Abstract: A smell sensor includes an ion sensor in which a sensing section provided with a sensitive film configured to change a potential in accordance with a state of a measurement target is formed on a semiconductor substrate; a substance adsorption film disposed on the sensitive film and configured to change the state with adsorption of a smell substance; and a reference electrode configured to apply a reference voltage to the substance adsorption film. The reference electrode is disposed to be separated from the sensitive film and not to overlap the sensing section when viewed in a thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A medical tube transports gases to and/or from a patient. The medical tube includes a bead wrapped around a longitudinal axis of the medical tube. The bead forms a first portion of a lumen wall of the medical tube. The medical tube also includes a film wrapped around the longitudinal axis of the medical tube. A first portion of the film overlies the bead, and a second portion of the film forms a second portion of the lumen wall. The lumen wall, formed by the bead and the second portion of the film forms a substantially smooth bore. The medical tube can be reusable or reprocessable.

Abstract: A gas sensor (1) is described comprising a light source (2), and a detector (4), a first reflector (7), which is concave and arranged to reflect and concentrate light emitted from the light source (2) to a first light spot (31), and an interference filter (5). The gas sensor comprises a second reflector (8), a third reflector (9), which is concave, and a reflector base (37) with a dome shaped surface (17) with the first and third reflectors facing the light source (2) and the detector (4). During operation of the gas sensor (1), the detector (4) is illuminated by light from the light source (2), which in an optical path from the light source (2) has been reflected at least once in each one of the first reflector (7), the second reflector (8), and the third reflector (9). The gas sensor (1) is configured for detection of a first wavelength portion of the light.

Abstract: A gas sensor device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a polythiophene film which is formed between the first and second electrodes to be electrically coupled to the first and second electrodes, and to which cuprous bromide is adsorbed.

Abstract: A life safety device includes a housing and a light transmission device disposed within the housing. A first end of the light transmission device is visible at the exterior of the housing. The life safety device additionally includes a transmitter for generating a light. The transmitter is positioned within the housing adjacent the light transmission device. A receiver measures ambient light around the life safety device. The receiver is positioned within the housing adjacent the light transmission device.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a gas sensor element for detecting the concentration of a specific gas in a gas under measurement, a tubular housing having an opening, a sealing member closing the opening, and a heat dissipating member having a rear end located at the same position or forward of the rear end of the housing. The heat dissipating member reduces heat transferred from the forward end side of the gas sensor to the sealing member and includes a connection portion connected to the housing, and a main portion extending rearward from the connection portion such that a gap is formed between the main portion and the housing. The main portion has heat dissipating openings for establishing communication between the gap and a space on the outer circumferential side of the heat dissipating member. The heat dissipating openings are formed on the rear end side of the main portion.

Abstract: A sensor module includes a sensor configured to sense gas in air, a load resistor connected to the sensor, and a processor configured to determine a gas concentration of the gas in the air based on an internal resistor of the sensor and the load resistor. The processor is configured to obtain an electrical conductivity change amount of the sensor and adjust a load resistance value of the load resistor based on the electrical conductivity change amount.

Abstract: A method for synthesis of nanoparticles are described. The method includes dispersing metal oxide powder in a mixture of a base liquid and a surfactant to form a primary mixture, grinding the primary mixture using a grinding media by periodically adding a surfactant solution to form a slurry, extracting a predetermined amount of sample from the slurry at periodic time intervals to obtain a testing solution to assess particle size of in the slurry using a particle size analyzer; and systematically adding the surfactant solution and the grinding media to the slurry based on the assessed particle size in the testing solution until a mean particle size of the nanoparticles is achieved.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a sensor element, a tubular body made of metal, and a sealing material. The sensor element has a surface. The tubular body has a through hole which is formed along the axial direction and through which the sensor element is inserted. The sealing material is placed inside the through hole and between the inner peripheral surface of the through hole and the sensor element. The sealing material covers a part of the surface of the sensor element. When the sensor element is viewed in cross section from a second direction perpendicular to a first direction corresponding to the longitudinal direction of the sensor element, the sealing material forms a first inclination angle of not less than 10° and not more than 80° with respect to the surface.

