have sufficient soft buffer memory space to store data blocks associated with an anticipated number of active hybrid ARQ processes, the transceiver is operated to transmit data blocks having a reduced data block size, M?. The anticipated number of active hybrid ARQ processes can be, for example, higher than a nominal number of active hybrid ARQ processes.

Abstract: A technique for iterative decoding between turbo and Reed Solomon (RS) decoders for improving bit error rate (BER) and packet error rate (PER) in a receiver in a wireless communication system comprises receiving data samples comprising turbo encoded packets and RS code words at the receiver; decoding turbo encoded packets of the received data samples using a turbo decoder; decoding RS code words of the received data samples using a RS decoder; feeding the RS decoded data to turbo decoder to perform a plurality of iterations; and correcting data errors present in the received data samples.

Abstract: An interleaving method according to the present invention is an interleaving method implemented when interleaving is performed on an encoded sequence after being error-correction encoded in a communication device on a data transmission side. This method is implemented in such a manner that an inter-carrier interleaver (6) rearranges carrier numbers according to an error correction method, and separates the encoded sequence after being error-correction encoded by each number of bits corresponding to a modulation method obtained for each carrier, and that an inner-carrier bit interleaver (5) rearranges bits by the number of bits separated according to the modulation method.

Abstract: A system comprising communication logic capable of receiving data signals from a network. The signals comprise both erasure error and random error. The system also comprises processing logic coupled to the communication logic and adapted to partition parity check bytes of the received signals into a first portion and a second portion. The processing logic uses the first portion for random error correction and the second portion for erasure error correction.

Abstract: Distributed processing LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) decoder. A means is presented herein that includes an LDPC decoding architecture leveraging a distributed processing technique (e.g., daisy chain) to increase data throughput and reduce memory storage requirements. Routing congestion and critical path latency are also improved thereby. Each daisy chain includes a number of registers, and a number of localized MUXs (e.g., MUXs having merely 2 inputs each). The means presented herein also does not contain any barrel shifters, high fan-in multiplexers, or interconnection networks; therefore, the critical path is relatively short and it can also be pipelined to further increase data throughput. If desired, a communication device can include multiple configurations of such daisy chains to accommodate the decoding of various LDPC coded signals (e.g., such as for an application and/or communication device that must decoded LDPC codes using different low density parity check matrices).

Abstract: A data processing apparatus 2 is provided including diagnostic mechanism 10, 12 and comparator circuitry 8. The comparator circuitry 8 is responsive to a signal indicative of execution of a block of program instructions to trigger any watchpoints or watch ranges within that block of program instructions. The relative ordering of the watchpoints or watch ranges is established by ordering characteristics associated therewith, such as programmable priority values, or an implicit ordering given by the storage location of the watchpoint or watch range.

Abstract: Provided are a server and client for determining error restoration according to image data transmission, and a method thereof. The server includes a forward error correction (FEC) mode performer to output image data in which a redundant bit for error correction is added, an automatic repeat request (ARQ) mode performer to outputs the image data after receiving a response signal according to a data reception from a client that receives the image data, a mode determiner to determine whether to operate in an FEC mode or an ARQ mode so that error restoration is performed on the image data according to a reception buffering capacity of the client in regard to image data, and an interface to transmit image data outputted from the FEC mode performer or the ARQ mode performer to the client.

Abstract: A data transmission apparatus including a receiving unit for receiving transmitted packets; a priority decision unit; a retransmission packet storage unit; a retransmission instruction receiving unit for receiving a retransmission request from a terminal at the receiving end; a retransmission decision unit; a transmission queue management unit; and a transmission unit.

Abstract: A communication device configured to perform packet reception processing, with the header of a packet including a header sequence and a Reed-Solomon code, includes: a header check sequence inspecting unit configured to detect, based on the header check sequence included in a received packet header, an error of the header; a Reed-Solomon encoding unit configured to encode the header of a received packet other than the Reed-Solomon code to generate a Reed-Solomon code; a Reed-Solomon code inspecting unit configured to detect whether or not the Reed-Solomon code generated by the Reed-Solomon encoding unit is completely identical to the Reed-Solomon code within the received packet header; and a processing control unit configured to control payload processing of a received packet in accordance with the inspection results of the header check sequence inspecting unit and the Reed-Solomon code inspecting unit.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for enabling H-ARQ communication between a base station and one or more wireless terminals. Methods for enabling incremental redundancy (IR) based H-ARQ, Chase based H-ARQ and Space-Time Code combining (STC) based H-ARQ between devices for down-link and up-link direction transmissions are provided in the form of an information element (IE) for use with a Normal MAP convention as currently accepted in the draft version standard of IEEE 802.16. In addition, embodiments of the invention provide a resource management scheme to protect a network from abuse of resources from a wireless terminal not registered with the network. Components of the down-link and up-link mapping components of a data frame transmitted from the base station to one or more wireless terminals included messages that are readable by all wireless terminals as well as some messages that are encrypted and only readable by wireless terminals that are authenticated as being registered with the network.

