Abstract: Two elongated gripping members (12,12) cooperate to form a closed pressure chamber about a waxed billet (61). The gripping members are reciprocated relative to an extrusion station (13), such reciprocation first moving the pressure chamber toward and past the extrusion station so as to extrude the billet through a die (66) at the extrusion station, and then returning the gripping members, in separated condition, to their initial positions to permit the immediate loading of another billet between the gripping members. Also disclosed are various additional systems, e.g.

Abstract: A pull-back type indirect extrusion press is designed so that the scalping of billets can be effected inside the press independently of extrusion cycles and the scalped billet is allowed to stand by in a billet extrusion standby space which is provided with a heating element to heat the standby billet to maintain the same at a required temperature and into which a billet oxidation-preventive gas is admitted to prevent oxidation of the standby billet.

Abstract: A die stem and a billet-receiving sleeve extend rearwardly from an extrusion apparatus platen slide that is movable laterally from a first position in which the stem is aligned with a billet container passage behind it to a second position in which the sleeve is aligned with the passage. An extrusion stem behind the container is movable forward through the passage, and there is means behind the sleeve in the first position for pushing a hot billet into the sleeve. A die slide carried by the container and holding a die is movable laterally across the container from an inner position aligned with the container passage when the platen slide is in its first position to an outer position aligned with the die stem in the second position of the platen slide. In the sleeve there is means for pushing a billet out of the sleeve in the second position of the platen slide and into the container as the container is moved forward toward the sleeve.

Abstract: A press operated by the reverse method comprising a fixed tubular die casing defining a pressing axis, a main jack operative to displace a cross beam supported for displacement along the pressing axis, a displaceable holder disposed between the cross beam and the tubular die casing and having a bore disposed along the pressing axis for receiving a billet to be pressed. The bore has open ends and the holder is capable of fitting over the die casing by axial displacement thereof. A closure member is carried by a slide for closing one end of the bore in the holder; the slide is displaceable on the cross beam transversely with respect to the pressing axis. A support is slidably mounted parallel to the slide and is carried by an auxiliary cross beam which is slidably mounted on the main cross beam for movement parallel to the pressing axis. The support and the slide are simultaneously displaceable under the action of a jack or other suitable device.

Abstract: Two elongated gripping members (12,12) cooperate to form a closed pressure chamber about a waxed billet (61). The gripping members are reciprocated relative to an extrusion station (13), such reciprocation first moving the pressure chamber toward and past the extrusion station so as to extrude the billet through a die (66) at the extrusion station, and then returning the gripping members, in separated condition, to their initial positions to permit the immediate loading of another billet between the gripping members. Also disclosed are various additional systems, e.g.

Abstract: A billet loader for an extrusion press having simple premeasured adjustment capabilities facilitating the sequential loading of different diameter billets into a billet container therewith without requiring difficult realignment adjustments. The billet loader comprises a head having a pair of angled support surfaces, with a third adjustable support arm therebetween, permitting simple adaptability to a plurality of billet diameters. The head also includes a shearable connection with its support arm to minimize damage in case of loader malfunction.

Abstract: A method for warm forging a cup-shaped piece is disclosed. In warm forging a blank is heated between 400.degree. and 800.degree. C. and is inserted within a die having a cross sectional area substantially larger than that of the blank. The ends of the blank are clamped between a recess in the die and a recess in an upsetting punch and the upsetting punch compresses the blank until its sides become sufficiently bulged to almost touch, or touch, the sides of the die. The upsetting punch is then removed and a backward extruding punch is press fitted into the bulged blank and the blank is extruded to form a cup. The extrusion punch is lubricated and cooled by lubricant and coolant applicators at a position remote from the die so that the blank is not prematurely cooled by the coolant.

Abstract: Metal billets to be used for extrusion are cast and quickly cooled to their solidifying temperature to minimize grain growth and are delivered to a tempering oven where they cool to the temperature required for extrusion, thus also evening the temperature of the billet. They are kept at that temperature until taken to an extrusion press one at a time where the billet is maintained against cooling from its extrusion temperature throughout the extrusion time. The billet is of such size and shape that the time between the first solidification of the outer surface and the last solidification of the inner liquid metal thereof is not so great as to cause excessive grain structure. In the extruding machine, the tie rods that resist the extruding pressure are prestressed to prevent appreciable dimensional variations in the press due to normal variations in the extruding pressure.

Abstract: A composite section comprises a beam-like section which may in particular be made of a light-weight metal, and a facing of at least a part of at least one face of the beam-like section made of another metal. The beam-like part is produced by extruding a billet of metal through a die, and at the same time the facing strip is fed through the shape-giving opening in the die. Inside the die there is provided at least one moving face which may e.g. be in the form of a wheel, over which the facing strip passes in being fed to the die opening. Also the strip can be deformed during feeding or extrusion to provide a variety of shapes. The wheels can be shaped to effect the shaping of the strip. They also reduce friction and wear in the die. Measures are taken to allow easy access to such wheels for ease of repair or for changing the wheels.