Abstract: A gas sensor (100) extending in an axial direction AX including: a gas sensor element (120) which detects the concentration of a specific gas in a gas under measurement; a tubular metallic shell (110) having a polygonal tool engagement portion (110B) surrounding the gas sensor element (120); a tubular outer tube (103) which extends rearward from the metallic shell (110), surrounds the gas sensor element (120), and has an opening (103E) at a rear end thereof; a sealing member (191) which seals the opening (103E); and a tubular heat dissipating member (104) which surrounds the outer tube (103) and reduces the amount of heat transferred from the forward end side of the gas sensor (100) through the outer tube (103) to the sealing member (191). The maximum diameter D1 of the heat dissipating member (104) is equal to or less than the opposite side dimension D2 of the tool engagement portion (110B).

Abstract: Articles and methods related to scanning probe microscopy probes are generally provided. A scanning probe microscopy probe may comprise a chip, a mechanical resonator attached to the chip, a tip attached to the mechanical resonator, and a handle attached to the chip. The handle may have a length of at least 5 mm and an average thickness of less than or equal to 500 microns. The probe may further comprise an insulating coating covering both the chip and the handle.

Abstract: A MEMS gas sensor is disclosed. In an embodiment a MEMS gas sensor includes a carrier having a recess, a gas sensitive element arranged in the recess and a shielding layer at least partially covering the recess.

Abstract: In an embodiment a method for operating a gas sensor arrangement includes generating a sensor current by a gas sensor, converting the sensor current into a digital comparator output signal in a charge balancing operation depending on a first clock signal, determining from the digital comparator output signal an asynchronous count comprising an integer number of counts depending on the first clock signal, determining from the digital comparator output signal a fractional time count depending on a second clock signal and calculating from the asynchronous count and from the fractional time count a digital output signal which is indicative of the sensor current generated by the gas sensor.

Abstract: Each of SCUs to includes: a voltage switching unit that performs a first voltage switching to increase an oxygen concentration in a gas chamber and a second voltage switching to decrease the oxygen concentration in the gas chamber after the execution of the first voltage switching; an output change calculation unit that calculates an output change parameter indicating a change in output of the sensor cell according to the voltage switching; a concentration difference calculation unit that calculates a concentration difference parameter indicating a concentration difference in the oxygen concentration or in the concentration of the specific gas in the detection target gas between before the first voltage switching and after the second voltage switching; and a deterioration determination unit that determines a deterioration state of the sensor cell based on the output change parameter and the concentration difference parameter.

Abstract: A method for producing a nanofilm includes providing a microsieve having a first and a second opposite surface region, wherein micropores are formed between the first and second surface regions; applying a nanomaterial suspension on the first surface region of the microsieve, wherein the nanomaterial suspension comprises nanomaterial particles; and creating a pressure difference at a plurality of the micropores between the first and second surface region of the microsieve in order to move the nanomaterial suspension into the micropores and/or through the micropores, such that the nanomaterial particles adhere to the first surface region and to the wall regions of the micropores and form the nanofilm.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for sampling instruments and methods of collecting sample particles. The sampling instrument can include a high-pressure pulsed valve coupled to a gas flow system to displace a sample from a surface. Also included can be a voltage supply coupled to a voltage switch, a suction device, a sample collector, and a collection filter. To collect a sample, extractive particles can be deposited onto a sample present on a substrate. At least a portion of the sample becomes coupled to a portion of the extractive particles to form sample particles. High-pressure gas can be discharged at the sample, thereby aerosolizing a portion of the sample particles to disperse aerosolized sample particles. A portion of the aerosolized sample particles can be collected onto a collection filter to form a collected sample.