Abstract: The present invention aims to largely improve a probability of successfully receiving a PDU retransmitted by a transmitter. To this end, provided is a communication method for continuously receiving multiple PDUs from a radio base station via a radio link. The method includes the steps of: determining whether or not any one of the multiple PDUs is lost; and making an instruction to the radio base station to increase the transmission power of the radio base station when it is determined that any one of the multiple PDUs is lost, the instruction being made before a retransmission timing when the transmitter retransmits the lost data piece.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and an apparatus for efficient ACKnowledgment/NonACKnowledgement (ACK/NACK) transmission in order to transmit forward data for multiple layers and support Hybrid Automatic Retransmission reQuest (HARQ) for each layer in a mobile communication system. The method includes determining whether transmission of the ACK/NACK is for a first layer or for layers higher than the first layer; and when the transmission of the ACK/NACK is for layers higher than the first layer, transmitting the reverse ACK/NACK by allocating resources to the higher layers with a quantity different from that of the first layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a Tandem Connection Monitoring (TCM) method in an MPLS network and a data structure of a Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) OAM packet for TCM. When data are provided to users through an LSP path comprising multiple network provider in an MPLS network, the method makes it possible to independently measure LSP performance at a user level, a service provider level, and a network provider level, detect quality degradation of ingress signals by measuring performance of a preceding network, and newly measure the performance quality at the current network regardless of the performance quality of the preceding network.

Abstract: The present invention provides a communication error detection apparatus that can detect errors of communication networks in a short term after the communication error detection apparatus are installed on the communication networks. In addition, the present invention provides a communication error detection apparatus that can immediately and correctly detect errors occurred in communication networks even if a connection configuration of the communication networks is changed. When the communication error detection apparatus according to the present invention is initially installed, the communication error detection apparatus performs a detection processing of the errors on the basis of a sampling method in which a sampling interval of packet signals up to a start of detection processing is a comparatively short.

Abstract: A method and system of establishing communications between at least two independent software modules is provided. The design comprises providing a media connection between software modules, wherein the software modules employ a communications protocol and participate in a bi-directional master-slave relationship between a master module and a slave module. The design further comprises sending arbitrary data between the master and slave modules, wherein the arbitrary data is used by the master module to control and obtain status from the slave module, and sending arbitrary data further enables the slave module to return data and status information to the master module. The design also employs a communications watchdog between the master and slave modules, wherein the communications watchdog monitors communications quality between the master and slave modules and impairs functionality in the master and slave modules when communications quality degrades.

Abstract: A method for performing MIMO transmission in a UE capable of triggering at least one HARQ procedure in a wireless communications system is disclosed. The method includes selecting at least one HARQ process or at least one HARQ entity corresponding to a specified transmitter according to at least one transmission condition, and performing the MIMO transmission through the selected at least one HARQ process or the selected at least one HARQ entity.

Abstract: Error protection based on a nonlinear code set may be used in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radio communications system. A decoder decodes received MIMO data streams and generates an automatic repeat request (ARQ) message for data units received for the MIMO data streams for each transmission time interval. An encoder codes the ARQ message using a code word from a nonlinear code set. At the data transmitter, which transmits one or more data units in transmission time intervals from two or more MIMO data streams, the ARQ message associated with the transmitted data units is decoded using a code word from the nonlinear code set.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for transmitting/receiving a signal in a communication system are provided. The method includes inputting an information word during initial transmission and transmitting a first code word created by encoding the inputted information word based on a first coding ratio, and transmitting a portion of a second code word created by encoding the first code word based on a second coding ratio at a retransmission request. Accordingly, the apparatus and method provide for transmitting/receiving signals in a communication system in such a manner that the complexity of the communication system is reduced.

Abstract: A method and system to send an acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) for High Rate Packet Data (HRPD) transmission. An ACK/NACK is encoded within an assignment message on a Forward Shared Signaling Channel (F-SSCH), which in turn saves bandwidth separately reserved for ACK/NACK transmission and also transmit power to send the ACK/NACK bits.

Abstract: A method, a system and an access device for implementing error correction are disclosed. The method includes upon receiving a data stream, identifying, by an access device, the data stream on which a forward error correction (FEC) needs to be performed and performing FEC coding on the data stream, and then sending out an FEC data stream generated by FEC coding together with a raw data stream, or sending out directly a data stream on which the FEC does not need to be performed. The system includes a data source for sending out a data stream and an access device for receiving the data stream from the data source, identifying the data stream on which a FEC needs to be performed, performing FEC coding on the data stream, and then sending out an FEC data stream generated by FEC coding together with a raw data stream, or sending out directly a data stream on which the FEC does not need to be performed.

Abstract: A programmable electronic controller in which one central arithmetic processing unit and a plurality of input devices and output devices are connected by means of a parallel bus, the controller being basically configured to activate a self-diagnostic function and a diagnostic test of the input devices and the output devices with an instruction from a microprocessor of the central arithmetic processing unit; and to judge the result with the microprocessor of the central arithmetic processing unit, by using the microprocessor installed in the central arithmetic processing unit also as a processor for tests (diagnostic tests) of the self-diagnostic function of the input devices and output devices and conducting tests of the self-diagnostic function of the plurality of input devices and output devices with the central arithmetic processing unit.