Abstract: A particulate filter is provided. The particulate filter includes: a plurality of sensors located in the filter; and a controller operatively connected to the sensors to determine a relative flow velocity over the sensors. A method for detecting obstructions in a filter may also be provided. The method may include: locating a sensor in a zone within a filter; connecting the sensor to a controller; monitoring the sensor with the controller; and determining whether the zone is obstructed based on data received from the sensor.

Abstract: The present application provides a thermal imaging and machining system for a machine component. The thermal imaging and machining system may include a machining subsystem with a machining device for drilling one or more holes in the machine component and a thermal inspection subsystem positioned about the machining subsystem. The thermal inspection subsystem may include an imager and one or more fluid supply lines such that a thermal response of the holes in the machine component may be determined.

Abstract: A system for controlling the flow of a fluid from a source to a load includes a source. An on/off type of control valve communicates with the source. A micro-electric mechanical system communicates with the on/off type of control valve. A consuming device communicates with the micro-electric mechanical system. An electronic controller that communicates with the consuming device and the source. The electronic controller measures a change in a parameter of the micro-electric mechanical system that results from the flow of fluid through the micro-electric mechanical system to sense a flow of fluid through a micro-electric mechanical system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining multiphase flow characteristics inside production equipment containing at least two fluids. A pulse of heat from a heat source adjacent to the production equipment is provided, and a thermal response to the pulse is measured at each of a plurality of temperature sensors located adjacent to the production equipment. The thermal response measurement includes a time constant obtained from a measured decline in the temperature after the pulse of heat has been provided. The measured thermal responses are used to determine parameters of a fluid contained in the production equipment in proximity to each of the temperature sensors. The determined fluid parameters are in turn used to determine multiphase flow characteristics.

Abstract: A sensor for detecting bubbles in gas phase present in a liquid flowing through a flow path. The sensor can include a heating element for heating the liquid, which can be provided with a predetermined level of power at least during detecting, and a transducer arrangement arranged for generating a measurement signal indicative for the temperature of the heating element. The sensor furthermore can include a comparator arrangement for comparing a measurement value of the measurement signal with a predetermined threshold level, which can correspond to a reference temperature attainable by the heating element in response to the predetermined level of power and a minimum velocity attainable by the liquid in the flow path. Based on the latter comparison, the comparator arrangement can generate an output signal indicative for a possible presence of bubbles in gas phase.

Abstract: In a thermal air flow sensor according to the invention, a hollow formed in a detecting element is communicated with a circuit chamber, in which driving circuit parts of the detecting element are mounted, or an intake duct exterior. Thereby, pressure in the hollow balances with pressure on the outside. Also, since the circuit chamber is provided to be isolated from a detection chamber, in which a detecting part of the detecting element is arranged, that is, a passage chamber, through which air being a measuring object flows, air flowing in the passage chamber can be restrained from flowing into the hollow to have an influence on flow output characteristics.

Abstract: A Device for determining the flow of a flowing medium according to the float principle with at least one floating body and at least one measuring tube with medium flowing through it, wherein the floating body is movable in the measuring tube along an axis (4). To provide a device for measuring the flow rate according to the float principle that, in certain areas, shows insensitivity to changes in properties of the medium or changes of process variables affecting the properties of the medium, an actuating element is provided that acts upon the floating body depending on at least one property of the medium and/or depending on at least one process variable acting on a property of the medium.

Abstract: A viscosity measurement device includes a flexible membrane, an actuation heating element, and a displacement sensor apparatus. The actuation heating element is on and spaced in from an outer periphery of the flexible membrane. The displacement sensor apparatus is coupled to the flexible membrane and measures and outputs a displacement signal representative of a viscosity of a fluid in contact with the flexible membrane.

Abstract: The invention is an apparatus and method for measuring the flow rate of a liquid through a conduit. The apparatus is based on a flow rate meter which is adapted to accurately measure the volumetric flow rate of a liquid using a simple, cost and energy effective, and accurate method using only one temperature sensor. The method is based on applying a pulse of thermal energy to the flowing liquid and measuring the temperature increase as a function of time and energy input. By comparing these measurements to a calibration table made by performing similar measurements for known flow rates, the rate of flow can be determined. One application, which will be described to illustrate the features of the method and apparatus of the invention, is measurement of the flow rate of urine excreted by a catheterized patient.