Abstract: A detector disc includes a disc body having a bottom disc and a top cover, the top cover including a first aperture. A sensor is disposed inside the disc body and positioned to be exposed to an external environment via the first aperture in the top cover. The solid state sensor is adapted to detect levels of chemical gas contaminants and output a detection signal based on detected levels of the chemical gas contaminants. A microcontroller is disposed on the PCB and adapted to generate measurement data from the detected levels of the chemical gas contaminants embodied within the detection signal. A wireless communication circuit is disposed on the PCB, the wireless communication circuit adapted to transmit the measurement data wirelessly to a wireless access point device.

Abstract: A photoacoustic sensor comprises an emitter for emitting electromagnetic radiation at a first wavelength and electromagnetic radiation at a second wavelength, wherein the first wavelength is for photoacoustically detecting particulate matter in a measurement cavity and the second wavelength is for photoacoustically detecting the particulate matter and at least one target gas in the measurement cavity. The photoacoustic sensor further comprises an acoustic transducer for transducing a first acoustic signal into a first sensor signal depending on an interaction of the electromagnetic radiation at the first wavelength and the particulate matter, and for transducing a second acoustic signal into a second sensor signal depending on an interaction of the electromagnetic radiation at the second wavelength with the particulate matter and the at least one target gas.

Abstract: An SCU as a control device for the gas sensor (first and second NOx sensors) includes an applied voltage switching unit for switching an applied voltage of a pump cell when a deterioration detecting function is performed, and a deterioration rate calculation unit for calculating a deterioration rate of a sensor cell based on a slope during a transient change in an output of the sensor cell according to a switching of the applied voltage by the applied voltage switching unit.

Abstract: A nanomaterial ribbon patterning method includes: forming a first nanomaterial layer having a first threshold strain on an upper surface of a substrate; forming a second nanomaterial layer on an upper surface of the first nanomaterial layer; forming a thin layer having a second threshold strain smaller than the first threshold strain on an upper surface of the second nanomaterial layer; generating plural cracks on the thin layer and the second nanomaterial layer by applying tensile force to the substrate; placing a mask on an upper surface of the thin layer; removing the mask and peeling off the sacrificial layer on the upper surface of the thin layer; and removing the sacrificial layer to form a nanomaterial ribbon pattern.

Abstract: Systems and methods provide for manufacturing and assembling a single package gas sensor. The method includes: disposing a substrate in a housing; disposing at least one gas sensor die on the substrate; disposing at least one ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diode (LED) on the substrate; and attaching a lid to the housing, wherein the lid includes at least one gas ingress point.

Abstract: The present application relates sensing reactive components in fluids by monitoring band gap changes to a material having interacted with the reactive components via physisorption and/or chemisorption. In some embodiments, the sensors of the present disclosure include the material as a reactive surface on a substrate. The band gap changes may be detected by measuring conductance changes and/or spectroscopic changes. In some instances, the sensing may occur downhole during one or more wellbore operations like drilling, hydraulic fracturing, and producing hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An actuating and sensing module includes a main body, an actuator and a gas sensor. The main body includes a partition, an inlet and an outlet. The space inside the main body is divided into a first compartment and a second compartment by the partition. The inlet and the outlet are in fluid communication with the first compartment and the second compartment respectively. The inlet, the first compartment, a communicating hole, the second compartment and the outlet form a gas channel within the main body. The actuator is sealed and disposed between the main body and the partition in the second compartment, wherein gas is introduced into the first compartment through the inlet, transported to the second compartment through the communicating hole, and discharged through the outlet by the actuator. The gas sensor is disposed in the first compartment and separated from the actuator for monitoring the gas on a surface thereof.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a sensing element having an electrode pad a metal terminal, and a separator that has insertion holes in which the metal terminal is held. The metal terminal includes a main body and an elastic portion that is integrally connected to the main body and is elastically connected to the electrode pad at a predetermined contact point. The main body includes a front-end-side restricting portion and a rear-end-side restricting portion that restrict the movement of the main body by contacting wall surfaces of the insertion hole when the main body moves in a direction intersecting the direction of an axial line. The contact point is located between the front-end-side restricting portion and the rear-end-side restricting portion in the direction of the axial line. The front-end-side restricting portion and the rear-end-side restricting portion are connected to each other so that a flat board portion is interposed therebetween.