Abstract: An extrusion machine is disclosed wherein wax or other suitable lubricant is applied to the side of the feedstock contacting the shoe of the extruder. A stick of wax may be supported in a cylinder having an open end facing the feedstock; the stick is a loose sliding fit in the cylinder and compressed gas introduced into the cylinder applies a substantially constant biassing force urging the stick into engagement with the feedstock and at the same time, by leaking between the stick of lubricant and the cylinder, cools the stick of lubricant to inhibit melting.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for continuously extruding rod feedstock through a die orifice while gripping two opposed sides of the feedstock to a pressure greater than the yield strength of the material with means for applying lubricant to the ungripped surfaces, constraining walls between which the feedstock is fed in the gripped condition, a stop at one end of the constraining walls, and a die orifice near the stop through which the feedstock is extruded, said lubricant applying means including at least two cylinders each having an open end facing a respective one of the ungripped surface when the apparatus is in use and means for introducing compressed gas into each of the cylinders.

Abstract: The invention describes a machine and a process whereby a material of unlimited length is continuously extruded into a tubular shape. Two annular toruses have their inner rims connected to rotating drive shafts by leaf springs. The exterior toroidal surfaces have suitable shaped grooves on them. The toruses are squeezed against each other radially by suitable means so as to cause a maximum radial deformation in each of them of a magnitude substantially greater than 0.2 percent but less than an amount that would cause permanent set in the torus material or the leaf springs. This deformation forms a contact length between the two toruses. A further requirement of the radial deformation on the two toruses is that the contact length between them be at least twice the extrusion length necessary for the contemplated extrusion. A bridge die supported by a die stem is located substantially at the center of the contact length.

Abstract: A process allows the production of composite sections made of at least two component parts such as conductor rails or the like having a beam like section with a facing in the form of a conductive metal strip. The process makes use of an extrusion die whereby at least one of the components of the composite section is fed to the die by means of frictional force on a face which moves continuously towards the die.

Abstract: Two rotors cooperate to advance a rod of indefinite length continuously into an extrusion die. Portions of radially extending surfaces of the two rotors are utilized to grip the rod therebetween, in order to effect such advance of the workpiece rod upon the simultaneous rotation of the two rotors. An annular groove extends along the appropriate radially extending surface of one of the rotors. Such annular groove serves to retain the rod therein while guiding rhe rod along a path leading to the die. The face-to-face arrangement of the two rotors along their respective radially extending surfaces permits a very high extrusion pressure to be supported, while also allowing effective sealing of the annular groove at such very high extrusion pressure.

Abstract: A process and device allows long as-cast billets to be extruded, with the help of a container which is divided into at least two segments which can be opened and closed radially with respect to the main axis. In the closed position, the segments grip the part of the billet inside the container and, as a result of a relative movement between a die mounted on a hollow stem, the said die is forced into a length of the billet inside the container as a result of which at least one section is extruded. On opening the segments, the billet is advanced to fill the container again whereupon the segments close, clamping onto the billet, and the extrusion sequence is repeated.

Abstract: A process and device for manufacturing, composite sections, by means of extrusion, are described. The composite sections comprise at least two components one of which is fed into the stream of metal being extruded and is securely joined to the face of the product without coming into contact with the face of the extrusion die.

Abstract: Aluminum or aluminum alloy scraps or wastes are broken into chips and extruded under a high temperature to produce extruded structural profiles. The method is characterized by the fact that the interior of the extruder is evacuated prior to or simultaneously with the extrusion step so as to exhaust air entrapped in the body of the chips. There is also disclosed apparatus suitable for performing the method.

Abstract: Two rotors cooperate to advance a rod of indefinite length continuously into an extrusion die. Portions of radially extending surfaces of the two rotors are utilized to grip the rod therebetween, in order to effect such advance of the workpiece rod upon the simultaneous rotation of the two rotors. An annular groove extends along the appropriate radially extending surface of one of the rotors. Such annular groove serves to retain the rod therein while guiding the rod along a path leading to the die. The face-to-face arrangement of the two rotors along their respective radially extending surfaces permits a very high extrusion pressure to be supported, while also allowing effective sealing of the annular groove at such very high extrusion pressure.

Abstract: Fine wire of indefinite length is produced at a high rate and in an economical manner from the surface of a billet, sheet or the like by creating a swelling on the surface of the work and forcing the swelling through a die in a single step.

Abstract: A holding force for retaining a billet and die against a die support is obtained by forming a pressure drop in the pressure medium flow in a gap between the billet and a surrounding constructional element inside the pressure chamber. The gap may be formed by the outer surface of the billet and the inner surface of the high pressure chamber. The gap may also be formed between the outer surface of the billet and the inner surface of a spacing tube mounted within the pressure chamber. The spacing tube is constructed with a portion having a smaller diameter than the remainder of the spacing tube to provide a gap to achieve a sufficient pressure drop for retaining the billet and die against the die support.