Abstract: A flowmeter of the thermal type, having a heated flow-sensing element and a temperature-sensing reference element, the elements constructed and arranged to be installed in a pressurized pipe. The flowmeter has one probe with the heated element and a separate second probe with the reference element. The probes are constructed and arranged to pass through the pipe wall in separate through-holes. There is a mounting structure such as a split ring that is adapted to be mounted to the pipe. Two valves operatively coupled to separate locations of the mounting structure, where one probe passes through each valve and into the pipe.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a first substrate has a pair of thermosensitive films, a heater film, and a passage protective film having corrosion resistance in a passage forming region on a first main surface, and has a metal sealing film having corrosion resistance in a region other than the passage forming region. A second substrate has a groove formed in the passage forming region on a second main surface and a side wall forming portion separating other regions other than the passage forming region from the groove and protruding beyond the other regions. A fixing member fixes the first substrate to the second substrate. The side wall forming portion of the second substrate is compression bonded so that the side wall forming portion is located on the metal sealing film on the first substrate.

Abstract: Method for stacking microelectronic devices using two or more carriers, each holding microelectronic devices in an array so they may be registered. Each device is releasably held by its edges in a carrier to allow access to top and bottom surfaces of the device for joining. Arrays of devices held in two or more carriers are juxtaposed and joined to form an array of stacked devices. A resulting stacked device is released from the juxtaposed carriers holding each device by releasing forces of the corresponding carrier urging upon edges of the device, thereby permitting removal of the stacked device.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus having a measurement tube and a thermal sensor for measuring a throughflow of a fluid flowing through the measurement tube, the measurement tube having an inlet and an outlet, and also a measurement section, in which the sensor is arranged. The inlet has an inlet internal diameter and the measurement section has a measurement section internal diameter, and whereby the measurement section internal diameter is greater than the inlet internal diameter.

Abstract: There is described a flow sensing device having a semiconductor chip with a flow channel integrated therein and a sensing element positioned in the flow channel, and a package base attached to the semiconductor chip and allowing access to the two passage-openings of the flow channel from opposite sides of the package base.

Abstract: Provided is a thermal flow sensor capable of obtaining a flow rate detection signal that differs depending on a flow direction of a fluid, with a simple configuration and at low cost. The thermal flow sensor includes: a bridge circuit (1) for outputting a flow rate detection signal (VM); a fluid direction detection circuit (2) for outputting a fluid direction detection signal (VD); and an arithmetic circuit (3, 4, 6) configured to: generate a first output signal (VQF) and a second output signal (VQR) based on the flow rate detection signal (VM) and the fluid direction detection signal (VD); and select the first output signal (VQF) when the fluid direction detection signal (VD) shows normal flow and select the second output signal (VQR) when the fluid direction detection signal (VD) shows reverse flow, to thereby output a flow rate detection signal (VOUT).

Abstract: The present invention includes a first substrate having a sensor part for measuring a measured factor and a second substrate that is to be detachably stacked on a lower side of the first substrate, the second substrate including: a signal processing part that processes a measurement signal obtained by measurement by the sensor part; a power supply part for feeding power to the sensor part; and at least either a memory that stores measurement data obtained by being processed in the signal processing part or a communication part for transmitting the measurement data by wireless, wherein the second substrate is in common use for a plurality of kinds of first substrates different in measured factor measured by the sensor part from each other.

Abstract: An operating mode for a thermal anemometer flow sensor is provided so the flow sensor is operable in the presence of a high level of liquid mist without a significant error in flow reading from the liquid mist.

Abstract: A micro flow sensor includes: a flow path through which a fluid to be measured flows; a detection unit having a heater configured to heat the fluid to be measured in the flow path and temperature sensors configured to measure temperature of a fluid to be measured in the flow path; an arithmetic unit configured to measure a flow rate of the fluid to be measured flowing through the flow path based on the temperature of the fluid to be measured, measured by the temperature sensors; and a narrowed portion disposed on an upstream side of the detection unit in the flow path for narrowing the flow path.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for diagnosis of a flowmeter are disclosed. The method includes thermally coupling a first sensor unit of the flowmeter to a fluid and thermally coupling a second sensor unit of the flowmeter to the fluid. The method also includes actively heating or cooling the first sensor unit by applying power to the first sensor unit such that its temperature is different from the temperature of the fluid, and simultaneously actively heating or cooling the second sensor unit by applying power to the second sensor unit such that its temperature is different from the temperature of the fluid, and typically from the temperature of the first sensor.