Abstract: We disclose a circuit board that hosts at least first and second types of resistance sensors and a method of operating the same. The resistance of each sensor of the first type tends to increase, and the resistance of each sensor of the second type tends to decrease if the sensor is exposed to an aggressive environment. The circuit board also hosts a control circuit that operates to monitor respective resistances of the various resistance sensors and to process the digital values representing the resistances to estimate the working condition of one or more other electrical circuits located on the circuit board and/or in relatively close proximity to the circuit board in the corresponding equipment cabinet. The control circuit further operates to transmit out an appropriate alarm message if the estimated working condition is deemed unsatisfactory.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gas sensor for detecting hydrogen gas in a measurement gas atmosphere, including: a first installation part defining a first inner space in communication with the measurement gas atmosphere through a solid electrolyte membrane member; a second installation part defining a second inner space in direct communication with the measurement gas atmosphere; first and second sensor elements respectively installed in the first and second inner spaces; and a calculation unit configured to calculate the concentration of the hydrogen gas according to a potential between the first and second sensor elements. The gas sensor further includes a current detecting portion that detects a current flowing through the first and second sensor elements. The calculation unit is configured to, when the current detected by the current detecting portion is larger than or equal to a threshold value, judge that the hydrogen gas is present at high concentration.

Abstract: A solid-state, low power microheater sensor platform that is configurable with selected metal oxide films for particular gas sensing applications is described. The sensor platform is configured by selecting a chemiresistive or catalytic material that is suitable for detecting a desired gas and then forming a porous nanostructured film on the designated surfaces of the microheater platform. Also described are methods for creating a highly porous, nanostructured metal oxide film in a controlled location from a liquid precursor using a localized heat source. By fast annealing deposited liquid precursors with the microheater, a highly porous, nanocrystalline metal oxide film can be generated in-situ and locally on the sensor platform.

Abstract: A particulate matter detection sensor includes a particulate matter detection unit for changing the output of an electrical signal in accordance with change in the electrical characteristics due to the deposition of particulate matter contained in an exhaust gas G discharged from an internal combustion engine, and a cover member having a cylindrical cover wall and disposed to surround the particulate matter detection unit. The particulate matter detection unit includes a deposition portion on which a part of the particulate matter is deposited, and a plurality of detection electrodes disposed being spaced apart from each other on the deposition portion. The deposition portion of the particulate matter detection unit is arranged so as to be oriented towards the tip side of the cover member. The cover wall of the cover member includes a plurality of exhaust gas introduction holes formed at positions closer to the tip side than is the deposition portion.

Abstract: A gas sensor containing counter electrodes and a semiconductor nanowire 4 disposed between the counter electrodes 2, 3, wherein the semiconductor nanowire 4 is in a state where light can be irradiated, which sensor measures changes in the electric current associated with adsorption of a gas to the semiconductor nanowire 4, wherein the electric current is generated by irradiation of light on the semiconductor nanowire with a voltage applied to the counter electrodes 2, 3.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a hydrogen monitoring system comprises a plurality of sensing elements that individually comprise a working electrode, a counter electrode, an insulating layer located in between the working electrode and the counter electrode, a catalyst located on an end of both the working electrode and the counter electrode, an electrolyte located on the end of the sensing elements on both the working electrode and the counter electrode, between the working electrode and the counter electrode, and in contact with the catalyst, and an electrical circuit located on an opposite end of the sensing element that connects the working electrode and the counter electrode.