Abstract: A method of and device for making rods, tubes and profiled articles directly from a melt, especially metallic melt, by extrusion pressing by means of a forming tool and die. The melt charged into a receiving compartment of the device in successive batches is cooled so as to be transformed into a thermal-plastic condition. There is a build up layer by layer to form a bar and alternately with the charging of the receiving compartment the bar stepwise is subjected to pressure to extrude a portion of a strand.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for metal extrusion comprises a main container for receiving a billet as a material to be extruded, a press stem with a splitting disc in the front thereof for pushing the billet, a die assembly retaining a die for extruding the product, and a holding means such as a sub-container located between the main container and the die-assembly for retaining extrusion remnant or butt. An improved extrusion method is also disclosed comprising feeding the billet to the rear end of the main container by means of a billet loading means, inserting the billet into the container by means of the stem provided with a detachable disc or undetachable one in the front thereof, extruding the billet through the die by moving the stem toward the die while longitudinally splitting apart billet "shell" or crust produced during the extrusion into a plurality of strips or pieces, and retracting the stem to the original position. Each of the metal extrusion steps are repeated sequentially in the preset order.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for extruding an object of undefined length capable of plastic deformation into another object of undefined length and smaller section, using the driving forces and the pressure developed in a viscous fluid surrounding the first object by the movement of a mobile member provided with a groove in its surface, the groove defining, together with the surface of a stationary member, a passage along which the first object is displaced towards a die by the action of the forces developed in the fluid by the mobile member.

Abstract: Aluminum or aluminum alloy scraps or wastes are broken into chips and converted into a cylindrical body to be extruded under a temperature suitable to produce extruded structural profiles. The method is characterized by the fact that the interior of the extruder is evacuated prior to or simultaneously with the extrusion step so as to exhaust air entrapped in the cylindrical body.

Abstract: A device for the continuous extrusion of an object of indefinite length into another object of indefinite length by means of movable elements which move inside a resistant body forming a continuous pressure cylinder inside which the object to be extruded is driven towards a die by means of a viscous fluid surrounding it.

Abstract: An apparatus for hydraulic pressing of metals comprising a receiver of finished articles, made in the form of a framework of two tubes interconnected at the ends by arms. The framework is turned by a separate drive in a horizontal plane, whereby each tube is set to a position axially aligned with a hole in the die wherefrom a pressed article is released into the pipe. As a result, stop-pages for removal of finished articles are not required, and, hence, productivity of the apparatus is improved.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuously extruding non-ferrous metal is shown and described wherein solid metal, such as bar stock, is fed into an entry port of an entirely enclosed melting crucible until the crucible is full of molten metal. A seal is maintained between the metal being fed and the entry port to establish pressure in the crucible and to prevent leakage back through the entry port. When the crucible is full, means are provided to re-solidify the molten metal adjacent a closed exit port. Thereupon, the exit port is opened and the re-solidified metal is extruded through the exit port at the same volumetric rate as metal is fed through the entry port.

Abstract: Four trains of gripping element quadrants are advanced continuously around four endless paths, meeting along one length of travel common to the four paths and cooperating to form a succession of centrally apertured gripping elements moving continuously toward an extrusion die located along the common length of travel. The gripping element quadrants are driven by pinion gears, each of which engages simultaneously sets of teeth on gripping element quadrants in two adjacent trains in order to key the quadrants together and thereby prevent one quadrant from lagging another during their advance toward the die. Four guide elements extend along the paths of the gripping elements and engage simultaneously portions of the two adjacent gripping element quadrants to guide the engaged quadrants during their advance toward the die. Four endless belts are advanced with the gripping elements toward the die and serve to transmit pressure from four stationary pressure pads to the moving gripping elements.

Abstract: A method and machine for use in hydrostatic extrusion wherein a portion of an elastic-plastic viscous pressure medium is introduced into the rear portion of a container, with the rear end thereof being sealed in a fluid tight fashion. The pressure medium being of such a nature that it has a high viscosity and cannot flow by itself. Subsequently, a billet is charged into the container and then a die is mounted in the container at the forward end thereof. The aforesaid pressure medium is caused to fill around the outer circumferential surface of the billet. In this respect, a high pressure seal is provided for the junctions between the die and the forward end of the container and between the die and the forward end of the billet before the pressure medium flows out of the container in a practically negligible small amount, immediately after which a pressure stem is pushed into the container from the rear end thereof, thus proceeding with the hydrostatic extrusion.

Abstract: Four trains of gripping element quadrants are continuously propelled around four endless paths, meeting along one length of travel common to the four paths and cooperating along said common length of travel to form a continuously moving train of centrally apertured gripping elements moving toward an extrusion die adjacent the end of said common length of travel. Rod of indefinite length, coated with shear transmitting medium and extending into the central apertures of the gripping elements, is drawn along the common length of travel by means of shear forces generated in said coating by said gripping elements and transmitted to said rod as viscous drag force along the surface of the rod. Axial and normal stresses are built up in the rod to stress the rod far above its yield strength and increase its ductility, or capacity for deformation without fracture. In this state, the rod is moved through and deformed by the die.