Abstract: Thermal, flow measuring device and method for operating a thermal, flow measuring device. The thermal, flow measuring device has a first sensor with a first heatable resistance thermometer and at least an additional, second sensor with a second heatable resistance thermometer; wherein a decision coefficient is calculated according to the formula DC=(PC1?PC2)/PC1, with PC1(t=t1)=P1,1(t1)/(T1,heated;actual(t=t1)?Tmedium;actual(t=t1)) and PC2(t=t2)=P2,2(t2)/(T2,heated;actual(t=t2)?Tmedium;actual(t=t2)), with P being the heating powers consumed by the corresponding resistance thermometers at the points in time t, and T being the temperature values; wherein the value of the decision coefficient indicates the flow direction of a measured medium in the measuring tube.

Abstract: A sensor probe comprises a tube, a sensor element and an absorber mass. The tube is for placement in a process fluid flow within a fluid conduit and comprises a first end for coupling to the fluid conduit and a second end for insertion into the process fluid flow. The sensor element is in communication with the tube. The absorber mass is coupled to the tube and is configured to dampen vibration of the tube when inserted in the process fluid flow.

Abstract: A flow meter includes a heater for heating a fluid flow along a membrane. A temperature difference is measured between and upstream point and a downstream point. There are additionally provided one or more strips of material having a relatively high heat conductivity. Strips that are substantially perpendicular to the flow direction direct heat from the heater to the sides of the membrane, causing a large proportion of the heat that would otherwise drive heat flows to be dispersed and decreases inaccuracies or bias in the measured flow rate. Strips of material that are provided parallel to the flow direction act to direct heat from the heater along the direction of flow. This increases the proportion of heat that flows along this axis and guides the flow and hence reduces the proportion of heat available to drive heat flows that cause inaccuracies and bias in the measured flow rates.

Abstract: A sensor device for detecting at least one flow property of a fluid medium. The sensor device includes at least one sensor housing, in which at least one electronic module having at least one flow sensor for detecting the flow property is accommodated. The electronic module is at least partially accommodated in at least one electronic space. Furthermore, at least one pressure sensor and at least one humidity sensor are accommodated inside the sensor housing. The pressure sensor and also the humidity sensor are at least partially accommodated in at least one sensor space, which is designed separately from the electronic space.

Abstract: A calibrated airflow sensor and monitoring method are provided. The monitoring method which includes: providing an airflow sensor positioned within an electronic system to be at least partially air-cooled, the airflow sensor including at least one temperature sensor and a heater associated with one temperature sensor of the at least one temperature sensor; calibrating, with the airflow sensor positioned within the electronic system, a duty cycle for use in powering the heater associated with the one temperature sensor; and providing a controller configured to use the calibrated duty cycle in powering the heater of the temperature sensor during airflow monitoring of the electronic system, and to obtain a hot temperature (Thot) reading from the one temperature sensor having the associated heater, and to determine, based at least in part on the hot temperature (Thot) reading, whether to issue an airflow warning.

Abstract: A method and device for testing for the presence, absence and/or rate of flow in a shunt tubing implanted under the skin by using a measurement pad having a plurality of temperature sensors, one of which is aligned with the shunt and the other sensors being symmetrically displaced on either side of the first temperature sensor in a direction transverse to the shunt tubing. These “outer” temperature sensors act as control temperature sensors. A temperature source, e.g., a cooling agent, positioned within an insulated enclosure, is then applied at a predetermined location on the measurement pad that is insulated from the temperature sensors. The movement of this temperature “pulse” is detected by the shunt-aligned temperature sensor via the shunt tubing as the CSF carries the temperature pulse while the control sensors detect the pulse via convection through the skin. The temperature data from these sensors are provided to a CSF analyzer that determines a CSF shunt flow status or flow rate.

Abstract: A method of measuring the permittivity and/or conductivity of a multiphase fluid flowing through a conduit is provided. The method includes the steps of measuring the signal from a first electromagnetic transmitter to a first electromagnetic receiver separated by a first distance, measuring the signal from the first electromagnetic transmitter to a second electromagnetic receiver separated by a second distance, measuring the signal from a second electromagnetic transmitter to the first electromagnetic receiver separated by a distance substantially equal to the second distance, measuring the signal from the second electromagnetic transmitter to the second electromagnetic receiver separated by a distance substantially equal to the first distance, and wherein the first and second distances are substantially different.