Abstract: A reader for a lateral flow test device includes a tray or drawer, extendable from the reader, which receives the test device. The tray includes a calibration test pattern affixed or printed thereon placed proximate to the test device and in alignment with the axis of the test device. As the tray is closed and the test device is inserted to the reader, the calibration test pattern is first read by an optics unit including a photodiode. The resulting photodiode output provides a calibration curve S that the reader then uses to correct for any non-linear response of the reader's optical or electronic systems, thus insuring that every reader will yield the same readout for a given test cartridge, despite reader-to-reader variations or reader degradation with time. One use of the reader is for detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Abstract: Systems and sensors for detecting vaping or smoking are disclosed. A sensor system for identifying vaping and smoking at a site includes an air sensor located within a return vent of a ventilation system and configured to sense air quality of air conveyed through the return vent, a controller configured to identify vaping and smoking from the sensed air quality based on an air signature, and a network interface configured to communicate an alert indicating the vaping or smoking, when the vaping or smoking is identified.

Abstract: A particulate sensor (1) having a sensor-side positioning portion (11k) for determining the circumferential position of a sensor main body (5) with respect to a sensor attachment portion (120) when the particulate sensor (1) is attached to the sensor attachment portion (120). The sensor attachment portion (120) has a pipe-side positioning portion (121) which conforms to the sensor-side positioning portion (11k) and is configured such that, when the particulate sensor (1) is attached to the sensor attachment portion (120), the circumferential position of the sensor main body (5) with respect to the sensor attachment portion (120) is always set to a fixed circumferential position.

Abstract: A sensor detects a detected value for a covered wire without metallic contact, and includes: a tubular support that has a male thread and an insertion channel in which the covered wire is inserted and supported; a tubular shell that is inserted into the support from a base end; a pillar-shaped detection electrode that is inserted in and supported by the shell; and a tubular threaded piece that screws onto the male thread, is rotatably attached onto the shell, and is moved, along the axis of the support, together with the shell and the detection electrode by a screwing operation. The detection electrode is configured so that the front surface is pressed onto the covered wire in the support when the detection electrode moves, resulting in the front surface becoming capacitively coupled to a core wire of the covered wire via an insulating covering.

Abstract: A formaldehyde detecting apparatus includes a formaldehyde sensor configured to measure concentration of formaldehyde in air; a printed circuit board on which the formaldehyde sensor is disposed, the printed circuit board including a signal processor configured to process a signal output from the formaldehyde sensor; a fixing member disposed on the printed circuit board, the fixing member configured to fix the formaldehyde sensor, wherein the fixing member prevents the formaldehyde sensor from oscillating with respect to the printed circuit board by external vibration; and a power supply configured to supply a voltage capable of stabilizing an output signal to the signal processor.

Abstract: A liquid cell for in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurement of a sample during filtration is provided. The liquid cell includes a cantilever probe; a cantilever holder to position the probe near a surface of a sample (e.g., a filtration membrane); a liquid cell housing provided to hold the sample and comprising an opening at the top; an upper part; a lower part; an internal cavity to contain a fluid; a fluid inlet passage located in the upper part; a first fluid outlet passage located in the upper part; and a second fluid outlet passage located in the lower part. A method of in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurement of a sample during filtration in a liquid by using the liquid cell described herein is also provided.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an integrated circuit (IC) includes providing a substrate having a semiconductor surface layer comprising an unpatterned resistive layer. Measurements are obtained of a characteristic of the unpatterned resistive layer at each of a plurality of locations over the substrate. The unpatterned resistive layer is modified, such as by targeted removal of layer material, in response to the measurements such that the measured characteristic is more uniform across the substrate. A resistor on the IC is defined from the unpatterned resistive layer after the modifying.

Abstract: An electrode for a sensor element 1 that detects a specific substance in a gas to be measured, wherein the electrode is embedded in an insulating substrate having a detection face to which the specific substance adheres, the electrode being embedded in such a manner that a part of the electrode is exposed at the detection face, the electrode comprises an alloy of Pt and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Rh, Ru, Ir, Os, and Pd, and granular voids dispersed among the alloy, and the content of the metal in the alloy is 40 mass % or less, and the number of the granular voids per unit volume of the electrode for a sensor element is 3/100 ?m3 to 50/100 ?m3.

Abstract: A sensor can include a conductive region in electrical communication with at least two electrodes, the conductive region including a conductive material and an alkene-interacting metal complex.

Abstract: Described is a method for quantifying the amount of optically interfering gas impurities in a gas detection system comprising a sample gas inlet, a reference gas inlet, a gas modulation valve, and an infrared absorption gas detector used for analysis of methane or natural gas, wherein the gas modulation valve alternatingly connects the sample gas inlet to the gas detector during a sample gas time period and the reference gas inlet to the gas detector during a reference gas time period. The method includes measuring an infrared absorption for at least two different sample gas concentrations in the gas detector achieved via respective different ratios from the sample gas time period and the reference gas time period, and comparing amplitudes of different measurement signals of the at least two different sample gas concentrations with calibration functions to assess an actual gas impurity concentration in the sampled gas.

Abstract: A gas sensor is provided with a metal shell protecting member formed of a material superior in heat resistance to a metal shell, whereby a high-temperature measurement target (exhaust gas) is prevented from being in direct contact with a region, of a protector internal region of the metal shell, on the front side relative to a protector opposing surface. That is, in the gas sensor, it is possible to suppress corrosion, due to high temperature, of a region, of the protector internal region of the metal shell, on the front side relative to the protector opposing surface (an inner surface and a front end surface of a protector fixing portion), while the metal shell is formed of a material (SUS430) that can be subjected to working (crimping or the like) accompanied with deformation. Therefore, heat resistance of the entire sensor can be improved.

Abstract: Provided are methods for forming graphene or functionalized graphene thin films. Also provided are graphene and functionalized graphene thin films formed by the methods. For example, electrophoretic deposition methods and stamping methods are used. Defect-free thin films can be formed. Patterned films can be formed. The methods can provide conformal coatings on non-planar substrates.

Abstract: A polymer brush with a plurality of repeat units wherein some portions of the repeat units have one or more grafting groups and some portions have one or more interface tuning groups is disclosed. The grafting groups are selected based on the identity of an inorganic substrate, and the interface tuning groups are selected based on the identity of a photoresist that will interact with the groups. A process of lithographic patterning and an electronic device comprising at least one integrated circuit formed by the process of lithographic patterning are disclosed as well. The process comprises providing an inorganic substrate, depositing the disclosed polymer brush onto the inorganic substrate, and depositing a photoresist onto the polymer brush. The process further comprises masking the photoresist with a photomask having a pattern, and applying energy to the masked photoresist to form an etch mask. The inorganic substrate is then etched.

Abstract: A gas sensor device is equipped with the sensor cell, the pump cell, the inner void space, and the gas inlet. The sensor cell is created by a portion of the solid electrolyte body and a pair of sensor electrodes disposed on the solid electrolyte body. The pump cell is created by a portion of the solid electrolyte body and a pair of pump electrodes disposed on the solid electrolyte body. The inner void space faces the sensor electrode and the pump electrode. If a dimension of said gas inlet in a direction in which the measurement gas flows in the gas inlet is defined as L1, a sectional area of the gas inlet taken perpendicular to the direction of flow of the measurement gas in the gas inlet is defined as S1, a distance between the gas inlet and the sensor cell is defined as L2, and a sectional area of the inner void space taken perpendicular to a direction in which the pump cell and the sensor cell are aligned with each other is defined as S2, a relation of 1000?(L1/S1)×(L2/S2)?5000 is met.