Abstract: A flow measuring device includes a flow rate sensor, an electronic circuit, a connector, and an adjusting terminal. The sensor outputs a detection signal in accordance with a flow rate. The circuit is electrically connected to the sensor to control input into and output from the sensor. The connector includes a connecting terminal and a connector housing. The connecting terminal electrically connects together the circuit and an external device. The housing is formed in a cylindrical shape having a bottom and an opening to hold the connecting terminal. The housing includes a projection portion that projects from a bottom face of the bottom toward the opening. The adjusting terminal is electrically connected to the circuit to adjust the circuit. The adjusting terminal is held by the housing and includes an exposed part exposed from the housing. The exposed part is exposed from a surface of the projection portion on an opening-side.

Abstract: A flow-through sensing apparatus includes a flow-head and a sensor that are configured to be selectively coupled through use of a quick-disconnect mechanical coupling. When the sensor is coupled with the flow-head, the sensor cooperates with the flow-head to at least partially define a sensing chamber. The sensor is configured to determine a process parameter, such as refractive index, regarding a substance in the sensing chamber.

Abstract: A sensor device and a related method for measuring the flow of a fluid and/or for detecting the presence of a substance have such respective structural and functional features as to allow reliable measurements at very reduced costs. The sensor device includes at least a temperature difference sensor based on the Seebeck thermoelectric effect and integrated in a sensor device support, together with a heating element also integrated in this support. A method for measuring the flow of a fluid and/or the presence or the level of a substance uses the sensor device.

Abstract: The present invention significantly modifies “The Overflow Process”. It includes a method and apparatus for measuring glass flow rate and maintaining a constant glass flow rate. It also embodies design features and methods that support and stress the forming apparatus in a manner such that the deformation that results from thermal creep is corrected, thus minimizing the effect of the thermal creep on the thickness variation of the glass sheet. The present invention also embodies design features that change the process from a single step (combined flow distribution and cooling) to a two step process; step one being flow distribution and step two being cooling.

Abstract: A tubular external electrode has an inner passage configured to flow fuel therethrough. A bottomed tubular internal electrode is at a predetermined distance from an inner wall of the external electrode. A temperature sensor is located in the internal electrode. A detection unit detects a property of fuel according to both a signal from the temperature sensor and an electrical property of fuel in the inner passage. The temperature sensor has a center located between the center axis of the internal electrode and an inner wall of the internal electrode located on an upstream side relative to fuel flow in the inner passage.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a first substrate has a pair of thermosensitive films, a heater film, and a passage protective film having corrosion resistance in a passage forming region on a first main surface, and has a metal sealing film having corrosion resistance in a region other than the passage forming region. A second substrate has a groove formed in the passage forming region on a second main surface and a side wall forming portion separating other regions other than the passage forming region from the groove and protruding beyond the other regions. A fixing member fixes the first substrate to the second substrate. The side wall forming portion of the second substrate is compression bonded so that the side wall forming portion is located on the metal sealing film on the first substrate.

Abstract: A sensing element having an integrally formed metal-silicide layer with a silicon layer is described. In some instances, the thickness of the metal-silicide layer can be controlled during fabrication such that the sensing element has a desired resistivity and/or a near linear thermal coefficient of resistance (TCR).

Abstract: A method for detecting accretion or abrasion on a first measuring tube of a flow measuring device. A first temperature as a function of time is registered via a first temperature sensor, which is arranged on the first measuring tube in such a manner that, between the first temperature sensor and the medium, at least one measuring tube wall of the first measuring tube is embodied. Parallel in time, a second reference temperature as a function of time is registered by a second temperature sensor, which is spaced from the first temperature sensor and thermally coupled to the medium. Therefrom, at least one variable characteristic is determined, and accretion or abrasion on the first measuring tube is detected, if the at least one determined characteristic variable or a variable derived therefrom deviates by more than a limit value from a predetermined reference variable.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the real-time determination of the filling level of a cryogenic tank intended to house a two-phase liquid/gas mixture, in which at least one of the the level, volume or mass contained in the tank is calculated for the liquid or the gas at each time step. The method includes the use of a thermal model at each time step to calculate the average temperatures of the liquid and the gas in the tank on the basis of the measured pressure differential and at least one of the pressures of said differential; calculation of the change over time in at least the density of the liquid on the basis of the average temperature of the liquid and the pressures in the tank.