Abstract: A gas sensor including a conductive oxide sintered body, the sintered body including a crystal phase having a perovskite-type oxide crystal structure represented by a compositional formula: REaCubFecNidOx wherein RE represents a rare earth element, wherein the following conditions: a+b+c+d=1 and 1.25?x?1.75 are satisfied, and wherein a, b, c, and d satisfy the following conditions: 0.375?a?0.524; 0.050<b?0.200; 0.025?c?0.250; and 0.150?d?0.350. Also disclosed is a conductive oxide sintered body, a wiring board including a conductor layer formed of the conductive oxide sintered body and a gas sensor including an electrode formed of the conductive oxide sintered body.

Abstract: A particulate measurement apparatus controls a particulate sensor which includes an ion generation section (110), an exhaust gas electrification section (120), an ion trapping section (130), and a second electrode (132). The second electrode (132) is maintained at a potential repulses the ions to assist the trapping of the ions at the ion trapping section (130). The particulate measurement apparatus includes a second isolation transformer (720b) and an auxiliary electrode current measurement circuit (780). The second isolation transformer (720b) applies a voltage to the second electrode (132) through a second wiring line (222). The auxiliary electrode current measurement circuit (780) detects an auxiliary electrode current Iir flowing to the second wiring line (222). The particulate measurement apparatus determines at least one of the state of the particulate sensor and the state of the second wiring line (222) based on the auxiliary electrode current Iir.

Abstract: To provide a gas sensor apparatus capable of preventing clogging of a gas intake port due to particles, droplets, or the like, of a gas and maintaining measurement accuracy for a long time, a gas sensor apparatus 1 includes a housing 3. The housing 3 includes an expansion chamber 6 communicating with an air intake passage 2 via an air intake port 8, and a measurement chamber 5 communicating with the expansion chamber 6 via a communicating portion 7. A double squeezing structure including the gas intake port 8 and the communicating portion 7 is provided, and two stages of regions where the volume expands between the gas intake port 8 and the measurement chamber 5 are provided. As a result, the movement of the air in the measurement chamber 5 is decreased. It is possible to provide a structure in which the capacity of the gas intake port 8 is increased to avoid clogging of the gas intake port due to particles or droplets.

Abstract: A method of forming a metal oxide/reduced graphene oxide composite film may be provided. The method may include providing a graphene oxide dispersion. The providing a graphene oxide dispersion method may also include adding a metal oxide to the graphene oxide dispersion to form a metal oxide/graphene oxide dispersion. The method may additionally include forming a metal oxide/graphene oxide film by filtering the metal oxide/graphene oxide dispersion using a directional flow directed assembly. The method may further include reducing the metal oxide/graphene oxide film using a reducing agent to form the metal oxide/reduced graphene oxide composite film.

Abstract: A particulate sensor (1) which detects particulates S contained in a gas under measurement (EG) flowing within a gas flow pipe (EP) has a space forming portion (12) and an ion source (15). The space forming portion (12) projects into the gas flow pipe EP and forms an internal space MX. The space forming portion (12) has an introduction port (43I) and a discharge port (48O) for discharging from the internal space MX the gas EGI introduced through the introduction port (43I). The source (15) produces ions CP by gaseous discharge. The space forming portion (12) is configured such that the introduced gas EGI is discharged from the internal space MX through the discharge port (48O), the gas under measurement EG is introduced into the internal space MX through the introduction port (43I), and the introduced gas EGI is mixed with the ions CP produced by the ion source (15).

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a sensing element having an electrode pad a metal terminal, and a separator that has insertion holes in which the metal terminal is held. The metal terminal includes a main body and an elastic portion that is integrally connected to the main body and is elastically connected to the electrode pad at a predetermined contact point. The main body includes a front-end-side restricting portion and a rear-end-side restricting portion that restrict the movement of the main body by contacting wall surfaces of the insertion hole when the main body moves in a direction intersecting the direction of an axial line. The contact point is located between the front-end-side restricting portion and the rear-end-side restricting portion in the direction of the axial line. The front-end-side restricting portion and the rear-end-side restricting portion are connected to each other so that a flat board portion is interposed therebetween.