Abstract: A sensor for measuring flow speed of a fluid, comprising: a light-absorbing optical fiber having a fiber Bragg grating inscribed in the fiber; wherein light is emitted into the light-absorbing optical fiber to heat the optical fiber and the fiber Bragg grating, and when the fluid passes over the sensor, the flow speed of the fluid is determined by the rate of heat loss from the sensor, and the temperature of the sensor is determined from the wavelength shift of the central wavelength of the fiber Bragg grating.

Abstract: A technique for cooling equipment racks that contain multiple individual devices, such as computers, that each have their own internal cooling fans. An air passage (“shunt tube”) is placed between a compartment inside the rack, and the ambient air outside the rack, or between compartments inside the rack. Sensors inside the air passage detect movement of the air inside the passage, and thus indirectly measure the presence of a differential pressure. The preferred sensor embodiment uses temperature sensors, and takes advantage of the differences of the air temperatures inside the computer rack, and outside the computer rack (or between internal computer rack compartments) to determine if the air is moving through the air passage, and which direction the air is moving.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flow meter for determining a flow of a medium. The flow meter comprises a flow tube for transporting the medium whose flow is to be measured. The flow tube has a supply end and a discharge end disposed downstream thereof. The flow meter is provided with a first flow sensor for measuring the flow of the medium at a first position of the flow tube. The flow meter is provided with a second flow sensor for measuring the flow of the medium at a second position of the flow tube.

Abstract: A device for dispensing fluid to a patient and indicating a fluid flow condition. The device includes a reservoir configured to provide a source of fluid under pressure. A continuous flow path in fluid communication with the source of fluid provides a continuous and substantially constant flow rate of fluid from the source to a patient. The device further includes at least one flow detector in fluid communication with the continuous flow path. The flow detector is configured to provide a signal that the flow rate of the fluid in the continuous flow path is different from a predetermined flow rate, thereby indicating a fluid flow condition.

Abstract: An aerosol delivery system (e.g., MDI or nebulizer for delivering aerosolized medication to a patient) includes a temperature sensor in an aerosol output pathway of the system. A controller determines that an aerosol generator of the system has released aerosol when the sensor senses a predetermined temperature change in the pathway. The temperature sensor may also comprise a thermal flow sensor that includes a heater and upstream and downstream temperature sensors. The controller compares the upstream and downstream temperatures to determine the presence, direction, and/or magnitude of fluid flow in the pathway. The controller may use the aerosol detection and/or flow detection to monitor compliance with desired use of the system and/or provide real-time instructions to a user for proper use of the system. The controller may record the aerosolization and flow data for later analysis.

Abstract: A flow meter includes a heater for heating a fluid flow along a membrane. A temperature difference is measured between and upstream point and a downstream point. There are additionally provided one or more strips of material having a relatively high heat conductivity. Strips that are substantially perpendicular to the flow direction direct heat from the heater to the sides of the membrane, causing a large proportion of the heat that would otherwise drive heat flows to be dispersed and decreases inaccuracies or bias in the measured flow rate. Strips of material that are provided parallel to the flow direction act to direct heat from the heater along the direction of flow. This increases the proportion of heat that flows along this axis and guides the flow and hence reduces the proportion of heat available to drive heat flows that cause inaccuracies and bias in the measured flow rates.

Abstract: A chiller system including an evaporator for evaporating a refrigerant and a water pipe in fluid communication with the evaporator. The water pipe is configured to allow water to pass through at a flow rate and to circulate the water with the evaporator to exchange heat with the refrigerant in the evaporator. The chiller system includes a flow restrictor tube within the water pipe that is configured to allow the water to flow through the flow restrictor tube at a reduced flow rate relative to the flow rate. The chiller system also includes a measuring probe that passes through walls of the water pipe and the flow restrictor tube and includes an accuracy range of flow rates less than the flow rate. The measuring probe is configured to measure the reduced flow rate within the flow restrictor tube where the reduced flow rate is within the accuracy range.

Abstract: A heater unit is adapted to determine if a humidification chamber thermally coupled to a hot plate of the heater unit is effectively dry based on determining a thermal response of a hot plate of the heater unit. Also, the activation period during which the hot plate is being heated is adjusted toward an optimum period by adjusting the energization or power level to the heater element thereof in relation to the duration of a prior activation period. Further, the air flow rate of gas through the humidification chamber may be estimated based on a temperature of the hot plate determined in predetermined relationship to the beginning of an activation period.

Abstract: A method for detecting plugging of a measuring tube. Heat is supplied to a medium conveyed in a first measuring tube by means of at least one heating element, or heat is removed from the medium conveyed in a first measuring tube by means of at least one cooling element. At least one temperature sensor, which is thermally coupled to the medium conveyed in the first measuring tube, temperature is registered. Additionally, a first comparison variable, which is characteristic for heat transport by the medium in the first measuring tube, is determined based on the supplying of heat or removing of heat, as well as on the temperature registering, and this comparison variable is compared with a reference variable. Plugging of at least one measuring tube of the measuring transducer is detected if the first comparison variable deviates from the reference variable by more than a limit value.

Abstract: Flow sensor assemblies having increased flow range capabilities are disclosed. In one illustrative embodiment, a flow sensor assembly includes a housing with an inlet flow port, an outlet flow port, a fluid channel extending between the inlet flow port and the outlet flow port, and a bypass channel having a pair of taps fluidly connected to the fluid channel at separate locations. A flow sensor for sensing a measure related to a flow rate of a fluid flowing through the fluid channel can positioned in the bypass channel. A pressure differential between the two taps of the bypass channel can drive a fraction of a fluid flowing through the fluid channel through the bypass channel. The flow sensor assembly may be configured to achieve, control, and/or balance a desired fraction of fluid flow through the bypass channel and past the flow sensor.

Abstract: A liquid droplet measurement apparatus has: a first laser light source emitting a laser light; a first optical device which makes, in terms of a beam cross-section of the laser light, a beam width in a direction perpendicular to a direction of ejection of a liquid droplet, greater than a beam width in the direction of ejection of the liquid droplet, and makes light intensity of the laser light fall within a prescribed range within a range where variation in a position of the liquid droplet occurs in the direction perpendicular to the direction of ejection of the liquid droplet, at a position where the laser light from the first laser light source is irradiated onto the liquid droplet ejected; a first light receiving device which receives the laser light that has been irradiated onto the liquid droplet by the first optical device and generates a determination signal; and a first liquid droplet characteristics calculation device which calculates at least one of a volume of the liquid droplet and a velocity of t

Abstract: An intake temperature sensor capable of precisely detecting the temperature of intake at high speed even in a low air mass flow zone is provided. In an intake temperature sensor having a temperature detecting element 6 inserted in an opening provided in an intake pipe 3 to be disposed in the intake pipe, a temperature detecting element is mechanically joined with a heat sink 4 directly exposed to the flow of the intake flowing in the intake pipe, and the temperature of the intake is output based on an output obtained from the temperature detecting element. Thus, the thermal resistance of the temperature detecting element with respect to the intake flow can be reduced; therefore, the intake temperature sensor capable of precisely detecting the temperature of the intake at high speed even in the low air mass flow zone can be provided.

Abstract: A method of analyzing pulses from a flow cytometer in which particles in a fluid pass through an excitation volume of an electromagnetic radiation and interact with the electromagnetic radiation to generate signals in the form of pulses includes generating a time-dependent pulse indicative of the characteristics of one or more particles passing through the excitation volume of the electromagnetic radiation, determining a measurement window by selecting a portion of the pulse with a starting point and an ending point above a predetermined value, and calculating a first derivative of the pulse with respect to time over the measurement window.

Abstract: An ultrasonic gas flow measurement device includes a dumbbell-shaped tube, a first ultrasonic transceiver, a second ultrasonic transceiver, a first cover part, a second cover part and a control unit. The dumbbell-shaped tube includes a central tube part, a first cone part, a first tube part, a second cone part and a second tube part, wherein the first tube part has a flow inlet, the second tube part has a flow outlet, the central tube part connects to the first tube part through the first cone part, and connects to the second tube part through the second cone part. The first ultrasonic transceiver installed inside the first tube part is used for transmitting or receiving ultrasonic signals. The second ultrasonic transceiver installed inside the second tube part is used for transmitting or receiving ultrasonic signals. The control unit is used to control the first and second transceivers.

Abstract: A flow-through sensing apparatus includes a flow-head and a sensor that are configured to be selectively coupled through use of a quick-disconnect mechanical coupling. When the sensor is coupled with the flow-head, the sensor cooperates with the flow-head to at least partially define a sensing chamber. The sensor is configured to determine a process parameter, such as refractive index, regarding a substance in the sensing chamber.